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DeMarinis, Valerie
Publications (10 of 20) Show all publications
Abbas, T., McNeil, R., Boyd-MacMillan, E. & DeMarinis, V. (2025). Humiliation and perceived power loss as drivers of radicalisation vulnerability in Northwestern Europe. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Humiliation and perceived power loss as drivers of radicalisation vulnerability in Northwestern Europe
2025 (English)In: Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, ISSN 1943-4472, E-ISSN 1943-4480Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

This study explores the relationships between humiliation, perceived power loss, discrimination, and vulnerability to radicalisation across Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United Kingdom. Analysing survey data from 5,501 respondents, we developed a measure of radicalisation vulnerability that captures both general vulnerability factors and specific ideological orientations. Muslims and ethnic minorities were marginally more likely to experience humiliation than ethnic majorities, though this relationship varied by national context. A strong positive association was found between perceived ethnic power loss and radicalisation vulnerability, with higher perceived power loss linked to increased vulnerability. While humiliation positively correlated with discrimination, our analysis distinguished between discrete discrimination experiences and broader perceptions of ethnic power loss, suggesting distinct pathways to radicalisation vulnerability. Notably, humiliation mediated the relationship between Muslim or foreign-born status and radicalisation vulnerability, suggesting that addressing humiliation may be more effective than targeting specific demographic groups or ideologies. Cross-national comparisons revealed significant differences in radicalisation vulnerability, with the Netherlands showing the highest mean score and Denmark the lowest. These findings highlight the role of the national context in radicalisation processes and emphasise the need for culturally informed, holistic prevention strategies that address underlying psychological and social factors, particularly humiliation and perceived power loss.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2025
Keywords
discrimination, ethnicity, humiliation, power, Radicalisation
National Category
Sociology (Excluding Social Work, Social Anthropology, Demography and Criminology)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-238218 (URN)10.1080/19434472.2025.2488931 (DOI)001468354900001 ()2-s2.0-105002967212 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 959200
Available from: 2025-04-30 Created: 2025-04-30 Last updated: 2025-04-30
Wallin, M. I., DeMarinis, V., Nevonen, L. & Bäärnhielm, S. (2024). A qualitative analysis of the documentation of DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interviews with non-native speaking patients in a Swedish mental health care setting. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, Article ID 1298920.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A qualitative analysis of the documentation of DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interviews with non-native speaking patients in a Swedish mental health care setting
2024 (English)In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, E-ISSN 1664-0640, Vol. 15, article id 1298920Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Cultural variety in expressed symptom presentations of mental health problems creates difficulties in transcultural diagnostic assessments. This emphasizes the need of culturally sensitive diagnostic tools like the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI). Although the CFI is being implemented worldwide there is a lack of studies analyzing what kind of information it provides when used with new patients in routine psychiatric assessments, and how CFI information contributes to diagnostic evaluations. This study aimed to find out what information the CFI questions revealed when used with non-native Swedish speaking patients. We also wanted to understand how the CFI may facilitate identification of psychiatric diagnoses among these patients.

Materials and methods: The CFI was used as part of a routine clinical psychiatric assessment in an outpatient clinic in Sweden. Interpreters were used in the consultations when needed. A qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze the documented CFI answers from non-native speaking patients.

Results: We found that the CFI information contained contextualized descriptions of dysfunction and current life conditions, as well as expressions of emotions, often described along with somatic terms.

Discussion: Our results indicate that the narrative approach of the CFI, giving contextualized information about distress and functioning, can facilitate clinicians’ identification of psychiatric symptoms when language, psychiatric terms and understandings are not shared between patient and clinician.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2024
Keywords
clinical assessment, cultural formulation, cultural identity, cultural psychiatry, ethnicity and mental health
National Category
Psychiatry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-222353 (URN)10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1298920 (DOI)001176948900001 ()2-s2.0-85186908037 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-03-15 Created: 2024-03-15 Last updated: 2025-04-24Bibliographically approved
Svamo, N. T., Haug, S. H., DeMarinis, V. & Hertzberg, U. (2024). Adolescents' voices on self-engagement in mental health treatment: a scoping review. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33(12), 4083-4095
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Adolescents' voices on self-engagement in mental health treatment: a scoping review
2024 (English)In: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, ISSN 1018-8827, E-ISSN 1435-165X, Vol. 33, no 12, p. 4083-4095Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: According to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, adolescents' involvement in their healthcare is a fundamental right, and self-engagement in mental health treatment is vital for realizing their potential within person-centered care (PCC). Research exists that highlights barriers to involving adolescents in their care decisions. However, research on adolescents' own voices about self-engagement in mental health treatment has been scarce. This scoping review aimed to examine and summarize current knowledge on adolescents' voices regarding self-engagement in mental health treatment.

