Umeå University's logo

umu.sePublications
Change search
Link to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Publications (10 of 124) Show all publications
Zarei, M., Wallstén, E., Grefve, J., Söderkvist, K., Gunnlaugsson, A., Sandgren, K., . . . Nyholm, T. (2024). Accuracy of gross tumour volume delineation with [68Ga]-PSMA-PET compared to histopathology for high-risk prostate cancer. Acta Oncologica, 63, 503-510
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Accuracy of gross tumour volume delineation with [68Ga]-PSMA-PET compared to histopathology for high-risk prostate cancer
Show others...
2024 (English)In: Acta Oncologica, ISSN 0284-186X, E-ISSN 1651-226X, Vol. 63, p. 503-510Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND: The delineation of intraprostatic lesions is vital for correct delivery of focal radiotherapy boost in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Errors in the delineation could translate into reduced tumour control and potentially increase the side effects. The purpose of this study is to compare PET-based delineation methods with histopathology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 15 patients with confirmed high-risk PC intended for prostatectomy. [68Ga]-PSMA-PET/MR was performed prior to surgery. Prostate lesions identified in histopathology were transferred to the in vivo [68Ga]-PSMA-PET/MR coordinate system. Four radiation oncologists manually delineated intraprostatic lesions based on PET data. Various semi-automatic segmentation methods were employed, including absolute and relative thresholds, adaptive threshold, and multi-level Otsu threshold.

RESULTS: The gross tumour volumes (GTVs) delineated by the oncologists showed a moderate level of interobserver agreement with Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.68. In comparison with histopathology, manual delineations exhibited the highest median DSC and the lowest false discovery rate (FDR) among all approaches. Among semi-automatic approaches, GTVs generated using standardized uptake value (SUV) thresholds above 4 (SUV > 4) demonstrated the highest median DSC (0.41), with 0.51 median lesion coverage ratio, FDR of 0.66 and the 95th percentile of the Hausdorff distance (HD95%) of 8.22 mm.

INTERPRETATION: Manual delineations showed a moderate level of interobserver agreement. Compared to histopathology, manual delineations and SUV > 4 exhibited the highest DSC and the lowest HD95% values. The methods that resulted in a high lesion coverage were associated with a large overestimation of the size of the lesions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden, 2024
National Category
Cancer and Oncology Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-227761 (URN)10.2340/1651-226X.2024.39041 (DOI)001258458500005 ()38912830 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85197008510 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Cancerforskningsfonden i NorrlandSwedish Cancer SocietyRegion Västerbotten
Available from: 2024-07-09 Created: 2024-07-09 Last updated: 2024-07-09Bibliographically approved
Grefve, J., Söderkvist, K., Gunnlaugsson, A., Sandgren, K., Jonsson, J., Keeratijarut Lindberg, A., . . . Nyholm, T. (2024). Histopathology-validated gross tumor volume delineations of intraprostatic lesions using PSMA-positron emission tomography/multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology, 31, Article ID 100633.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Histopathology-validated gross tumor volume delineations of intraprostatic lesions using PSMA-positron emission tomography/multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging
Show others...
2024 (English)In: Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology, E-ISSN 2405-6316, Vol. 31, article id 100633Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background and purpose: Dose escalation in external radiotherapy of prostate cancer shows promising results in terms of biochemical disease-free survival. Boost volume delineation guidelines are sparse which may cause high interobserver variability. The aim of this research was to characterize gross tumor volume (GTV) delineations based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and prostate specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) in relation to histopathology-validated Gleason grade 4 and 5 regions.

Material and methods: The study participants were examined with [68Ga]PSMA-PET/mpMRI prior to radical prostatectomy. Four radiation oncologists delineated GTVs in 15 study participants, on four different image types; T2-weighted (T2w), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) and PSMA-PET scans separately. The simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) algorithm was used to generate combined GTVs. GTVs were subsequently compared to histopathology. We analysed how Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and lesion coverage are affected by using single versus multiple image types as well as by adding a clinical target volume (CTV) margin.

Results: Median DSC (STAPLE) for different GTVs varied between 0.33 and 0.52. GTVPSMA-PET/mpMRI generated the highest median lesion coverage at 0.66. Combining different image types achieved similar lesion coverage as adding a CTV margin to contours from a single image type, while reducing non-malignant tissue inclusion within the target volume.

