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Andersson, A., Rodriguez, J., Sands, E., Brugel, S., Björn, E., Jonsson, S., . . . Zhao, L. (2025). Microbes as indicators of Hg contaminated sediments: studies in the Gulf of Bothnia. Stockholm: Naturvårdsverket
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Microbes as indicators of Hg contaminated sediments: studies in the Gulf of Bothnia
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2025 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This report presents results from a project investigating the use of microbes as indicators of mercury (Hg) pollution in sediments. Microbes respond rapidly to environmental change, making them excellent bioindicators. However, to ensure reliable results, it is essential to analyze microbial communities soon after sampling to prevent degradation or loss of activity.

To address this, a portable molecular sequencing laboratory, OmiBox, was developed, enabling near in situ analysis of microbial taxonomic composition and gene expression. Additionally, microbial community composition was studied in Hg-contaminated fiber banks in the Gulf of Bothnia. The results revealed that certain taxonomic groups, such as bacteria from the phyla Campylobacterota and Desulfobacterota, were enriched in fiber-rich, Hg-polluted sediments.

The study also included tolerance experiments comparing bacteria from clean and contaminated sediments in response to Hg addition. Bacteria from polluted sites exhibited significantly greater tolerance, suggesting evolved resistance and retained microbial functionality. Nonetheless, Hg-contaminated sediments pose ecological risks, as methylmercury (MeHg) can bioaccumulate and magnify through the food web.

This project contributes a framework for understanding how bacterial community structure and function respond to Hg pollution in sediments, offering valuable tools for environmental monitoring and assessment.

Abstract [sv]

Kemiska föroreningar orsakar problem världen över. Miljögifter som hamnat i akvatiska miljöer ackumuleras ofta till nivåer som har skadliga effekter på organismerna och hela ekosystemen. Inom EU-lagstiftningen används biomarkörer för att analysera statusen på naturliga miljöer. Mikroorganismer skulle kunna vara väl lämpade som bioindikator, eftersom de i stort sett finns överallt på jorden och snabbt svarar på miljöförändringar.

Målsättningen med detta projekt var att klarlägga om bakterier kan användas som indikator för kontaminerade sediment. Vi fokuserade på kvicksilver, som är ett vanligt förekommande miljögift i fiberrika sediment i Bottniska viken. Inom projektet utvecklades ett portabelt molekylärt sekvenseringslaboratorium (Omibox), experiment utfördes för att testa effekter av terrestra organiska ämnen samt mikroorganismers toleransnivåer för kvicksilverbelastning. Därutöver utfördes fältstudier i gradienter av kvicksilverbelastade områden i Bottniska viken för att hitta möjliga indikatorer i bakteriesamhället.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Naturvårdsverket, 2025. p. 49
Series
Rapport - Naturvårdsverket, ISSN 0282-7298 ; 7187
National Category
Environmental Sciences Ecology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-237712 (URN)978-91-620-7187-5 (ISBN)
Available from: 2025-04-15 Created: 2025-04-15 Last updated: 2025-04-15Bibliographically approved
Chuong, M., Phan, K., Irgum, K., Skyllberg, U. & Björn, E. (2025). Occurrence and controlling factors of methylmercury in non-contaminated Cambodian rice paddy soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 494, Article ID 138560.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Occurrence and controlling factors of methylmercury in non-contaminated Cambodian rice paddy soils
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2025 (English)In: Journal of Hazardous Materials, ISSN 0304-3894, E-ISSN 1873-3336, Vol. 494, article id 138560Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Methylmercury (MeHg) can form through the microbial transformation of divalent inorganic mercury (HgII). However, it remains unknown whether the total concentration of HgII is a main controlling factor for this methylation process in paddy soils unaffected by local Hg point sources. Here we study the occurrence and controlling factors for MeHg levels in non-contaminated rice paddy soil in Cambodia using 164 soil and 100 overlying water samples from different provinces in wet and dry seasons. Paddy soils were characterized with respect to particle size classes, nutrients, and biogeochemical parameters expected to influence Hg processes. Total mercury (THg) and MeHg concentrations in the soils were not related to geographical location or sampling season but to soil physical and chemical properties. We observed significant positive relationships between the concentrations of divalent inorganic Hg (HgII) and MeHg, suggesting that the concentration of HgII is the main factor determining the net formation of MeHg in non-contaminated rice paddy soils. The %MeHg of THg was used as a proxy of the potential for MeHg formation and was significantly, and inversely, correlated with the redox conditions of the soils, as approximated by the oxidation state of sulfur. The study elucidates critical factors driving MeHg levels in rice paddy soil, enhances the understanding of the MeHg formation process and provides a refined basis for soil quality regulation regarding Hg. The results suggest that reducing Hg inputs to paddies will be effective to lower MeHg concentrations in the soil, ultimately reducing its presence in rice grains.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2025
