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  • 1. Abel, Olubunmi
    et al.
    Powell, John F
    Andersen, Peter M
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Al-Chalabi, Ammar
    Credibility analysis of putative disease-causing genes using bioinformatics2013In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 6, p. e64899-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Genetic studies are challenging in many complex diseases, particularly those with limited diagnostic certainty, low prevalence or of old age. The result is that genes may be reported as disease-causing with varying levels of evidence, and in some cases, the data may be so limited as to be indistinguishable from chance findings. When there are large numbers of such genes, an objective method for ranking the evidence is useful. Using the neurodegenerative and complex disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as a model, and the disease-specific database ALSoD, the objective is to develop a method using publicly available data to generate a credibility score for putative disease-causing genes.

    Methods: Genes with at least one publication suggesting involvement in adult onset familial ALS were collated following an exhaustive literature search. SQL was used to generate a score by extracting information from the publications and combined with a pathogenicity analysis using bioinformatics tools. The resulting score allowed us to rank genes in order of credibility. To validate the method, we compared the objective ranking with a rank generated by ALS genetics experts. Spearman's Rho was used to compare rankings generated by the different methods.

    Results: The automated method ranked ALS genes in the following order: SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, ANG, SPG11, NEFH, OPTN, ALS2, SETX, FIG4, VAPB, DCTN1, TAF15, VCP, DAO. This compared very well to the ranking of ALS genetics experts, with Spearman's Rho of 0.69 (P = 0.009).

    Conclusion: We have presented an automated method for scoring the level of evidence for a gene being disease-causing. In developing the method we have used the model disease ALS, but it could equally be applied to any disease in which there is genotypic uncertainty.

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  • 2. Abosch, Aviva
    et al.
    Timmermann, Lars
    Bartley, Sylvia
    Rietkerk, Hans Guido
    Whiting, Donald
    Connolly, Patrick J.
    Lanctin, David
    Hariz, Marwan I.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    An International Survey of Deep Brain Stimulation Procedural Steps2013In: Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, ISSN 1011-6125, E-ISSN 1423-0372, Vol. 91, no 1, p. 1-11Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is standard of care for the treatment of certain movement disorders.

    Objective: We sought to characterize the spectrum of steps performed in DBS surgery, at centers around the world where this surgery is performed.

    Methods: We identified the main steps in DBS surgery workflow and grouped these 19 steps into 3 phases (preoperative, operative, and postoperative). A survey tool, informed by a pilot survey, was administered internationally by trained study personnel at high- and low-volume DBS centers. Procedural components, duration, and surgeon motivational factors were assessed. Cluster analysis was used to identify procedural and behavioral clusters.

    Results: One hundred eighty-five procedure workflow surveys (143 DBS centers) and 65 online surveys of surgeon motivational drivers were completed (45% response rate). Significant heterogeneity in technique, operative time, and surgeon motivational drivers was reported across centers.

    Conclusions: We provide a description of the procedural steps involved in DBS surgery and the duration of these steps, based on an international survey. These data will enable individual surgeons and centers to examine their own experience relative to colleagues at other centers and in other countries. Such information could also be useful in comparing efficiencies and identifying workflow obstacles between different hospital environments.

  • 3. Abzhandadze, Tamar
    et al.
    Reinholdsson, Malin
    Palstam, Annie
    Eriksson, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Sunnerhagen, Katharina S.
    Transforming self-reported outcomes from a stroke register to the modified Rankin Scale: a cross-sectional, explorative study2020In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 10, no 1, article id 17215Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim was to create an algorithm to transform self-reported outcomes from a stroke register to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Two stroke registers were used: the Väststroke, a local register in Gothenburg, Sweden, and the Riksstroke, a Swedish national register. The reference variable, mRS (from Väststroke), was mapped with seven self-reported questions from Riksstroke. The transformation algorithm was created as a result of manual mapping performed by healthcare professionals. A supervised machine learning method—decision tree—was used to further evaluate the transformation algorithm. Of 1145 patients, 54% were male, the mean age was 71 y. The mRS grades 0, 1 and 2 could not be distinguished as a result of manual mapping or by using the decision tree analysis. Thus, these grades were merged. With manual mapping, 78% of the patients were correctly classified, and the level of agreement was almost perfect, weighted Kappa (Kw) was 0.81. With the decision tree, 80% of the patients were correctly classified, and substantial agreement was achieved, Kw = 0.67. The self-reported outcomes from a stroke register can be transformed to the mRS. A mRS algorithm based on manual mapping might be useful for researchers using self-reported questionnaire data.

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  • 4. Adams, D.
    et al.
    Coelho, T.
    Conceicao, I.
    Cruz, M. Waddington
    Schmidt, H.
    Buades, J.
    Campistol, J.
    Pouget, J.
    Berk, J.
    Ziyadeh, N.
    Partisano, A.
    Chen, J.
    Sweetser, M.
    Gollob, J.
    Suhr, Ole
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Phase 2 open-label extension (OLE) study of patisiran with or without a TTR stabilizer for the treatment of hereditary ATTR (hATTR) amyloidosis with polyneuropathy2017In: European Journal of Neurology, ISSN 1351-5101, E-ISSN 1468-1331, Vol. 24, p. 31-32Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 5. Adams, D.
    et al.
    Coelho, T.
    Suhr, Ole
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Conceicao, I.
    Waddington-Cruz, M.
    Schmidt, H.
    Campistol, J.
    Pouget, J.
    Buades, J.
    Falzone, R.
    Harrop, J.
    De Frutos, R.
    Butler, J.
    Cehelsky, J.
    Nochur, S.
    Vaishnaw, A.
    Gollob, J.
    Interim results from phase ii trial of aln-ttr02, a novel RNAi therapeutic for the treatment of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy2013In: Journal of the peripheral nervous system, ISSN 1085-9489, E-ISSN 1529-8027, Vol. 18, no Supplement 2, p. 1-2Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 6. Adams, D.
    et al.
    Gonzalez-Duarte, A.
    O'Riordan, W. D.
    Yang, C. -C
    Ueda, M.
    Kristen, A. V.
    Tournev, I.
    Schmidt, H. H.
    Coelho, T.
    Berk, J. L.
    Lin, K. -P
    Vita, G.
    Attarian, S.
    Plante-Bordeneuve, V.
    Mezei, M. M.
    Campistol, J. M.
    Buades, J.
    Brannagan, T. H. , I I I
    Kim, B. J.
    Oh, J.
    Parman, Y.
    Sekijima, Y.
    Hawkins, P. N.
    Solomon, S. D.
    Polydefkis, M.
    Dyck, P. J.
    Gandhi, P. J.
    Goyal, S.
    Chen, J.
    Strahs, A. L.
    Nochur, S. V.
    Sweetser, M. T.
    Garg, P. P.
    Vaishnaw, A. K.
    Gollob, J. A.
    Suhr, Ole B.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Patisiran, an RNAi Therapeutic, for Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis2018In: New England Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0028-4793, E-ISSN 1533-4406, Vol. 379, no 1, p. 11-21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Patisiran, an investigational RNA interference therapeutic agent, specifically inhibits hepatic synthesis of transthyretin.

