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Franks, Paul W.
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Publications (10 of 237) Show all publications
Jannasch, F., Kroeger, J., Agnoli, C., Barricarte, A., Boeing, H., Cayssials, V., . . . Wareham, N. J. (2019). Generalizability of a Diabetes-Associated Country-Specific Exploratory Dietary Pattern Is Feasible Across European Populations. Journal of Nutrition, 149(6), 1047-1055
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Generalizability of a Diabetes-Associated Country-Specific Exploratory Dietary Pattern Is Feasible Across European Populations
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2019 (English)In: Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0022-3166, E-ISSN 1541-6100, Vol. 149, no 6, p. 1047-1055Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Population-specificity of exploratory dietary patterns limits their generalizability in investigations with type 2 diabetes incidence.

Objective: The aim of this study was to derive country-specific exploratory dietary patterns, investigate their association with type 2 diabetes incidence, and replicate diabetes-associated dietary patterns in other countries.

Methods: Dietary intake data were used, assessed by country-specific questionnaires at baseline of 11,183 incident diabetes cases and 14,694 subcohort members (mean age 52.9 y) from 8 countries, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (mean follow-up time 6.9 y). Exploratory dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis. HRs for incident type 2 diabetes were calculated by Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models. Diabetes-associated dietary patterns were simplified or replicated to be applicable in other countries. A meta-analysis across all countries evaluated the generalizability of the diabetes-association.

Results: Two dietary patterns per country/UK-center, of which overall 3 dietary patterns were diabetes-associated, were identified. A risk-lowering French dietary pattern was not confirmed across other countries: pooled HRFrance per 1 SD: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.10. Risk-increasing dietary patterns, derived in Spain and UK-Norfolk, were confirmed, but only the latter statistically significantly: HRSpain: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.22 and HRUK-Norfolk: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.20. Respectively, this dietary pattern was characterized by relatively high intakes of potatoes, processed meat, vegetable oils, sugar, cake and cookies, and tea.