Keywords
Mercury, Mercury methylation, Methylmercury, Non-contaminated, Rice paddy soil
National Category
Soil Science Geochemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-239115 (URN)10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138560 (DOI)2-s2.0-105005014038 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Sida - Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
Available from: 2025-05-27 Created: 2025-05-27 Last updated: 2025-05-27Bibliographically approved
Peng, H., Zhang, X., Bishop, K., Marshall, J., Nilsson, M. B., Li, C., . . . Zhu, W. (2024). Tree ring mercury controlled by atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury and tree physiology. Environmental Science and Technology
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tree ring mercury controlled by atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury and tree physiology
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2024 (English)In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Tree rings are an emerging atmospheric mercury (Hg) archive. Questions have arisen, though, regarding their mechanistic controls and reliability. Here, we report contrasting tree-ring Hg records in three collocated conifer species: Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and European larch (Larix decidua), which are from a remote boreal forest. Centennial atmospheric Hg trends at the site, derived from varved lake sediments, peats, and atmospheric monitoring, indicated a steady rise from the 1800s, peaking in the 1970s, and then declining. Prior to ca. 2005, larch and spruce tree rings reproduced the peak in the atmospheric Hg trend, while pine tree rings peaked in the 1930s, likely due to the prolonged sapwood period and ambiguity in the heartwood-sapwood boundary of pine. Since ca. 2005, tree rings from all species showed increasing Hg concentrations in the physiologically active outer rings despite declining atmospheric Hg concentrations. The good agreement between Hg and nitrogen concentrations in active tree-ring cells indicates a similar transport mechanism and cautions against their applicability as atmospheric Hg archives. Our results suggest that tree-ring Hg records are controlled by atmospheric Hg and tree physiology. We provide recommendations for using tree-ring Hg archives that take tree physiology into account.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2024
Keywords
atmospheric Hg, dendrochemistry, natural archive, radial translocation, tree physiology, tree rings, xylem nitrogen transport
National Category
Forest Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-229935 (URN)10.1021/acs.est.4c05662 (DOI)001309489200001 ()39248494 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85204054731 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2019-03709Swedish Research Council Formas, SMK-2051Swedish Research Council Formas, SMK21-0057
Available from: 2024-09-23 Created: 2024-09-23 Last updated: 2024-09-23
Capo, E., Peterson, B. D., Kim, M., Jones, D. S., Acinas, S. G., Amyot, M., . . . Gionfriddo, C. M. (2023). A consensus protocol for the recovery of mercury methylation genes from metagenomes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 23(1), 190-204
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A consensus protocol for the recovery of mercury methylation genes from metagenomes
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2023 (English)In: Molecular Ecology Resources, ISSN 1755-098X, E-ISSN 1755-0998, Vol. 23, no 1, p. 190-204Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Mercury (Hg) methylation genes (hgcAB) mediate the formation of the toxic methylmercury and have been identified from diverse environments, including freshwater and marine ecosystems, Arctic permafrost, forest and paddy soils, coal-ash amended sediments, chlor-alkali plants discharges and geothermal springs. Here we present the first attempt at a standardized protocol for the detection, identification and quantification of hgc genes from metagenomes. Our Hg-cycling microorganisms in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (Hg-MATE) database, a catalogue of hgc genes, provides the most accurate information to date on the taxonomic identity and functional/metabolic attributes of microorganisms responsible for Hg methylation in the environment. Furthermore, we introduce “marky-coco”, a ready-to-use bioinformatic pipeline based on de novo single-metagenome assembly, for easy and accurate characterization of hgc genes from environmental samples. We compared the recovery of hgc genes from environmental metagenomes using the marky-coco pipeline with an approach based on coassembly of multiple metagenomes. Our data show similar efficiency in both approaches for most environments except those with high diversity (i.e., paddy soils) for which a coassembly approach was preferred. Finally, we discuss the definition of true hgc genes and methods to normalize hgc gene counts from metagenomes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2023
Keywords
bioinformatics, hg methylation, hg-MATE, hgcAB genes, marky-coco, mercury, metagenomics
National Category
