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Wikström-Frisén, Lisbeth
Publications (10 of 13) Show all publications
Ekberg, S., Morseth, B., Larsén, K. B. & Wikström-Frisén, L. (2023). Does the menstrual cycle influence aerobic capacity in endurance-trained women?. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Does the menstrual cycle influence aerobic capacity in endurance-trained women?
2023 (English)In: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, ISSN 0270-1367, E-ISSN 2168-3824Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Purpose: The aim was to study if aerobic capacity varies during different phases of the menstrual cycle (MC) in endurance-trained female athletes.

Methods: Ten endurance-trained eumenorrheic women performed a submaximal test followed by an incremental test until exhaustion three times during one MC, early follicular phase (EFP), late follicular phase (LFP), and midluteal phase (MLP). During the submaximal test, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and utilization of fat and carbohydrates were analyzed; and, during the incremental test, VO2 peak, maximal heart rate, utilization of fat and carbohydrates, and RER were analyzed. Lactate levels were analyzed at rest, during the submaximal test, and after the incremental test. The anaerobic threshold was determined at RER = 1.

Results: No significant differences (p <.05) between the MC phases were seen in a maximal heart rate or VO2peak. Similarly, VO2, heart rate, RER, fatty acid oxidation, and carbohydrate oxidation at 70, 80, 90, and 100% of VO2peak did not differ significantly between MC phases. There were no significant differences between these phases in resting lactate before the test or during the submaximal tests, though there was a significant difference in lactate concentration 3 minutes after the incremental test between the EFP and the LFP (p =.043).

Conclusion: This study did not display variations in physiological parameters between EFP, LFP, and MLP, indicating similar aerobic capacity despite hormonal variations. This knowledge may be useful when planning for competition in aerobic events.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2023
Keywords
Aerobic capacity, female sex hormones, incremental test, menstrual cycle, sports physiology
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-218677 (URN)10.1080/02701367.2023.2291473 (DOI)2-s2.0-85179951356 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-12-27 Created: 2023-12-27 Last updated: 2023-12-27
Wikström-Frisén, L., Boraxbekk, C.-J. & Larsén, K. (2022). Effekter av konditionsträning periodiserad utifrån menstruationscykeln hos idrottande kvinnor. Stockholm: Riksidrottsförbundet
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effekter av konditionsträning periodiserad utifrån menstruationscykeln hos idrottande kvinnor
2022 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Senaste decennierna har det skett en kraftig ökning av kvinnors deltagande inom motions- och elitidrott och det har medfört en jämnare könsfördelning av idrottare. Trots det är kvinnliga deltagare inom idrottsforskning underrepresenterade. Orsaken anses bland annat vara att variationen av könshormoner under menstruationscykeln försvårar standardiseringen vid forskning om träningsupplägg och testning. Det saknas därför vetenskapliga studier kring ytterligare utveckling av träningsmodeller specifikt för kvinnliga idrottare utifrån den kvinnliga fysiologin.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka effekter av konditionsträning periodiserad utifrån menstruationscykeln hos idrottande kvinnor för att öka kunskapen om mer specifika träningsupplägg för kvinnor.