Conclusions: Only few country/center-specific dietary patterns (3 of 18) were statistically significantly associated with diabetes incidence in this multicountry European study population. One pattern, whose association with diabetes was confirmed across other countries, showed overlaps in the food groups potatoes and processed meat with identified diabetes-associated dietary patterns from other studies. The study demonstrates that replication of associations of exploratory patterns with health outcomes is feasible and a necessary step to overcome population-specificity in associations from such analyses.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford University Press, 2019
Keywords
dietary patterns, principal component analysis, diet-disease association, type 2 diabetes mellitus, replication, meta-analysis
National Category
Nutrition and Dietetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160601 (URN)10.1093/jn/nxz031 (DOI)000469881600020 ()31149710 (PubMedID)
Funder
Swedish Research CouncilNovo NordiskSwedish Diabetes AssociationSwedish Heart Lung FoundationVästerbotten County Council
Available from: 2019-06-24 Created: 2019-06-24 Last updated: 2019-06-24Bibliographically approved
Dudding, T., Haworth, S., Lind, P. A., Sathirapongsasuti, J. F., Tung, J. Y., Mitchell, R., . . . Wilson, C. H. (2019). Genome wide analysis for mouth ulcers identifies associations at immune regulatory loci. Nature Communications, 10, 1-12, Article ID 1052.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Genome wide analysis for mouth ulcers identifies associations at immune regulatory loci
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2019 (English)In: Nature Communications, ISSN 2041-1723, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 10, p. 1-12, article id 1052Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Mouth ulcers are the most common ulcerative condition and encompass several clinical diagnoses, including recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Despite previous evidence for heritability, it is not clear which specific genetic loci are implicated in RAS. In this genome-wide association study (n = 461,106) heritability is estimated at 8.2% (95% CI: 6.4%, 9.9%). This study finds 97 variants which alter the odds of developing non-specific mouth ulcers and replicate these in an independent cohort (n = 355,744) (lead variant after meta-analysis: rs76830965, near IL12A, OR 0.72 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.73); P = 4.4e-483). Additional effect estimates from three independent cohorts with more specific phenotyping and specific study characteristics support many of these findings. In silico functional analyses provide evidence for a role of T cell regulation in the aetiology of mouth ulcers. These results provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of a common, important condition.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2019
National Category
Medical Genetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-157513 (URN)10.1038/s41467-019-08923-6 (DOI)000460402300011 ()30837455 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2019-04-05 Created: 2019-04-05 Last updated: 2019-04-05Bibliographically approved
Shungin, D., Hawort, S., Divaris, K., Agler, C. S., Kamatani, Y., Lee, M. K., . . . Johansson, I. (2019). Genome-wide analysis of dental caries and periodontitis combining clinical and self-reported data. Nature Communications, 10, Article ID 2773.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Genome-wide analysis of dental caries and periodontitis combining clinical and self-reported data
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2019 (English)In: Nature Communications, ISSN 2041-1723, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 10, article id 2773Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Dental caries and periodontitis account for a vast burden of morbidity and healthcare spending, yet their genetic basis remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we identify self-reported dental disease proxies which have similar underlying genetic contributions to clinical disease measures and then combine these in a genome-wide association study meta-analysis, identifying 47 novel and conditionally-independent risk loci for dental caries. We show that the heritability of dental caries is enriched for conserved genomic regions and partially overlapping with a range of complex traits including smoking, education, personality traits and metabolic measures. Using cardio-metabolic traits as an example in Mendelian randomization analysis, we estimate causal relationships and provide evidence suggesting that the processes contributing to dental caries may have undesirable downstream effects on health.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2019
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161588 (URN)10.1038/s41467-019-10630-1 (DOI)000472598400005 ()31235808 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2019-07-22 Created: 2019-07-22 Last updated: 2019-07-22Bibliographically approved
Ji, Y., Yiorkas, A. M., Frau, F., Mook-Kanamori, D., Staiger, H., Thomas, E. L., . . . Yaghootkar, H. (2019). Genome-Wide and Abdominal MRI Data Provide Evidence That a Genetically Determined Favorable Adiposity Phenotype Is Characterized by Lower Ectopic Liver Fat and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Hypertension. Diabetes, 68(1), 207-219
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Genome-Wide and Abdominal MRI Data Provide Evidence That a Genetically Determined Favorable Adiposity Phenotype Is Characterized by Lower Ectopic Liver Fat and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Hypertension
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2019 (English)In: Diabetes, ISSN 0012-1797, E-ISSN 1939-327X, Vol. 68, no 1, p. 207-219Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Recent genetic studies have identified alleles associated with opposite effects on adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to identify more of these variants and test the hypothesis that such favorable adiposity alleles are associated with higher subcutaneous fat and lower ectopic fat. We combined MRI data with genome-wide association studies of body fat percentage (%) and metabolic traits. We report 14 alleles, including 7 newly characterized alleles, associated with higher adiposity but a favorable metabolic profile. Consistent with previous studies, individuals carrying more favorable adiposity alleles had higher body fat % and higher BMI but lower risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. These individuals also had higher subcutaneous fat but lower liver fat and a lower visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio. Individual alleles associated with higher body fat % but lower liver fat and lower risk of type 2 diabetes included those in PPARG, GRB14, and IRS1, whereas the allele in ANKRD55 was paradoxically associated with higher visceral fat but lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Most identified favorable adiposity alleles are associated with higher subcutaneous and lower liver fat, a mechanism consistent with the beneficial effects of storing excess triglycerides in metabolically low-risk depots.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
The American Diabetes Association, 2019
National Category
Endocrinology and Diabetes
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-155088 (URN)10.2337/db18-0708 (DOI)000453906300020 ()30352878 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2019-01-10 Created: 2019-01-10 Last updated: 2019-01-10Bibliographically approved
Kurbasic, A., Fraser, A., Mogren, I., Hallmans, G., Franks, P. W., Rich-Edwards, J. W. & Timpka, S. (2019). Maternal Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Offspring Risk of Hypertension: A Population-Based Cohort and Sibling Study. American Journal of Hypertension, 32(4), 331-334
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Maternal Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Offspring Risk of Hypertension: A Population-Based Cohort and Sibling Study
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2019 (English)In: American Journal of Hypertension, ISSN 0895-7061, E-ISSN 1941-7225, Vol. 32, no 4, p. 331-334Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND: Women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are at increased risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Offspring from pregnancies complicated by HDP also have worse cardiometabolic status in childhood and young adulthood, but the offspring risk of clinical hypertension in adulthood is largely unknown.

METHODS: We studied 13,893 first-born adult offspring (49.4% female) who attended a structured population-based primary care visit (The Västerbotten Health Survey) at age 40 years in Sweden between 1994 and 2013. Data on maternal HDP were collected from a population-based birth register. We investigated the association between maternal HDP and the risk of adult offspring hypertension and worse cardiometabolic risk factor status utilizing multivariable poisson and linear regression models. We also conducted a sibling comparison, which inherently accounted for familial factors shared by siblings (N = 135).

