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  • 1. Arshadi, Mehrdad
    et al.
    Sellstedt, Anita
    Unit of Biomass Technology and Chemistry / BTK, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden.
    Production of energy from biomass2008Ingår i: Introduction to chemicals from biomass / [ed] James H. Clark with Fabien E.I. Deswarte, John Wiley & Sons, 2008, s. 143-178Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
  • 2. Beijer, Kristina
    et al.
    Bjorlenius, Berndt
    Shaik, Siraz
    Lindberg, Richard H.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Brunstrom, Bjorn
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Removal of pharmaceuticals and unspecified contaminants in sewage treatment effluents by activated carbon filtration and ozonation: Evaluation using biomarker responses and chemical analysis2017Ingår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 176, s. 342-351Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Traces of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and other chemicals are demonstrated in effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) and they may affect quality of surface water and eventually drinking water. Treatment of effluents with granular activated carbon (GAC) or ozone to improve removal of APIs and other contaminants was evaluated at two Swedish STPs, Kappala and Uppsala (88 and 103 APIs analyzed). Biomarker responses in rainbow trout exposed to regular and additionally treated effluents were determined. GAC and ozone treatment removed 87-95% of the total concentrations of APIs detected. In Kappala, GAC removed 20 and ozonation (7 g O-3/m(3)) 21 of 24 APIs detected in regular effluent. In Uppsala, GAC removed 25 and ozonation (5.4 g O-3/m(3)) 15 of 25 APIs detected in effluent. GAC and ozonation also reduced biomarker responses caused by unidentified pollutants in STP effluent water. Elevated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in gills was observed in fish exposed to effluent in both STPs. Gene expression analysis carried out in Kappala showed increased concentrations of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A5 and CYP1C3) transcripts in gills and of CYP1As in liver of fish exposed to effluent. In fish exposed to GAC- or ozone-treated effluent water, gill EROD activity and expression of CYP1As and CYP1C3 in gills and liver were generally equal to or below levels in fish held in tap water. The joint application of chemical analysis and sensitive biomarkers proved useful for evaluating contaminant removal in STPs with new technologies.

  • 3.
    Bentzen, Armand
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Frisk: Showcasing Design Opportunities in a World of Change2014Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Three global trends are about to greatly influence the world we live in; collaborate consumption, a strong environmental awareness and a third industrial revolution that includes 3D printing, advanced robotics and open source software. This project is addressing these changes in order to evoke new enthusiasm for cars among the general public and again be a creative and positive driving force in our modern society.

    The proposal is illustrated through a halo car for a local car sharing fleet targeted at the Norwegian market. The car seeks to create immediate attention through dynamic design elements as well as long lasting enthusiasm through non-compromised usability.

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  • 4. Buss, Wolfram
    et al.
    Jansson, Stina
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Mašek, Ondřej
    Unexplored potential of novel biochar-ash composites for use as organo-mineral fertilizers2019Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 208, s. 960-967Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Application of wood ash on forest and agricultural soils can provide nutrients and increase soil pH, however, it changes the soil chemistry rapidly and temporarily, often resulting in reduced plant growth and potassium leaching. Biochar from woody materials are nutrient poor and need nutrient enhancement prior to soil application. In this study, spruce residues were mixed with spruce/pine ash in different ratios (0–50%) to produce biochar-ash composites at 450 °C. The biochar yield (ash-free basis) increased by 80–90% with the addition of 50% ash due to catalytic biochar formation. Consequently, nearly half the amount of wood is needed to produce the same amount of (ash-free) biochar. Mineral release was moderated in the composites compared to pure ash, demonstrated by a lower electric conductivity and % available K content (a factor of 2.5–4.4 lower than in wood ash). Furthermore, the % available chromium content, which is a key potentially toxic element in wood ash, decreased by a factor of 50–160. Soil application of biochar-ash composites decreases the risk of Cr toxicity, salinity stress and leaching of K in soil substantially compared to ash application. Biochar-ash composites are a novel product with vast unexplored potential for use in forestry and agriculture.

  • 5.
    Cutas, Daniela
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier.
    Munthe, Christian
    University of Gothenburg, Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science.
    Legal imperialism in the regulation of stem cell research and therapy: the problem of extraterritorial jurisdiction2010Ingår i: Contested Cells: Global Perspectives on the Stem Cell Debates / [ed] B. Capps and A. Campbell, Singapore and London: World Scientific and Imperial College Press , 2010Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
  • 6. Davidsson, A.
    et al.
    Kjerstadius, H.
    Haghighatafshar, S.
    Fick, Jerker
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Olsson, M.
    Wachtmeister, H.
    Eriksson, E.
    Jansen, J. la Cour
    Effect of anaerobic digestion at 35, 55 and 60 degrees C on pharmaceuticals and organic contaminants2014Ingår i: Water Science and Technology, ISSN 0273-1223, E-ISSN 1996-9732, Vol. 69, nr 6, s. 1282-1288Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The application of treated sewage sludge on farmland is a suggested method for recycling nutrients and reducing demand for commercial fertilizer. However, sludge needs to be safe from possible contaminants which can cause acute and long-term health and environmental problems. Residual pharmaceuticals and organic contaminants are mentioned as emerging threats since wastewater treatment plants are not designed to degrade these substances. The aim of this study was to screen and evaluate the presence, and reduction, of pharmaceuticals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during anaerobic digestion of mixed primary and waste-activated sludge at 35, 55 and 60 degrees C and during pasteurization at 70 degrees C. The study showed the difficulty of analysing pharmaceutical compounds in low concentrations in the sludge matrix. No general reduction of these compounds was seen during treatment, but for individual substances some reduction occured. The PAHs were generally not reduced during digestion or pasteurization, but for three substances (indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyreneand dibenzo[a,h] anthracene (analysed together) and benzo [g,h,i] perylene) reduction (up to 60%) during digestion was seen. Digestion at 35 and 55 degrees C resulted in about the same order of reduction of the three individual PAHs, which was higher than for digestion at 60 degrees C.

  • 7.
    Ekman, Simon
    et al.
    Umeå universitet. Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
    dos Reis, Glaydson Simoes
    Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
    Laisné, Ewen
    Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; IMT Mines Albi-Carmaux, Albi, France.
    Thivet, Julie
    Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
    Grimm, Alejandro
    Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
    Lima, Eder Claudio
    Federal University of Rio Grand do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
    Naushad, Mu.
    Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    Dotto, Guilherme Luiz
    Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, RS, Santa Maria, Brazil.
    Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Biochar: Efficient Removal of Reactive Orange 16 Dye and Colorful Effluents2023Ingår i: Nanomaterials, E-ISSN 2079-4991, Vol. 13, nr 14, artikel-id 2045Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, nitrogen-doped porous biochars were synthesized from spruce bark waste using a facile single-step synthesis process, with H3PO4 as the chemical activator. The effect of nitrogen doping on the carbon material’s physicochemical properties and adsorption ability to adsorb the Reactive Orange 16 dye and treat synthetic effluents containing dyes were evaluated. N doping did not cause an important impact on the specific surface area values, but it did cause an increase in the microporosity (from 19% to 54% of micropores). The effect of the pH showed that the RO-16 reached its highest removal level in acidic conditions. The kinetic and equilibrium data were best fitted by the Elovich and Redlich–Peterson models, respectively. The adsorption capacities of the non-doped and doped carbon materials were 100.6 and 173.9 mg g−1, respectively. Since the biochars are highly porous, pore filling was the main adsorption mechanism, but other mechanisms such as electrostatic, hydrogen bond, Lewis acid-base, and π-π between mechanisms were also involved in the removal of RO-16 using SB-N-Biochar. The adsorbent biochar materials were used to treat synthetic wastewater containing dyes and other compounds and removal efficiencies of up to 66% were obtained. The regeneration tests have demonstrated that the nitrogen-doped biochar could be recycled and reused easily, maintaining very good adsorption performance even after five cycles. This work has demonstrated that N-doped biochar is easy to prepare and can be employed as an efficient adsorbent for dye removal, helping to open up new solutions for developing sustainable and effective adsorption processes to tackle water contamination.

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  • 8. Faleye, A. C.
    et al.
    Adegoke, A. A.
    Ramluckan, K.
    Fick, Jerker
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Bux, F.
    Stenstrom, T. A.
    Concentration and reduction of antibiotic residues in selected wastewater treatment plants and receiving waterbodies in Durban, South Africa2019Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 678, s. 10-20Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa the incidence of resistant tuberculosis, upper respiratory tract diseases as well as diarrhoeal and parasitic infections is high. Treatment of these diseases with antibiotics is partly reflected by the excretion of the respective antibiotics and their subsequent occurrence in wastewater. Their quantitative reduction in wastewater treatment reflects their potential environmental as well as human impact, the latter due to the use of the recipient water for domestic purposes and for irrigation. Information of the occurrence and reduction of different classes of antibiotics in wastewater treatment is sparse, especially the particle bound fraction of these. Due to this, analyses of aqueous and particle bound antibiotics in untreated wastewater of four selected wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their receiving water bodies was carried out in Durban, South Africa. The treatment step especially considered was the biological one, represented by activated sludge and trickling filters. The treatment further included secondary clarifiers and final chlorine disinfection. Composite samples were collected during the period February 2017 to May 2017 and analysed with online solid phase extraction - high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-MS). For the 13 assessed antibiotics, the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.07 to 0.33 ng L-1 and 0.23 to 1.09 ng L-1 respectively, while the total percentage recovery was in the range of 51 to 111%. The percentage of individual antibiotics bound to the particulate fraction normally lost by sample (influent) filtration, if not analysed in parallel, was in the range of 2.6%-97.3% (n = 32). In this fraction (sludge from centrifuge sample), the concentration of bound antibiotics of all the target antibiotics were detected in the influent of all WWTP in concentration ranges between 1.3 ng L-1 (Azithromycin; AZI) to 81,748 ng(-1) (Ciprofloxacin; CIP). The antibiotics with the highest median concentrations in receiving water bodies of the respective WWTP were: Sulfamethoxazole; SUL (239 ng L-1) WWTP "K", Ciprofloxacin; CIP (708 ng L-1) WWTP "S" and Albendazole; ALB (325 ng L-1 and 683 ng L-1) WWTP "P" and "I" respectively.