Totalt genomförde 31 kvinnor mellan 18 och 35 år hela studien. Kvinnorna fördelades slumpmässigt i två grupper med varierande träningsfrekvens i relation till sin menstruationscykel. En tredje grupp (kontrollgrupp) fortsatte att träna kondition regelbundet enligt sitt tidigare träningsschema. Kvinnorna tränade under fyra på varandra följande menstruationscykler och deltog i ett test före träningsperioden och ett test efter träningsperioden. Av de två grupper som varierade träningsfrekvens utifrån sin menstruationscykel tränade den ena gruppen kondition fem gånger per vecka under de två första veckorna av menstruationscykeln och kondition en gång per vecka under de sista två veckorna av sin menstruationscykel. Den andra gruppen tränade istället kondition en gång per vecka under de två första veckorna av menstruationscykeln och utförde sedan konditionsträning fem gånger per vecka under de sista två veckorna av sin menstruationscykel. Kontrollgruppen konditionstränade hela tiden tre pass per vecka. Detta resulterade i att varje grupp planerades träna 48 konditionsträningspass under den tid som studien pågick. Deras träning bestod av distanspass samt långa och korta intervallpass. Dessutom bibehöll de sin övriga träning i form av styrketräning, rörlighetsträning och eventuell teknikträning inom sina idrotter. Vid testerna före och efter träningsperioden genomfördes blodprovstagning för allmän hälsokontroll samt för hormonanalys. Båda testerna genomfördes under samma fas av menstruationscykeln. Vid de två testerna genomfördes ett ramptest till utmattning på cykel med kontinuerlig mätning av syreupptag och provtagning av laktat i blod före, under och efter cykeltest. Dessutom fyllde kvinnorna i ett frågeformulär om upplevelsen av träningen samt ett frågeformulär om allmänna måendet för både analys av Profile of Mood States (POMS) och skattning av träningsbelastning.

Som resultatparametrar från de två cykeltesterna användes det högst uppnådda syreupptaget respektive syreupptaget då försökspersonen hade 2 och 4 mmol/l laktat i blodet. Dessutom mättes laktatnivåerna tre minuter efter arbete. Från POMS-frågeformuläret användes det sammanfattande värdet global POMS.

Resultaten visade att konditionsträningens upplägg förbättrade deltagarnas aeroba kapacitet (mätt som maximalt uppnådd VO2peak ml/kg/min och VO2 ml/kg/min vid 2 och 4 mmol laktat i blodet) i alla tre träningsgrupperna, men någon skillnad mellan grupperna vad gäller storleken på denna ökning hittades inte. Inga signifikanta förändringar av global POMS eller av laktatnivåer tre minuter efter arbete fanns mellan de två testerna före och efter träningsperioden.

Slutsatsen av studien är att konditionsträning periodiserad utifrån menstruationscykeln, det vill säga koncentrerad konditionsträning de första två veckorna respektive de sista två veckorna av menstruationscykeln, inte ger extra positiva träningseffekter jämfört med regelbunden konditionsträning som utfördes under hela menstruationscykeln (kontrollgruppen). 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Riksidrottsförbundet, 2022. p. 22
Series
FOU rapport ; 2022:5
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Sports Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-200500 (URN)978-91-87385-38-4 (ISBN)
Available from: 2022-10-21 Created: 2022-10-21 Last updated: 2022-10-24Bibliographically approved
Wikström-Frisén, L. (2018). Tips och träningsråd speciellt för kvinnor. Svensk Idrottsforskning: Organ för Centrum för Idrottsforskning
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tips och träningsråd speciellt för kvinnor
2018 (Swedish)In: Svensk Idrottsforskning: Organ för Centrum för Idrottsforskning, ISSN 1103-4629Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.)) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Centrum för Idrottsforskning, 2018
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Physiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-153025 (URN)
Available from: 2018-11-01 Created: 2018-11-01 Last updated: 2018-11-06Bibliographically approved
Wikström-Frisén, L., Boraxbekk, C. J. & Henriksson-Larsén, K. (2017). Effects on power, strength and lean body mass of menstrual/oral contraceptive cycle based resistance training. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 57(1-2), 43-52
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effects on power, strength and lean body mass of menstrual/oral contraceptive cycle based resistance training
2017 (English)In: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, ISSN 0022-4707, E-ISSN 1827-1928, Vol. 57, no 1-2, p. 43-52Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of menstrual and oral contraceptive cycle on a high frequency periodized leg resistance training in trained women. METHODS: Two groups performed high frequency leg resistance training for two weeks of each menstrual/oral contraceptive cycle for four months. The remaining part of the cycle they performed the leg training once a week. Group 1 (N.=19) trained with high frequency (5 times-w-') during the first two weeks of each cycle, and group 2 (N.=19) during the last two weeks of each cycle. A control group (N.=21) performed regurlar (3 times.w(-1)) leg resistance training for four months. RESULTS: Significant increase in squat and countermovement jump, and peak torque values in hamstrings for group 1 were observed, but not in group 2. In the control group an increase in squat and countermovement jump, and peak torque (only left hamstring) was also observed. There was also a significant increase in lean body mass of the legs in group 1 only. There were no evident differences in the training effects between women with or without oral contraceptive. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency periodized leg resistance training during the first two weeks of the menstrual cycle is more beneficial to optimize training than in the last two weeks. Resistance training during the first two weeks of the menstrual cycle even resulted in a larger gain of lean body mass than regular training.