Conclusion: The combined use of mpMRI or PSMA-PET/mpMRI shows promise, achieving higher DSC and lesion coverage while minimizing non-malignant tissue inclusion, in comparison to the use of a single image type with an added CTV margin.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024
National Category
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging Cancer and Oncology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-229329 (URN)10.1016/j.phro.2024.100633 (DOI)001313678300001 ()2-s2.0-85202586079 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Cancer SocietyCancerforskningsfonden i NorrlandProstatacancerförbundetRegion Västerbotten
Available from: 2024-09-13 Created: 2024-09-13 Last updated: 2025-04-24Bibliographically approved
Josefsson, A., Jellvert, Å., Holmberg, E., Brasso, K., Meidahl Petersen, P., Aaltomaa, S., . . . Damber, J.-E. (2023). Effect of docetaxel added to bicalutamide in Hormone-Naïve non-metastatic prostate cancer with rising PSA, a randomized clinical trial (SPCG-14). Acta Oncologica, 62(4), 372-380
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effect of docetaxel added to bicalutamide in Hormone-Naïve non-metastatic prostate cancer with rising PSA, a randomized clinical trial (SPCG-14)
Show others...
2023 (English)In: Acta Oncologica, ISSN 0284-186X, E-ISSN 1651-226X, Vol. 62, no 4, p. 372-380Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Historically, endocrine therapy was used in a range of scenarios in patients with rising PSA, both as a treatment for locally advanced non-metastatic prostate cancer and PSA recurrence following curative intended therapy. In the present study the objective was to investigate if chemotherapy added to endocrine therapy could improve progression-free survival (PFS).

Materials and Methods: Patients with hormone-naïve, non-metastatic prostate cancer and rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA), enrolled from Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Finland, were randomized to long-term bicalutamide (150 mg daily) or plus docetaxel (75 mg/m2, q3w, 8–10 cycles) without prednisone, after stratification for the site, prior local therapy or not, and PSA doubling time. The primary endpoint was 5-year PFS analyzed with a stratified Cox proportional hazards regression model on intention to treat basis.

Results: Between 2009 and 2018, a total of 348 patients were randomized; 315 patients had PSA relapse after radical treatment, 33 patients had no prior local therapy. Median follow-up was 4.9 years (IQR 4.0–5.1). Adding docetaxel improved PFS (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.93; p = 0.015). Docetaxel showed an advantage for patients with PSA relapse after prior local therapy (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49–0.94; p = 0.019). One event of neutropenic infection/fever occurred in 27% of the patients receiving docetaxel. Limitations were slow recruitment, lack of enrolling patients without radical local treatment, and too short follow-up for evaluation of overall survival in patients with PSA relapse.

Conclusion: Docetaxel improved PFS in patients starting bicalutamide due to PSA relapse after local therapy or localized disease without local therapy. Confirmatory studies of the efficacy of docetaxel in the setting of PSA-only relapse in addition to endocrine therapies may be justified if longer follow-up will show increased metastatic-free survival.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2023
Keywords
bicalutamide, docetaxel, Prostate cancer, psa relapse, randomized clinical trial
National Category
Cancer and Oncology Clinical Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-207884 (URN)10.1080/0284186X.2023.2199940 (DOI)000971229600001 ()37073813 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85153790361 (Scopus ID)
Funder
ProstatacancerförbundetRegion Västra Götaland, ALFGBG-428341Region Västra Götaland, ALFGBG-7243Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
Available from: 2023-05-08 Created: 2023-05-08 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved
Sandgren, K., Strandberg, S., Jonsson, J., Grefve, J., Keeratijarut Lindberg, A., Nilsson, E., . . . Riklund, K. (2023). Histopathology-validated lesion detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer with mpMRI, [68Ga]PSMA-11-PET and [11C]Acetate-PET. Nuclear medicine communications, 44(11), 997-1004
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Histopathology-validated lesion detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer with mpMRI, [68Ga]PSMA-11-PET and [11C]Acetate-PET
Show others...
2023 (English)In: Nuclear medicine communications, ISSN 0143-3636, E-ISSN 1473-5628, Vol. 44, no 11, p. 997-1004Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Objective: PET/CT and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) are important diagnostic tools in clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC). The aim of this study was to compare csPC detection rates with [68Ga]PSMA-11-PET (PSMA)-PET, [11C] Acetate (ACE)-PET, and mpMRI with histopathology as reference, to identify the most suitable imaging modalities for subsequent hybrid imaging. An additional aim was to compare inter-reader variability to assess reproducibility.