    METHODS: In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive intravenous patisiran (0.3 mg per kilogram of body weight) or placebo once every 3 weeks. The primary end point was the change from baseline in the modified Neuropathy Impairment Score+7 (mNIS+7; range, 0 to 304, with higher scores indicating more impairment) at 18 months. Other assessments included the Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy (Norfolk QOL-DN) questionnaire (range, -4 to 136, with higher scores indicating worse quality of life), 10-m walk test (with gait speed measured in meters per second), and modified body-mass index (modified BMI, defined as [weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meters] x albumin level in grams per liter; lower values indicated worse nutritional status).

    RESULTS: A total of 225 patients underwent randomization (148 to the patisiran group and 77 to the placebo group). The mean (+/- SD) mNIS+7 at baseline was 80.9 +/- 41.5 in the patisiran group and 74.6 +/- 37.0 in the placebo group; the least-squares mean (+/- SE) change from baseline was -6.0 +/- 1.7 versus 28.0 +/- 2.6 (difference, -34.0 points; P<0.001) at 18 months. The mean (+/- SD) baseline Norfolk QOL-DN score was 59.6 +/- 28.2 in the patisiran group and 55.5 +/- 24.3 in the placebo group; the least-squares mean (+/- SE) change from baseline was -6.7 +/- 1.8 versus 14.4 +/- 2.7 (difference, -21.1 points; P<0.001) at 18 months. Patisiran also showed an effect on gait speed and modified BMI. At 18 months, the least-squares mean change from baseline in gait speed was 0.08 +/- 0.02 m per second with patisiran versus -0.24 +/- 0.04 m per second with placebo (difference, 0.31 m per second; P<0.001), and the least-squares mean change from baseline in the modified BMI was -3.7 +/- 9.6 versus -119.4 +/- 14.5 (difference, 115.7; P<0.001). Approximately 20% of the patients who received patisiran and 10% of those who received placebo had mild or moderate infusion-related reactions; the overall incidence and types of adverse events were similar in the two groups.

    CONCLUSIONS: In this trial, patisiran improved multiple clinical manifestations of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis.

  • 7.
    Adams, David
    et al.
    Department of Neurology, French National Reference Centre for Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy, CHU Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay APHP, INSERM U1195, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
    Ando, Yukio
    Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.
    Beirão, João Melo
    Ophthalmology Service, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
    Coelho, Teresa
    Centro Hospitalar Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
    Gertz, Morie A.
    Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
    Gillmore, Julian D.
    National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Hawkins, Philip N.
    National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Lousada, Isabelle
    Amyloidosis Research Consortium, Boston, MA, United States.
    Suhr, Ole B.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Merlini, Giampaolo
    Amyloidosis Center Foundation, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, San Matteo, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
    Expert consensus recommendations to improve diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis with polyneuropathy2021In: Journal of Neurology, ISSN 0340-5354, E-ISSN 1432-1459, Vol. 268, no 6, p. 2109-2122Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (PN) is a progressive, debilitating, systemic disease wherein transthyretin protein misfolds to form amyloid, which is deposited in the endoneurium. ATTR amyloidosis with PN is the most serious hereditary polyneuropathy of adult onset. It arises from a hereditary mutation in theTTRgene and may involve the heart as well as other organs. It is critical to identify and diagnose the disease earlier because treatments are available to help slow the progression of neuropathy. Early diagnosis is complicated, however, because presentation may vary and family history is not always known. Symptoms may be mistakenly attributed to other diseases such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy, lumbar spinal stenosis, and, more rarely, diabetic neuropathy and AL amyloidosis. In endemic countries (e.g., Portugal, Japan, Sweden, Brazil), ATTR amyloidosis with PN should be suspected in any patient who has length-dependent small-fiber PN with autonomic dysfunction and a family history of ATTR amyloidosis, unexplained weight loss, heart rhythm disorders, vitreous opacities, or renal abnormalities. In nonendemic countries, the disease may present as idiopathic rapidly progressive sensory motor axonal neuropathy or atypical CIDP with any of the above symptoms or with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, gait disorders, or cardiac hypertrophy. Diagnosis should include DNA testing, biopsy, and amyloid typing. Patients should be followed up every 6-12 months, depending on the severity of the disease and response to therapy. This review outlines detailed recommendations to improve the diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis with PN.

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  • 8. Adams, David
    et al.
    Polydefkis, Michael
    Gonzalez-Duarte, Alejandra
    Wixner, Jonas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Kristen, Arnt, V
    Schmidt, Hartmut H.
    Berk, John L.
    Losada Lopez, Ines Asuncion
    Dispenzieri, Angela
    Quan, Dianna
    Conceicao, Isabel M.
    Slama, Michel S.
    Gillmore, Julian D.
    Kyriakides, Theodoros
    Ajroud-Driss, Senda
    Waddington-Cruz, Marcia
    Mezei, Michelle M.
    Plante-Bordeneuve, Violaine
    Attarian, Shahram
    Mauricio, Elizabeth
    Brannagan, Thomas H., III
    Ueda, Mitsuharu
    Aldinc, Emre
    Wang, Jing Jing
    White, Matthew T.
    Vest, John
    Berber, Erhan
    Sweetser, Marianne T.
    Coelho, Teresa
    Pedrosa-Domellöf, Fatima
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Long-term safety and efficacy of patisiran for hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy: 12-month results of an open-label extension study2021In: Lancet Neurology, ISSN 1474-4422, E-ISSN 1474-4465, Vol. 20, no 1, p. 49-59Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis is a rare, inherited, progressive disease caused by mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. We assessed the safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with patisiran, an RNA interference therapeutic that inhibits TTR production, in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Methods This multicentre, open-label extension (OLE) trial enrolled patients at 43 hospitals or clinical centres in 19 countries as of Sept 24, 2018. Patients were eligible if they had completed the phase 3 APOLLO or phase 2 OLE parent studies and tolerated the study drug. Eligible patients from APOLLO (patisiran and placebo groups) and the phase 2 OLE (patisiran group) studies enrolled in this global OLE trial and received patisiran 0.3 mg/kg by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks with plans to continue to do so for up to 5 years. Efficacy assessments included measures of polyneuropathy (modified Neuropathy Impairment Score +7 [mNIS+7]), quality of life, autonomic symptoms, nutritional status, disability, ambulation status, motor function, and cardiac stress, with analysis by study groups (APOLLO-placebo, APOLLO-patisiran, phase 2 OLE patisiran) based on allocation in the parent trial. The global OLE is ongoing with no new enrolment, and current findings are based on the interim analysis of the patients who had completed 12-month efficacy assessments as of the data cutoff. Safety analyses included all patients who received one or more dose of patisiran up to the data cutoff. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02510261. Findings Between July 13, 2015, and Aug 21, 2017, of 212 eligible patients, 211 were enrolled: 137 patients from the APOLLO-patisiran group, 49 from the APOLLO-placebo group, and 25 from the phase 2 OLE patisiran group. At the data cutoff on Sept 24, 2018, 126 (92%) of 137 patients from the APOLLO-patisiran group, 38 (78%) of 49 from the APOLLO-placebo group, and 25 (100%) of 25 from the phase 2 OLE patisiran group had completed 12-month assessments. At 12 months, improvements in mNIS+7 with patisiran were sustained from parent study baseline with treatment in the global OLE (APOLLO-patisiran mean change -4.0, 95 % CI -7.7 to -0.3; phase 2 OLE patisiran -4.7, -11.9 to 2.4). Mean mNIS+7 score improved from global OLE enrolment in the APOLLO-placebo group (mean change from global OLE enrolment -1.4, 95% CI -6.2 to 3.5). Overall, 204 (97%) of 211 patients reported adverse events, 82 (39%) reported serious adverse events, and there were 23 (11%) deaths. Serious adverse events were more frequent in the APOLLO-placebo group (28 [57%] of 49) than in the APOLLO-patisiran (48 [35%] of 137) or phase 2 OLE patisiran (six [24%] of 25) groups. The most common treatment-related adverse event was mild or moderate infusion-related reactions. The frequency of deaths in the global OLE was higher in the APOLLO-placebo group (13 [27%] of 49), who had a higher disease burden than the APOLLO-patisiran (ten [7%] of 137) and phase 2 OLE patisiran (0 of 25) groups. Interpretation In this interim 12-month analysis of the ongoing global OLE study, patisiran appeared to maintain efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Continued long-term follow-up will be important for the overall assessment of safety and efficacy with patisiran. Copyright (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 9. Adams, David
    et al.
    Suhr, Ole B.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Hund, Ernst
    Obici, Laura
    Tournev, Ivailo
    Campistol, Josep M.
    Slama, Michel S.
    Hazenberg, Bouke P.
    Coelho, Teresa
    First European consensus for diagnosis, management, and treatment of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy2016In: Current Opinion in Neurology, ISSN 1350-7540, E-ISSN 1473-6551, Vol. 29, p. S14-S26Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose of review Early and accurate diagnosis of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) represents one of the major challenges faced by physicians when caring for patients with idiopathic progressive neuropathy. There is little consensus in diagnostic and management approaches across Europe. Recent findings The low prevalence of TTR-FAP across Europe and the high variation in both genotype and phenotypic expression of the disease means that recognizing symptoms can be difficult outside of a specialized diagnostic environment. The resulting delay in diagnosis and the possibility of misdiagnosis can misguide clinical decision-making and negatively impact subsequent treatment approaches and outcomes. Summary This review summarizes the findings from two meetings of the European Network for TTR-FAP (ATTReuNET). This is an emerging group comprising representatives from 10 European countries with expertise in the diagnosis and management of TTR-FAP, including nine National Reference Centres. The current review presents management strategies and a consensus on the gold standard for diagnosis of TTR-FAP as well as a structured approach to ongoing multidisciplinary care for the patient. Greater communication, not just between members of an individual patient's treatment team, but also between regional and national centres of expertise, is the key to the effective management of TTR-FAP.