    The overall percentage removal efficiency for the four WWTPs ranged from 21% to 100%. The biological treatment steps, activated sludge and trickling filters, were effective in removing antibiotics especially with the trickling filter and the impact of the sedimentation stage after activated sludge treatment. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 9.
    Fedorova, Ganna
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
    Grabic, Roman
    Nyhlen, Jonas
    Järhult, Josef D.
    Söderström, Hanna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Fate of three anti-influenza drugs during ozonation of wastewater effluents: degradation and formation of transformation products2016Ingår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 150, s. 723-730Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Anti-influenza drugs constitute a key component of pandemic preparedness plans against influenza. However, the occurrence of such drugs in water environments, the potential of resistance development in the natural hosts, and the risk for transmission of antiviral resistance to humans call for measures to increase removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, removal of three anti-influenza drugs; amantadine (AM), oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) and zanamivir (ZA), and formation/removal of their transformation products during ozonation of wastewater effluents from two Swedish WWTPs in Uppsala and Stockholm were studied. The removal profile of target antivirals and formation/removal of their transformation products were studied by liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. 3.5 h of ozone exposure (total dose of ozone 5.95 g) led to complete removal of the three anti-influenza drugs with a degradation in the following order ZA > OC > AM. Two, five and one transformation products were identified and semi-quantified for AM, OC and ZA, respectively. Increasing and later decreasing transformation products concentration followed the decrease in concentration of target compounds. All transformation products detected, except one of AM in wastewater from Stockholm WWTP, were removed at the end of the experiment. The removal efficiency was higher for all studied compounds in wastewater from Uppsala WWTP, which had lower TOC and COD values, less phosphorus, and also higher pH in the water. Ozonation thus offers multiple benefits through its potential to degrade influenza antivirals, hence decrease the risk of environmental resistance development, in addition to degrading other pharmaceuticals and resistant microorganisms.

  • 10.
    Fei, Xiaowen
    et al.
    Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för fysiologisk botanik. Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC).
    Yang, Jinghao
    Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China.
    Deng, Xiaodong
    Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China.
    An Fe deficiency responsive element with a core sequence of TGGCA regulates the expression of FEA1 in Chlamydomonas reinharditii2009Ingår i: Journal of biochemistry, ISSN 1756-2651, Vol. 146, nr 2, s. 157-166Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Iron is essential to the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas, but the molecular mechanism for response to iron deficiency remains largely unknown. In previous studies, we have identified FOX1 and ATX1 FEREs (Fe deficiency-responsive elements) as important regulation components of iron response in this organism. Here we present another iron regulated gene FEA1, which promoter was analysed by using a 5'-and 3'-end deletion and a scanning mutagenesis assay. The results reveal that the co-existence of -273/-188 and -118/-49 regions from transcriptional start site of FEA1 were sufficient and necessary for Fe deficiency-induced expression. Further deletion analysis indicates both -273/-253 and -103/-85 regions are essential for inducible expression. The scanning mutagenesis analysis of these regions identifies two cis-acting elements: the FeaFeRE1 at -273/-259 (CTGCGGTGGCAAAGT) and FeaFeRE2 at -106/-85 (CCGCCGCNNNTGGCACCAGCCT). Sequence comparison of FeaFeRE1 and FeaFeRE2 reveals a core sequence of TGGCA, which had been found in our previously reported Fe-deficiency-inducible gene ATX1. Moreover, we show that the promoter region of several genes, including FRE1, IRT1, ISCA, ZRT1, ZRT5, NRAMP2 and COPT1, also contains this core sequence, suggesting that at least two classes FeRE elements exist in Clamydomonas, one in FEA1 and ATX1 and others the second in FOX1, FEA2, MTP4, NRAMP3 and RBOL1.

  • 11.
    Ferro, Lorenza
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Hu, Yue O. O.
    Gentili, Francesco G.
    Andersson, Anders F.
    Funk, Christiane
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    DNA metabarcoding reveals microbial community dynamics in a microalgae-based municipal wastewater treatment open photobioreactor2020Ingår i: Algal Research, ISSN 2211-9264, Vol. 51, artikel-id 102043Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Controlling the growth of desired algal strains in microalgal-based wastewater treatment systems is challenging, and understanding the dynamics and interactions in the system is vital for proper management. A pilot-scale open photobioreactor located in Northern Sweden, was inoculated with the culture collection strain Scenedesmus dimorphus UTEX 417, which had been grown in Nordic climate for 8 years. The microbial diversity of eukaryotic and prokaryotic communities and their seasonal dynamics were revealed throughout the growth period by high-throughput sequencing of 18S and 16S rRNA genes and correlated with various environmental factors. S. dimorphus was stable in batch culture, but other microalgae appeared during semi-batch mode and co-dominated the system as a consequence of predation by zooplankton. Desmodesmus, Pseudocharaciopsis, Chlorella, Characium and Oocystis were the main microalgal species co-occurring in the system, with Characium and Chlorella acting as main competitors to Scenedesmus. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the most abundant bacterial phyla, some of which showing significant positive or negative influence on Scenedesmus growth over time. Light, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and nutrients concentrations were found to have significant influence on the bacterial and/or zooplanktonic community changes.

  • 12. Flach, Carl-Fredrik
    et al.
    Genheden, Maja
    Fick, Jerker
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Larsson, D. G. Joakim
    A comprehensive screening of Escherichia coli isolates from Scandinavia's largest sewage treatment plant indicates no selection for antibiotic resistance2018Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 52, nr 19, s. 11419-11428Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    There is concern that sewage treatment plants (STPs) serve as hotspots for emergence and selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. However, field studies investigating resistance selection by comparing bacterial populations in influents and effluents have produced variable and sometimes contradictive results. Also, large taxonomic changes between influents and effluents make interpretation of studies measuring relative gene abundances ambiguous. The aim here was to investigate whether within-species selection occurs by conducting a comprehensive screening of Escherichia coli isolated from composite influent and effluent samples collected at Scandinavia's largest STP, accompanied by analyses of antibiotics residues. In total, 4028 isolates, collected on eight occasions during 18 months, were screened for resistance to seven antibiotics. Although differences in proportions of resistant E. coli between influent and effluent samples were detected for a few antibiotics on two occasions, aggregated data over time showed no such differences for any of the investigated antibiotics. Neither was there any enrichment of multiresistant or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing isolates through the treatment process. Despite some antibiotics were detected at or close to concentrations predicted to provide some selective pressure, field observations of resistance profiles in E. coli do not provide support for systematic selection in the investigated STP.

  • 13.
    Forss, Jörgen
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för bygg- och energiteknik (BE).
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Lindh, Markus V.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Welander, Ulrika
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för bygg- och energiteknik (BE).
    Microbial diversity in a continuous system based on rice husks for biodegradation of the azo dyes Reactive Red 2 and Reactive Black 52013Ingår i: Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, E-ISSN 1873-2976, Vol. 130, s. 681-688Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In the present study the degradation of two common azo dyes used in dye houses today, Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Red 2 was evaluated in biofilters. In two experiments, bioreactors performed over 80% decolorization at a hydraulic retention time of only 28.4 h with little production of metabolites. Molecular analyses showed a diverse and dynamic bacterial community composition in the bioreactors, including members of the Bacteroidetes, Acinetobacter (Gammaproteobacteria) and Clostridium (Firmicutes) that possess the capacity to reduce azo dyes. Collectively, the results indicate that the development of mixed bacterial communities from natural biomaterials contributes to an efficient and robust degradation performance in bioreactors even at high concentration of dyes.

  • 14.
    Goswami, Rahul Kumar
    et al.
    Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India.
    Agrawal, Komal
    Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India; Department of Microbiology, School of Bio Engineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.
    Mehariya, Sanjeet
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Rajagopal, Rajinikanth
    Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Canada.
    Karthikeyan, Obulisamy Parthiba
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, SD, Rapid City, United States.
    Verma, Pradeep
    Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India.
    Development of economical and sustainable cultivation system for biomass production and simultaneous treatment of municipal wastewater using Tetraselmis indica BDUG0012023Ingår i: Environmental technology, ISSN 0959-3330, E-ISSN 1479-487XArtikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Microalgal-based bioprocess offers several advantages including wastewater reclamations, therefore present study assessed the usability of the combination of untreated municipal sewage wastewater (UTMSWW) and secondary treated municipal sewage wastewater (STSWW) for nutrient removal and recovery by Tetraselmis indica (T. indica) BDUG001. The present study optimized the additional nutrient supplementations (e.g. ASN-III) percentage and day-night cycle, pH and pH with aeration for monitoring high-rate biomass production and nutrient recovery. The study results showed that the combination of 75% UTMSWW + 25% ASN-III supported maximum biomass production (2.65 ± 0.07 g/L). In the optimized day-night cycle (12:12 h), T. indica BDUG001 showed improved biomass production (2.75 ± 0.07 g/L), biomass productivity (165.63 ± 4.42 mg/L/d), and photosynthetic pigments production. Under optimized pH∼ 7.0 with aeration, maximum total nitrate (TN) removal efficiency (87.67 ± 3.08–91.55 ± 1.92%) was observed, while COD and TP removal was maximum at pH ∼ 9.0. The maximum biomass production (2.35 ± 0.07–2.77 ± 0.04 g/L) with biomass productivity (93.75 ± 167.19 ± 2.21 mg/L/d) and lipid content (42.98 ± 1.86–47.85 ± 0.21% DCW) were also at pH 7.0. with aeration. The present study verified the utilization of UTMSWW with the combination of conventional medium, optimized day-night cycle, pH with aeration along with designing low-cost PBR. It was the ideal system for the cultivation of T. indica BDUG001 for the recovery of nutrients from wastewater, production of biofuels and value-added feedstock.