Methods: During 2016–2019, all study participants were examined with PSMA-PET/mpMRI and ACE-PET/CT prior to radical prostatectomy. PSMA-PET, ACE-PET and mpMRI were evaluated separately by two observers, and were compared with histopathology-defined csPC. Statistical analyses included two-sided McNemar test and index of specific agreement.

Results: Fifty-five study participants were included, with 130 histopathological intraprostatic lesions >0.05 cc. Of these, 32% (42/130) were classified as csPC with ISUP grade ≥2 and volume >0.5 cc. PSMA-PET and mpMRI showed no difference in performance (P = 0.48), with mean csPC detection rate of 70% (29.5/42) and 74% (31/42), respectively, while with ACE-PET the mean csPC detection rate was 37% (15.5/42). Interobserver agreement was higher with PSMA-PET compared to mpMRI [79% (26/33) vs 67% (24/38)]. Including all detected lesions from each pair of observers, the detection rate increased to 90% (38/42) with mpMRI, and 79% (33/42) with PSMA-PET.

Conclusion: PSMA-PET and mpMRI showed high csPC detection rates and superior performance compared to ACE-PET. The interobserver agreement indicates higher reproducibility with PSMA-PET. The combined result of all observers in both PSMA-PET and mpMRI showed the highest detection rate, suggesting an added value of a hybrid imaging approach.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023
Keywords
acetate-PET, detection rate, intraprostatic lesion, multiparametric MRI, prostate cancer, PSMA-PET
National Category
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-216125 (URN)10.1097/MNM.0000000000001743 (DOI)001083841200009 ()37615497 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85174936230 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Cancer SocietyVästerbotten County Council
Available from: 2023-11-06 Created: 2023-11-06 Last updated: 2024-07-02Bibliographically approved
Björeland, U., Notstam, K., Fransson, P., Söderkvist, K., Beckman, L., Jonsson, J., . . . Thellenberg-Karlsson, C. (2023). Hyaluronic acid spacer in prostate cancer radiotherapy: dosimetric effects, spacer stability and long-term toxicity and PRO in a phase II study. Radiation Oncology, 18(1), Article ID 1.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Hyaluronic acid spacer in prostate cancer radiotherapy: dosimetric effects, spacer stability and long-term toxicity and PRO in a phase II study
Show others...
2023 (English)In: Radiation Oncology, E-ISSN 1748-717X, Vol. 18, no 1, article id 1Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND: Perirectal spacers may be beneficial to reduce rectal side effects from radiotherapy (RT). Here, we present the impact of a hyaluronic acid (HA) perirectal spacer on rectal dose as well as spacer stability, long-term gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity and patient-reported outcome (PRO).

METHODS: In this phase II study 81 patients with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer received transrectal injections with HA before external beam RT (78 Gy in 39 fractions). The HA spacer was evaluated with MRI four times; before (MR0) and after HA-injection (MR1), at the middle (MR2) and at the end (MR3) of RT. GI and GU toxicity was assessed by physician for up to five years according to the RTOG scale. PROs were collected using the Swedish National Prostate Cancer Registry and Prostate cancer symptom scale questionnaires.

RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in rectal V70% (54.6 Gy) and V90% (70.2 Gy) between MR0 and MR1, as well as between MR0 to MR2 and MR3. From MR1 to MR2/MR3, HA thickness decreased with 28%/32% and CTV-rectum space with 19%/17% in the middle level. The cumulative late grade ≥ 2 GI toxicity at 5 years was 5% and the proportion of PRO moderate or severe overall bowel problems at 5 years follow-up was 12%. Cumulative late grade ≥ 2 GU toxicity at 5 years was 12% and moderate or severe overall urinary problems at 5 years were 10%.