Method: The review followed the scoping methodology of Arksey and O'Malley from 2005, updated by Levac and colleagues in 2010, involving five stages: (1) identifying the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) study selection, (4) charting the data, and (5) collating, summarizing and reporting the results. Results: Nineteen studies were included. The following themes on adolescents' voices regarding self-engagement in mental health treatment were identified: (1) the therapeutic alliance, (2) the need for active engagement in treatment, (3) different experiences due to time of data collection, (4) treatment context and healthcare system, and (5) adolescent-caregiver interaction.

Conclusion: Adolescents' understanding of self-engagement was multilevel and comprehensive, including individual, contextual and relational factors. A strong therapeutic alliance with healthcare providers, and a need to be actively engaged in treatment were highlighted. To succeed in strengthening PCC in mental healthcare for adolescents, health professionals must take this complex understanding into consideration, as treatment without adolescents' self-engagement may worsen their clinical outcomes. Future research should explore specific PCC interventions and incorporate diverse methodologies in various clinical contexts. Additionally, insights from healthcare providers and caregivers on self-engagement in mental health treatment will complement these findings.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2024
Keywords
Adolescents, Mental health treatment, Person-centered care, Scoping review, Self-engagement
National Category
Pediatrics Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-222980 (URN)10.1007/s00787-024-02425-7 (DOI)001194588000002 ()38538878 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85188835681 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-04-04 Created: 2024-04-04 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Bäärnhielm, S., Rohlof, H. & DeMarinis, V. (2024). Editorial: Clinical implementation of the DSM-5 cultural formulation interview. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, Article ID 1520122.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Editorial: Clinical implementation of the DSM-5 cultural formulation interview
2024 (English)In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, E-ISSN 1664-0640, Vol. 15, article id 1520122Article in journal, Editorial material (Other academic) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2024
Keywords
cultural formulation interview, DSM-5, person-centered, psychiatric assessment, psychiatric diagnosing
National Category
Psychiatry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-234025 (URN)10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1520122 (DOI)001385362400001 ()39735427 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85213363898 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2025-01-14 Created: 2025-01-14 Last updated: 2025-01-14Bibliographically approved
Wallin, M. I., DeMarinis, V., Nevonen, L. & Bäärnhielm, S. (2024). What information did the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interviews provide when used with Swedish-speaking patients in a psychiatric setting in Stockholm?. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, Article ID 1377006.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>What information did the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interviews provide when used with Swedish-speaking patients in a psychiatric setting in Stockholm?
2024 (English)In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, E-ISSN 1664-0640, Vol. 15, article id 1377006Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Cultural and contextual factors affect communication and how psychiatric symptoms are presented, therefore psychiatric assessments need to include awareness of the patients’ culture and context. The Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) in DSM-5 is a person-centred tool developed to support the exploration of cultural and contextual factors in an individualized and non-stereotypic way.

Methods: The aim of this qualitative study was to find out what information the DSM-5 CFI revealed when used with native Swedish-speaking patients as part of routine clinical psychiatric assessment at an outpatient clinic. An additional aim was to enhance understanding of what kind of information the questions about background and identity yielded. The CFI was added to the psychiatric assessment of 62 native Swedish-speaking patients at an outpatient psychiatric clinic in Stockholm.

Results: From the thematic analysis of the documented CFI answers, six central themes were found; Descriptions of distress and dysfunction, Managing problems and distress, Current life conditions affecting the person, Perceived failure in meeting social expectations, Making sense of the problem, and Experiences of, and wishes for, help. The CFI questions about identity yielded much information, mainly related to social position and feelings of social failure.

Discussion: For further refinement of the CFI, we see a need for re-framing the questions about cultural identity and its impact on health so that they are better understood. This is needed for majority population patients as direct questions about culture may be difficult to understand when cultural norms are implicit and often unexamined. For clinical implications, our findings suggest that for cultural majority patients the DSM-5 CFI can be a useful person-centred tool for exploring cultural and, in particular, social factors and patients’ perception and understanding of distress.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2024
Keywords
clinical assessment, cultural formulation, cultural identity, cultural psychiatry, ethnicity and mental health
National Category
Psychiatry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-225951 (URN)10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1377006 (DOI)001238772900001 ()38840947 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85195104524 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-06-12 Created: 2024-06-12 Last updated: 2024-06-12Bibliographically approved
Hadding, C., Semb, O., Lehti, A., Martin, F., Sandlund, M. & DeMarinis, V. (2023). Being in-between; exploring former cult members' experiences of an acculturation process using the cultural formulation interview (DSM-5). Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, Article ID 1142189.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Being in-between; exploring former cult members' experiences of an acculturation process using the cultural formulation interview (DSM-5)
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2023 (English)In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, E-ISSN 1664-0640, Vol. 14, article id 1142189Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Objective: To explore the experiences of acculturation into secular Swedish society of former members of cults, with particular focus on mental health, needs and resources.