  • 15.
    Goswami, Rahul Kumar
    et al.
    Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
    Agrawal, Komal
    Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
    Mehariya, Sanjeet
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Verma, Pradeep
    Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
    Current perspective on wastewater treatment using photobioreactor for Tetraselmis sp.: an emerging and foreseeable sustainable approach2022Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 29, nr 41, s. 61905-61937Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Urbanization is a revolutionary and necessary step for the development of nations. However, with development emanates its drawback i.e., generation of a huge amount of wastewater. The existence of diverse types of nutrient loads and toxic compounds in wastewater can reduce the pristine nature of the ecosystem and adversely affects human and animal health. The conventional treatment system reduces most of the chemical contaminants but their removal efficiency is low. Thus, microalgae-based biological wastewater treatment is a sustainable approach for the removal of nutrient loads from wastewater. Among various microalgae, Tetraselmis sp. is a robust strain that can remediate industrial, municipal, and animal-based wastewater and reduce significant amounts of nutrient loads and heavy metals. The produced biomass contains lipids, carbohydrates, and pigments. Among them, carbohydrates and lipids can be used as feedstock for the production of bioenergy products. Moreover, the usage of a photobioreactor (PBR) system improves biomass production and nutrient removal efficiency. Thus, the present review comprehensively discusses the latest studies on Tetraselmis sp. based wastewater treatment processes, focusing on the use of different bioreactor systems to improve pollutant removal efficiency. Moreover, the applications of Tetraselmis sp. biomass, advancement and research gap such as immobilized and co-cultivation have also been discussed. Furthermore, an insight into the harvesting of Tetraselmis biomass, effects of physiological, and nutritional parameters for their growth has also been provided. Thus, the present review will broaden the outlook and help to develop a sustainable and feasible approach for the restoration of the environment.

  • 16. Gros, Meritxell
    et al.
    Blum, Kristin
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Jernstedt, Henrik
    Renman, Gunno
    Rodríguez-Mozaz, Sara
    Haglund, Peter
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Andersson, Patrik
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Wiberg, Karin
    Ahrens, Lutz
    Screening and prioritization of micropollutants in wastewaters from on-site sewage treatment facilities2017Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials, ISSN 0304-3894, E-ISSN 1873-3336, Vol. 328, s. 37-45Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A comprehensive screening of micropollutants was performed in wastewaters from on-site sewage treatment facilities (OSSFs) and urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Sweden. A suspect screening approach, using high resolution mass spectrometry, was developed and used in combination with target analysis. With this strategy, a total number of 79 micropollutants were successfully identified, which belong to the groups of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), pesticides, phosphorus-containing flame retardants (PFRs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Results from this screening indicate that concentrations of micropollutants are similar in influents and effluents of OSSFs and WWTPs, respectively. Removal efficiencies of micropollutants were assessed in the OSSFs and compared with those observed in WWTPs. In general, removal of PFASs and PFRs was higher in package treatment OSSFs, which are based on biological treatments, while removal of PPCPs was more efficient in soil bed OSSFs. A novel comprehensive prioritization strategy was then developed to identify OSSF specific chemicals of environmental relevance. The strategy was based on the compound concentrations in the wastewater, removal efficiency, frequency of detection in OSSFs and on in silico based data for toxicity, persistency and bioaccumulation potential.

  • 17.
    He, Yingnan
    et al.
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Chen, Jianbing
    Research Academy of Non-metallic Mining Industry Development, Materials and Environmental Engineering College, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China.
    Lv, Jiapei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Huang, Yimin
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Zhou, Shuxing
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China.
    Li, Wenyan
    Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
    Li, Yongtao
    Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
    Chang, Fengqin
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Zhang, Hucai
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Wågberg, Thomas
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för fysik.
    Hu, Guangzhi
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för fysik. Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Separable amino-functionalized biochar/alginate beads for efficient removal of Cr(VI) from original electroplating wastewater at room temperature2022Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 373, artikel-id 133790Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    An alginate gel bead composite adsorbent with polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a surface modifier and Eichhornia crassipes (EC) biochar, known as EC-alg/PEI-3, was added internally to the adsorb Cr(VI) from an aqueous environment. The functionalized gel beads were characterized using SEM, XPS, FTIR, and other techniques. The maximum adsorption capacities of EC-alg/PEI-3 were 714.3 mg g−1 at 10 °C and 769.2 mg g−1 at 25 °C. In the treatment of highly concentrated electroplating wastewater, EC-alg/PEI-3 can be dosed at 1.4 g L−1 to reduce the concentration of Cr(VI) to below 0.05 ppm. EC-alg/PEI-3 maintained a competitive adsorption capacity after six cycles. This spherical adsorbent material is easy to prepare, has a very high adsorption capacity, is environmentally friendly, and can be easily recycled. The EC-alg/PEI-3 gel beads are promising for the treatment of industrial wastewater.

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  • 18.
    He, Yingnan
    et al.
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Jia, Xiuxiu
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Zhou, Shuxing
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China.
    Chen, Jianbing
    Research Academy of Non-metallic Mining Industry Development, Materials and Environmental Engineering College, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China.
    Zhang, Shusheng
    College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
    Li, Xiaohua
    Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
    Huang, Yimin
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Wågberg, Thomas
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för fysik.
    Hu, Guangzhi
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för fysik. Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Separatable MoS2 loaded biochar/CaCO3/Alginate gel beads for selective and efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution2022Ingår i: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 303, artikel-id 122212Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Centimeter-scale composite biochar-alginate gel beads (MoS2B/CaCO3/Alg) were designed for the adsorption of Pb(II) in water using MoS2 modified biochar as the filler, alginate as the matrix, and CaCO3 as the active additive component. The composite gel beads were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and other techniques. MoS2B/CaCO3/Alg showed excellent adsorption capacity over a wide range of pH 4–7. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained using the Langmuir model were 769.2, 833.3, and 909.1 mg g−1 at 10, 25 and 40 °C, respectively. At a dosing rate of 0.4 g L−1, MoS2B/CaCO3/Alg was able to reduce the Pb(II) concentration to below 0.05 ppm in complex simulated lead battery wastewater. After 10 repeated cycles, MoS2B/CaCO3/Alg maintained a high removal rate of 98.4 %. This spherical adsorbent is simple to prepare and easy to recover, has an ultra-high adsorption capacity, and is mechanically stable and resistant to interference, thus it is expected to be suitable for application in industrial wastewater treatment.

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  • 19. Holmberg, Anna
    et al.
    Fogel, Jenny
    Albertsson, Eva
    Fick, Jerker
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Brown, Jeffrey N
    Paxéus, Nicklas
    Förlin, Lars
    Johnsson, Jörgen I
    Larsson, D G Joakim
    Does waterborne citalopram affect the aggressive and sexual behaviour of rainbow trout and guppy?2011Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials, ISSN 0304-3894, E-ISSN 1873-3336, Vol. 187, nr 1-3, s. 596-599Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Citalopram is one of several selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) commonly found in treated sewage effluents. Accordingly, there are concerns about possible adverse effects of SSRIs on aquatic organisms, particularly behavioural effects similar to those associated with SSRI use in humans. Rainbow trout fry and adult male guppies were therefore exposed to waterborne citalopram, ranging from environmentally relevant to high concentrations (1, 10, 100μg/L) for 3-7 days. Under these experimental conditions citalopram does not appear to cause significant effects on aggression in rainbow trout fry or on sexual behaviour in male guppies. This may be explained by a relatively low uptake of citalopram from water to fish.

  • 20.
    Huang, Yimin
    et al.
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Wang, Bing
    College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou, Guiyang, China.
    Lv, Jiapei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
    He, Yingnan
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Zhang, Hucai
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Li, Wenyan
    Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, College of resources and environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
    Li, Yongtao
    Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, College of resources and environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
    Wågberg, Thomas
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för fysik.
    Hu, Guangzhi
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för fysik. Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Facile synthesis of sodium lignosulfonate/polyethyleneimine/sodium alginate beads with ultra-high adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) removal from water2022Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials, ISSN 0304-3894, E-ISSN 1873-3336, Vol. 436, artikel-id 129270Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Chromium (VI) is a widely occurring toxic heavy metal ion in industrial wastewater that seriously impacts the environment. In this study, we used environmentally friendly sodium lignosulfonate (SL), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and sodium alginate (SA) to synthesize SL/PEI/SA beads by employing a simple crosslinking method with to develop a novel absorbent with excellent adsorption capacity and practical application in wastewater treatment. We studied the adsorption performance of SL/PEI/SA through batch adsorption and continuous dynamic adsorption experiments. SL/PEI/SA has ultra-high adsorption capacity (2500 mg·g-1) at 25 ℃, which is much higher than that of existing adsorbents. Humic acids and coexisting anions commonly found in wastewater have minimal effect on the adsorption performance of SL/PEI/SA. In the column system, 1 g SL/PEI/SA can treat 8.1 L secondary electroplating wastewater at a flow rate of 0.5 mLmin-1, thereby enabling the concentration of Cr(VI) in secondary electroplating wastewater to meet the discharge standard (< 0.2 mg·L-1). It is worth noting that the concentration of competitive ions in secondary electroplating wastewater is more than 500 times higher than that of Cr(VI). These results demonstrate that the novel SL/PEI/SA beads can be effectively applied in the removal of Cr(VI) in wastewater.