CONCLUSION: We show that the HA spacer reduced rectal dose and long-term toxicity.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BioMed Central (BMC), 2023
Keywords
Hyaluronic Acid, Prostate cancer, Radiotherapy, Rectal toxicity
National Category
Cancer and Oncology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-203799 (URN)10.1186/s13014-022-02197-x (DOI)000906713000001 ()36593460 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85145492354 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Region VästernorrlandCancerforskningsfonden i NorrlandVisare Norr
Available from: 2023-01-20 Created: 2023-01-20 Last updated: 2024-07-04Bibliographically approved
Järemo, H., Semenas, J., Halin Bergström, S., Lundholm, M., Thysell, E., Widmark, A., . . . Wikström, P. (2023). Investigating microRNA Profiles in Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases and Functional Effects of microRNA-23c and microRNA-4328. Cancers, 15(9), Article ID 2437.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Investigating microRNA Profiles in Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases and Functional Effects of microRNA-23c and microRNA-4328
Show others...
2023 (English)In: Cancers, ISSN 2072-6694, Vol. 15, no 9, article id 2437Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in prostate cancer (PC), but comprehensive knowledge about their levels and function in metastatic PC is lacking. Here, we explored the differential expression of miRNA profiles during PC progression to bone metastasis, and further focused on the downregulation of miRNA-23c and -4328 and their impact on PC growth in experimental models. Using microarray screening, the levels of 1510 miRNAs were compared between bone metastases (n = 14), localized PC (n = 7) and benign prostate tissue (n = 7). Differentially expressed miRNAs (n = 4 increased and n = 75 decreased, p < 0.05) were identified, of which miRNA-1, -23c, -143-3p, -143-5p, -145-3p, -205-5p, -221-3p, -222-3p and -4328 showed consistent downregulation during disease progression (benign > localized PC > bone metastases). The downregulation of miRNA-23c and -4328 was confirmed by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of 67 metastasis, 12 localized PC and 12 benign prostate tissue samples. The stable overexpression of miRNA-23c and -4328 in the 22Rv1 and PC-3 cell lines resulted in reduced PC cell growth in vitro, and in the secretion of high levels of miRNA-23c (but not -4328) in extracellular vesicles. However, no tumor suppressive effects were observed from miRNA-23c overexpression in PC-3 cells subcutaneously grown in mice. In conclusion, bone metastases display a profound reduction of miRNA levels compared to localized PC and benign disease. The downregulation of those miRNAs, including miRNA-23c and -4328, may lead to a loss of tumor suppressive effects and provide biomarker and therapeutic possibilities that deserve to be further explored.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2023
Keywords
blood vessels, bone metastasis, extracellular vesicles, microarray, microRNA-23c, microRNA-4328, proliferation, prostate cancer, proteomics
National Category
Cancer and Oncology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-209116 (URN)10.3390/cancers15092437 (DOI)000986796000001 ()2-s2.0-85159230526 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2022-00946Swedish Cancer Society, 21-1856Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, RB13-0119Cancerforskningsfonden i Norrland, AMP 21-1061Prostatacancerförbundet
Available from: 2023-06-07 Created: 2023-06-07 Last updated: 2023-10-23Bibliographically approved
Nilsson, E., Sandgren, K., Grefve, J., Jonsson, J., Axelsson, J., Keeratijarut Lindberg, A., . . . Nyholm, T. (2023). The grade of individual prostate cancer lesions predicted by magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. Communications Medicine, 3(1), Article ID 164.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The grade of individual prostate cancer lesions predicted by magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography
Show others...
2023 (English)In: Communications Medicine, E-ISSN 2730-664X, Vol. 3, no 1, article id 164Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) are widely used for the management of prostate cancer (PCa). However, how these modalities complement each other in PCa risk stratification is still largely unknown. We aim to provide insights into the potential of mpMRI and PET for PCa risk stratification.

Methods: We analyzed data from 55 consecutive patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen and biopsy-proven PCa enrolled in a prospective study between December 2016 and December 2019. [68Ga]PSMA-11 PET (PSMA-PET), [11C]Acetate PET (Acetate-PET) and mpMRI were co-registered with whole-mount histopathology. Lower- and higher-grade lesions were defined by International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade groups (IGG). We used PET and mpMRI data to differentiate between grades in two cases: IGG 3 vs. IGG 2 (case 1) and IGG ≥ 3 vs. IGG ≤ 2 (case 2). The performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results: We find that the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) for PSMA-PET achieves the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC), with AUCs of 0.72 (case 1) and 0.79 (case 2). Combining the volume transfer constant, apparent diffusion coefficient and T2-weighted images (each normalized to non-malignant prostatic tissue) results in AUCs of 0.70 (case 1) and 0.70 (case 2). Adding PSMA-SUVmax increases the AUCs by 0.09 (p < 0.01) and 0.12 (p < 0.01), respectively.