RESULTS: Offspring participants of women with HDP (N = 383, 2.8%) had increased relative risk of hypertension (1.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.38, 2.01) and also higher mean body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and worse 2-hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test result at age 40 years. No difference was observed for serum cholesterol. Point estimates for the cardiometabolic risk factors were attenuated in the sibling analyses.

CONCLUSION: Offspring born to mothers with a history of HDP are on an adverse cardiometabolic trajectory and should be considered as concomitant targets for primordial prevention of hypertension in the maternal post-pregnancy period.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford University Press, 2019
Keywords
blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, epidemiologic studies, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, pregnancy, preventive medicine, “Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced”
National Category
Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-157849 (URN)10.1093/ajh/hpy176 (DOI)000462548000003 ()30475953 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85062985965 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Heart Lung Foundation
Available from: 2019-04-04 Created: 2019-04-04 Last updated: 2019-04-15Bibliographically approved
de Vries, P. S., Brown, M. R., Bentley, A. R., Sung, Y. J., Winkler, T. W., Ntalla, I., . . . Morrison, A. C. (2019). Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Lipid Levels Incorporating Gene-Alcohol Interactions. American Journal of Epidemiology, 188(6), 1033-1054
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Lipid Levels Incorporating Gene-Alcohol Interactions
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2019 (English)In: American Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0002-9262, E-ISSN 1476-6256, Vol. 188, no 6, p. 1033-1054Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A person's lipid profile is influenced by genetic variants and alcohol consumption, but the contribution of interactions between these exposures has not been studied. We therefore incorporated gene-alcohol interactions into a multiancestry genome-wide association study of levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. We included 45 studies in stage 1 (genome-wide discovery) and 66 studies in stage 2 (focused follow-up), for a total of 394,584 individuals from 5 ancestry groups. Analyses covered the period July 2014-November 2017. Genetic main effects and interaction effects were jointly assessed by means of a 2-degrees-of-freedom (df) test, and a 1-df test was used to assess the interaction effects alone. Variants at 495 loci were at least suggestively associated (P < 1 x 10(-6)) with lipid levels in stage 1 and were evaluated in stage 2, followed by combined analyses of stage 1 and stage 2. In the combined analysis of stages 1 and 2, a total of 147 independent loci were associated with lipid levels at P < 5 x 10(-8) using 2-df tests, of which 18 were novel. No genome-wide-significant associations were found testing the interaction effect alone. The novel loci included several genes (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5), vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB), and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1 (APOBEC1) complementation factor (A1CF)) that have a putative role in lipid metabolism on the basis of existing evidence from cellular and experimental models.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford University Press, 2019
Keywords
alcohol consumption, cholesterol, gene-environment interactions, gene-lifestyle interactions, genome-wide association studies, lipids, triglycerides
National Category
Medical Genetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161740 (URN)10.1093/aje/kwz005 (DOI)000473760200007 ()30698716 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2019-07-26 Created: 2019-07-26 Last updated: 2019-07-26Bibliographically approved
Bentley, A. R., Sung, Y. J., Brown, M. R., Winkler, T. W., Kraja, A. T., Ntalla, I., . . . Cupples, L. A. (2019). Multi-ancestry genome-wide gene-smoking interaction study of 387,272 individuals identifies new loci associated with serum lipids. Nature Genetics, 51(4), 636-+
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multi-ancestry genome-wide gene-smoking interaction study of 387,272 individuals identifies new loci associated with serum lipids
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2019 (English)In: Nature Genetics, ISSN 1061-4036, E-ISSN 1546-1718, Vol. 51, no 4, p. 636-+Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The concentrations of high- and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are influenced by smoking, but it is unknown whether genetic associations with lipids may be modified by smoking. We conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide gene-smoking interaction study in 133,805 individuals with follow-up in an additional 253,467 individuals. Combined meta-analyses identified 13 new loci associated with lipids, some of which were detected only because association differed by smoking status. Additionally, we demonstrate the importance of including diverse populations, particularly in studies of interactions with lifestyle factors, where genomic and lifestyle differences by ancestry may contribute to novel findings.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2019
National Category
Genetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-158079 (URN)10.1038/s41588-019-0378-y (DOI)000462767500011 ()
Available from: 2019-04-15 Created: 2019-04-15 Last updated: 2019-05-08Bibliographically approved
