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9-(2 '-Deoxy-2 '-Fluoro-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl) Adenine Is a Potent Antitrypanosomal Adenosine Analogue That Circumvents Transport-Related Drug Resistance
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
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2017 (English)In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, ISSN 0066-4804, E-ISSN 1098-6596, Vol. 61, no 6, article id e02719-16Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Current chemotherapy against African sleeping sickness, a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, is limited by toxicity, inefficacy, and drug resistance. Nucleoside analogues have been successfully used to cure T. brucei-infected mice, but they have the limitation of mainly being taken up by the P2 nucleoside transporter, which, when mutated, is a common cause of multidrug resistance in T. brucei. We report here that adenine arabinoside (Ara-A) and the newly tested drug 9-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl) adenine (FANA-A) are instead taken up by the P1 nucleoside transporter, which is not associated with drug resistance. Like Ara-A, FANA-A was found to be resistant to cleavage by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, an enzyme that protects T. brucei against the antitrypanosomal effects of deoxyadenosine. Another important factor behind the selectivity of nucleoside analogues is how well they are phosphorylated within the cell. We found that the T. brucei adenosine kinase had a higher catalytic efficiency with FANA-A than the mammalian enzyme, and T. brucei cells treated with FANA-A accumulated high levels of FANA-A triphosphate, which even surpassed the level of ATP and led to cell cycle arrest, inhibition of DNA synthesis, and the accumulation of DNA breaks. FANA-A inhibited nucleic acid biosynthesis and parasite proliferation with 50% effective concentrations (EC(50)s) in the low nanomolar range, whereas mammalian cell proliferation was inhibited in the micromolar range. Both Ara-A and FANA-A, in combination with deoxycoformycin, cured T. brucei-infected mice, but FANA-A did so at a dose 100 times lower than that of Ara-A.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Society for Microbiology , 2017. Vol. 61, no 6, article id e02719-16
Keywords [en]
9-(2 '-deoxy-2 '-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl) adenine, FANA-A, Trypanosoma brucei, adenosine kinase, drug resistance, methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, nucleoside transporters, trypanosome
National Category
Microbiology in the medical area Pharmacology and Toxicology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137649DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02719-16ISI: 000403783400052Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85019689163OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-137649DiVA, id: diva2:1127719
Available from: 2017-07-18 Created: 2017-07-18 Last updated: 2023-03-24Bibliographically approved

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Ranjbarian, FarahnazVodnala, MunenderHofer, Anders

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