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Den kritiska gästen: en professionsstudie om skolkuratorer
Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8474-5821
2016 (Swedish)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)Alternative title
The Critical Guest. School social wokers as professionals (English)
Abstract [en]

The aim of this thesis is to examine the professional role of school social workers in Sweden from the perspective of profession theory, with particular focus on legitimacy, jurisdiction and discretion. The aim has been divided into four research questions, which are examined in four separate studies:

  1. How has the school social work profession emerged and developed?
  2. How do school social workers experience boundaries to their professional discretion?
  3. How are theories of social work practice applied in school social work?
  4. How do school social workers and teachers perceive their cooperation with regard to the wellbeing of pupils?

The general area of interest concerns professionals operating in organizations where they are the sole representatives of their profession. In addition, these professionals typically have a peripheral position in relation to the core professions in the organization.

The four different studies build on empirical material from qualitative interviews with school social workers and teachers, and also from policy and regulatory documents. The theoretical framework guiding the analysis draws on theories from the sociology of professions (Abbott, 1988) and about human service organizations (Hasenfeld, 1983, 2010).

A key finding is that school social worker has a specific technology based on well-established practice theories in social work, where a systems approach appears as the most prominent. Although, it was possible to discern such practice theories from the interviews, the school social workers did not explicitly give reference to them and generally struggled to describe their practice in a professional language.

A second key finding result is the lack of clarity with regards to the school social worker’s role. This is evidenced in regulatory documents, as well as among social workers themselves and teachers. In theory, this provides school social workers with a high degree of discretion. However, due to legitimacy problems they feel limited in performing their work unless they can rely on support from other sources such strong support from headmasters.

A third key finding is that the cooperation with teachers is all-important to school social workers. They spend a considerable proportion of their time working with teachers rather than pupils, not the least by providing informal consultations to teachers.  On a rhetoric level, teachers agree with social workers about the value and need of school social work. However, they tend to disagree about the role of school social work when they talk about concrete practice.

As an overall conclusion the school social worker appears as a critical guest, drawing on a professional foundation in social work theory that contributes uniquely to pupil health care. This distinguishes the school social workers’ role from other professionals in the school setting.

The findings in this thesis indicate the need for both education and research in the discipline of social work to start paying attention to social work in schools and other settings where social workers represents a minority occupation peripheral to the host organisation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Umeå: Umeå universitet , 2016. , p. 83
Series
Studier i socialt arbete vid Umeå universitet : avhandlings- och skriftserie, ISSN 0283-300X ; 82
Series
Umeå Studies in the Educational Sciences ; 8
Keywords [en]
social work, school social work, legitimacy, jurisdiction, discretion, practice theory
National Category
Social Work
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118900ISBN: 978-91-7601-341-0 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-118900DiVA, id: diva2:917362
Public defence
2016-04-29, Hörsal C, Samhällsvetarhuset, Umeå universitet, UMEÅ, 10:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2016-04-08 Created: 2016-04-06 Last updated: 2018-06-07Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Skolkuratorsyrkets framväxt och utveckling i Sverige
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Skolkuratorsyrkets framväxt och utveckling i Sverige
2012 (Swedish)In: Socionomen, ISSN 0283-1929, Vol. 32, no 6, p. 24-33Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Akademikerförbundet SSR, 2012
National Category
Social Work History of Ideas Educational Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-67705 (URN)
Available from: 2013-03-27 Created: 2013-03-27 Last updated: 2018-06-08Bibliographically approved
2. Skolkuratorers handlingsutrymme: gränser, legitimitet och jurisdiktion
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Skolkuratorers handlingsutrymme: gränser, legitimitet och jurisdiktion
2014 (Swedish)In: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift, ISSN 1104-1420, E-ISSN 2003-5624, Vol. 21, no 1, p. 47-66Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [sv]

Skolkuratorers handlingsutrymme förhandlas fram på en arena som domineras av utbildningsverksamhet och där skolkuratorn ofta ensam företräder sin yrkesgrupp och sitt uppdrag. Artikeln visar att skolkuratorernas uppdrag är vagt formulerat och hur handlingsutrymmet är beroende av både formella och informella resurser. 