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  • 21.
    Ilanidis, Dimitrios
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Biochemical conversion of biomass: hydrothermal pretreatment, by-product formation, conditioning, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentability2021Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Lignocellulosic residues have great potential as feedstocks for production of bio-based chemicals and fuels. One of the main routes is biochemical conversion, which typically includes pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, microbial fermentation of sugars, and valorization of hydrolysis lignin. Utilization of a broad variety of lignocellulosic feedstocks and development of more efficient conversion processes are advantageous for making bio-based commodities affordable. Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass was investigated with the overall aim to understand how variations in pretreatment conditions affected yields, formation of bioconversion inhibitors, enzymatic digestibility of pretreated materials, and fermentability. Experiments included estimation of pseudo-lignin content and quantitation of recently discovered microbial inhibitors, such as formaldehyde and p-benzoquinone. Conditioning of pretreated material to improve the efficiency of reactions with biocatalysts was further investigated.

    Hydrothermal pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse was investigated by using both autocatalyzed and sulfuric-acid-catalyzed pretreatment and by varying temperature and time in such a way that the severity factor was maintained at one of three predetermined values. For autocatalyzed pretreatments, the enzymatic digestibility of the pretreated solids was directly proportional to the severity. Pretreatment conditions that were just harsh enough to almost quantitatively solubilize hemicelluloses gave the best results. 

    Potential effects of the redox environment during hydrothermal pretreatment were investigated by addition of oxygen gas or nitrogen gas in experiments with sugarcane bagasse and Norway spruce. The investigation demonstrated that gas addition, and especially addition of oxygen gas, can be used to modulate the severity of acidic hydrothermal pretreatment. 

    Hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat straw was investigated to evaluate the impact of pretreatment conditions on newly discovered inhibitors, enzymatic digestibility, and fermentation. An increase of the temperature up to 190 °C in autocatalyzed pretreatment led to high combined glucose and xylose yields; up to ~480 kg/ton (dry weight) raw wheat straw. A correlation between enzymatic digestibility and removal of hemicelluloses was observed. 

    A techno-economical evaluation of several conditioning methods for slurries of steam-pretreated spruce indicated that treatment with sodium sulfite was the most favorable option. Treatments with sulfite and dithionite successfully decreased the concentration of formaldehyde. Results also indicate that increased temperature in conditioning of hydrolysate could to some extent compensate for using lower dosages of sodium dithionite.

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  • 22.
    Jia, Xiuxiu
    et al.
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Zhao, Xue
    College of Chemistry and Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.
    Bi, Zenghui
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Zhang, Hucai
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Huang, Shuquan
    School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
    Chun-Ho Lam, Jason
    School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
    Li, Wenyan
    College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
    Li, Yongtao
    College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
    Wågberg, Thomas
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för fysik.
    Hu, Guangzhi
    Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
    Rod-shaped lanthanum oxychloride-decorated porous carbon material for efficient and ultra-fast removal of phosphorus from eutrophic water2023Ingår i: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 306, artikel-id 122713Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Removal of excess phosphorus (P) from water systems can effectively prevent eutrophication and maintain the ecological balance. In this study, we used a novel freeze-drying thermal oxidation process to prepare a rod-shaped lanthanum oxychloride decorated porous carbon material, polyvinylpyrrolidone /LaOCl (PL). PL showed excellent performance in removing P from water; the preparation method had not been reported previously. Specifically, the adsorption capacity of PL for P was as high as 90.9 mg P/g, and the removal rate was greater than 92.0 % over a wide pH range (2.5–11). Fast adsorption kinetics is an important feature for P removal. The high removal rate of PL for P could be achieved in a short time; that is, more than 97.8 % of the P species could be removed in only 25 min (initial concentration: 20 mg P/L). For water samples from the natural Laoyu River (24 μg P/L), 0.01 g of PL could reduce approximately 53 L of water to below the eutrophication threshold value (20 μg P/L). Furthermore, after five repetitions of the adsorption–desorption process, no significant decrease in the P removal efficiency was observed. The high adsorption capacity, fast adsorption kinetics, and persistent cyclic stability of PL for P in water were attributed to the advanced preparation process, in which freeze-drying ensured the porosity of the adsorbent and the uniformity of LaCl3 distribution; and the subsequent heat treatment created conditions for the generation of LaOCl species with stable adsorption activity. The adsorption mechanism mainly involved ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bonding. This study provides a theoretical basis for preparing new adsorbing materials of P and technical support for preventing water eutrophication.

  • 23. Jiang, Tao
    et al.
    Bravo, Andrea G.
    Skyllberg, Ulf
    Björn, Erik
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Wang, Dingyong
    Yan, Haiyu
    Green, Nelson W.
    Influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics on dissolved mercury (Hg) species composition in sediment porewater of lakes from southwest China2018Ingår i: Water Research, ISSN 0043-1354, E-ISSN 1879-2448, Vol. 146, s. 146-158Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The origin and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in porewater of lake sediments is intricate and decisive for fate of pollutants including mercury (Hg). While there are many reports on the relationship between dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC) and mercury (Hg) concentrations in aquatic systems, there are few in which DOM compositional properties, that may better explain the fate of Hg, have been the focus. In this study, porewaters from sediments of three lakes, Caihai Lake (CH), Hongfeng Lake (HF) and Wujiangdu Lake (WJD), all located in southwest China, were selected to test the hypothesis that DOM optical properties control the fate of Hg in aquatic ecosystems. Porewater DOM was extracted and characterized by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. A two end-member (autochthonous and allochthonous DOM) mixing model was used to unveil the origin of DOM in porewaters of the three lakes. Our results show a higher input of terrestrial DOM in the pristine lake CH, as compared to lakes HF and WJD lakes, which were both influenced by urban environments and enriched in autochthonous DOM. While the relationships between the concentrations of DOC and the different chemical forms of Hg forms were quite inconsistent, we found important links between specific DOM components and the fate of Hg in the three lakes. In particular, our results suggest that allochthonous, terrestrial DOM inhibits Hg(II) availability for Hg methylating micro-organisms. In contrast, autochthonous DOM seems to have been stimulated MeHg formation, likely by enhancing the activity of microbial communities. Indeed, DOM biodegradation experiments revealed that differences in the microbial activity could explain the variation in the concentration of MeHg. While relationships between concentrations of DOC and Hg vary among different sites and provide little information about Hg cycling, we conclude that the transport and transformation of Hg (e.g. the methylation process) are more strongly linked to DOM chemical composition and reactivity.

  • 24.
    Kant Bhatia, Shashi
    et al.
    Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul, South Korea.
    Ahuja, Vishal
    Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India.
    Chandel, Neha
    School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, Haryana, India.
    Mehariya, Sanjeet
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Kumar, Pradeep
    Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India.
    Vinayak, Vandana
    Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, Sagar, India.
    Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya
    Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
    Raj, Tirath
    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
    Kim, Sang-Hyoun
    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
    Yang, Yung-Hun
    Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul, South Korea.
    An overview on microalgal-bacterial granular consortia for resource recovery and wastewater treatment2022Ingår i: Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, E-ISSN 1873-2976, Vol. 351, artikel-id 127028Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Excessive generation of wastewater is a matter of concern around the globe. Wastewater treatment utilizing a microalgae-mediated process is considered an eco-friendly and sustainable method of wastewater treatment. However, low biomass productivity, costly harvesting process, and energy extensive cultivation process are the major bottleneck. The use of the microalgal-bacteria granular consortia (MBGC) process is economic and requires less energy. For efficient utilization of MBGC, knowledge of its structure, composition and interaction are important. Various microscopic, molecular and metabolomics techniques play a significant role in understating consortia structure and interaction between partners. Microalgal-bacteria granular consortia structure is affected by various cultivation parameters like pH, temperature, light intensity, salinity, and the presence of other pollutants in wastewater. In this article, a critical evaluation of recent literature was carried out to develop an understanding related to interaction behavior that can help to engineer consortia having efficient nutrient removal capacity with reduced energy consumption.

  • 25. Kontturi, V
    et al.
    Hyvärinen, S
    García, A
    Murzin, D Yu
    Mikkola, Jyri-Pekka
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Peiponen, K-E
    Simultaneous detection of absorption spectrum and refractive index ratio with a spectrophotometer: monitoring contaminants in bioethanol2011Ingår i: Measurement science and technology, ISSN 0957-0233, E-ISSN 1361-6501, Vol. 22, nr 5, s. 6-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The optical properties of a biofuel resulting from the fungi-treated lignocellulosic biomass in an ethanol matrix were studied. The matrix simulates the case that the bioethanol is contaminated by sugars, water and colour pigments that reduce the quality of the biofuel and compromise the combustion process. It is suggested that by applying a spectrophotometer only, it is possible to obtain valid information, i.e. the spectral features of the contaminants as well as the refractive index ratio of bioethanol. This allows for simultaneous purity and density detection of biomass-derived liquids or liquid biofuels, in comparison to a reference representing an ideal bioethanol (pure ethyl alcohol, ethanol of 99.5% purity (v/v)).

  • 26.
    Konwar, Lakhya Jyoti
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Mikkola, Jyri-Pekka
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. Åbo Akademi.
    Bordoloi, Neonjyoti
    Saikia, Ruprekha
    Chutia, Rahul S.
    Kataki, Rupam
    Sidestreams from bioenergy and biorefinery complexes as a resource for circular bioeconomy2018Ingår i: Waste biorefinery: potential and perspectives / [ed] Thallada Bhaskar, Ashok Pandey, S.Venkata Mohan, Duu-Jong Lee, Samir Kumar Khanal, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2018, 1, s. 85-125Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the main drivers for the establishment of biorefineries and the drive toward bioeconomy is the call for sustainability. However, the modern-day biorefinery must embrace on the concept of whole-crop approach with complete feedstock utilization and zero waste, leading to a portfolio of valuable products in which food, feed, fuels, chemicals, and materials are produced. In this chapter, we address upon the prospective of improving the economics and carbon efficiency of existing bioenergy and biorefinery complexes through a circular bioeconomy-based whole-crop utilization. We emphasize hereupon the possibility to coproduce value-added products (e.g., chemicals, materials, or energy) from the various sidestreams or by-products generated from biorefinery operations such as CO2, glycerol, hemicelluloses, lignin, and extractives together with their potential as a raw material or chemical platform for the production of marketable products using available process technologies.