Ecology Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-198622 (URN)10.1111/1755-0998.13687 (DOI)000836019100001 ()35839241 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85135534585 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2018-01031
Available from: 2022-08-15 Created: 2022-08-15 Last updated: 2022-12-30Bibliographically approved
Yunda, E., Phan Le, Q. N., Björn, E. & Ramstedt, M. (2023). Biochemical characterization and mercury methylation capacity of Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms grown in media containing iron hydroxide or fumarate. Biofilm, 6, Article ID 100144.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Biochemical characterization and mercury methylation capacity of Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms grown in media containing iron hydroxide or fumarate
2023 (English)In: Biofilm, E-ISSN 2590-2075, Vol. 6, article id 100144Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Geobacter species are common in iron-rich environments and can contribute to formation of methylmercury (MeHg), a neurotoxic compound with high bioaccumulation potential formed as a result of bacterial and archaeal physiological activity. Geobacter sulfurreducens can utilize various electron acceptors for growth including iron hydroxides or fumarate. However, it remains poorly understood how the growth on these compounds affects physiological properties of bacterial cells in biofilms, including the capacity to produce MeHg. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in the biochemical composition of G. sulfurreducens during biofilm cultivation in media containing iron hydroxide or fumarate, and to quantify mercury (Hg) methylation capacity of the formed biofilms. Biofilms were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR), Resonance Raman spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. MeHg formation was quantified by mass spectrometry after incubation of biofilms with 100 nM Hg. The results of ATR-FTIR experiments showed that in presence of fumarate, G. sulfurreducens biofilm formation was accompanied by variation in content of the energy-reserve polymer glycogen over time, which could be cancelled by the addition of supplementary nutrients (yeast extract). In contrast, biofilms cultivated on Fe(III) hydroxide did not accumulate glycogen. The ATR-FTIR results further suggested that Fe(III) hydroxide surfaces bind cells via phosphate and carboxylate groups of bacteria that form complexes with iron. Furthermore, biofilms grown on Fe(III) hydroxide had higher fraction of oxidized cytochromes and produced two to three times less biomass compared to conditions with fumarate. Normalized to biofilm volume, the content of MeHg was similar in assays with biofilms grown on Fe(III) hydroxide and on fumarate (with yeast extract and without). These results suggest that G. sulfurreducens biofilms produce MeHg irrespectively from glycogen content and cytochrome redox state in the cells, and warrant further investigation of the mechanisms controlling this process.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
National Category
Biochemistry Molecular Biology Analytical Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-213182 (URN)10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100144 (DOI)001061813000001 ()37583615 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85169894143 (Scopus ID)
Funder
The Kempe Foundations, JCK-1917
Available from: 2023-08-22 Created: 2023-08-22 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Seelen, E., Liem-Nguyen, V., Wünsch, U., Baumann, Z., Mason, R., Skyllberg, U. & Björn, E. (2023). Dissolved organic matter thiol concentrations determine methylmercury bioavailability across the terrestrial-marine aquatic continuum. Nature Communications, 14(1), Article ID 6728.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dissolved organic matter thiol concentrations determine methylmercury bioavailability across the terrestrial-marine aquatic continuum
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2023 (English)In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 14, no 1, article id 6728Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The most critical step for methylmercury (MeHg) bioaccumulation in aquatic food webs is phytoplankton uptake of dissolved MeHg. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been known to influence MeHg uptake, but the mechanisms have remained unclear. Here we show that the concentration of DOM-associated thiol functional groups (DOM-RSH) varies substantially across contrasting aquatic systems and dictates MeHg speciation and bioavailability to phytoplankton. Across our 20 study sites, DOM-RSH concentrations decrease 40-fold from terrestrial to marine environments whereas dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the typical proxy for MeHg binding sites in DOM, only has a 5-fold decrease. MeHg accumulation into phytoplankton is shown to be directly linked to the concentration of specific MeHg binding sites (DOM-RSH), rather than DOC. Therefore, MeHg bioavailability increases systematically across the terrestrial-marine aquatic continuum as the DOM-RSH concentration decreases. Our results strongly suggest that measuring DOM-RSH concentrations will improve empirical models in phytoplankton uptake studies and will form a refined basis for modeling MeHg incorporation in aquatic food webs under various environmental conditions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2023
National Category
Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-215944 (URN)10.1038/s41467-023-42463-4 (DOI)001100643800031 ()2-s2.0-85159600920 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2016-06459The Kempe Foundations, SMK-1243The Kempe Foundations, SMK-2745
Available from: 2023-11-01 Created: 2023-11-01 Last updated: 2025-04-24Bibliographically approved
Sonke, J. E., Angot, H., Zhang, Y., Poulain, A., Björn, E. & Schartup, A. (2023). Global change effects on biogeochemical mercury cycling. Ambio, 52, 853-876
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Global change effects on biogeochemical mercury cycling
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2023 (English)In: Ambio, ISSN 0044-7447, E-ISSN 1654-7209, Vol. 52, p. 853-876Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Past and present anthropogenic mercury (Hg) release to ecosystems causes neurotoxicity and cardiovascular disease in humans with an estimated economic cost of $117 billion USD annually. Humans are primarily exposed to Hg via the consumption of contaminated freshwater and marine fish. The UNEP Minamata Convention on Hg aims to curb Hg release to the environment and is accompanied by global Hg monitoring efforts to track its success. The biogeochemical Hg cycle is a complex cascade of release, dispersal, transformation and bio-uptake processes that link Hg sources to Hg exposure. Global change interacts with the Hg cycle by impacting the physical, biogeochemical and ecological factors that control these processes. In this review we examine how global change such as biome shifts, deforestation, permafrost thaw or ocean stratification will alter Hg cycling and exposure. Based on past declines in Hg release and environmental levels, we expect that future policy impacts should be distinguishable from global change effects at the regional and global scales.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2023
Keywords
Climate change, Environment, Exposure, Fish consumption, Minamata Convention, Toxicity
National Category
Environmental Sciences Other Chemistry Topics Ecology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-206785 (URN)10.1007/s13280-023-01855-y (DOI)000960249600001 ()36988895 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85151614239 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 860497
Available from: 2023-04-20 Created: 2023-04-20 Last updated: 2023-04-20Bibliographically approved
Li, C., Jiskra, M., Nilsson, M. B., Osterwalder, S., Zhu, W., Mauquoy, D., . . . Bishop, K. (2023). Mercury deposition and redox transformation processes in peatland constrained by mercury stable isotopes. Nature Communications, 14(1), Article ID 7389.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mercury deposition and redox transformation processes in peatland constrained by mercury stable isotopes
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2023 (English)In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 14, no 1, article id 7389Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Peatland vegetation takes up mercury (Hg) from the atmosphere, typically contributing to net production and export of neurotoxic methyl-Hg to downstream ecosystems. Chemical reduction processes can slow down methyl-Hg production by releasing Hg from peat back to the atmosphere. The extent of these processes remains, however, unclear. Here we present results from a comprehensive study covering concentrations and isotopic signatures of Hg in an open boreal peatland system to identify post-depositional Hg redox transformation processes. Isotope mass balances suggest photoreduction of HgII is the predominant process by which 30% of annually deposited Hg is emitted back to the atmosphere. Isotopic analyses indicate that above the water table, dark abiotic oxidation decreases peat soil gaseous Hg0 concentrations. Below the water table, supersaturation of gaseous Hg is likely created more by direct photoreduction of rainfall rather than by reduction and release of Hg from the peat soil. Identification and quantification of these light-driven and dark redox processes advance our understanding of the fate of Hg in peatlands, including the potential for mobilization and methylation of HgII.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2023
National Category
Geochemistry Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-217026 (URN)10.1038/s41467-023-43164-8 (DOI)001126873300012 ()2-s2.0-85176776691 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2018-04695
Available from: 2023-11-23 Created: 2023-11-23 Last updated: 2025-04-24Bibliographically approved
Bouchet, S., Soerensen, A. L., Björn, E., Tessier, E. & Amouroux, D. (2023). Mercury sources and fate in a large brackish ecosystem (the Baltic Sea) depicted by stable isotopes. Environmental Science and Technology, 57(38), 14340-14350
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mercury sources and fate in a large brackish ecosystem (the Baltic Sea) depicted by stable isotopes
