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Obesity is today one of the largest and fastest growing public health problems in large parts of the world and it is classified as a chronic disease in an increasing number of countries. For those who suffer from obesity, there is a great risk of getting other related physical and mental sequelae and the risk of dying prematurely increases significantly. The disease is complex and is caused and perpetuated by many interacting factors such as biological, psychological, and contextual nature. CBT, or elements of CBT, is today used as an important and evidence-based part of combined lifestyle treatment to provide support in the implementation of behavioral changes. It is of extra interest to find out what effect the treatment can have since the need in society is vast and CBT is a relatively resource-intensive treatment. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the effect of CBT on weight loss. Out of 98 potentially relevant studies, nine were found to meet all the inclusion criteria.  The results show that CBT in combination with a calorie restriction results in weight loss at the end of treatment. However, weight loss is not always that big and follow-up measurements show that weight gain is common. The results are in line with research on combined lifestyle treatment. More research is needed, especially on interventions to maintain weight loss.