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Mutation analysis of the MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 genes in patients with double primary cancers of the colorectum and the endometrium: a population-based study in northern Sweden
Umeå universitet, Medicinsk fakultet, Medicinsk biovetenskap, Medicinsk och klinisk genetik.
Umeå universitet, Medicinsk fakultet, Strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
Umeå universitet, Medicinsk fakultet, Strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
Vise andre og tillknytning
2004 (engelsk)Inngår i: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 109, nr 3, s. 370-376Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes to predominantly colorectal and endometrial cancers due to germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes, mainly MLH1, MSH2 and in families with excess endometrial cancer also MSH6. In this population-based study, we analysed the mutation spectrum of the MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 genes in a cohort of patients with microsatellite unstable double primary tumours of the colorectum and the endometrium by PCR, DHPLC and sequencing. Fourteen of the 23 patients (61%) had sequence variants in MLH1, MSH2 or MSH6 that likely affect the protein function. A majority (10/14) of the mutations was found among probands diagnosed before age 50. Five of the mutations (36%) were located in MLH1, 3 (21%) in MSH2 and 6 (43%) in MSH6. MSH6 seem to have larger impact in our population than in other populations, due to a founder effect since all of the MSH6 families originate from the same geographical area. MSH6 mutation carriers have later age of onset of both colorectal cancer (62 vs. 51 years) and endometrial cancer (58 vs. 48 years) and a larger proportion of endometrial cancer than MLH1 or MSH2 mutation carriers. We can conclude that patients with microsatellite unstable double primary cancers of the colorectum and the endometrium have a very high risk of carrying a mutation not only in MLH1 or MSH2 but also in MSH6, especially if they get their first cancer diagnosis before the age of 50. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
2004. Vol. 109, nr 3, s. 370-376
Emneord [en]
HNPCC, DHPLC, double primary tumours, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, population based, mismatch repair genes
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-15020DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11718PubMedID: 14961575Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-1342309591OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-15020DiVA, id: diva2:154692
Tilgjengelig fra: 2007-09-13 Laget: 2007-09-13 Sist oppdatert: 2023-03-24bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Genetic and epidemiological studies of hereditary colorectal cancer
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Genetic and epidemiological studies of hereditary colorectal cancer
2005 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Lynch syndrome (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer, HNPCC) is the most common hereditary syndrome predisposing to colorectal cancer, accounting for 1-3% of all colorectal cancer. This multi-organ cancer predisposition syndrome is caused by mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes, especially MLH1 and MSH2, and to lesser extents MSH6 and PMS2, which lead to widespread genetic instability and thus microsatellite instability (MSI). Hereditary cancer often manifests in two or more tumours in a single individual; 35-40% of Lynch syndrome patients have synchronous or metachronous tumours of the two major Lynch syndrome-related cancers: colorectal and endometrial.

The main purposes of the work underlying this thesis were to identify persons at risk of Lynch syndrome or other types of hereditary colorectal cancer, to estimate the cancer risks associated with these predispositions and to identify the underlying genetic causes.

A population-based cohort of 78 persons with double primary colorectal or colorectal and endometrial cancer was identified. Cancer risks in their 649 first-degree relatives were estimated in relation to tumour MSI status (positive or negative) and age at diagnosis (before or after 50 years of age) in the probands. The overall standardised incidence ratio was 1.69 (95% CI; 1.39-2.03). The highest risks for Lynch syndrome-associated cancers: (colorectal, endometrial, ovarian and gastric) were found in families with young MSI-positive probands, likely representing Lynch syndrome families. Importantly, no overall risk was found in families with old probands, irrespective of MSI status.

Blood samples were available from 24 MSI-positive patients for mutation screening of MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6. Sequence variants or rearrangements predicted to affect protein function were found in 16 patients. Six novel variants were found: two large rearrangements, two truncating and two missense mutations. The missense mutations were found to segregate in the families. Studies of allele frequencies, MSI and loss of immunostaning in tumours from family members further supports the hypothesis that these missense changes play a role in Lynch syndrome, as do the non-conservative nature and evolutionary conservation of the amino acid exchanges. Five families had mutations in MLH1, five in MSH2, and six in MSH6. The unexpectedly large impact of MSH6 was in genealogical studies shown to be due to a founder effect. Cumulative risk studies showed that the MSH6 families, despite their late age of onset, have a high lifetime risk for all Lynch syndrome-related cancers, significantly higher in women (89% by age 80 years) than in men (69%). The gender differences are in part due to high endometrial (70%) and ovarian cancer risk (33%) in addition to the high colorectal cancer risk (60%). These findings are of great importance for counselling and surveillance of families with MSH6 mutations.

Finally, in a large family with MSI-negative hereditary colorectal cancer for which the MMR genes and APC had been excluded as possible causes, a genome-wide linkage analysis was performed, resulting in a suggested linkage to chromosome 7.

Conclusions: Relatives of probands with MSI-positive, double primary colorectal and endometrial cancer diagnosed before the age of 50 years have significantly increased risks of Lynch syndrome-related cancers. MSH6 mutations, which have unusually high impact in this study population due to a founder effect, confer high cumulative risks of cancer despite the generally late age of onset.

Publisher
s. 86
Serie
Umeå University medical dissertations, ISSN 0346-6612 ; 980
Emneord
Genetics, Lynch syndrome, HNPCC, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, cancer risk, MSI, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, genome-wide scan, Genetik
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
medicinsk genetik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-615 (URN)91-7305-937-4 (ISBN)
Disputas
2005-11-18, Betula, 6M, Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå, 09:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2005-10-19 Laget: 2005-10-19 Sist oppdatert: 2018-01-13bibliografisk kontrollert

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