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Influence of phosphorus on alkali distribution during combustion of logging residues and wheat straw in a bench-scale fluidized bed
Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Engn Sci & Math, SE-97187 Lulea, Sweden.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Energy Technology and Thermal Process Chemistry.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5777-9241
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Energy Technology and Thermal Process Chemistry. (ETPC)
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Energy Technology and Thermal Process Chemistry. (ETPC)
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2012 (English)In: Energy & Fuels, ISSN 0887-0624, E-ISSN 1520-5029, Vol. 26, no 5, p. 3012-3023Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The influence of phosphorus on the alkali distribution in fluidized (quartz) bed combustion using two different typical biomasses (logging residues and wheat straw) was studied. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was used as an additive. The produced ash fractions were analyzed for morphology and elemental composition by scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and crystalline phases by powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD). For both fuel assortments tested, a reduction of volatilized deposit and fine particle-forming matter, containing mainly KCl, was achieved by adding phosphorus. For the wheat straw, this effect was considerable at medium and high phosphorus addition. As a consequence, an increased amount of potassium was found in the coarse ash particle fractions, principally as CaKPO4, KMgPO4, and CaK2P2O7, at the same time that the levels of HCl and SO2 in the flue gases increased. Generally, the addition of phosphorus to the studied biomasses changed the alkali distribution from being dominated by amorphous K-silicate coarse ash fractions and fine particulate KCl, to a system dominated by crystalline coarse ash of K-Ca/Mg-phosphates and fine particulate K2SO4. This implies that the fouling and high-temperature corrosion observed in industrial-scale combustion of problematic biofuels can possibly be reduced by employing additives rich in reactive phosphorus, on the condition that the higher concentrations of acidic gases can be tolerated. In order to achieve these effects, the relationship between alkali and alkaline-earth metals (i.e., (K + Na)/(Ca + Mg)) in the overall fuel ash must be considered. With respect to this, the formation of low-temperature-melting alkali-rich phosphates should not be promoted, to avoid potential increases in bed agglomeration tendencies and phosphorus release from the bed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2012. Vol. 26, no 5, p. 3012-3023
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-56220DOI: 10.1021/ef300275eISI: 000304073000055Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84861697749OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-56220DiVA, id: diva2:532873
Available from: 2012-06-12 Created: 2012-06-12 Last updated: 2023-03-23Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Ash chemistry and fuel design focusing on combustion of phosphorus-rich biomass
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ash chemistry and fuel design focusing on combustion of phosphorus-rich biomass
2014 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Biomass is increasingly used as a feedstock in global energy production. This may present operational challenges in energy conversion processes which are related to the inorganic content of these biomasses. As a larger variety of biomass is used the need for a basic understanding of ash transformation reactions becomes increasingly important. This is not only to reduce operational problems but also to facilitate the use of ash as a nutrient source for new biomass production.

Ash transformation reactions were examined in the present work using the Lewis acid-base concept. The model presented in Paper I was further extended and discussed, including the definition of tertiary ash transformation reactions as reaction steps where negatively charged molecular ions, Lewis bases, other than hydroxides are present in the reactants. The effect of such reactions for bonding of various metal ions, Lewis acids, were discussed. It was found that the formation of various phosphates through secondary and tertiary ash transformation reactions is important for the behaviour of biomass ash in combustion. The suggested model was supported by findings in Papers II-VIII.

The experimental findings in Papers II-VIII were discussed in terms of ash transformation reactions. The fuel design choices made to investigate the effect of phosphorus in particular on ash transformation reactions were high-lighted. Addition of phosphoric acid to woody-type and agricultural biomasses showed that phosphate formation has a large influence on the speciation of Si, S, and Cl. Co-combustion of a problematic agricultural residue with other biomasses showed that the relation between phosphorus, alkali and alkaline earth metal content is important. Co-combustion of biosolids with wheat straw was shown to greatly improve the combustion properties of wheat straw.

It was suggested that fuel analyses should be presented using molar concentration (mole/kg) in diagrams based on ash transformation reactions and elements forming Lewis acids or bases. This may facilitate the assessment of the combustion behaviour of a fuel. Some comments were made on fuel design and additives, specifically pointing out that phosphorus content should always be carefully considered in relation to alkali and alkaline earth metals in fuels and fuel blends.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Umeå: Umeå universitet, 2014. p. 50
Keywords
phosphorus, biomass, combustion, ash chemistry, fuel design, ash transformation, phosphorus-rich, ash-forming elements, fuel fingerprint, ash transformation reactions, Lewis base, Lewis acid
National Category
Inorganic Chemistry Energy Engineering
Research subject
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-88505 (URN)978-91-7601-070-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2014-06-05, N430, Naturvetarhuset, Umeå universitet, Umeå, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Bio4Energy
Available from: 2014-05-15 Created: 2014-05-08 Last updated: 2018-06-07Bibliographically approved

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Skoglund, NilsBoström, DanBoman, Christoffer

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