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Cleaning of PFAS and metals from the leachate at Degermyran's landfill, Skellefteå

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of PFAS in the leachate water from Degermyrans landfill in Skellefteå and find and compare various techniques for remediation. Additionally some metals were examined but they were not the main focus. PFAS is a collection of synthetic chemicals that can be detrimental to health and environment. Degermyran has high concentrations of these chemicals and since Degermyran is in the process of expanding PFAS will most likely have to be reduced to attain permission. A literature study was conducted to identify goal concentrations for different PFAS and metals. Calculations of leachate water amount and substance concentrations were made and compared to the literature to identify which substances needed to be reduced and by how much. 

The techniques surveyed for reduction of PFAS were compared through the factors: short-chain removal, technology readiness level, general deficiencies, leachate water amount compatibility and costs. The conclusions drawn were that granulated active carbon (GAK) and ion exchange combined or foam fractionation and ion exchange combined would give the highest reduction of PFAS with the least amount of complications. Phytoremediation could be an alternative if combined with GAK but its cost and reduction-level can be unpredictable. Ozonation is not a good option due to high costs, varying effectiveness and operational complications. Membrane filtration is incredibly effective for reduction, but it has many operational difficulties and can be very expensive. Two possible techniques were identified for metal reduction, both were relevant options for Degermyran.