Keywords
professioner, socialt arbete, samarbete
National Category
Social Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118887 (URN)
Available from: 2016-04-06 Created: 2016-04-06 Last updated: 2022-05-10Bibliographically approved
3. Looking for 'social work' in school social work
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Looking for 'social work' in school social work
2017 (English)In: European Journal of Social Work, ISSN 1369-1457, E-ISSN 1468-2664, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 191-202Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

School social workers can be seen as a professional group operating on the margin of an educational logic that dominates schools as institutions. This conditions what tasks they are assigned and what aspects of social work knowledge they will find relevant. On the other hand, the role as a sole professional and relative outsider in the organization provides a potential for school social workers to transcend established theories of social work practice. This article aims to investigate how social work theory is applied in school social work. Twelve semi-structured interviews with school social workers were analysed in terms of how they relate to four knowledge approaches derived from the literature: task-centred, systems theory, strengths and anti-oppressive. Contrary to claims within the sociology of professions that social work practice is formed largely by organizational context rather than a discipline-specific knowledge base, the interviewees seemed to lean on a robust professional foundation within social work theory. Interviewees strongly emphasised their role as working for the individual pupil and positioned themselves as somewhat in opposition to a somewhat oppressive school environment.

Abstract [sv]

Skolkuratorer är en professionell grupp som har en perifer position i förhållande till skolan, som domineras av en pedagogisk logik. Detta påverkar vilka specifika arbetsuppgifter och aspekter av socialt arbete som blir relevanta för den skolkurativa praktiken. Samtidigt erbjuds denna grupp av socialarbetare genom sin perifera roll möjligheter att överskrida och utveckla etablerade former och teorier för vad som utgör det sociala arbetets praktik. Syftet med artikeln är att undersöka hur teorier i socialt arbete tillämpas i den skolkurativa praktiken. Tolv semistrukturerade intervjuer med skolkuratorer analyserades med utgångspunkt i fyra centrala perspektiv inom socialt arbete: uppgiftscentrerat, systemteoretiskt, empowerment och antiförtryckande. I motsats till vad som framförts i professionssociologiska studier, där det hävdas att det sociala arbetets praktik formas av den organisatoriska kontexten snarare än av en disciplinspecifik kunskapsbas, föreföll intervjupersonerna i sin praktik primärt förhålla sig till en robust kunskapsbas hämtad från teoribildning i socialt arbete. Intervjupersonerna framhöll vidare hur deras arbete präglades av ett barnperspektiv, vilket gjorde att de i viss utsträckning positionerade sig i opposition till en skola som delvis uppfattades som förtryckande. Dock var de inte benägna att kritiskt reflektera över sin egen potentiella roll i denna förtryckande kontext.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2017
Keywords
social work, school social work, counselling, practice theory, knowledge use, Socialt arbete, skolkuratorer, skola, elevhälsoarbete, kunskapsanvändning, praktikteori, evidensbaserad praktik
National Category
Social Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118888 (URN)10.1080/13691457.2016.1188775 (DOI)000395162500005 ()2-s2.0-84976262179 (Scopus ID)
Note

Title in swedish: Skolkuratorers användande av teorier i socialt arbete

Available from: 2016-04-06 Created: 2016-04-06 Last updated: 2023-03-24Bibliographically approved
4. Jurisdiction in school social workers’ and teachers’ work for pupils’ well-being
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Jurisdiction in school social workers’ and teachers’ work for pupils’ well-being
2017 (English)In: Education Inquiry, E-ISSN 2000-4508, Vol. 8, no 3, p. 246-261Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article describes how school social workers and teachers perceive their cooperation with each other with regard to pupils’ well-being in Swedish schools. A total of 23 qualitative interviews were conducted with a strategic sample of teachers and school social workers. The analysis of the interview data was based on Andrew Abbott’s theory of the system of professions, and the cooperation and boundary work of the two professional groups are discussed in terms of jurisdictional conflicts and “cultural machinery”. The analysis shows that on a general level both school social workers and teachers seem to agree about the need for school social work, but tensions and diverging views were uncovered when investigating the cultural machinery in their daily work. This study shows how both of these professional groups protect the boundaries of their own jurisdictions, but also how these boundaries are relaxed when social workers and teachers jointly try to solve everyday problems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2017
Keywords
cultural machinery, school social work, workplace assimilation, pupil health care
National Category
Social Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118891 (URN)10.1080/20004508.2017.1318028 (DOI)2-s2.0-85057207836 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2016-04-06 Created: 2016-04-06 Last updated: 2023-03-24Bibliographically approved

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