  • 10. Adams, David
    et al.
    Suhr, Ole
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Conceicao, Isabel
    Waddington-Cruz, Marcia
    Schmidt, Hartmut
    Buades, Juan
    Campistol, Josep
    Pouget, Jean
    Berk, John
    Coelho, Teresa
    Phase 2 open-label extension study of patisiran, an investigational RNAi therapeutic for the treatment of familial amyloid polyneuropathy2015In: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, ISSN 0022-3050, E-ISSN 1468-330X, Vol. 86, no 11Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Adey, Brett N.
    et al.
    Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Cooper-Knock, Johnathan
    Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
    Al Khleifat, Ahmad
    Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Fogh, Isabella
    Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
    van Damme, Philip
    Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
    Corcia, Philippe
    UMR 1253, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Centre de référence sur la SLA, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.
    Couratier, Philippe
    Centre de référence sur la SLA, CHRU de Limoges, Limoges, France; UMR 1094, Université de Limoges, Inserm, Limoges, France.
    Hardiman, Orla
    Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
    McLaughlin, Russell
    Complex Trait Genomics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
    Gotkine, Marc
    Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
    Drory, Vivian
    Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
    Silani, Vincenzo
    Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
    Ticozzi, Nicola
    Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
    Veldink, Jan H.
    Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
    van den Berg, Leonard H.
    Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
    de Carvalho, Mamede
    Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
    Pinto, Susana
    Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
    Mora Pardina, Jesus S.
    ALS Unit, Hospital San Rafael, Madrid, Spain.
    Povedano Panades, Mónica
    Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
    Andersen, Peter M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences.
    Weber, Markus
    Neuromuscular Diseases Unit/ALS Clinic, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
    Başak, Nazli A.
    Koc University School of Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, NDAL, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Shaw, Christopher E.
    Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Shaw, Pamela J.
    Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
    Morrison, Karen E.
    School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
    Landers, John E.
    Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, MA, Worcester, United States.
    Glass, Jonathan D.
    Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, Atlanta, United States.
    Vourc’h, Patrick
    Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Service de Biochimie et Biologie molécularie, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.
    Dobson, Richard J. B.
    Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit at South London, Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
    Breen, Gerome
    Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Al-Chalabi, Ammar
    Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom; King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
    Jones, Ashley R.
    Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Iacoangeli, Alfredo
    Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit at South London, Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Large-scale analyses of CAV1 and CAV2 suggest their expression is higher in post-mortem ALS brain tissue and affects survival2023In: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, E-ISSN 1662-5102, Vol. 17, article id 1112405Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Caveolin-1 and Caveolin-2 (CAV1 and CAV2) are proteins associated with intercellular neurotrophic signalling. There is converging evidence that CAV1 and CAV2 (CAV1/2) genes have a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Disease-associated variants have been identified within CAV1/2 enhancers, which reduce gene expression and lead to disruption of membrane lipid rafts.

    Methods: Using large ALS whole-genome sequencing and post-mortem RNA sequencing datasets (5,987 and 365 tissue samples, respectively), and iPSC-derived motor neurons from 55 individuals, we investigated the role of CAV1/2 expression and enhancer variants in the ALS phenotype.

    Results: We report a differential expression analysis between ALS cases and controls for CAV1 and CAV2 genes across various post-mortem brain tissues and three independent datasets. CAV1 and CAV2 expression was consistently higher in ALS patients compared to controls, with significant results across the primary motor cortex, lateral motor cortex, and cerebellum. We also identify increased survival among carriers of CAV1/2 enhancer mutations compared to non-carriers within Project MinE and slower progression as measured by the ALSFRS. Carriers showed a median increase in survival of 345 days.

    Discussion: These results add to an increasing body of evidence linking CAV1 and CAV2 genes to ALS. We propose that carriers of CAV1/2 enhancer mutations may be conceptualised as an ALS subtype who present a less severe ALS phenotype with a longer survival duration and slower progression. Upregulation of CAV1/2 genes in ALS cases may indicate a causal pathway or a compensatory mechanism. Given prior research supporting the beneficial role of CAV1/2 expression in ALS patients, we consider a compensatory mechanism to better fit the available evidence, although further investigation into the biological pathways associated with CAV1/2 is needed to support this conclusion.

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  • 12. Agren, Richard
    et al.
    Bartek, Jiri, Jr.
    Johansson, Anders
    Blomstedt, Patric
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Fytagoridis, Anders
    Pulse Width and Implantable Pulse Generator Longevity in Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation for Dystonia: A Population-Based Comparative Effectiveness Study2020In: Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, ISSN 1011-6125, E-ISSN 1423-0372, Vol. 98, no 5, p. 331-336Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: A wide range of pulse widths (PWs) has been used in globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for dystonia. However, no specific PW has demonstrated clinical superiority, and the paradigm may differ among DBS centers.

    Objective: To investigate how different paradigms of PWs in GPi DBS for dystonia affect implantable pulse generator (IPG) longevities and energy consumption.