Design: Qualitative method using the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) from the DSM-5 as an interview guide. Analysis of participants’ experiences of acculturation through systematic text condensation.

Participants: Eleven Swedish former members of ideological or religion-based cults.

Setting: Swedish mainstream, secular society.

Results: Former cult members experience an ‘in-between time’ in the period after leaving the cult and find themselves in a confusing, chaotic state. They describe having lived in an honor culture where acts of violence were normalized. In the cult, they felt disconnected from themselves, and post-cult they try to regain access to their own values and feelings as well as create new bonds with family members and friends outside the cult. They find it hard to talk about their cult background and find relief in communicating with other former cult members. In their post-cult life, they eventually start seeing the world in a brighter, more hopeful way than before. However, they are also at risk of re-experiencing cult-related traumatic events and of new traumatic experiences within the post-cult acculturation process, and of persistent psychological distress.

Conclusion: Former cult members face a challenging acculturation process, having lost a functioning worldview upon leaving the cult but not yet gained another to take its place. While the in-between time is often transient, they may need support from the healthcare system, especially regarding mental health concerns, while establishing themselves into mainstream society.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2023
Keywords
acculturation, coersive control, consultation, cult, cultural formulation
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-215230 (URN)10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1142189 (DOI)001074809100001 ()37779627 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85172988375 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-10-17 Created: 2023-10-17 Last updated: 2025-02-24Bibliographically approved
Mughal, R., DeMarinis, V., Nordendahl, M., Lone, H., Phillips, V. & Boyd-MacMillan, E. (2023). Public mental health approaches to online radicalisation: an empty systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(16), Article ID 6586.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Public mental health approaches to online radicalisation: an empty systematic review
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2023 (English)In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 20, no 16, article id 6586Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This systematic review seeks to position online radicalisation within whole system frameworks incorporating individual, family, community and wider structural influences whilst reporting evidence of public mental health approaches for individuals engaging in radical online content. Methods: the authors searched Medline (via Ovid), PsycInfo (via Ebscohost) and Web of Science (Core Collection) with the use of Boolean operators across “extremism”, “online content” and “intervention”. Results: Following full-text assessments, all retrieved papers were excluded. No publications fulfilled the primary objective of reporting public mental health interventions specifically addressing online radicalisation. However, six publications fulfilled the secondary objective of identifying theoretical and conceptual relationships amongst elements in the three inclusion criteria (online extremism, psychological outcomes and intervention strategy) that could inform interventions within public mental health frameworks. These publications were quality assessed and discussed following the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care guide for reporting empty reviews. Conclusions: there is an immediate need for further research in this field given the increase in different factions of radicalised beliefs resulting from online, particularly social media, usage.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2023
Keywords
online radicalisation, public mental health, radicalisation, social media
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-214047 (URN)10.3390/ijerph20166586 (DOI)2-s2.0-85168763075 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 959200
Available from: 2023-09-06 Created: 2023-09-06 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Hadding, C., Semb, O., Lehti, A., Fahlström, M., Sandlund, M. & DeMarinis, V. (2022). How can I trust someone who lives in the darkness?: former cult members’ perceptions of consultations with healthcare professionals. International journal of coercion, abuse, and manipulation, 4, 20-33
Open this publication in new window or tab >>How can I trust someone who lives in the darkness?: former cult members’ perceptions of consultations with healthcare professionals
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2022 (English)In: International journal of coercion, abuse, and manipulation, ISSN 2710-401X, Vol. 4, p. 20-33Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Objective: This study explores former cult members’ perceptions of consultations with healthcare professionals for mental illness that they relate to their cult involvement. The study also aims to identify the needs, obstacles, and facilitating factors related to these consultations.

Design: Qualitative methods using semi-structured interviews that were analyzed using systematic text condensation.

Participants: Nineteen former cult members who had been in contact with Swedish healthcare professionals due to mental illness related to their cult involvement.

Results: Former cult members remain affected by cult belief systems, rules, and ideations even after leaving a cult. This leads to ambivalence and inner conflict for the former cult member in a healthcare consultation. Care providers are perceived as ignoring cult experiences and lacking knowledge of a cult’s impact on an individual.

