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Locus coeruleus promotes survival of dopamine neurons in ventral mesencephalon: An in oculo grafting study
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för integrativ medicinsk biologi (IMB), Histologi med cellbiologi.
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för integrativ medicinsk biologi (IMB), Histologi med cellbiologi.
2009 (Engelska)Ingår i: Experimental Neurology, ISSN 0014-4886, E-ISSN 1090-2430, Vol. 216, nr 1, s. 158-165Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder where dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra of ventral mesencephalon undergo degeneration. In addition to the loss of dopamine neurons, noradrenaline neurons in the locus coeruleus degenerate, actually to a higher extent than the dopamine neurons. The interaction between these two nuclei is yet not fully known, hence this study was undertaken to investigate the role of locus coeruleus during development of dopamine neurons utilizing the intraocular grafting model. Fetal ventral mesencephalon and locus coeruleus were implanted either as single grafts or co-grafts, placed in direct contact or at a distance. The results revealed that the direct attachment of locus coeruleus to ventral mesencephalon enhanced graft volume and number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in ventral mesencephalic grafts. Cell counts of subpopulations of TH-positive neurons also immunoreactive for aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-A1 (ALDH1) or calbindin, revealed improved survival of ALDH1/TH-positive neurons. However, the number of calbindin/TH-positive neurons was not affected. High density of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH)-positive innervation in the ventral mesencephalon placed adjacent to locus coeruleus was correlated to the improved survival. Ventral mesencephalic tissue, implanted at a distance to locus coeruleus, did not demonstrate improved survival, although DBH-positive nerve fibers were detected. In conclusion, the direct contact of locus coeruleus resulting in dense noradrenergic innervation of ventral mesencephalon is beneficial for the survival of ventral mesencephalic grafts. Thus, when trying to rescue dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease, improving the noradrenergic input to the substantia nigra might be worth considering.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
2009. Vol. 216, nr 1, s. 158-165
Nationell ämneskategori
Neurologi
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-19403DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.11.029PubMedID: 19150447Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-59749106683OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-19403DiVA, id: diva2:201779
Tillgänglig från: 2009-03-05 Skapad: 2009-03-05 Senast uppdaterad: 2023-03-23Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Dopamine neurons in ventral mesencephalon: interactions with glia and locus coeruleus
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Dopamine neurons in ventral mesencephalon: interactions with glia and locus coeruleus
2008 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a depletion of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The cause of the disease is yet unknown but age, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are some of the features involved in the degeneration. In addition, substantial cell death of noradrenergic neurons occurs in the locus coeruleus (LC). Noradrenaline has been suggested to protect the dopamine neurons from oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The main treatment of Parkinson’s disease is Levo-dopa, although severe side effects arise from this therapy. Hence, grafting fetal ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue into the adult striatum has been evaluated as an alternative treatment for Parkinsons’s disease. However, the survival of the grafted neurons is limited, and the dopamine-denervated striatum does not become fully reinnervated. Therefore, elucidating factors that enhance dopamine nerve fiber formation and/or survival of the grafted neurons is of utmost importance.

To investigate dopamine nerve fiber formation and the interactions with glial cells, organotypic VM tissue cultures were utilized. Two morphologically different nerve fiber outgrowths from the tissue slice were observed. Nerve fibers were initially formed in the absence of migrating astrocytes, although thin vimentin-positive astrocytic processes were detected within the same area. A second, persistent nerve fiber outgrowth was observed associated with migrating astrocytes. Hence, both of these nerve fiber outgrowths were to some extent dependent on astrocytes, and appeared as a general feature since this phenomenon was demonstrated in β-tubulin, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and aldehyde dehydrogenase A1 (ALDH1)-positive nerve fibers. Neither oligodendrocytes (NG2-positive cells), nor microglia (Iba-1-positive cells) exerted any effect on these two neuronal growths. Since astrocytes appeared to influence the nerve fiber formation, the role of proteoglycans, i.e. extracellular matrix molecules produced by astrocytes, was investigated. β-xyloside was added to the cultures to inhibit proteoglycan synthesis. The results revealed a hampered astrocytic migration and proliferation, as well as a reduction of the glia-associated TH-positive nerve fiber outgrowth. Interestingly, the number of cultures displaying the non-glia-mediated TH-positive nerve fibers increased after β-xyloside treatment, although the amount of TH-protein was not altered. Thus, proteoglycans produced by astrocytes appeared to be important in affecting the dopamine nerve fiber formation.

The noradrenaline neurons in LC have been suggested to protect dopamine neurons from damage. Therefore, the interaction between VM and LC was evaluated. Using the intraocular grafting method, fetal VM and LC were grafted either as single grafts or as VM+LC co-grafts. Additionally, the recipient animals received 2% blueberry-enriched diet. The direct contact of LC promoted graft volume and survival of TH-positive neurons in the VM grafts. The number of dopamine neurons, derived preferably from the A9 (ALDH1/TH-positive) was increased, whereas the dopamine neurons from the A10 (calbindin/TH-positive) were not affected. A dense dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH)-positive innervation was correlated to the improved survival. Blueberry-enriched diet enhanced the number of TH-positive neurons in VM, although the graft size was not altered. The combination of blueberries and the presence of LC did not yield additive effects on the survival of VM grafts. The attachment of VM or the addition of blueberries did not affect the survival of TH-positive neurons in LC grafts. The number of Iba-1-positive microglia was decreased in co-grafted VM compared to single VM transplants. The addition of blueberries reduced the number of Iba-1-positive microglia in single VM transplants. Hence, the direct contact of LC or the addition of blueberries enhanced the survival of VM grafts.

Taken together, these data demonstrate novel findings regarding the importance of astrocytes for the nerve fiber formation of dopamine neurons. Further, both the direct attachment of LC or antioxidant-enriched diet promote the survival of fetal VM grafts, while LC is not affected.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Umeå: Integrativ medicinsk biologi, 2008. s. 68
Serie
Umeå University medical dissertations, ISSN 0346-6612 ; 1181
Nyckelord
Parkinson’s disease, ventral mesencephalon, nerve fiber formation, glia, locus coeruleus, grafting, antioxidant-enriched diet
Nationell ämneskategori
Cell- och molekylärbiologi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1667 (URN)978-91-7264-573-8 (ISBN)
Disputation
2008-06-05, BiA201, Biologihuset, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, 09:00 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Tillgänglig från: 2008-05-20 Skapad: 2008-05-20 Senast uppdaterad: 2018-01-13Bibliografiskt granskad

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