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2023 (English)In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 57, no 38, p. 14340-14350Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Identifying Hg sources to aquatic ecosystems and processes controlling the levels of monomethylmercury (MMHg) is critical for developing efficient policies of Hg emissions reduction. Here we measured Hg concentrations and stable isotopes in sediment, seston, and fishes from the various basins of the Baltic Sea, a large brackish ecosystem presenting extensive gradients in salinity, redox conditions, dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition, and biological activities. We found that Hg mass dependent fractionation (Hg-MDF) values in sediments mostly reflect a mixing between light terrestrial Hg and heavier industrial sources, whereas odd Hg isotope mass independent fractionation (odd Hg-MIF) reveals atmospheric inputs. Seston presents intermediate Hg-MDF and odd Hg-MIF values falling between sediments and fish, but in northern basins, high even Hg-MIF values suggest the preferential accumulation of wet-deposited Hg. Odd Hg-MIF values in fish indicate an overall low extent of MMHg photodegradation due to limited sunlight exposure and penetration but also reveal large spatial differences. The photodegradation extent is lowest in the central basin with recurrent algal blooms due to their shading effect and is highest in the northern, least saline basin with high concentrations of terrestrial DOM. As increased loads of terrestrial DOM are expected in many coastal areas due to global changes, its impact on MMHg photodegradation needs to be better understood and accounted for when predicting future MMHg concentrations in aquatic ecosystems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2023
Keywords
dissolved organic matter, Hg sources, Hg stable isotopes, MMHg photodegradation
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-215088 (URN)10.1021/acs.est.3c03459 (DOI)001066353700001 ()37698522 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85172425477 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2014-1088Swedish Research Council Formas, 2021-00942
Available from: 2023-10-13 Created: 2023-10-13 Last updated: 2023-10-13Bibliographically approved
Bouchet, S., Soerensen, A. L., Björn, E., Tessier, E. & Amouroux, D. (2023). Mercury sources and fate in a large brackish ecosystem (The Baltic Sea) depicted by stable isotopes. Environmental Science and Technology, 57(38), 14340-14350
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mercury sources and fate in a large brackish ecosystem (The Baltic Sea) depicted by stable isotopes
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2023 (English)In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 57, no 38, p. 14340-14350Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Identifying Hg sources to aquatic ecosystems and processes controlling the levels of monomethylmercury (MMHg) is critical for developing efficient policies of Hg emissions reduction. Here we measured Hg concentrations and stable isotopes in sediment, seston, and fishes from the various basins of the Baltic Sea, a large brackish ecosystem presenting extensive gradients in salinity, redox conditions, dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition, and biological activities. We found that Hg mass dependent fractionation (Hg-MDF) values in sediments mostly reflect a mixing between light terrestrial Hg and heavier industrial sources, whereas odd Hg isotope mass independent fractionation (odd Hg-MIF) reveals atmospheric inputs. Seston presents intermediate Hg-MDF and odd Hg-MIF values falling between sediments and fish, but in northern basins, high even Hg-MIF values suggest the preferential accumulation of wet-deposited Hg. Odd Hg-MIF values in fish indicate an overall low extent of MMHg photodegradation due to limited sunlight exposure and penetration but also reveal large spatial differences. The photodegradation extent is lowest in the central basin with recurrent algal blooms due to their shading effect and is highest in the northern, least saline basin with high concentrations of terrestrial DOM. As increased loads of terrestrial DOM are expected in many coastal areas due to global changes, its impact on MMHg photodegradation needs to be better understood and accounted for when predicting future MMHg concentrations in aquatic ecosystems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2023
Keywords
dissolved organic matter, Hg sources, Hg stable isotopes, MMHg photodegradation
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-214988 (URN)10.1021/acs.est.3c03459 (DOI)001066353700001 ()37698522 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85172425477 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2014-1088Swedish Research Council Formas, 2021-00942
Available from: 2023-10-13 Created: 2023-10-13 Last updated: 2023-10-13Bibliographically approved
Projects
Methyl mercury formation in aquatic systems with different pelagic food web structure and productivity - Novel strategies for molecular-level studies in mesocosm experiments [2008-04363_VR]; Umeå UniversityUnderstanding the possible re-activation of high priority contaminants release from pulp fibre sediments in the northern Baltic Sea (REACT) [2012-2090_Formas]; Umeå UniversityDoes climate change threaten fishery ecosystem services in the Baltic Sea via increased mercury contamination of biota? [2014-1088_Formas]; Umeå UniversityA molecular approach to understand bioavailability of methylmercury associated with variable sources of natural dissolved organic matter [2016-06459_VR]; Umeå UniversityMechanistic principles of mercury uptake by methylating bacteria - redefining the function of thiol compounds [2017-04537_VR]; Umeå University
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-9570-8738

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