Conclusions: By co-registering whole-mount histopathology and in-vivo imaging we show that mpMRI and PET can distinguish between lower- and higher-grade prostate cancer, using partially discriminative cut-off values.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2023
National Category
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-224145 (URN)10.1038/s43856-023-00394-7 (DOI)001103117100002 ()37945817 (PubMedID)
Funder
Swedish Cancer Society, 21 1594 Pj
Available from: 2024-05-08 Created: 2024-05-08 Last updated: 2025-01-13Bibliographically approved
Thysell, E., Köhn, L., Semenas, J., Järemo, H., Freyhult, E., Lundholm, M., . . . Wikström, P. (2022). Clinical and biological relevance of the transcriptomic-based prostate cancer metastasis subtypes MetA-C. Molecular Oncology (4)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Clinical and biological relevance of the transcriptomic-based prostate cancer metastasis subtypes MetA-C
Show others...
2022 (English)In: Molecular Oncology, ISSN 1574-7891, E-ISSN 1878-0261, no 4Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

To improve treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, the biology of metastases needs to be understood. We recently described three subtypes of prostate cancer bone metastases (MetA-C), based on differential gene expression. The aim of this study was to verify the clinical relevance of these subtypes, and to explore their biology and relations to genetic drivers. Freshly-frozen metastasis samples were obtained as hormone-naive (n=17), short-term castrated (n=21) or castration resistant (n=65) from a total of 67 patients. Previously published sequencing data from 573 metastasis samples was also analyzed. Through transcriptome profiling and sample classification based on a set of predefined MetA-C-differentiating genes, we found that most metastases were heterogeneous for the MetA-C subtypes. Overall, MetA was the most common subtype, while MetB was significantly enriched in castration-resistant samples and in liver metastases, and consistently associated with poor prognosis. By gene set enrichment analysis, the phenotype of MetA was described by high androgen response, protein secretion and adipogenesis, MetB by high cell cycle activity and DNA repair, and MetC by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation. The MetB subtype demonstrated single-nucleotide variants of RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) and loss of 21 genes at chromosome 13, including RB1, but provided independent prognostic value to those genetic aberrations. In conclusion, a distinct set of gene transcripts can be used to classify prostate cancer metastases into the subtypes MetA-C. The MetA-C subtypes show diverse biology, organ tropism and prognosis. The MetA-C classification may be used independently, or in combination with genetic markers, primarily to identify MetB patients in need of complementary therapy to conventional androgen-receptor-targeting treatments.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2022
Keywords
MetA-C, Metastasis, Prognosis, Prostate cancer, Subtypes, Transcriptomic
National Category
Cancer and Oncology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-190463 (URN)10.1002/1878-0261.13158 (DOI)000734478400001 ()34889043 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85121666619 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-12-16 Created: 2021-12-16 Last updated: 2023-10-23Bibliographically approved
Wikström, P., Halin Bergström, S., Josefsson, A., Semenas, J., Nordstrand, A., Thysell, E., . . . Bergh, A. (2022). Epithelial and stromal characteristics of primary tumors predict the bone metastatic subtype of prostate cancer and patient survival after androgen-deprivation therapy. Cancers, 14(21), Article ID 5195.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Epithelial and stromal characteristics of primary tumors predict the bone metastatic subtype of prostate cancer and patient survival after androgen-deprivation therapy
Show others...
2022 (English)In: Cancers, ISSN 2072-6694, Vol. 14, no 21, article id 5195Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Prostate cancer (PC) bone metastases can be divided into transcriptomic subtypes, by us termed MetA-C. The MetB subtype, constituting about 20% of the cases, is characterized by high cell cycle activity, low androgen receptor (AR) activity, and a limited response to standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Complementary treatments should preferably be introduced early on if the risk of developing metastases of the MetB subtype is predicted to behigh. In this study, we therefore examined if the bone metastatic subtype and patient outcome after ADT could be predicted by immunohistochemical analysis of epithelial and stromal cell markers in primary tumor biopsies obtained at diagnosis (n = 98). In this advanced patient group, primary tumor International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade was not associated with outcome or metastasis subtype. In contrast, high tumor cell Ki67 labeling (proliferation) in combination with low tumor cell immunoreactivity for PSA, and a low fraction of AR positive stroma cells in the primary tumors were prognostic for poor survival after ADT. Accordingly, the same tissue markers were associated with developing metastases enriched for the aggressive MetB subtype. The development of the contrasting MetA subtype, showing the best response to ADT, could be predicted by the opposite staining pattern. We conclude that outcome after ADT and metastasis subtype can, at least to some extent, be predicted by analysis of primary tumor characteristics, such as tumor cell proliferation and PSA expression, and AR expression in stromal cells.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2022
Keywords
androgen receptor, bone metastases, ERG, Ki67, metastatic subtypes, PDGFRB, prostate cancer, PSA, SDF1, smooth muscle actin
National Category
Cancer and Oncology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-201227 (URN)10.3390/cancers14215195 (DOI)000880962300001 ()36358614 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85141664487 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, RB13-0119Swedish Cancer Society, 19 0053Swedish Cancer Society, 19 0054Swedish Cancer Society, 21 1856Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, KAW 2015.0114Swedish Research Council, 2018-02594Cancerforskningsfonden i Norrland, 22-2302Cancerforskningsfonden i Norrland, 21-2258
Available from: 2022-12-05 Created: 2022-12-05 Last updated: 2022-12-05Bibliographically approved
Bovinder Ylitalo, E., Thysell, E., Landfors, M., Brattsand, M., Jernberg, E., Crnalic, S., . . . Wikström, P. (2021). A novel DNA methylation signature is associated with androgen receptor activity and patient prognosis in bone metastatic prostate cancer. Clinical Epigenetics, 13(1), Article ID 133.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A novel DNA methylation signature is associated with androgen receptor activity and patient prognosis in bone metastatic prostate cancer
Show others...
2021 (English)In: Clinical Epigenetics, E-ISSN 1868-7083, Vol. 13, no 1, article id 133Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Patients with metastatic prostate cancer (PC) are treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) that initially reduces metastasis growth, but after some time lethal castration-resistant PC (CRPC) develops. A better understanding of the tumor biology in bone metastases is needed to guide further treatment developments. Subgroups of PC bone metastases based on transcriptome profiling have been previously identified by our research team, and specifically, heterogeneities related to androgen receptor (AR) activity have been described. Epigenetic alterations during PC progression remain elusive and this study aims to explore promoter gene methylation signatures in relation to gene expression and tumor AR activity.

