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Air-water exchange of brominated anisoles in the northern baltic sea
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. (Arcum ; EcoChange)
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. (Arcum)
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2293-7913
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2014 (English)In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 48, no 11, p. 6124-6132Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Bromophenols produced by marine algae undergo O-methylation to form bromoanisoles (BAs), which are exchanged between water and air. BAs were determined in surface water of the northern Baltic Sea (Gulf of Bothnia, consisting of Bothnian Bay and Bothnian Sea) during 2011-2013 and on a transect of the entire Baltic in September 2013. The abundance decreased in the following order: 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (2,4,6-TBA) > 2,4-dibromoanisole (2,4-DBA) ≫ 2,6-dibromoanisole (2,6-DBA). Concentrations of 2,4-DBA and 2,4,6-TBA in September were higher in the southern than in the northern Baltic and correlated well with the higher salinity in the south. This suggests south-to-north advection and dilution with fresh riverine water enroute, and/or lower production in the north. The abundance in air over the northern Baltic also decreased in the following order: 2,4,6-TBA > 2,4-DBA. However, 2,6-DBA was estimated as a lower limit due to breakthrough from polyurethane foam traps used for sampling. Water/air fugacity ratios ranged from 3.4 to 7.6 for 2,4-DBA and from 18 to 94 for 2,4,6-TBA, indicating net volatilization. Flux estimates using the two-film model suggested that volatilization removes 980-1360 kg of total BAs from Bothnian Bay (38000 km(2)) between May and September. The release of bromine from outgassing of BAs could be up to 4-6% of bromine fluxes from previously reported volatilization of bromomethanes and bromochloromethanes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2014. Vol. 48, no 11, p. 6124-6132
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Chemical Sciences
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URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90338DOI: 10.1021/es5007109ISI: 000336952000010PubMedID: 24811233Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84901911591OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-90338DiVA, id: diva2:727251
Available from: 2014-06-19 Created: 2014-06-19 Last updated: 2023-03-24Bibliographically approved

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Bidleman, Terry F.Andersson, AgnetaHaglund, PeterNygren, OlleRipszam, MatyasTysklind, Mats

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