Keywords
Women, Muscle strength, Resistance training, Menstrual cycle
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-112551 (URN)10.23736/S0022-4707.16.05848-5 (DOI)000398129700006 ()26558833 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85013055713 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2015-12-10 Created: 2015-12-10 Last updated: 2023-03-24Bibliographically approved
Wikström-Frisén, L., Boraxbekk, C.-J. & Henriksson-Larsén, K. (2017). Increasing training load without risking the female athlete triad: menstrual cycle based periodized training may be an answer?. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 57(11), 1519-1525
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Increasing training load without risking the female athlete triad: menstrual cycle based periodized training may be an answer?
2017 (English)In: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, ISSN 0022-4707, E-ISSN 1827-1928, Vol. 57, no 11, p. 1519-1525Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND: An improved muscle strength are of great importance in many sports, hence an increased understanding on how to generate optimal strength training programs in women without negative side effects that may lead to the female athlete triad are essential. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential negative effects of high frequency periodized menstrual/OC cycle based leg resistance training on components in the female athlete triad.

METHODS: Fifty-nine women, with experience of resistance training and with regular menstrual/OC cycles were included in the analyses. The participants were randomly assigned a training program consisted of high frequency leg resistance training, periodized to the first two weeks (group 1) or the last two weeks (group 2) of each cycle, or to a control group performing regular training, during four consecutive menstrual/OC cycles. The main analysis was the pre-to-post change of sex and growth hormones, cortisol, total body fat mass, bone mineral density in the spine. We further examined the participants’ own experience of the training programs.

RESULTS: No significant negative impact on sex and growth hormones, cortisol, total body fat mass and bone mineral density in the spine, was detected in any of the groups. Moreover, the women in group 1 experienced their training program as positive.

CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency periodized leg resistance training was not associated with exercise-related negative consequences on components in the female athlete triad. Moreover, the training was well accepted when performed during the first two weeks of each cycle.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2017
Keywords
Female athlete triad syndrome, estrogens, testosterone, hydrocortisone, growth hormone, bone density
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120381 (URN)10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06444-6 (DOI)000431425400017 ()27167713 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85029348299 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2016-05-16 Created: 2016-05-16 Last updated: 2023-03-23Bibliographically approved
Wikström-Frisén, L. & Nordström, A. (2017). Kvinnor & träning. Stockholm: SISU Idrottsböcker
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Kvinnor & träning
2017 (Swedish)Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: SISU Idrottsböcker, 2017. p. 79
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Physiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-153026 (URN)978-91-7727-007-2 (ISBN)
Available from: 2018-11-01 Created: 2018-11-01 Last updated: 2022-01-05Bibliographically approved
Wikström-Frisén, L., Larsson, P., Mincheva Nilsson, L. & Henriksson-Larsén, K. (2017). Mood and oxytocin blood levels in physically active women with and without oral contraceptive use in relation to seasonal daylight variation. International Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine, 3(3), Article ID 058.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mood and oxytocin blood levels in physically active women with and without oral contraceptive use in relation to seasonal daylight variation
2017 (English)In: International Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine, ISSN 2469-5718, Vol. 3, no 3, article id 058Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background

The aim is to provide normative data on oxytocin, and its seasonality in users and non-users of Oral Contraceptives (OC) in physically active women. Further, to elucidate the relationship between Oxytocin and Profile of Mood States (POMS) for further research to see if Oxytocin can be used as an additional diagnostic marker to detect overreaching/overtraining syndrome or other stress disorders.