Kilpelainen, T. O., Bentley, A. R., Noordam, R., Sung, Y. J., Schwander, K., Winkler, T. W., . . . Loos, R. J. F. (2019). Multi-ancestry study of blood lipid levels identifies four loci interacting with physical activity. Nature Communications, 10, Article ID 376.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multi-ancestry study of blood lipid levels identifies four loci interacting with physical activity
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2019 (English)In: Nature Communications, ISSN 2041-1723, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 10, article id 376Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Many genetic loci affect circulating lipid levels, but it remains unknown whether lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, modify these genetic effects. To identify lipid loci interacting with physical activity, we performed genome-wide analyses of circulating HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in up to 120,979 individuals of European, African, Asian, Hispanic, and Brazilian ancestry, with follow-up of suggestive associations in an additional 131,012 individuals. We find four loci, in/near CLASP1, LHX1, SNTA1, and CNTNAP2, that are associated with circulating lipid levels through interaction with physical activity; higher levels of physical activity enhance the HDL cholesterol-increasing effects of the CLASP1, LHX1, and SNTA1 loci and attenuate the LDL cholesterol- increasing effect of the CNTNAP2 locus. The CLASP1, LHX1, and SNTA1 regions harbor genes linked to muscle function and lipid metabolism. Our results elucidate the role of physical activity interactions in the genetic contribution to blood lipid levels.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
London: Nature Publishing Group, 2019
National Category
Medical Genetics Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-156317 (URN)10.1038/s41467-018-08008-w (DOI)000456286400004 ()30670697 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2019-02-20 Created: 2019-02-20 Last updated: 2019-02-20Bibliographically approved
Justice, A. E., Karaderi, T., Highland, H. M., Young, K. L., Graff, M., Lu, Y., . . . Mller-Nurasyid, M. (2019). Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution. Nature Genetics, 51(3), 452-469
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution
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2019 (English)In: Nature Genetics, ISSN 1061-4036, E-ISSN 1546-1718, Vol. 51, no 3, p. 452-469Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Body-fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body-fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF >= 5%) and nine low-frequency or rare (MAF < 5%) coding novel variants. Pathway/gene set enrichment analyses identified lipid particle, adiponectin, abnormal white adipose tissue physiology and bone development and morphology as important contributors to fat distribution, while cross-trait associations highlight cardiometabolic traits. In functional follow-up analyses, specifically in Drosophila RNAi-knockdowns, we observed a significant increase in the total body triglyceride levels for two genes (DNAH10 and PLXND1). We implicate novel genes in fat distribution, stressing the importance of interrogating low-frequency and protein-coding variants.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2019
National Category
Medical Genetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-157574 (URN)10.1038/s41588-018-0334-2 (DOI)000459947200014 ()30778226 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2019-04-01 Created: 2019-04-01 Last updated: 2019-04-01Bibliographically approved
Njølstad, P. R., Andreassen, O. A., Brunak, S., Borglum, A. D., Dillner, J., Esko, T., . . . Stefansson, K. (2019). Roadmap for a precision-medicine initiative in the Nordic region. Nature Genetics, 51(6), 924-930
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Roadmap for a precision-medicine initiative in the Nordic region
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2019 (English)In: Nature Genetics, ISSN 1061-4036, E-ISSN 1546-1718, Vol. 51, no 6, p. 924-930Article in journal, Editorial material (Other academic) Published
Abstract [en]

The Nordic region, comprising primarily Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, has many of the necessary characteristics for being at the forefront of genome-based precision medicine. These include egalitarian and universal healthcare, expertly curated patient and population registries, biobanks, large population-based prospective cohorts linked to registries and biobanks, and a widely embraced sense of social responsibility that motivates public engagement in biomedical research. However, genome-based precision medicine can be achieved only through coordinated action involving all actors in the healthcare sector. Now is an opportune time to organize scientists in the Nordic region, together with other stakeholders including patient representatives, governments, pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions and funding agencies, to initiate a Nordic Precision Medicine Initiative. We present a roadmap for how this organization can be created. The Initiative should facilitate research, clinical trials and knowledge transfer to meet regional and global health challenges.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2019
National Category
Medical Genetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160602 (URN)10.1038/s41588-019-0391-1 (DOI)000469996900002 ()30988515 (PubMedID)
Funder
NordForskSwedish Research CouncilNovo Nordisk
Available from: 2019-06-24 Created: 2019-06-24 Last updated: 2019-06-24Bibliographically approved
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