  • 27.
    Kozyatnyk, Ivan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Haglund, Peter
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Lövgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Tysklind, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Gustafsson, A.
    MoRe Research AB, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden.
    Törneman, Niklas
    SWECO, Malmö, Sweden.
    Evaluation of barrier materials for removing pollutants from groundwater rich in natural organic matter2014Ingår i: Water Science and Technology, ISSN 0273-1223, E-ISSN 1996-9732, Vol. 70, nr 1, s. 32-39Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Permeable barriers are used for passive remediation of groundwater and can be constructed from a range of materials. The optimal material depends on the types of contaminants and physicochemical parameters present at the site, as well as the hydraulic conductivity, environmental safety, availability, cost and long-term stability of the material itself. The aim of the presented study was to test a number of materials for their ability to remove heavy metals and organic pollutants from groundwater with a high (140 mg L-1) content of natural organic matter (NOM). The following materials were included in the study: sand, peat, fly ash, iron powder, lignin and combinations thereof. Polluted water was fed into glass columns loaded with each sorbent and the contaminant removal efficiency of the material was evaluated through chemical analysis of the percolate. Materials based on fly ash and zero-valent iron were found to be the most effective for heavy metal removal, while fly ash and peat were the most effective for removing aliphatic compounds. Filtration through lignin and peat led to leaching of NOM. Although the leaching decreased over time, it remained high throughout the experiments. The results indicate that remediation of contaminated land at disused industrial sites is a complex task that often requires the use of mixed materials or a minimum of two sequential barriers.

  • 28.
    Kozyatnyk, Ivan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Lövgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Tysklind, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Haglund, Peter
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Multivariate assessment of barriers materials for treatment of complex groundwater rich in dissolved organic matter and organic and inorganic contaminants2017Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, E-ISSN 2213-3437, Vol. 5, nr 4, s. 3075-3082Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study focused on the challenges of treating groundwater rich in dissolved organic matter and contains both heavy metals and organic pollutants. Activated carbon, fly ash, lignite, peat, torrefied organic material and zero-valent iron were tested as prospective materials for permeable barriers. Removal of different pollutants was analyzed using coefficients of the Freundlich equation for adsorption isotherms. Principal components analysis was used to visualize similarities and differences in pollutant removal efficiency and sorbent capacity between barrier materials. Fly ash, iron (aerobic conditions) and activated carbon were found to be promising materials for dissolved organic matter removal. Fly ash was the most effective material for metal removal, and fly ash, activated carbon and peat were the most effective materials for removal of organic contaminants. Thus, fly ash shows the most potential for simultaneous removal of metals and organic pollutants. However, it has limited capacity for removing neutral halogenated aromatic compounds. For these, zero-valent iron (aerobic conditions) has greater capacity, probably because of the formation of a porous layer of iron oxyhydroxide. In summary, batch adsorption experiments followed by principal components analysis evaluation of the results are useful tools for selecting suitable materials for treatment of groundwater contaminated with multiple organic and inorganic pollutants.

  • 29.
    Kraupner, Nadine
    et al.
    Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hutinel, Marion
    Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Schumacher, Kilian
    Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.
    Gray, Declan A.
    Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Genheden, Maja
    Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Fick, Jerker
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Flach, Carl-Fredrik
    Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Larsson, D.G. Joakim
    Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Evidence for selection of multi-resistant E. coli by hospital effluent2021Ingår i: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 150, artikel-id 106436Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a risk that residues of antibiotics and other antimicrobials in hospital and municipal wastewaters could select for resistant bacteria. Still, direct experimental evidence for selection is lacking. Here, we investigated if effluent from a large Swedish hospital, as well as influent and effluent from the connected municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) select for antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in three controlled experimental setups. Exposure of sterile-filtered hospital effluent to a planktonic mix of 149 different E. coli wastewater isolates showed a strong selection of multi-resistant strains. Accordingly, exposure to a complex wastewater community selected for strains resistant to several antibiotic classes. Exposing individual strains with variable resistance patterns revealed a rapid bactericidal effect of hospital effluent on susceptible, but not multi-resistant E. coli. No selection was observed after exposure to WWTP effluent, while exposure to WWTP influent indicated a small selective effect for ceftazidime and cefadroxil resistant strains, and only in the E. coli mix assay. An analysis of commonly used antibiotics and non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals in combination with growth and resistance pattern of individual E. coli isolates suggested a possible contribution of ciprofloxacin and β-lactams to the selection by hospital effluent. However, more research is needed to clarify the contribution from different selective agents. While this study does not indicate selection by the studied WWTP effluent, there is some indications of selective effects by municipal influent on β-lactam-resistant strains. Such effects may be more pronounced in countries with higher antibiotic use than Sweden. Despite the limited antibiotic use in Sweden, the hospital effluent strongly and consistently selected for multi-resistance, indicating widespread risks. Hence, there is an urgent need for further evaluation of risks for resistance selection in hospital sewers, as well as for strategies to remove selective agents and resistant bacteria.

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  • 30.
    Kumar Gahlot, Dharmender
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för molekylärbiologi (Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet). Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
    Taheri, Nayyer
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för molekylärbiologi (Medicinska fakulteten).
    Mahato, Dhani Ram
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Francis, Matthew S
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för molekylärbiologi (Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet).
    Bioengineering of non-pathogenic Escherichia coli to enrich for accumulation of environmental copper2020Ingår i: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 10, artikel-id 20327Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Heavy metal sequestration from industrial wastes and agricultural soils is a long-standing challenge. This is more critical for copper since copper pollution is hazardous both for the environment and for human health. In this study, we applied an integrated approach of Darwin's theory of natural selection with bacterial genetic engineering to generate a biological system with an application for the accumulation of Cu2+ ions. A library of recombinant non-pathogenic Escherichia coli strains was engineered to express seven potential Cu2+ binding peptides encoded by a 'synthetic degenerate' DNA motif and fused to Maltose Binding Protein (MBP). Most of these peptide-MBP chimeras conferred tolerance to high concentrations of copper sulphate, and in certain cases in the order of 160-fold higher than the recognised EC50 toxic levels of copper in soils. UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis indicated a molar ratio of peptide-copper complexes, while a combination of bioinformatics-based structure modelling, Cu2+ ion docking, and MD simulations of peptide-MBP chimeras corroborated the extent of Cu2+ binding among the peptides. Further, in silico analysis predicted the peptides possessed binding affinity toward a broad range of divalent metal ions. Thus, we report on an efficient, cost-effective, and environment-friendly prototype biological system that is potentially capable of copper bioaccumulation, and which could easily be adapted for the removal of other hazardous heavy metals or the bio-mining of rare metals.

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  • 31.
    Lindmark, Manfred
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Umeå marina forskningscentrum (UMF). Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap. Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för datavetenskap.
    Optimization of quality assured dataflow from biosensors: Time series analysis of plankton respiration by oxygen optode2015Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Data analysis can be a time consuming part of an experimental method, especially when the method is used frequently and large amounts of data are produced each time. In this study, an application software was developed to improve work flow and data management for respiration rate measurements using an optical oxygen sensor. The application was used to analyze data files from the oxygen sensor without the need to manually enter and analyze the data in a spreadsheet application. The software was written in the Python programming language and utilized available scientific computing packages as well as a graphical user interface framework to provide user friendly access to all functions. Any number of files with experimental data were imported into the program and a linear regression analysis was done for each file and viewed to verify the quality of the data. Tables and summarizing graphs were used to display the key information and statistical results. The final results were exported for use in other applications. Data processing that used to take an hour to complete was done with the new application in five to ten minutes and the risk of introducing human errors in the data was simultaneously reduced. User tests indicated that learning the basics of the program was easy. This study shows the usefulness of a bioinformatics approach and the tools provided by Python and its related software to solve problems that arise with managing large volumes of numerical data.

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    Lindmark2015SensorDataFlow
  • 32.
    Lundstedt, Erik Torbjörn
    et al.
    AcureOmics AB.
    Trygg, Johan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Gabrielsson, Jon Robert
    AcureOmics AB.
    Ekström, Gunilla
    Anamar AB.
    Metabolic profiles2012Patent (Övrig (populärvetenskap, debatt, mm))
    Abstract [en]

    The invention relates to the use of endogenous metabolites to produce a metabolic profile of a disorder or disease in a subject, e.g. an autoimmune disease, in particular rheumatoid arthritis, and the analysis of such metabolic profiles in order to find disturbances in such profiles in a subject which are caused by or correlated with the said diseases or disorders. Such disturbances can be normalised by treatment of the subject with specified compounds, particularly N-(2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)guanidine or an aminoguanidine.

  • 33.
    Melin, Mikael
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik.
    Konserveringsmetoder mot korrosion på vattensidan av hetvatten pannor: Preservation methods against corrosion at the waterside of hot water boilers2017Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (yrkesexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Rapporten redovisar en utredning av konserveringsmetoder för vattensidan under stilleståndsperioder av ett värmeverk bestående av fem hetvattenpannor med ett gemensamt ångnät. Syftet var att utvärdera olika metoder för att motverka korrosion då pannorna inte är i drift. Konserveringsmetoderna som utreddes och jämfördes internt var konservering med en kvävgaskudde, ångkudde, torrläggning och en kemisk lösning. Att utreda metoderna innebar att uppskatta dess kostnad ekonomiskt genom att beräkna en årskostnad. För att besvara hur effektivt deras skydd mot korrosion är användes litteraturens referenser och teoretiska samband för att uppskatta syrehalten i matarvattnet. För att kunna göra en realistisk jämförelse mellan metoderna har den avgivna effekten för värmeverkets pannor under driftåret 2016 använts som en grund för beräkningarna. Årskostnaderna från konserveringsmetoderna är från 2016 års driftdata av värmeverket. En kvävgaskudde med en renhet av 99,999 % kan resultera i en syrehalt av 9,6 ppb för matarvattnet och har en total årskostnad av 77 300 SEK. En ångkudde har potentialen att bevara vattnet i princip syrefritt och har en total årskostnad av 809 000 SEK med en extern elpanna för ångproduktion. Att torrlägga pannorna är bara möjligt under vissa perioder av året dock skulle en total årskostnad av eldriften för att hålla pannorna torra motsvara en kostnad av 17 500 SEK. Metoden med en kemisk lösning hade en totalårskostnad av 1 640 000 SEK. Baserat på tillgänglig information och utförda antaganden är slutsatsen att värmeverket ifråga rekommenderas att upphöra med en kemisk konserveringsmetod och övergå till en kvävgaskudde som konserveringsmetod mot korrosion då pannorna inte är i drift.

