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Quaternary ammonium-functionalized silica sorbents for the solid-phase extraction of aromatic amines under normal phase conditions
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. (Technical Chemistry)
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2013 (English)In: Journal of Chromatography A, ISSN 0021-9673, E-ISSN 1873-3778, Vol. 1285, p. 7-14Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Quaternary ammonium-functionalized silica materials were synthesized and applied for solid-phase extraction (SPE) of aromatic amines, which are classified as priority pollutants by US Environmental Protection Agency. Hexamethylenetetramine used for silica surface modification for the first time was employed as SPE sorbent under normal phase conditions. Hexaminium-functionalized silica demonstrated excellent extraction efficiencies for o-toluidine, 4-ethylaniline and quinoline (recoveries 101-107%), while for N,N-dimethylaniline and N-isopropylaniline recoveries were from low to moderate (14-46%). In addition, the suitability of 1-alkyl-3-(propyl-3-sulfonate) imidazolium-functionalized silica as SPE sorbent was tested under normal phase conditions. The recoveries achieved for the five aromatic amines ranged from 89 to 99%. The stability of the sorbent was evaluated during and after 150 extractions. Coefficients of variation between 4.5 and 10.2% proved a high stability of the synthesized sorbent.

Elution was carried out using acetonitrile in the case of hexaminium-functionalized silica and water for 1-alkyl-3-(propyl-3-sulfonate) imidazolium-functionalized silica sorbent.After the extraction the analytes were separated and detected by liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection (LC-UV). The retention mechanism of the materials was primarily based on polar hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. Comparison made with activated silica provedthe quaternary ammonium-functionalized materials to offer different selectivity and better extraction efficiencies for aromatic amines. Finally, 1-alkyl-3-(propyl-3-sulfonate) imidazolium-functionalized silica sorbent was successfully tested for the extraction of wastewater and soil samples.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2013. Vol. 1285, p. 7-14
Keywords [en]
solid-phase extraction, hexamethylenetetramine, ionic liquid-functionalized silica, imidazolium, zwitterionic, aromatic amines
National Category
Analytical Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-65789DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.003ISI: 000317167400002PubMedID: 23473515Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84874995587OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-65789DiVA, id: diva2:604580
Available from: 2013-02-11 Created: 2013-02-11 Last updated: 2023-03-23Bibliographically approved

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Mikkola, Jyri-Pekka

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