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Adaptive evolution of the Populus tremula photoperiod pathway
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC). (Evolutionary Ecology)
Program in Evolutionary Functional Genomics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC). (Evolutionary Ecology)
2011 (English)In: Molecular Ecology, ISSN 0962-1083, E-ISSN 1365-294X, Vol. 20, no 7, p. 1463-1474Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Environmental cues entrain the circadian clock, a core component of the photoperiod pathway in plants, to daily and seasonal changes. The circadian clock mediates input signals from light and temperature receptors to downstream target genes through feedback loops. Several studies have shown that a correct timing of the circadian system is a fitness advantage and genes in photoperiod network have been implied to evolve in response to the diversifying selection in heterogeneous environment. In an attempt to quantify the extent of the historical patterns of selection on genes in the photoperiod pathway in the widely distributed tree species European aspen (Populus tremula) we obtained sequences for twenty-five of the genes in the network and these genes were compared to patterns of nucleotide diversity in 77 randomly chosen genes from across the genome of P. tremula. We found a significant reduction in synonymous diversity in photoperiod genes while non-synonymous diversity was in line with data from control genes. A substantial fraction of the genes show signs of selection, with eight genes showing signs of rapid protein evolution. In contrast to our expectations, genes closely associated with the core circadian clock show rapid protein evolution despite their central position in the pathway. Furthermore, selection on non-synonymous mutations is negatively correlated with synonymous diversity across all genes, indicating the action of recurrent selective sweeps.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2011. Vol. 20, no 7, p. 1463-1474
Keywords [en]
recurrent hitch-hiking, selection, populus, natural selection, sweep
National Category
Other Biological Topics Genetics
Research subject
Genetics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30355DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05014.xScopus ID: 2-s2.0-79953043079OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-30355DiVA, id: diva2:281809
Available from: 2009-12-17 Created: 2009-12-17 Last updated: 2023-03-24Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Tracing selection and adaptation along an environmental gradient in Populus tremula
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tracing selection and adaptation along an environmental gradient in Populus tremula
2009 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The distribution of the expressed genotype is moved around in the population over time byevolution. Natural selection is one of the forces that act on the phenotype to change the patterns ofnucleotide variation underlying those distributions. How the phenotype changes over aheterogeneous environment describes the type of evolutionary force acting on this trait and thisshould be reflected in the variation at loci underlying this trait. While the variation in phenotypesand at the nucleotide level in a population indicates the same evolutionary force, it does notnecessarily mean that they are connected. In natural populations the continuous shifting of geneticmaterial through recombination events break down possible associations between loci facilitates theexamination of possible causal loci to single base pair differences in DNA-sequences. Connecting thegenotype and the phenotype thus provides an important step in the understanding the geneticarchitecture of complex traits and the forces that shape the observed patterns.This thesis examines the European aspen, Populus tremula, sampled from subpopulations overan extensive latitudinal gradient covering most of Sweden. Results show a clear geneticdifferentiation in the timing of bud set, a measure of the autumnal cessation of growth, betweendifferent parts of Sweden pointing at local adaptation. In the search for candidate genes thatunderlie the local adaptation found, most genes (25) in the photoperiodic gene network wereexamined for signals of selection. Genes in the photoperiodic network show an increase in theheterogeneity of differentiation between sampled subpopulations in Sweden. Almost half (12) of theexamined genes are under some form of selection. Eight of these genes show positive directionalselection on protein evolution and the gene that code for a photoreceptor, responsible for mediatingchanging light conditions to downstream targets in the network, has the hallmarks of a selectivesweep. The negative correlation between positive directional selection and synonymous diversityindicates that the majority of the photoperiod gene network has undergone recurrent selectivesweeps. A phenomenon that likely has occurred when P. tremula has readapted to the northern lightregimes during population expansion following retracting ice between periods of glaciations. Two ofthe genes under selection also have single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that associate with budset, two in the PHYB2 gene and one in the LHY2 gene. Furthermore, there is an additional SNP inLHY1 that explain part of the variation in timing of bud set, despite the lack of a signal of selection atthe LHY1 gene. Together these SNPs explain 10-15% of the variation in the timing of bud set and 20-30% more if accounting for the positive co-variances between SNPs. There is thus rather extensiveevidence that genes in the photoperiod gene network control the timing of bud set, and reflect localadaptation in this trait.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Umeå: Institutionen för Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, Umeå universitet, 2009. p. 42
Keywords
Local adaptation, Selection, genetic differentiation, QST, FST, Association study, frequency spectra, recurrent hitchhiking, selective sweep, Tree, Populus, natural selection, quantitative genetics
National Category
Ecology
Research subject
Population Biology; Genetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30123 (URN)978-91-7264-907-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2010-01-16, Stora Hörsalen KBC, KB3B1, Umeå Universitet, KBC, Linnaeus väg 6, Umeå, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2009-12-17 Created: 2009-12-07 Last updated: 2018-06-08Bibliographically approved

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Hall, DavidIngvarsson, Pär K

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