Conclusions: To understand, help, and work with former cult members, healthcare professionals need to know about cults and the possible impacts of cult involvement. Person- and patient-centeredness in the form of non-judgmental attitudes, validation of experiences, and awareness of the psychosocial situation are important in consultations with these patients. More over, healthcare providers need to acknowledge cultural and existential aspects of a former cult member’s life, both in the present and from earlier experiences in the cult.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
International Cultic Studies Association, 2022
Keywords
cult, former cult member, consultation, healthcare, person-centered
National Category
Other Medical Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-204431 (URN)10.54208/1000/0004/003 (DOI)
Available from: 2023-02-04 Created: 2023-02-04 Last updated: 2025-05-28Bibliographically approved
Frøkedal, H., Stifoss-Hanssen, H., DeMarinis, V., Ruud, T., Visser, A. & Sørensen, T. (2022). Participation in Existential Groups Led by Norwegian Healthcare Chaplains: Relations to Psychological Distress, Crisis of Meaning and Meaningfulness. The international journal for the psychology of religion, 32(1), 1-15
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Participation in Existential Groups Led by Norwegian Healthcare Chaplains: Relations to Psychological Distress, Crisis of Meaning and Meaningfulness
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2022 (English)In: The international journal for the psychology of religion, ISSN 1050-8619, E-ISSN 1532-7582, Vol. 32, no 1, p. 1-15Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Spirituality groups led by healthcare chaplains have been found to aid patients' recovery processes in US psychiatric units. In Norway, existential groups (EGs) led by healthcare chaplains and co-led by healthcare staff members are offered at psychiatric units; these groups share commonalities with spirituality groups, group psychotherapy, existential therapy and clinical pastoral care, facilitating patients' reflections regarding existential, spiritual and religious issues. The study aimed to examine associations between patients' participation and topics discussed in the EGs and their experiences of psychological distress, crisis of meaning and meaningfulness. A cross-sectional design was applied among 157 patients attending EGs led by healthcare chaplains across Norway. Multivariate regression analyses assessed the strength of possible associations, adjusted for relevant demographical variables. Significant association was found between lengthier EG participation and lower levels of psychological distress, while discussion topics concerning religious and spiritual issues were significantly associated with the experience of meaningfulness.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2022
National Category
Nursing Religious Studies Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-181839 (URN)10.1080/10508619.2020.1844966 (DOI)000628030100001 ()2-s2.0-85102486479 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-03-30 Created: 2021-03-30 Last updated: 2022-07-13Bibliographically approved
Çetrez, Ö. A., DeMarinis, V., Sundvall, M., Fernandez-Gonzalez, M., Borisova, L. & Titelman, D. (2021). A Public Mental Health Study Among Iraqi Refugees in Sweden: Social Determinants, Resilience, Gender, and Cultural Context. Frontiers in Sociology, 6, Article ID 551105.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Public Mental Health Study Among Iraqi Refugees in Sweden: Social Determinants, Resilience, Gender, and Cultural Context
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2021 (English)In: Frontiers in Sociology, E-ISSN 2297-7775, Vol. 6, article id 551105Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This public mental health study highlights the interactions among social determinants and resilience on mental health, PTSD and acculturation among Iraqi refugees in Sweden 2012-2013.

Objectives: The study aims to understand participants' health, resilience and acculturation, paying specific attention to gender differences.

Design: The study, using a convenience sampling survey design (N = 4010, 53.2% men), included measures on social determinants, general health, coping, CD-RISC, selected questions from the EMIC, PC-PTSD, and acculturation.

Results: Gender differences and reported differences between life experiences in Iraq and Sweden were strong. In Sweden, religious activity was more widespread among women, whereas activity reflecting religion and spirituality as a coping mechanism decreased significantly among men. A sense of belonging both to a Swedish and an Iraqi ethnic identity was frequent. Positive self-evaluation in personal and social areas and goals in life was strong. The strongest perceived source of social support was from parents and siblings, while support from authorities generally was perceived as low. Self-rated health was high and the incidence of PTSD was low. A clear majority identified multiple social determinants contributing to mental health problems. Social or situational and emotional or developmental explanations were the most common. In general, resilience (as measured with CD-RISC) was low, with women's scores lower than that of men.

Conclusions: Vulnerability manifested itself in unemployment after a long period in Sweden, weak social networks outside the family, unsupportive authorities, gender differences in acculturation, and women showing more mental health problems. Though low socially determined personal scores of resilience were found, we also identified a strong level of resilience, when using a culture-sensitive approach and appraising resilience as expressed in coping, meaning, and goals in life. Clinicians need to be aware of the risks of poorer mental health among refugees in general and women in particular, although mental health problems should not be presumed in the individual patient. Instead clinicians need to find ways of exploring the cultural and social worlds and needs of refugee patients. Authorities need to address the described post-migration problems and unmet needs of social support, together comprising the well-established area of the social determinants of health.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2021
Keywords
acculturation, Iraqi, mental health, perceptions of illness, refugees, resilience, social support, trauma
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-186338 (URN)10.3389/fsoc.2021.551105 (DOI)000679059900001 ()2-s2.0-85105937295 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2009-2179
Available from: 2021-07-22 Created: 2021-07-22 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
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