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    Konserveringsmetoder mot korrosion på vattensidan av hetvatten pannor
  • 34.
    Moodie, Lindon W. K.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Cervin, Gunnar
    Trepos, Rozenn
    Labriere, Christophe
    Hellio, Claire
    Pavia, Henrik
    Svenson, Johan
    Design and Biological Evaluation of Antifouling Dihydrostilbene Oxime Hybrids2018Ingår i: Marine Biotechnology, ISSN 1436-2228, E-ISSN 1436-2236, Vol. 20, nr 2, s. 257-267Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    By combining the recently reported repelling natural dihydrostilbene scaffold with an oxime moiety found in many marine antifoulants, a library of nine antifouling hybrid compounds was developed and biologically evaluated. The prepared compounds were shown to display a low antifouling effect against marine bacteria but a high potency against the attachment and growth of microalgae down to MIC values of 0.01 μg/mL for the most potent hybrid. The mode of action can be characterized as repelling via a reversible non-toxic biostatic mechanism. Barnacle cyprid larval settlement was also inhibited at low μg/mL concentrations with low levels or no toxicity observed. Several of the prepared compounds performed better than many reported antifouling marine natural products. While several of the prepared compounds are highly active as antifoulants, no apparent synergy is observed by incorporating the oxime functionality into the dihydrostilbene scaffold. This observation is discussed in light of recently reported literature data on related marine natural antifoulants and antifouling hybrids as a potentially general strategy for generation of improved antifoulants.

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  • 35.
    Mukarunyana, Brigitte
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda.
    Boman, Christoffer
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik.
    Kabera, Telesphore
    School of Engineering, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda.
    Lindgren, Robert
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik.
    Fick, Jerker
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    The ability of biochars from cookstoves to remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products from hospital wastewater2023Ingår i: Environmental Technology & Innovation, ISSN 2352-1864, Vol. 32, artikel-id 103391Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Adequate treatment of wastewater to remove micropollutants constitutes a major concern globally. Despite this, large volumes of untreated wastewater are released into the environment, mainly due to the cost involved. Biochars have been suggested to have the potential to remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) from wastewater, but, adsorption potential needs to be investigated further. Production of biochars should also preferably be sustainable and based on low-cost materials. This study investigated the ability of nine biochars produced in three cookstoves and from three feedstocks. All biochars were characterized and then applied in adsorption experiments, based on authentic hospital effluent. Our analytical method included 32 pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and 28 of these were detected and quantified in hospital wastewater effluent samples. Some PPCP were present in relatively high concentrations (more than 24 µg/L). Adsorption experiments showed that the biochars used in the investigation had average removal rates (RR) ranging from 14.2% to 65.5%. Removal rates also varied between and within cookstoves and feedstock. Although cookstove biochars with a low surface area in this study generally showed lower removal rates, results from surface characterization were not detailed enough to correlate the physicochemical properties of the pollutants with the adsorption. Further characterizations are therefore needed to point out the most important parameters involved in PPCP adsorption on cookstove biochars.

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  • 36.
    Olofsson, Martin
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Lindehoff, Elin
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Frick, Brage
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Svensson, Fredrik
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Legrand, Catherine
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Baltic Sea microalgae transform cement flue gas into valuable biomass2015Ingår i: Algal Research, ISSN 2211-9264, Vol. 11, s. 227-233Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We show high feasibility of using cement industrial flue gas as CO2 source for microalgal cultivation. The toxicity of cement flue gas (12-15% CO2) on algal biomass production and composition (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates) was tested using monocultures (Tetraselmis sp., green algae, Skeletonema marinoi, diatom) and natural brackish communities. The performance of a natural microalgal community dominated by spring diatoms was compared to a highly productive diatom monoculture S. marinoi fed with flue gas or air-CO2 mixture. Flue gas was not toxic to any of the microalgae tested. Instead we show high quality of microalgal biomass (lipids 20-30% DW, proteins 20-28% DW, carbohydrates 15-30% DW) and high production when cultivated with flue gas addition compared to CO2-air. Brackish Baltic Sea microalgal communities performed equally or better in terms of biomass quality and production than documented monocultures of diatom and green algae, often used in algal research and development. Hence, we conclude that microalgae should be included in biological solutions to transform waste into renewable resources in coastal waters. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

  • 37.
    Oruganti, Raj Kumar
    et al.
    Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, Sangareddy, India.
    Biji, Alka Pulimoottil
    Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, Sangareddy, India.
    Lanuyanger, Tiamenla
    Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, Sangareddy, India.
    Show, Pau Loke
    Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
    Sriariyanun, Malinee
    Biorefinery and Process Automation Engineering Center, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, The Sirindhorn Thai-German International Graduate School of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand.
    Upadhyayula, Venkata K. K.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, United States; 2-Dimensional Materials for Biofilm Engineering Science and Technology (2D-BEST) Center, South Dakota Mines, SD, Rapid City, United States.
    Bhattacharyya, Debraj
    Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, Sangareddy, India.
    Artificial intelligence and machine learning tools for high-performance microalgal wastewater treatment and algal biorefinery: a critical review2023Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 876, artikel-id 162797Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The increased water scarcity, depletion of freshwater resources, and rising environmental awareness are stressing for the development of sustainable wastewater treatment processes. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment has resulted in a paradigm shift in our approach toward nutrient removal and simultaneous resource recovery from wastewater. Wastewater treatment and the generation of biofuels and bioproducts from microalgae can be coupled to promote the circular economy synergistically. A microalgal biorefinery transforms microalgal biomass into biofuels, bioactive chemicals, and biomaterials. The large-scale cultivation of microalgae is essential for the commercialization and industrialization of microalgae biorefinery. However, the inherent complexity of microalgal cultivation parameters regarding physiological and illumination parameters renders it challenging to facilitate a smooth and cost-effective operation. Artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning algorithms (MLA) offer innovative strategies for assessing, predicting, and regulating uncertainties in algal wastewater treatment and biorefinery. The current study presents a critical review of the most promising AI/MLAs that demonstrate a potential to be applied in microalgal technologies. The most commonly used MLAs include artificial neural networks, support vector machine, genetic algorithms, decision tree, and random forest algorithms. Recent developments in AI have made it possible to combine cutting-edge techniques from AI research fields with microalgae for accurate analysis of large datasets. MLAs have been extensively studied for their potential in microalgae detection and classification. However, the ML application in microalgal industries, such as optimizing microalgae cultivation for increased biomass productivity, is still in its infancy. Incorporating smart AI/ML-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) based technologies can help the microalgal industries to operate effectively with minimum resources. Future research directions are also highlighted, and some of the challenges and perspectives of AI/ML are outlined. As the world is entering the digitalized industrial era, this review provides an insightful discussion about intelligent microalgal wastewater treatment and biorefinery for researchers in the field of microalgae.

  • 38. Oruganti, Raj Kumar
    et al.
    Katam, Keerthi
    Show, Pau Loke
    Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana
    Upadhyayula, Venkata Krishna Kumar
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Bhattacharyya, Debraj
    A comprehensive review on the use of algal-bacterial systems for wastewater treatment with emphasis on nutrient and micropollutant removal2022Ingår i: Bioengineered, ISSN 2165-5979, E-ISSN 2165-5987, Vol. 13, nr 4, s. 10412-10453Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The scarcity of water resources and environmental pollution have highlighted the need for sustainable wastewater treatment. Existing conventional treatment systems are energy-intensive and not always able to meet stringent disposal standards. Recently, algal-bacterial systems have emerged as environmentally friendly sustainable processes for wastewater treatment and resource recovery. The algal-bacterial systems work on the principle of the symbiotic relationship between algae and bacteria. This paper comprehensively discusses the most recent studies on algal-bacterial systems for wastewater treatment, factors affecting the treatment, and aspects of resource recovery from the biomass. The algal-bacterial interaction includes cell-to-cell communication, substrate exchange, and horizontal gene transfer. The quorum sensing (QS) molecules and their effects on algal?bacterial interactions are briefly discussed. The effect of the factors such as pH, temperature, C/N/P ratio, light intensity, and external aeration on the algal-bacterial systems have been discussed. An overview of the modeling aspects of algal-bacterial systems has been provided. The algal-bacterial systems have the potential for removing micropollutants because of the diverse possible interactions between algae-bacteria. The removal mechanisms of micropollutants ? sorption, biodegradation, and photodegradation, have been reviewed. The harvesting methods and resource recovery aspects have been presented. The major challenges associated with algal-bacterial systems for real scale implementation and future perspectives have been discussed. Integrating wastewater treatment with the algal biorefinery concept reduces the overall waste component in a wastewater treatment system by converting the biomass into a useful product, resulting in a sustainable system that contributes to the circular bioeconomy.