Methods

Forty-eight women (18-35 years old), 19 with and 29 without OC use, physically active at least 3 times a week at > 13 on the Borg RPE scale. Thirty-three subjects completed the study, 15 with and 18 without OC use. The number of hours from sunrise to sunset averaged 10 h during the autumn, 6 h during the winter, and 15 h during the spring. Once a month, blood samples were taken, weight and the day of menstrual cycle was documented, the POMS questionnaire was filled out as well as a personal daily logbook recording exercise type, duration, and intensity. To evaluate seasonal variations in Oxytocin and Global POMS, repeated measures analysis of variance was used.

Results

A significant seasonal variation in Oxytocin levels within the groups with and without OC respectively and significant differences in Oxytocin levels between the groups at diverse seasons were found. No significant difference in seasonal variation of Global POMS within the groups and no significant differences in levels of Global POMS between the groups with and without OC were seen. Furthermore, no clear relationship between Oxytocin, Global POMS scores, and hours of daylight respectively were detected.

Conclusions

Due to seasonality, impact of OC use on oxytocin levels, methodological considerations, and no convincing relationship to Global POMS, oxytocin is not suggested to be an optimal, diagnostic marker alone or in combination with others to detect overreaching and overtraining syndrome in physically active women.

Keywords
Oxytocin, Profile of Mood State, oral contraceptive use, females, hormone, seasonal variation, daylight
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Physiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124822 (URN)10.23937/2469-5718/1510058 (DOI)
Available from: 2016-08-26 Created: 2016-08-26 Last updated: 2018-06-07Bibliographically approved
Wikström-Frisén, L. & Larsén, K. (2017). Periodisering av träning under menstruationscykeln. Svensk Idrottsmedicin, 36(3), 12-14
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Periodisering av träning under menstruationscykeln
2017 (Swedish)In: Svensk Idrottsmedicin, ISSN 1103-7652, Vol. 36, no 3, p. 12-14p. 12-14Article in journal (Other academic) Published
Abstract [sv]

Kroppens variationer under menstruationscykeln är en central del av kvinnors vardag och därför behöver vi bli bättre på att ta hänsyn till detta när vi optimerar träning för idrottande kvinnor.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Järna: Svensk Förening för Fysisk Aktivitet och Idrottsmedicin, 2017. p. 12-14
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Physiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-153022 (URN)
Available from: 2018-11-01 Created: 2018-11-01 Last updated: 2019-02-26Bibliographically approved
Wikström-Frisén, L. (2017). Träning och hormoner hos idrottande kvinnor. Svensk Idrottsmedicin, 36(2), 15-18
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Träning och hormoner hos idrottande kvinnor
2017 (Swedish)In: Svensk Idrottsmedicin, ISSN 1103-7652, Vol. 36, no 2, p. 15-18p. 15-18Article in journal (Other academic) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Västerås: Svensk Förening för Fysisk Aktivitet och Idrottsmedicin, 2017. p. 15-18
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Physiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-153021 (URN)
Available from: 2018-11-01 Created: 2018-11-01 Last updated: 2021-06-03Bibliographically approved
Wikström-Frisén, L. (2016). Effektivare styrketräning i menstruationscykelns början. Svensk Idrottsforskning: Organ för Centrum för Idrottsforskning
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effektivare styrketräning i menstruationscykelns början
2016 (Swedish)In: Svensk Idrottsforskning: Organ för Centrum för Idrottsforskning, ISSN 1103-4629Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.)) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Centrum för Idrottsforskning, 2016
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Physiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-153024 (URN)
Available from: 2018-11-01 Created: 2018-11-01 Last updated: 2018-11-06Bibliographically approved
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