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The Stimulus-Dependent Gradient of Cyp26B1+ Olfactory Sensory Neurons Is Necessary for the Functional Integrity of the Olfactory Sensory Map
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Science and Technology).
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Science and Technology).
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
2015 (English)In: Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, E-ISSN 1529-2401, Vol. 35, no 40, p. 13807-13818Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Stimulus-dependent expression of the retinoic acid-inactivating enzyme Cyp26B1 in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) forms a dorsomedial (DM)-ventrolateral (VL) gradient in the mouse olfactory epithelium. The gradient correlates spatially with different rates of OSN turnover, as well as the functional organization of the olfactory sensory map, into overlapping zones of OSNs that express different odorant receptors (ORs). Here, we analyze transgenic mice that, instead of a stimulus-dependent Cyp26B1 gradient, have constitutive Cyp26B1 levels in all OSNs. Starting postnatally, OSN differentiation is decreased and progenitor proliferation is increased. Initially, these effects are selective to the VL-most zone and correlate with reduced ATF5 expression and accumulation of OSNs that do not express ORs. Transcription factor ATF5 is known to stabilize OR gene choice via onset of the stimulus-transducing enzyme adenylyl cyclase type 3. During further postnatal development of Cyp26B1 mice, an anomalous DMhigh-VLlow expression gradient of adenylyl cyclase type 3 appears, which coincides with altered OR frequencies and OR zones. All OR zones expand ventrolaterally except for the VL-most zone, which contracts. The expansion results in an increased zonal overlap that is also evident in the innervation pattern of OSN axon terminals in olfactory bulbs. These findings together identify a mechanism by which postnatal sensory-stimulated vitamin A metabolism modifies the generation of spatially specified neurons and their precise topographic connectivity. The distributed patterns of vitamin A-metabolizing enzymes in the nervous system suggest the possibility that the mechanism may also regulate neuroplasticity in circuits other than the olfactory sensory map.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2015. Vol. 35, no 40, p. 13807-13818
Keywords [en]
activity dependent, odorant receptors, olfactory sensory neurons, retinoic acid, sensory map, vitamin A
National Category
Cell and Molecular Biology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-112309DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2247-15.2015ISI: 000366050900024PubMedID: 26446231Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84944081193OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-112309DiVA, id: diva2:877118
Available from: 2015-12-04 Created: 2015-12-04 Last updated: 2023-03-24Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Vitamin A regulated neuronal regeneration and homeostasis
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Vitamin A regulated neuronal regeneration and homeostasis
2019 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Vitamin A-reglerad homeostas och regeneration av neuroner
Abstract [en]

The olfactory epithelium is a dynamic tissue maintained by continuous neurogenesis throughout life. Upon injury, neurons and other olfactory cell types are regenerated through proliferation of horizontal stem cells. Some genes that regulate vitamin A metabolism are spatially expressed in the olfactory epithelium. Retinoic acid is a vitamin A derivate, a key regulator of proliferation and stem cell activity. Retinoic acid is generated and inactivated by enzymes with opposing expression patterns which create local variations in retinoic acid levels in the olfactory epithelium. The overall aim of this thesis is to elucidate functional relationships between retinoic acid metabolism and the regulation of temporal and spatial features of normal tissue homeostasis and regeneration of neurons within the olfactory epithelium.

I have studied the association between the activity-dependent retinoic acid inactivating enzyme CYP26B1 and neurogenesis.  During doubled stimulation by odorants and air flow the level of CYP26B1 was further induced in olfactory sensory neurons and proliferation of progenitor/stem cells was increased. In the absence of stimuli, CYP26B1 expression was reduced and proliferation decreased. Stimuli-independent transgenic over-expression of CYP26B1 resul-ted in increased proliferation, which was compared to acute intranasal admini-stration of retinoic acid that reduced the number of proliferating cells.

The region of the olfactory epithelium with low CYP26B1 and high levels of retinoic acid synthesizing enzymes had the greatest level of proliferation and regenerated efficiently after chemical induced injury. Furthermore, neurons in this region differentiated surprisingly fast. In the region with high CYP26B1 and low levels of retinoic acid synthesizing enzymes the proliferation rate was low and the regeneration after injury was incomplete. Together these results indicate that retinoic acid within the olfactory epithelial stem cell niche regulates local differences in functional neuronal diversity, neurogenesis, and generative capacity of olfactory epithelial progenitor/stem cells.

My research has revealed that ageing as well as constitutive transgenic over-expression of CYP26B1 activated dormant horizontal basal stem cells in the olfactory epithelium in an injury like manner. Continuous stem cell activation by constitutive CYP26B1 expression, repeated injuries or old age results in the appearance of epithelial patches devoid of normal olfactory epithelial cells, containing metaplastic respiratory cells. The respiratory patches either contained ciliated cells or a previously unidentified columnar secretory cell type.  Moreover, we investigated whether increased proliferation of stem cells affected their regenerative potential over time. Repeated injury-repair cycles maximized the number of stem cell division, which decreased their potential to regenerate olfactory epithelial cells. Together these results indicate a premature exhaustion of the stem cell niche upon reduced levels of retinoic acid, repeated injury induced regeneration, and ageing.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Umeå: Umeå universitet, 2019. p. 47
Series
Doctoral thesis / Umeå University, Department of Molecular Biology
Keywords
Activity dependent, Adult stem cells, Ageing, CYP26B1, Homeostasis, Metaplasia, Neurogenesis, Olfactory epithelium, Regeneration, Respiratory epithelium, Retinoic acid, Sensory map, Vitamin A
National Category
Biological Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162076 (URN)978-91-7855-103-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2019-09-06, A103, Byggnad 6A, Norrlands universitetssjukhus, Umeå, 09:00 (English)
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Note

I publikationen felaktigt ISSN: 0346-6612

Available from: 2019-08-16 Created: 2019-08-13 Last updated: 2019-10-22Bibliographically approved

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Login, HandeHåglin, SofiaBerghard, AnnaBohm, Staffan

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