The article suggests a general SOA framework for virtual learning environments, based on the VWE learning-object taxonomy. The SOA framework suggests five basic services for implementation of modular virtual learning environments. The SOA framework was implemented in two prototypes using two different approaches: a Java-RMI-based implementation that was compared to a Web-service-based (SOAP) implementation by using the VWE learning-object taxonomy and the VWE SOA framework. The prototypes showed that a level of modularity, similar to the level of modularity of learning objects, could be achieved for the virtual learning environment as well through the inclusion in the same conceptual space. The comparison of the prototypes showed that the Web service approach was preferred in favor of the Java-RMI approach. This was mainly due to platform neutrality and the use of the HTTP protocol.