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In situ gamma-ray spectrometry for environmental monitoring: a semi empirical calibration method.
Umeå universitet, Medicinsk fakultet, Strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
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2006 (Engelska)Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry, ISSN 0144-8420, Vol. 121, nr 3, s. 310-316Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
2006. Vol. 121, nr 3, s. 310-316
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-16618DOI: doi:10.1093/rpd/ncl041PubMedID: 16632586Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-33846051814OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-16618DiVA, id: diva2:156291
Tillgänglig från: 2007-02-23 Skapad: 2007-02-23 Senast uppdaterad: 2023-03-24Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Improving accuracy of in situ gamma-ray spectrometry
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Improving accuracy of in situ gamma-ray spectrometry
2008 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Gamma-ray spectrometry measurements performed on site, or “in situ”, is a widely used and powerful method that can be employed both to identify and quantify ground deposited radionuclides. The purpose of this thesis is to improve the calibration of high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors for in situ measurements, and calculate the combined uncertainty and potential systematic effects.

An improved semi-empirical calibration method is presented, based on a novel expression for the intrinsic detector efficiency that includes both the energy and angular response of the detector. A three-layer model for the description of the depth distribution of the radionuclide and the soil density is proposed. The combined uncertainty of intrinsic detector efficiency calibrations and in situ measurements according to the proposed method was estimated. The uncertainty in the intrinsic detector efficiency was found to be 5.1 and 8.1% (coverage factor k=1, i.e. for a confidence interval of about 68%), for the two detectors calibrated. These numbers were, however, at a later stage reduced to 3.7 and 4.2%, using a revised expression for the intrinsic detector efficiency.

For in situ measurements, the combined standard uncertainty was found to be 15-20% (k=1), based on the original expression for the intrinsic detector efficiency. Monte Carlo models of the two detectors were created and Monte Carlo calculated values for intrinsic detector efficiency were compared with experimental data. As a discrepancy was found, a thorough investigation of the detector response was performed. Scanning of the detector surface with a collimated 59.5 keV photon beam revealed the detector response to be highly irregular over the detector surface. It was concluded that the efficiency deficit of the detector could most likely be attributed to an increase in dead layer thickness compared with manufacturer supplied data. The thickness of the dead layer was estimated to be 1.5-1.9 mm, whereas the nominal value was 0.7 mm. Radiographs of the detectors were produced that provided valuable information about the physical dimensions of the germanium crystal, as well as its actual location within the detector housing.

The Monte Carlo models were employed to calculate in situ measurement efficiencies for measurements of 137Cs deposition from the Chernobyl fallout. Results from the Monte Carlo simulations were compared both with the semi-empirical method and with soil sample data, and satisfactory agreement was confirmed. It was then proceeded to employ the Monte Carlo model to calculate the effect on in situ measurement results by two influencing parameters: ground curvature and activity in trees. Neither of these parameters was found to influence the result by more than about 25%. This deviation is comparable with the measurement uncertainty, and should not deter from measurements in such terrain.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Umeå: Radiofysik, 2008. s. 47
Serie
Umeå University medical dissertations, ISSN 0346-6612 ; 1201
Nyckelord
gamma-ray spectrometry, in situ measurement, HPGe detector, 137Cs, Monte Carlo, efficiency calibration, measurement uncertainty
Nationell ämneskategori
Radiologi och bildbehandling
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1805 (URN)978-91-7264-621-6 (ISBN)
Disputation
2008-09-19, sal 244, by 7, NUS, Umeå, 09:00 (Engelska)
Opponent
Tillgänglig från: 2008-09-03 Skapad: 2008-09-03 Senast uppdaterad: 2010-01-22Bibliografiskt granskad

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