    Methods: Thirty-nine patients with dystonia treated with bilateral GPi DBS at 2 Swedish DBS centers from 2005 to 2015 were included. Different PW paradigms were used at the 2 centers, 60–90 µs (short PWs) and 450 µs (long PW), respectively. The frequency of IPG replacements, pulse effective voltage (PEV), IPG model, pre-/postoperative imaging, and clinical outcome based on the clinical global impression (CGI) scale were collected from the medical charts and compared between the 2 groups.

    Results: The average IPG longevity was extended for the short PWs (1,129 ± 50 days) compared to the long PW (925 ± 32 days; χ2 = 12.31, p = 0.0005, log-rank test). IPG longevity correlated inversely with PEV (Pearson’s r = –0.667, p < 0.0001). IPG longevities did not differ between Kinetra® and Activa® PC in the short (p = 0.319) or long PW group (p = 0.858). Electrode distances to the central sensorimotor region of the GPi did not differ between the short or long PW groups (p = 0.595). Pre- and postoperative CGI did not differ between groups.

    Conclusions: Short PWs were associated with decreased energy consumption and increased IPG longevity. These effects were not dependent on the IPG model or the anatomic location of the electrodes. PWs did not correlate with symptom severities or clinical outcomes. The results suggest that the use of short PWs might be more energy efficient and could therefore be preferred initially when programming patients with GPi DBS for dystonia.

  • 13.
    Ahlberg, Carolina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Event related cortical desynchronization during motor imagery in spinal cord injury patients Can electroencephalographically-recorded mu waves command a wheelchair?2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 14.
    Ahlenhed, Valdemar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Risk and predictive factors for poststroke epilepsy - Risk- och prediktiva faktorer för poststroke epilepsi2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 15.
    Ahlgren, Emanuel
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Boogh, Jonathan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Mätning av cerebral blodflödeshastighet med transkraniell doppler under stegrat arbetsprov: Genomförbarhet och klinisk relevans2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Hjärnskakning är en vanlig diagnos och vissa patienter upplever att fysisk ansträngning utlöser symtom lång tid efter hjärnskakningen. En förändring i reglering av cerebralt blodflöde (CBF) har visats vara en potentiell orsak bakom detta. Konditionsträning under tröskeln för symtomexacerbation kan förkorta återhämtningstiden för patienterna. På Neurorehab vid Norrlands universitetsjukhus i Umeå identifieras tröskeln med ett stegrat arbetsprov på ergometercykel. Det finns inte någon studie där transkraniell doppler (TCD) använts för att mäta förändringar i cerebralt blodflöde (CBF) under detta arbetsprov.

    Syfte: Att undersöka genomförbarhet och klinisk relevans av att använda TCD för mätning av blodflödeshastighet i arteria cerebri media (ACMh), hos friska män, under stegrat arbetsprov.

    Metod: Sex friska och regelbundet aktiva män genomförde ett stegrat arbetsprov på ergometercykel under samtidig mätning av hjärtfrekvens, blodtryck, partialtryck end-tidal CO2 (PetCO2) och blodflödeshastighet i arteria cerebri media (ACMh, mätt med TCD). Smärta från TCD-utrustning och upplevd ansträngning skattades. Tidsåtgången för TCD-tillägget samt eventuell signalförlust noterades.

    Resultat: Fem studiedeltagare rapporterade ökad smärta (huvudvärk), skattad med Borg CR10 skala, från TCD-utrustningen. Total tidsåtgång för TCD-tillägget var 7 minuter och 40 sekunder i median (IQR, 5 minuter och 32 sekunder). Signalförlust uppstod för en studiedeltagare på vänster sida. PetCO2 och ACMh följdes åt under arbetsprovet bortsett från avvikelser vid två tillfällen.

    Slutsatser: Studien visar att mätning av ACMh med TCD är genomförbart och ger relevant information om hur CBF ter sig under genomförandet av stegrat arbetsprov. TCD-utrustningen orsakade smärta vilket kan vara problematiskt vid genomförande för personer med postkontusionellt syndrom.

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  • 16.
    Ahmadi, Mahboobah
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Anatomy. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Liu, Jing-Xia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Anatomy.
    Brännström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Andersen, Peter M
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology.
    Stål, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Anatomy.
    Pedrosa-Domellöf, Fatima
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Human extraocular muscles in ALS2010In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, ISSN 0146-0404, E-ISSN 1552-5783, Vol. 51, no 7, p. 3494-3501Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE. To investigate the general morphology, fiber type content, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition of extraocular muscles (EOMs) from postmortem donors with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to evaluate whether EOMs are affected or truly spared in this disease. METHODS. EOM and limb muscle samples obtained at autopsy from ALS donors and EOM samples from four control donors were processed for immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against distinct MyHC isoforms and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin staining and nicotinamide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) activity were studied. RESULTS. Wide heterogeneity was observed in the appearance of the different EOMs from each single donor and between donors, irrespective of ALS type or onset. Pathologic morphologic findings in ALS EOMs included presence of atrophic and hypertrophic fibers, either clustered in groups or scattered; increased amounts of connective tissue; and areas of fatty replacement. The population of fibers stained with anti-MyHCslow tonic was smaller than that of MyHCIpositive fibers and was mostly located in the orbital layer in most of the ALS EOM samples, whereas an identical staining pattern for both fiber populations was observed in the control specimens. MyHCembryonic was notably absent from the ALS EOMs. CONCLUSIONS. The EOMs showed signs of involvement with altered fiber type composition, contractile protein content, and cellular architecture. However, when compared to the limb muscles, the EOMs were remarkably preserved. EOMs are a useful model for the study of the pathophysiology of ALS.

  • 17. Ahman, Hanna Bozkurt
    et al.
    Giedraitis, Vilmantas
    Cedervall, Ylva
    Lennhed, Bjorn
    Berglund, Lars
    McKee, Kevin
    Kilander, Lena
    Rosendahl, Erik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Ingelsson, Martin
    Aberg, Anna Cristina
    Dual-Task Performance and Neurodegeneration: Correlations Between Timed Up-and-Go Dual-Task Test Outcomes and Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers2019In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, ISSN 1387-2877, E-ISSN 1875-8908, Vol. 71, p. S75-S83Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Tools to identify individuals at preclinical stages of dementia disorders are needed to enable early interventions. Alterations in dual-task performance have been detected early in progressive neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, dual-task testing may have the potential to screen for cognitive impairment caused by neurodegeneration. Exploring correlations between dual-task performance and biomarkers of neurodegeneration is therefore of interest.

    Objective: To investigate correlations between Timed Up-and-Go dual-task (TUGdt) outcomes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers amyloid-beta 42 (A beta(42)), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau).

    Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study included 90 participants (age range 49-84 years) undergoing memory assessment, who were subsequently diagnosed with AD, other dementia disorders, mild cognitive impairment, or subjective cognitive impairment. TUG combined with "Naming Animals" (TUGdt NA) and "Months Backwards" (TUGdt MB), respectively, were used to assess dual-task performance. The number of correct words and time taken to complete the tests were measured. The CSF biomarkers were analysed by ELISA. Spearman's rank correlation was used for analyses between TUGdt outcomes (TUGdt NA and TUGdt MB), and CSF biomarkers, adjusted for age, gender, and educational level.