Materials and methods: Genome-wide promoter-associated CpG methylation signatures of a total of 94 tumor samples, including paired non-malignant and malignant primary tumor areas originating from radical prostatectomy samples (n = 12), and bone metastasis samples of separate patients with hormone-naive (n = 14), short-term castrated (n = 4) or CRPC (n = 52) disease were analyzed using the Infinium Methylation EPIC arrays, along with gene expression analysis by Illumina Bead Chip arrays (n = 90). AR activity was defined from expression levels of genes associated with canonical AR activity.

Results: Integrated epigenome and transcriptome analysis identified pronounced hypermethylation in malignant compared to non-malignant areas of localized prostate tumors. Metastases showed an overall hypomethylation in relation to primary PC, including CpGs in the AR promoter accompanied with induction of AR mRNA levels. We identified a Methylation Classifier for Androgen receptor activity (MCA) signature, which separated metastases into two clusters (MCA positive/negative) related to tumor characteristics and patient prognosis. The MCA positive metastases showed low methylation levels of genes associated with canonical AR signaling and patients had a more favorable prognosis after ADT. In contrast, MCA negative patients had low AR activity associated with hypermethylation of AR-associated genes, and a worse prognosis after ADT.

Conclusions: A promoter methylation signature classifies PC bone metastases into two groups and predicts tumor AR activity and patient prognosis after ADT. The explanation for the methylation diversities observed during PC progression and their biological and clinical relevance need further exploration.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BioMed Central, 2021
Keywords
Androgen receptor, DNA methylation, Gene expression, MetA, Metastasis, MetB, MetC, Prognosis, Prostate cancer, Subtypes
National Category
Cancer and Oncology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185893 (URN)10.1186/s13148-021-01119-0 (DOI)000670704300001 ()34193246 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85109041809 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-07-12 Created: 2021-07-12 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved
Projects
Phase III randomized study of HYPO-fractionated Radiotherapy of Intermediate risk Localised Prostate cancer (HYPO-RT-PC), with local biopsy and biosampling study. [2014-07190_VR]; Umeå University
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-9845-055x

Search in DiVA

Show all publications