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  • 39. Osundeko, Olumayowa
    et al.
    Ansolia, Preeti
    Gupta, Sanjay Kumar
    Bag, Pushan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för fysiologisk botanik. Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC).
    Bajhaiya, Amit K.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Promises and challenges of growing microalgae in wastewater2019Ingår i: Water conservation, recycling and reuse: issues and challenges / [ed] Rajeev Pratap Singh, Alan S. Kolok, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Singapore: Springer, 2019, s. 29-53Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Microalgae have been theoretically described as a sustainable feedstock for biofuel production. However, there are still some concerns and obstacles that need to be overcome in order to translate the theoretical promise into commercial and economic success. These obstacles include a high requirement for nutrients and sustainable water source and the identification of affordable cultivation conditions. It has been suggested that growing microalgae in wastewater can potentially offset some of these obstacles. Microalgae can perform a dual role for remediation of nutrient pollutants and biomass production when grown in wastewater. However, there are huge challenges to overcome before this route can be exploited in an economically and environmentally sustainable manner. In the present chapter, the potentials and challenges of growing microalgae in wastewater and its future implications are discussed in detail.

  • 40.
    Plöhn, Martin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Escudero-Oñate, Carlos
    Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Instituttveien 18, Kjeller, Norway.
    Funk, Christiane
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Biosorption of Cd(II) by Nordic microalgae: tolerance, kinetics and equilibrium studies2021Ingår i: Algal Research, ISSN 2211-9264, Vol. 59, artikel-id 102471Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The amount of heavy metals released into the environment has significantly increased. Industrial wastewaters, e.g. from mining or battery manufacturing, are often polluted with heavy metals such as Cd, Cr or Pb. These metals threat the environment and can cause health problems even at low concentrations. Therefore, their proper removal from industrial wastewater before its disposal is of paramount importance (Javanbakht et al. [1]). Here the ability of fourteen wild Nordic microalgal strains to remove cadmium (Cd(II)) from aqueous solutions has been studied. Three of the chosen strains, namely Chlorella vulgaris (13-1), Coelastrella sp. (3-4) and Scenedesmus obliquus (13-8), demonstrated high tolerance towards Cd(II) concentrations up to 2.5 mg L−1 and their sorption kinetics and equilibrium were studied. Metal sorption by Chlorella vulgaris (13-1) and Coelastrella sp. (3-4) was described best by pseudo-second order kinetics, whereas the removal kinetics of Scenedesmus obliquus (13-8) was best fitted by the intraparticle diffusion model. Starting from an initial concentration of 2.5 mg L−1 Chlorella vulgaris (13-1) and Coelastrella sp. (3-4) removed 72% and 82%, respectively, of the Cd(II) within only 24 h. Modeling their Cd(II) sorption equilibria revealed that the SIPS- and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were best suited for living microalgae, and the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) was calculated. While Chlorella vulgaris (13-1) and Coelastrella sp. (3-4) were able to remove about 49 mg g−1 and 65 mg g−1 Cd(II), respectively, Scenedesmus obliquus (13-8) only removed around 25 mg g−1. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of the biomass revealed the carboxylic moieties of the cell wall to be the key player in Cd(II) removal. This study demonstrates the high potential of Nordic microalgae to remove heavy metals at conditions relevant for an industrial tertiary wastewater treatment unit and will support the development of new, biobased, innovative technologies for the bioremediation of heavy metal polluted streams.

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  • 41.
    Plöhn, Martin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Spain, Olivia
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Sirin, Sema
    Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Silva, Mario
    Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Kjeller, Norway.
    Escudero-Oñate, Carlos
    Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Kjeller, Norway.
    Ferrando-Climent, Laura
    Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Kjeller, Norway.
    Allahverdiyeva, Yagut
    Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Funk, Christiane
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Wastewater treatment by microalgae2021Ingår i: Physiologia Plantarum, ISSN 0031-9317, E-ISSN 1399-3054, Vol. 173, nr 2, s. 568-578Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The growth of the world's population increases the demand for fresh water, food, energy, and technology, which in turn leads to increasing amount of wastewater, produced both by domestic and industrial sources. These different wastewaters contain a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds which can cause tremendous environmental problems if released untreated. Traditional treatment systems are usually expensive, energy demanding and are often still incapable of solving all challenges presented by the produced wastewaters. Microalgae are promising candidates for wastewater reclamation as they are capable of reducing the amount of nitrogen and phosphate as well as other toxic compounds including heavy metals or pharmaceuticals. Compared to the traditional systems, photosynthetic microalgae require less energy input since they use sunlight as their energy source, and at the same time lower the carbon footprint of the overall reclamation process. This mini-review focuses on recent advances in wastewater reclamation using microalgae. The most common microalgal strains used for this purpose are described as well as the challenges of using wastewater from different origins. We also describe the impact of climate with a particular focus on a Nordic climate.

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  • 42. Rhén, Christofer
    et al.
    Öhman, Marcus
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, Energiteknik och termisk processkemi.
    Gref, Rolf
    Wästerlund, Iwan
    Effect of raw material composition in woody biomass pellets on combustion characteristics2007Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy, ISSN 0961-9534, E-ISSN 1873-2909, Vol. 31, nr 1, s. 66-72Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Char yield, char combustion time and char combustion rate of pellets made from different tree parts of Norway spruce and industrially made stem wood pellets of Norway spruce and Scots pine were studied. The pellets were incinerated in a laboratory scale oven at various temperatures, gas flows and oxygen concentrations. It was found that the combustion time for a single pellet mostly depended on the raw material composition and to a minor extent on the density. Pellets made of bark had up to a 50% longer char combustion time compared to that of stem wood pellets, due to differences in char yield. Industrially made stem wood pellets of pine and spruce sawdust were found to have small differences in combustion characteristics. The variations in combustion characteristics of pellets are discussed in relation to composition of raw material.

  • 43.
    Sandström, K. J. Mattias
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Yrkesmedicin. Cranfield Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield University, UK; Department of Chemistry, National Institute for Working Life, Umeå, Sweden.
    Newman, Jeffrey
    Cranfield Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield University, UK.
    Sunesson, Anna-Lena
    Department of Chemistry, National Institute for Working Life, Umeå, Sweden.
    Levin, Jan-Olof
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Yrkesmedicin. Department of Chemistry, National Institute for Working Life, Umeå, Sweden.
    Turner, Anthony P. F.
    Cranfield Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield University, UK.
    Amperometric biosensor for formic acid in air2000Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 70, nr 1–3, s. 182-187Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The possibility of developing a simple, inexpensive and specific personal passive “real-time” air sampler incorporating a biosensor for formic acid was investigated. The sensor is based on the enzymatic reaction between formic acid and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a co-factor and Meldola's blue as mediator. An effective way to immobilise the enzyme, co-factor and Meldola's blue on screen-printed, disposable, electrodes was found to be in a mixture of glycerol and phosphate buffer covered with a gas-permeable membrane. Steady-state current was reached after 4–15 min and the limit of detection was calculated to be below 1 mg/m3. However, the response decreased by 50% after storage at −15°C for 1 day.

  • 44.
    Sandström, K. J. Mattias
    et al.
    National Institute for Working Life, Umeå, Sweden.
    Sunesson, Anna-Lena
    National Institute for Working Life, Umeå, Sweden.
    Levin, Jan-Olof
    National Institute for Working Life, Umeå, Sweden.
    Turner, Anthony P. F.
    Cranfield Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield University, UK.
    A gas-phase biosensor for environmental monitoring of formic acid: laboratory and field validation2003Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring, ISSN 1464-0325, E-ISSN 1464-0333, Vol. 5, nr 3, s. 477-482Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In order to encourage more exposure measurements to be performed, a formic acid gas-phase biosensor has been developed for this purpose. In the present paper, an enzyme based biosensor has been validated with respect to analyte selectivity and on-site use. To ensure that the sampler developed measures the compound of interest the biosensor was exposed to three near structural homologues to formic acid, i.e. acetic acid, methanol and formaldehyde. These vapours were generated with and without formic acid and the only compound that was found to have an effect on the performance of the biosensor, albeit a small one, was acetic acid. The field test was performed in a factory using formic acid-containing glue for glulam products. In parallel to the measurements with the biosensor a well defined reference method was used for sampling and analysing formic acid. It was found that the biosensor worked satisfactorily in this environment when used in a stationary position. It was also shown that the biosensor could determine formic acid vapour concentrations down to 0.03 mg m−3.

  • 45.
    Sandström, K. J. Mattias
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Yrkesmedicin. National Institute for Working Life, Department of Chemistry, Umeå, Sweden; Cranfield Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, UK.
    Turner, Anthony P. F.
    Cranfield Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, UK.
    Biosensors in air monitoring1999Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring, ISSN 1464-0325, E-ISSN 1464-0333, Vol. 1, nr 4, s. 293-298Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
  • 46.
    Singer, Andrew C.
    et al.
    Natural Environment Research Council, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
    Järhult, Josef D.
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Grabic, Roman
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. University of South Bohemia, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
    Khan, Ghazanfar A.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Lindberg, Richard H.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Fedorova, Ganna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. University of South Bohemia, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
    Fick, Jerker
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Bowes, Michael J.
    Natural Environment Research Council, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
    Olsen, Björn
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Section for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
    Söderström, Hanna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Intra- and inter-pandemic variations of antiviral, antibiotics and decongestants in wastewater treatment plants and receiving rivers2015Ingår i: Water treatment in developed and developing nations: an international perspective / [ed] Victor M. Monsalvo, Oakville, ON: Apple Academic Press, 2015, 1, s. 155-186Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Pandemics are unique public health emergencies that can result in a large sudden increase in the use of a restricted set of pharmaceuticals within a short time period. In the case of an influenza pandemic, antiviral use will greatly exceed inter-pandemic use in most countries by several orders of magnitude, as few countries maintain significant inter-pandemic usage-Japan being a notable exception [1]. Depending on the severity of the pandemic, antibiotics have the potential to significantly exceed inter-pandemic usage for the treatment of secondary bacterial respiratory infections [2]. Decongestant usage is also predicted to increase with an increase in upper-and lower-respiratory tract infections [3].