    Results: The number of correct words, as well as the number of correct words/10 s during TUGdt NA correlated negatively to CSF t-tau and p-tau. No correlations were found between any time scores and CSF biomarkers.

    Conclusion: The correlations between TUGdt NA and t-tau and p-tau may indicate that neurodegeneration affects dual-task performance. Longitudinal studies are needed to further explore dual-task testing in screening for cognitive impairment due to neurodegeneration.

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  • 18.
    Aineskog, Helena
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Johansson, Conny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Nilsson, Robert
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Lindvall, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Serum S100B correlates with health-related quality of life and functional outcome in patients at 1 year after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage2022In: Acta Neurochirurgica, ISSN 0001-6268, E-ISSN 0942-0940, Vol. 164, no 8, p. 2209-2218Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Early, objective prognostication after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is difficult. A biochemical marker would be desirable. Correlation has been found between levels of the protein S100 beta (S100B) and outcome after aSAH. Timing and clinical usefulness are under investigation.

    METHODS: Eighty-nine patients admitted within 48 h of aSAH were included. Modified ranking scale (mRS), EuroQoL health-related quality of life measure (EQ-5Dindex) and EuroQoL visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) values were evaluated after 1 year. S100B was measured in blood samples collected at admission and up to day 10.

    RESULTS: S100B correlated significantly with EQ-5Dindex and mRS, but not EQ-VAS at 1 year after aSAH. A receiver operating characteristic analysis for peak S100B values (area under the curve 0.898, 95% confidence interval 0.828-0.968, p < 0.0001), with a cutoff of 0.4 μg/l, yielded 95.3% specificity and 68% sensitivity for predicting unfavourable outcome. Dichotomized S100B (> 0.4 μg/l vs ≤ 0.4 μg/l), age and Hunt and Hess grading scale score (HH) were associated with unfavourable mRS outcome in univariate logistic regression analysis. Dichotomized S100B was the only variable independently correlated with unfavourable mRS outcome in a multivariate logistic regression analysis.

    CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, S100B was shown to correlate with mRS and health-related quality of life at 1 year after aSAH. Peak S100B can be used as a prognostic factor for unfavourable outcome measured as dichotomized mRS after aSAH. A peak value cutoff of 0.4 μg/l is suggested. Ethical approval no: 2013/366-31, 4th of February 2014.

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  • 19.
    Ajob, Leith
    et al.
    Sunderby sjukhus, Luleå, Sverige.
    Brännström, Ingrid
    Sunderby sjukhus, Luleå, Sverige.
    Ott, Michael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Werneke, Ursula
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry. Fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (FRCPsych).
    ABC om Wernickes encefalopati: [Wernicke encephalopathy]2017In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 114, article id ELZTArticle in journal (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Ajobi, Faisal Farhan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Tidig neuroinflammation och prognosen i Parkinsonssjukdom2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 21. Ajroud-Driss, Senda
    et al.
    Adams, David
    Coelho, Teresa
    Polydefkis, Michael
    Gonzalez-Duarte, Alejandra
    Quan, Dianna
    Kristen, Arnt
    Berk, John
    Agarwal, Sonalee
    Partisano, Angela
    Gollob, Jared
    Sweester, Marianne
    Chen, Jihong
    Suhr, Ole B.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Impact of Patisiran on overall health status in hATTR amyloidosis: Results from the APOLLO trial2018In: Journal of the peripheral nervous system, ISSN 1085-9489, E-ISSN 1529-8027, Vol. 23, no 4, p. 272-273Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 22. Akinwuntan, Abiodun
    et al.
    Hu, Xiao-Lei
    Terrill, lexandra L.
    Perea Burns, Suzanne
    Cooper Hay, Catherine
    Belagaje, Samir R.
    Young Stroke: Resources for Patients, Their Families, and Caregivers for Long-Term Community Living2021In: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0003-9993, E-ISSN 1532-821X, Vol. 102, no 5, p. 1035-1039Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 23. Akram, Harith
    et al.
    Dayal, Viswas
    Mahlknecht, Philipp
    Georgiev, Dejan
    Hyam, Jonathan
    Foltynie, Thomas
    Limousin, Patricia
    De Vita, Enrico
    Jahanshahi, Marjan
    Ashburner, John
    Behrens, Tim
    Hariz, Marwan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience. Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
    Zrinzo, Ludvic
    Connectivity derived thalamic segmentation in deep brain stimulation for tremor2018In: NeuroImage: Clinical, E-ISSN 2213-1582, Vol. 18, p. 130-142Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus is an established surgical target for stereotactic ablation and deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). It is centrally placed on a cerebello-thalamo-cortical network connecting the primary motor cortex, to the dentate nucleus of the contralateral cerebellum through the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT). The VIM is not readily visible on conventional MR imaging, so identifying the surgical target traditionally involved indirect targeting that relies on atlas-defined coordinates. Unfortunately, this approach does not fully account for individual variability and requires surgery to be performed with the patient awake to allow for intraoperative targeting confirmation. The aim of this study is to identify the VIM and the DRT using probabilistic tractography in patients that will undergo thalamic DBS for tremor. Four male patients with tremor dominant PD and five patients (three female) with ET underwent high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) (128 diffusion directions, 1.5 mm isotropic voxels and b value = 1500) preoperatively. Patients received VIM-DBS using an MR image guided and MR image verified approach with indirect targeting. Postoperatively, using parallel Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) processing, thalamic areas with the highest diffusion connectivity to the primary motor area (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA), primary sensory area (S1) and contralateral dentate nucleus were identified. Additionally, volume of tissue activation (VTA) corresponding to active DBS contacts were modelled. Response to treatment was defined as 40% reduction in the total Fahn-Tolosa-Martin Tremor Rating Score (FTMTRS) with DBS-ON, one year from surgery. Three out of nine patients had a suboptimal, long-term response to treatment. The segmented thalamic areas corresponded well to anatomically known counterparts in the ventrolateral (VL) and ventroposterior (VP) thalamus. The dentate-thalamic area, lay within the M1-thalamic area in a ventral and lateral location. Streamlines corresponding to the DRT connected M1 to the contralateral dentate nucleus via the dentate-thalamic area, clearly crossing the midline in the mesencephalon. Good response was seen when the active contact VTA was in the thalamic area with highest connectivity to the contralateral dentate nucleus. Non-responders had active contact VTAs outside the dentate-thalamic area. We conclude that probabilistic tractography techniques can be used to segment the VL and VP thalamus based on cortical and cerebellar connectivity. The thalamic area, best representing the VIM, is connected to the contralateral dentate cerebellar nucleus. Connectivity based segmentation of the VIM can be achieved in individual patients in a clinically feasible timescale, using HARDI and high performance computing with parallel GPU processing. This same technique can map out the DRT tract with clear mesencephalic crossing.

