This study investigates animal health and animal care for cattle, sheep and horses on pastureland, also called natural pasture and cultivated pastureland, in Västerbottens County, Sweden. The results are compared with the Swedish animal care legislation, particularly in terms of the management for pastureland. The central question at issue is whether there is a connection between a fine pastureland out of nature conservation and a good animal health. The investigation is made in two parts. The first part is a field study, which was made at 10 sampled cattle herds with pastureland of high biological value. The information that was collected in the field study formed the basis of a questionnaire that was designed and sent to 280 herds with pastureland in Västerbottens County. Respondent frequency was 70 percent. The questionnaire contains the questions on animal health and animal care on pasturelands; pasture quality and management; animal production; and experience with different animals on pastureland. This study shows that animal health on pastureland is generally good. Yet cattle had a little higher sickness frequency than either sheep or horses. In many of the herds there was a lack of facilities on the pasture according to the Swedish animal care legislation. The greatest lack was the proximity of facilities for the care of sick or wounded animals and for the supervision of the animals on the pasture. Requirements for management of pastureland can lead to conditions for the animals that are not accepted from an animal-care point of view. Good animal health on pastureland requires a lot of knowledge about how to manage pastureland and the animals. Of great importance is the purpose of grazing; pastureland gives no optimal growth, rather it provides a possibility for good animal health and medium growth.