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Introduction: HIV/AIDS prevention programs both globally and within the Middle East and Northern African (MENA) region have faced many obstacles. Research in this field is deficient in the MENA region. This study aims to explore the perspectives of those within the field of HIV/AIDS prevention in the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of Yemen on the challenges and facilitating factors of HIV/AIDS prevention programs.

Methods: A qualitative method was used utilizing an open-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on the different challenges and facilitating factors facing HIV programs and possible solutions from the perspectives of currently/past employees of HIV prevention programs. Employees of governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) involved in HIV/AIDS prevention in Sudan and Yemen were asked to participate in the study. The data was analyzed using open code software and a thematic analysis was employed.

Results: The study findings showed similarities between Sudan and Yemen and identified lack of financial support as the main obstacle in HIV/AIDS prevention. Stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV(PLWHIV) and the key population was also identified as a major obstacle in addition to political, religious, deficient data and surveillance systems in Sudan and Yemen. The presence of non-governmental organizations and civil society organizations (CSOs) in addition to increasing political awareness and support are the main facilitating factors of HIV/AIDS prevention in Yemen and Sudan.

Conclusion: Increased financial support of HIV/AIDS prevention programs in Yemen and Sudan are urgently needed. De-stigmatization interventions and increased political commitment of states towards HIV prevention to improve legislation and support civil society organizations are required to increase effectivity of HIV/AIDS prevention programs.