  • 47.
    Singer, Andrew C.
    et al.
    Natural Environment Research Council, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
    Järhult, Josef D.
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Grabic, Roman
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
    Khan, Ghazanfar A.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Lindberg, Richard H.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Fedorova, Ganna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
    Fick, Jerker
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Bowes, Michael J.
    Natural Environment Research Council, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
    Olsen, Björn
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Section for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
    Söderström, Hanna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Intra- and inter-pandemic variations of antiviral, antibiotics and decongestants in wastewater treatment plants and receiving rivers2014Ingår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 9, nr 9, artikel-id e108621Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The concentration of eleven antibiotics (trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, cefotaxime, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin), three decongestants (naphazoline, oxymetazoline, xylometazoline) and the antiviral drug oseltamivir's active metabolite, oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), were measured weekly at 21 locations within the River Thames catchment in England during the month of November 2009, the autumnal peak of the influenza A[H1N1]pdm09 pandemic. The aim was to quantify the pharmaceutical response to the pandemic and compare this to drug use during the late pandemic (March 2010) and the inter-pandemic periods (May 2011). A large and small wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were sampled in November 2009 to understand the differential fate of the analytes in the two WWTPs prior to their entry in the receiving river and to estimate drug users using a wastewater epidemiology approach. Mean hourly OC concentrations in the small and large WWTP's influent were 208 and 350 ng/L (max, 2070 and 550 ng/L, respectively). Erythromycin was the most concentrated antibiotic measured in Benson and Oxford WWTPs influent (max = 6,870 and 2,930 ng/L, respectively). Napthazoline and oxymetazoline were the most frequently detected and concentrated decongestant in the Benson WWTP influent (1650 and 67 ng/L) and effluent (696 and 307 ng/L), respectively, but were below detection in the Oxford WWTP. OC was found in 73% of November 2009's weekly river samples (max = 193 ng/L), but only in 5% and 0% of the late-and inter-pandemic river samples, respectively. The mean river concentration of each antibiotic during the pandemic largely fell between 17-74 ng/L, with clarithromycin (max = 292 ng/L) and erythromycin (max = 448 ng/L) yielding the highest single measure. In general, the concentration and frequency of detecting antibiotics in the river increased during the pandemic. OC was uniquely well-suited for the wastewater epidemiology approach owing to its nature as a prodrug, recalcitrance and temporally-and spatially-resolved prescription statistics.

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  • 48.
    Soudham, Venkata Prabhakar
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. Chalmers University of Technology.
    Biochemical conversion of biomass to biofuels: pretreatment–detoxification–hydrolysis–fermentation2015Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of lignocellulosic materials to replace fossil resources for the industrial production of fuels, chemicals, and materials is increasing. The carbohydrate composition of lignocellulose (i.e. cellulose and hemicellulose) is an abundant source of sugars. However, due to the feedstock recalcitrance, rigid and compact structure of plant cell walls, access to polysaccharides is hindered and release of fermentable sugars has become a bottle-neck. Thus, to overcome the recalcitrant barriers, thermochemical pretreatment with an acid catalyst is usually employed for the physical or chemical disruption of plant cell wall. After pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis is the preferred option to produce sugars that can be further converted into liquid fuels (e.g. ethanol) via fermentation by microbial biocatalysts. However, during acid pretreatment, several inhibitory compounds namely furfural, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, phenols, and aliphatic acids are released from the lignocellulose components. The presence of these compounds can greatly effect both enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. For instance, when Avicel cellulose and acid treated spruce wood hydrolysate were mixed, 63% decrease in the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was observed compared to when Avicel was hydrolyzed in aqueous citrate buffer. In addition, the acid hydrolysates were essentially non-fermentable. Therefore, the associated problems of lignocellulose conversion can be addressed either by using feedstocks that are less recalcitrant or by developing efficient pretreatment techniques that do not cause formation of inhibitory byproducts and simultaneously give high sugar yields. A variety of lignocellulose materials including woody substrates (spruce, pine, and birch), agricultural residues (sugarcane bagasse and reed canary grass), bark (pine bark), and transgenic aspens were evaluated for their saccharification potential. Apparently, woody substrates were more recalcitrant than the rest of the species and bark was essentially amorphous. However, the saccharification efficiency of these substrates varied based on the pretreatment method used. For instance, untreated reed canary grass was more recalcitrant than woody materials whereas the acid treated reed canary grass gave a higher sugar yield (64%) than the woody substrates (max 34%). Genetic modification of plants was beneficial, since under similar pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, up to 28% higher sugar production was achieved from the transgenic plants compare to the wild type. As an alternative to the commonly used acid catalysed pretreatments (prior to enzymatic hydrolysis) lignocellulose materials were treated with four ionic liquid solvents (ILs): two switchable ILs (SILs) -SO2DBUMEASIL and CO2DBUMEASIL, and two other ILs [Amim][HCO2] and [AMMorp][OAc]. viii After enzymatic hydrolysis of IL treated substrates, a maximum amount of glucan to glucose conversion of between 75% and 97% and a maximum total sugar yields of between 71% and 94% were obtained. When using acid pretreatment these values varied between 13-77% for glucan to glucose conversion and 26-83% for total sugar yield. For woody substrates, the hemicellulose recovery (max 92%) was higher for the IL treated substrates than compared to acid treated samples. However, in case of reed canary grass and pine bark the hemicellulose recovery (90% and 88%, respectively) was significantly higher for the acid treated substrates than the IL treated samples. To overcome the inhibitory problems associated with the lignocellulose hydrolysates, three chemical conditioning methods were used 1. detoxification with ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 2. application of reducing agents (sulfite, dithionite, or dithiothreitol) and 3. treatment with alkali: Ca(OH)2, NaOH, and NH4OH. The concentrations of inhibitory compounds were significantly lower after treatments with FeSO4 and H2O2 or alkali. Using reducing agents did not cause any decrease in the concentration of inhibitors, but detoxification of spruce acid hydrolysates resulted in up to 54% improvement of the hydrolysis efficiency (in terms of sugar release) compared to untreated samples. On the other hand, application of detoxification procedures to the aqueous buffer resulted in up to 39% decrease in hydrolysis efficiency, thus confirming that the positive effect of detoxification was due to the chemical alteration of inhibitory compounds. In addition, the fermentability of detoxified hydrolysates were investigated using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The detoxified hydrolysates were readily fermented to ethanol yielding a maximum ethanol concentration of 8.3 g/l while the undetoxified hydrolysates were basically non-fermentable.

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    Venkata Prabhakar Soudham - PhD Thesis
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    Spikblad
  • 49.
    Späth, Jana
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Arumugam, Preyan
    Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Research and Development Centre, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
    Lindberg, Richard H.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Abafe, Ovokeroye A.
    Residue Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council – Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Campus, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
    Jansson, Stina
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Fick, Jerker
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Buckley, Chris A.
    Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Research and Development Centre, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
    Biochar for the removal of detected micropollutants in south african domestic wastewater: a case study from a demonstration-scale decentralised wastewater treatment system in ethekwini2021Ingår i: Water S.A., ISSN 0378-4738, E-ISSN 1816-7950, Vol. 47, nr 4, s. 396-416Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The presence of micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, in surface and ground water has escalated globally, leading to adverse effects on aquatic organisms in receiving waters. Untreated or inadequately treated wastewater is the main source of micropollutants entering the environment. In South Africa, the consumption of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs is relatively higher than other nations; however, little data exists on the identification and remediation of micropollutants in domestic wastewater. In this study, a novel method to detect and measure 71 micropollutants using online solid phase extraction liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was developed. To test the method in the South African context, grab samples of the influent and anaerobically treated effluent (AF effluent) from a demonstration-scale decentralised wastewater treatment system in eThekwini (Durban) were taken over 3 consecutive days at 2 time points. The presence of 24 micropollutants was detected in the raw wastewater, with analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs, antiretrovirals, and antibiotics showing the highest concentrations and with the majority of compounds still present in the AF effluent. One antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, exceeded its predicted no-effect concentration in all influent and AF effluent samples. This suggests that the anaerobic treatment of the raw wastewater was not effective in removing micropollutants. Preliminary data from lab-scale adsorption experiments using biochar produced from a set of 4 feedstocks – olive residues, tomato residues, rice husks, and the African palm tree Raphia farinifera – showed average removal rates for 4 compounds of up to 62%. The application of biochar is thus recommended as a secondary treatment step in decentralised wastewater treatment for the removal of micropollutants in South Africa.

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  • 50.
    Stenlund, Olle
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för fysik.
    Design and Modelling of a Container for Optimal Flow Rate and Wastewater Purification2021Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (yrkesexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

      Industries are becoming more aware of how they use water in their production process. In many cases, they release wastewater back into the water supply untreated, which can cause adverse side effects to the ecosystem. A sustainable environment requires efficient water purification. One approach to purify wastewater uses rotating bed reactors. An impeller filled with catalyst pellets that absorb the pollutants spins in the contaminated fluid. The inertial forces from the spinning impeller propel the contaminated water through the packed bed and purify it. In this study, we used one of these rotating bed reactors. However, the motors that drive these impellers can be bulky and may not be compatible with some tanks or environments. To solve this problem, we designed, constructed, and tested a container around the impeller that provides maximal outflow, using only the impellers pumping capability. We also developed a CFD simulation of the container to analyze the internal flows and forces. Because the flow generated by the rotating impeller displaces the fluid in a radial direction, the design works as a custom-made centrifugal pump. We constructed the container using plastic and wood with an outlet nozzle made of metal. The container's pump capability was around 2.5 liters per second when the impeller spun at 300 RPM. The developed CFD simulations gave a higher flow rate at 3.1 liters/second but overall helped shed light on the internal forces happening inside the container during high RPM testing. The design could generate a sufficient outflow of fluids, converting kinetic fluid energy to fluid pressure energy at the outlet, causing a pump effect. Overall, the design proved sturdy and could handle the forces occurring inside the container. The implementation of this design could allow industries to more efficiently and ergonomically utilize the purifying capabilities of the RBR in otherwise complex scenarios. By purifying wastewater before releasing it back into the water supply, we can take immediate action in achieving a sustainable environment.

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