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  • 24. Akram, Harith
    et al.
    Limousin, Patricia
    Hyam, Jonathan
    Hariz, Marwan I.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience. Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London.
    Zrinzo, Ludvic
    Aim for the Suprasternal Notch: Technical Note to Avoid Bowstringing after Deep Brain Stimulation2015In: Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, ISSN 1011-6125, E-ISSN 1423-0372, Vol. 93, no 4, p. 227-230Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Bowstringing may occur when excessive fibrosis develops around extension cables in the neck after deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Though the occurrence of this phenomenon is rare, we have noted that it tends to cause maximal discomfort when the cables cross superficially over the convexity of the clavicle. We hypothesise that bowstringing may be avoided by directing the extension cables towards the suprasternal notch. Methods: When connecting DBS leads to an infraclavicular pectoral implantable pulse generator (IPG), tunnelling is directed towards the suprasternal I notch, before being directed laterally towards the IPG pocket. In previously operated patients with established fibrosis, the fibrous tunnel is opened and excised as far cranially as possible, allowing medial rerouting of cables. Using this approach, we reviewed our series of patients who underwent DBS surgery over 10 years. Results: In 429 patients, 7 patients (2%) with cables tunnelled over the convexity of the clavicle complaining of bowstringing underwent cable exploration and rerouting. This eliminated bowstringing and provided better cosmetic results. When the cable trajectory was initially directed towards the suprasternal notch, no bowstringing was observed. Conclusion:The tunnelling trajectory appears to influence postoperative incidence of fibrosis associated with DBS cables. Modifying the surgical technique may reduce the incidence of this troublesome adverse event. (C) 2015 S.Karger AG, Basel

  • 25. Akram, Harith
    et al.
    Miller, Sarah
    Lagrata, Susie
    Hariz, Marwan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI).
    Ashburner, John
    Behrens, Tim
    Matharu, Manjit
    Zrinzo, Ludvic
    Optimal deep brain stimulation site and target connectivity for chronic cluster headache2017In: Neurology, ISSN 0028-3878, E-ISSN 1526-632X, Vol. 89, no 20, p. 2083-2091Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To investigate the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation for refractory chronic cluster headache and the optimal target within the ventral tegmental area. Methods: Seven patients with refractory chronic cluster headache underwent high spatial and angular resolution diffusion MRI preoperatively. MRI-guided and MRI-verified electrode implantation was performed unilaterally in 5 patients and bilaterally in 2. Volumes of tissue activation were generated around active lead contacts with a finite-element model. Twelve months after surgery, voxel-based morphometry was used to identify voxels associated with higher reduction in headache load. Probabilistic tractography was used to identify the brain connectivity of the activation volumes in responders, defined as patients with a reduction of >= 30% in headache load. Results: There was no surgical morbidity. Average follow-up was 34 +/- 14 months. Patients showed reductions of 76 +/- 33% in headache load, 46 +/- 41% in attack severity, 58 +/- 41% in headache frequency, and 51 +/- 46% in attack duration at the last follow-up. Six patients responded to treatment. Greatest reduction in headache load was associated with activation in an area cantered at 6 mm lateral, 2 mm posterior, and 1 mm inferior to the midcommissural point of the third ventricle. Average responders' activation volume lay on the trigeminohypothalamic tract, connecting the trigeminal system and other brainstem nuclei associated with nociception and pain modulation with the hypothalamus, and the prefrontal and mesial temporal areas. Conclusions: We identify the optimal stimulation site and structural connectivity of the deep brain stimulation target for cluster headache, explicating possible mechanisms of action and disease pathophysiology.

  • 26. Akram, Harith
    et al.
    Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N.
    Jbabdi, Saad
    Georgiev, Dejan
    Mahlknecht, Philipp
    Hyam, Jonathan
    Foltynie, Thomas
    Limousin, Patricia
    De Vita, Enrico
    Jahanshahi, Marjan
    Hariz, Marwan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience. Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
    Ashburner, John
    Behrens, Tim
    Zrinzo, Ludvic
    Subthalamic deep brain stimulation sweet spots and hyperdirect cortical connectivity in Parkinson's disease2017In: NeuroImage, ISSN 1053-8119, E-ISSN 1095-9572, Vol. 158, p. 332-345Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Firstly, to identify subthalamic region stimulation clusters that predict maximum improvement in rigidity, bradykinesia and tremor, or emergence of side-effects; and secondly, to map-out the cortical fingerprint, mediated by the hyperdirect pathways which predict maximum efficacy.

    Methods: High angular resolution diffusion imaging in twenty patients with advanced Parkinson's disease was acquired prior to bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. All contacts were screened one-year from surgery for efficacy and side-effects at different amplitudes. Voxel-based statistical analysis of volumes of tissue activated models was used to identify significant treatment clusters. Probabilistic tractography was employed to identify cortical connectivity patterns associated with treatment efficacy.

    Results: All patients responded well to treatment (46% mean improvement off medication UPDRS-III [p < 0.0001]) without significant adverse events. Cluster corresponding to maximum improvement in tremor was in the posterior, superior and lateral portion of the nucleus. Clusters corresponding to improvement in bradykinesia and rigidity were nearer the superior border in a further medial and posterior location. The rigidity cluster extended beyond the superior border to the area of the zona incerta and Forel-H-2 field. When the clusters where averaged, the coordinates of the area with maximum overall efficacy was X = -10(-9.5), Y = -3(-1) and Z = -7(-3) in MNI(AC-PC) space. Cortical connectivity to primary motor area was predictive of higher improvement in tremor; whilst that to supplementary motor area was predictive of improvement in bradykinesia and rigidity; and connectivity to prefrontal cortex was predictive of improvement in rigidity.

    Interpretation: These findings support the presence of overlapping stimulation sites within the subthalamic nucleus and its superior border, with different cortical connectivity patterns, associated with maximum improvement in tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia.

  • 27. Akram, Harith
    et al.
    Wu, Chengyuan
    Hyam, Jonathan
    Foltynie, Thomas
    Limousin, Patricia
    De Vita, Enrico
    Yousry, Tarek
    Jahanshahi, Marjan
    Hariz, Marwan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience. Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
    Behrens, Timothy
    Ashburner, John
    Zrinzo, Ludvic
    L-Dopa Responsiveness Is Associated With Distinctive Connectivity Patterns in Advanced Parkinson's Disease2017In: Movement Disorders, ISSN 0885-3185, E-ISSN 1531-8257, Vol. 32, no 6, p. 874-883Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Neuronal loss and dopamine depletion alter motor signal processing between cortical motor areas, basal ganglia, and the thalamus, resulting in the motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Dopamine replacement therapy can reverse these manifestations with varying degrees of improvement. Methods: To evaluate functional connectivity in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease and changes in functional connectivity in relation to the degree of response to L-dopa, 19 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in the on-medication state. Scans were obtained on a 3-Tesla scanner in 3x3x2.5mm(3) voxels. Seed-based bivariate regression analyses were carried out with atlas-defined basal ganglia regions as seeds, to explore relationships between functional connectivity and improvement in the motor section of the UPDRS-III following an L-dopa challenge. False discovery rate-corrected P was set at < 0.05 for a 2-tailed t test. Results: A greater improvement in UPDRS-III scores following L-dopa administration was characterized by higher resting-state functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and the striatum (P=0.001) and lower resting-state functional connectivity between the pallidum (P=0.001), subthalamic nucleus (P=0.003), and the paracentral lobule (supplementary motor area, mesial primary motor, and primary sensory areas). Conclusions: Our findings show characteristic basal ganglia resting-state functional connectivity patterns associated with different degrees of L-dopa responsiveness in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. L-Dopa exerts a graduated influence on remapping connectivity in distinct motor control networks, potentially explaining some of the variance in treatment response.

  • 28. Al Nimer, Faiez
    et al.
    Elliott, Christina
    Bergman, Joakim
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Khademi, Mohsen
    Dring, Ann M
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Aeinehband, Shahin
    Bergenheim, Tommy
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Christensen, Jeppe Romme
    Sellebjerg, Finn
    Svenningsson, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Linington, Christopher
    Olsson, Tomas
    Piehl, Fredrik
    Lipocalin-2 is increased in progressive multiple sclerosis and inhibits remyelination2016In: Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, E-ISSN 2332-7812, Vol. 3, no 1, article id e191Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: We aimed to examine the regulation of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its potential functional relevance with regard to myelination and neurodegeneration. Methods: We determined LCN2 levels in 3 different studies: (1) in CSF and plasma from a case-control study comparing patients with MS (n = 147) with controls (n = 50) and patients with relapsing-remitting MS (n = 75) with patients with progressive MS (n = 72); (2) in CSF and brain tissue microdialysates from a case series of 7 patients with progressive MS; and (3) in CSF at baseline and 60 weeks after natalizumab treatment in a cohort study of 17 patients with progressive MS. Correlation to neurofilament light, a marker of neuroaxonal injury, was tested. The effect of LCN2 on myelination and neurodegeneration was studied in a rat in vitro neuroglial cell coculture model. Results: Intrathecal production of LCN2 was increased predominantly in patients with progressive MS (p < 0.005 vs relapsing-remitting MS) and displayed a positive correlation to neurofilament light (p = 0.005). Levels of LCN2 in brain microdialysates were severalfold higher than in the CSF, suggesting local production in progressive MS. Treatment with natalizumab in progressive MS reduced LCN2 levels an average of 13% (p < 0.0001). LCN2 was found to inhibit remyelination in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Conclusions: LCN2 production is predominantly increased in progressive MS. Although this moderate increase does not support the use of LCN2 as a biomarker, the correlation to neurofilament light and the inhibitory effect on remyelination suggest that LCN2 might contribute to neurodegeneration through myelination-dependent pathways.

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  • 29. Alakurtti, Kati
    et al.
    Johansson, Jarkko J.
    Joutsa, Juho
    Laine, Matti
    Backman, Lars
    Nyberg, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences.
    Rinne, Juha O.
    Long-term test-retest reliability of striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D-2/3 receptor binding: study with [C-11]raclopride and high-resolution PET2015In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, ISSN 0271-678X, E-ISSN 1559-7016, Vol. 35, no 7, p. 1199-1205Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We measured the long-term test-retest reliability of [C-11]raclopride binding in striatal subregions, the thalamus and the cortex using the bolus-plus-infusion method and a high-resolution positron emission scanner. Seven healthy male volunteers underwent two positron emission tomography (PET) [C-11]raclopride assessments, with a 5-week retest interval. D-2/3 receptor availability was quantified as binding potential using the simplified reference tissue model. Absolute variability (VAR) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values indicated very good reproducibility for the striatum and were 4.5%/0.82, 3.9%/0.83, and 3.9%/0.82, for the caudate nucleus, putamen, and ventral striatum, respectively. Thalamic reliability was also very good, with VAR of 3.7% and ICC of 0.92. Test-retest data for cortical areas showed good to moderate reproducibility (6.1% to 13.1%). Our results are in line with previous test-retest studies of [C-11]raclopride binding in the striatum. A novel finding is the relatively low variability of [C-11]raclopride binding, providing suggestive evidence that extrastriatal D-2/3 binding can be studied in vivo with [C-11]raclopride PET to be verified in future studies.

  • 30. Al-Chalabi, Ammar
    et al.
    Andersen, Peter M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Chandran, Siddharthan
    Chio, Adriano
    Corcia, Philippe
    Couratier, Philippe
    Danielsson, Olof
    de Carvalho, Mamede
    Desnuelle, Claude
    Grehl, Torsten
    Grosskreutz, Julian
    Holmøy, Trygve
    Ingre, Caroline
    Karlsborg, Merete
    Kleveland, Grethe
    Christoph Koch, Jan
    Koritnik, Blaz
    KuzmaKozakiewicz, Magdalena
    Laaksovirta, Hannu
    Ludolph, Albert
    McDermott, Christopher
    Meyer, Thomas
    Ropero, Bernardo Mitre
    Pardina, Jesus Mora
    Nygren, Ingela
    Petri, Susanne
    Povedano Panades, Mónica
    Salachas, Francois
    Shaw, Pamela
    Silani, Vincenzo
    Staaf, Gert
    Svenstrup, Kirsten
    Talbot, Kevin
    Tysnes, Ole-Bjørn
    Van Damme, Philip
    van der Kooi, Anneke
    Weber, Markus
    Weydt, Patrick
    Wolf, Joachim
    Hardiman, Orla
    van den Berg, Leonard H.
    July 2017 ENCALS statement on edaravone2017In: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, ISSN 2167-8421, E-ISSN 2167-9223, Vol. 18, no 7-8, p. 471-474Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 31. Alonso-Magdalena, Lucía
    et al.
    Zia, Elisabet
    Carmona I Codina, Olga
    Pessah-Rasmussen, Hélène
    Sundström, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Malmö, southern Sweden2022In: Multiple Sclerosis International, ISSN 2090-2654, E-ISSN 2090-2662, article id 5464370Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Malmö municipality in southwestern Sweden.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multiple sources were used in the case identification process. Case ascertainment was assessed by medical chart review including examinations such as magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analyses, and relevant laboratory tests. Cases were classified according to the 2010 McDonald's diagnostic criteria. Onset-adjusted prevalence and a definition of onset symptoms were applied.

    RESULTS: The crude incidence of MS in 2001-2010 in Malmö municipality was 5.3/100,000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.5 to 6.2). There was a relapsing onset in 90.5% of cases. The female to male ratio was 1.8. The onset-adjusted prevalence for Dec 2010 was 133/100,000 (95% CI, 120 to 146) with a female to male ratio of 2.1.

    CONCLUSIONS: This is the first population-based epidemiological study in Skåne, the most southwestern part of Sweden showing a high incidence and prevalence. We found a lower incidence than expected according to previous nationwide figures, probably due to methodological differences between the studies. Our findings support the presence of a north-south gradient of MS prevalence in Sweden.

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  • 32. Alping, P.
    et al.
    Islam-Jakobsson, Protik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Novakova, L.
    Salzer, Jonatan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Björck, A.
    Axelsson, M.
    Malmeström, C.
    Fink, K.
    Frisell, T.
    Lycke, J.
    Svenningsson, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Piehl, F.
    Superior efficacy and tolerability of rituximab as compared to fingolimod for MS patients switching from natalizumab due to positive JC virus serology2015In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, ISSN 1352-4585, E-ISSN 1477-0970, Vol. 21, no 11, p. 555-555, article id P1079Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 33. Alping, Peter
    et al.
    Askling, Johan
    Burman, Joachim
    Fink, Katharina
    Fogdell-Hahn, Anna
    Gunnarsson, Martin
    Hillert, Jan
    Langer-Gould, Annette
    Lycke, Jan
    Nilsson, Petra
    Salzer, Jonatan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Svenningsson, Anders
    Vrethem, Magnus
    Olsson, Tomas
    Piehl, Fredrik
    Frisell, Thomas
    Cancer Risk for Fingolimod, Natalizumab, and Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis Patients2020In: Annals of Neurology, ISSN 0364-5134, E-ISSN 1531-8249, Vol. 87, no 5, p. 688-699Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Novel, highly effective disease-modifying therapies have revolutionized multiple sclerosis (MS) care. However, evidence from large comparative studies on important safety outcomes, such as cancer, is still lacking.

    Methods: In this nationwide register-based cohort study, we linked data from the Swedish MS register to the Swedish Cancer Register and other national health care and census registers. We included 4,187 first-ever initiations of rituximab, 1,620 of fingolimod, and 1,670 of natalizumab in 6,136 MS patients matched for age, sex, and location to 37,801 non-MS general population subjects. Primary outcome was time to first invasive cancer.

    Results: We identified 78 invasive cancers among treated patients: rituximab 33 (incidence rate [IR] per 10,000 person-years = 34.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 23.7-48.3), fingolimod 28 (IR = 44.0, 95% CI = 29.2-63.5), and natalizumab 17 (IR = 26.0, 95% CI = 15.1-41.6). The general population IR was 31.0 (95% CI = 27.8-34.4). Adjusting for baseline characteristics, we found no difference in risk of invasive cancer between rituximab, natalizumab, and the general population but a possibly higher risk with fingolimod compared to the general population (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.98-2.38) and rituximab (HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.00-2.84).

    Interpretation: In this first large comparative study of 3 highly effective MS disease-modifying therapies, no increased risk of invasive cancer was seen with rituximab and natalizumab, compared to the general population. However, there was a borderline-significant increased risk with fingolimod, compared to both the general population and rituximab. It was not possible to attribute this increased risk to any specific type of cancer, and further studies are warranted to validate these findings.

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  • 34. Alping, Peter
    et al.
    Frisell, Thomas
    Novakova, Lenka
    Islam-Jakobsson, Protik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Salzer, Jonatan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Björck, Anna
    Axelsson, Markus
    Malmeström, Clas
    Fink, Katharina
    Lycke, Jan
    Svenningsson, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience. Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Piehl, Fredrik
    Rituximab versus Fingolimod after Natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis Patients2016In: Annals of Neurology, ISSN 0364-5134, E-ISSN 1531-8249, Vol. 79, no 6, p. 950-958Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Many JC virus antibody-positive relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients who are stable on natalizumab switch to other therapies to avoid progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

    Methods: We compared outcomes for all RRMS patients switching from natalizumab due to JC virus antibody positivity at 3 Swedish multiple sclerosis centers with different preferential use of rituximab and fingolimod (Stockholm, n = 156, fingolimod 51%; Gothenburg, n = 64, fingolimod 88%; Umea, n = 36, fingolimod 19%), yielding a total cohort of N = 256 (fingolimod 55%).

    Results: Within 1.5 years of cessation of natalizumab, 1.8% (rituximab) and 17.6% (fingolimod) of patients experienced a clinical relapse (hazard ratio for rituximab = 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02-0.43). The hazard ratio (favoring rituximab) for adverse events (5.3% vs 21.1%) and treatment discontinuation (1.8% vs 28.2%) were 0.25 (95% CI = 0.10-0.59) and 0.07 (95% CI = 0.02-0.30), respectively. Furthermore, contrast-enhancing lesions were found in 1.4% (rituximab) versus 24.2% (fingolimod) of magnetic resonance imaging examinations (odds ratio = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.00-0.22). Differences remained when adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, disability status, time on natalizumab, washout time, follow-up time, and study center).

    Interpretation: Our findings suggest an improved effectiveness and tolerability of rituximab compared with fingolimod in stable RRMS patients who switch from natalizumab due to JC virus antibody positivity. Although residual confounding factors cannot be ruled out, the shared reason for switching from natalizumab and the preferential use of either rituximab or fingolimod in 2 of the centers mitigates these concerns.

  • 35.
    Alqabandi, Maryam
    et al.
    Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France.
    de Franceschi, Nicola
    Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France.
    Maity, Sourav
    Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, Netherlands.
    Miguet, Nolwenn
    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France.
    Bally, Marta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Roos, Wouter H.
    Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, Netherlands.
    Weissenhorn, Winfried
    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France.
    Bassereau, Patricia
    Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France.
    Mangenot, Stéphanie
    Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France.
    The ESCRT-III isoforms CHMP2A and CHMP2B display different effects on membranes upon polymerization2021In: BMC Biology, E-ISSN 1741-7007, Vol. 19, no 1, article id 66Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: ESCRT-III proteins are involved in many membrane remodeling processes including multivesicular body biogenesis as first discovered in yeast. In humans, ESCRT-III CHMP2 exists as two isoforms, CHMP2A and CHMP2B, but their physical characteristics have not been compared yet.

    Results: Here, we use a combination of techniques on biomimetic systems and purified proteins to study their affinity and effects on membranes. We establish that CHMP2B binding is enhanced in the presence of PI(4,5)P2 lipids. In contrast, CHMP2A does not display lipid specificity and requires CHMP3 for binding significantly to membranes. On the micrometer scale and at moderate bulk concentrations, CHMP2B forms a reticular structure on membranes whereas CHMP2A (+CHMP3) binds homogeneously. Thus, CHMP2A and CHMP2B unexpectedly induce different mechanical effects to membranes: CHMP2B strongly rigidifies them while CHMP2A (+CHMP3) has no significant effect.

    Conclusions: We therefore conclude that CHMP2B and CHMP2A exhibit different mechanical properties and might thus contribute differently to the diverse ESCRT-III-catalyzed membrane remodeling processes.

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  • 36.
    Alstermark, Bror
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Physiology.
    Ekerot, Carl-Fredrik
    The lateral reticular nucleus: integration of descending and ascending systems regulating voluntary forelimb movements2015In: Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, E-ISSN 1662-5188, Vol. 9, article id 102Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cerebellar control of movements is dependent on mossy fiber input conveying information about sensory and premotor activity in the spinal cord. While much is known about spino-cerebellar systems, which provide the cerebellum with detailed sensory information, much less is known about systems conveying motor information. Individual motoneurones do not have projections to spino-cerebellar neurons. Instead, the fastest route is from last order spinal interneurons. In order to identify the networks that convey ascending premotor information from last order interneurons, we have focused on the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), which provides the major mossy fiber input to cerebellum from spinal interneuronal systems. Three spinal ascending systems to the LRN have been investigated: the C3-C4 propriospinal neurones (PNs), the ipsilateral forelimb tract (iFT) and the bilateral ventral flexor reflex tract (bVFRT). Voluntary forelimb movements involve reaching and grasping together with necessary postural adjustments and each of these three interneuronal systems likely contribute to specific aspects of forelimb motor control. It has been demonstrated that the command for reaching can be mediated via C3-C4 PNs, while the command for grasping is conveyed via segmental interneurons in the forelimb segments. Our results reveal convergence of ascending projections from all three interneuronal systems in the LRN, producing distinct combinations of excitation and inhibition. We have also identified a separate descending control of LRN neurons exerted via a subgroup of cortico-reticular neurones. The LRN projections to the deep cerebellar nuclei exert a direct excitatory effect on descending motor pathways via the reticulospinal, vestibulospinal, and other supraspinal tracts, and might play a key role in cerebellar motor control. Our results support the hypothesis that the LRN provides the cerebellum with highly integrated information, enabling cerebellar control of complex forelimb movements.

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  • 37.
    Alstermark, Bror
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Physiology.
    Hultborn, Hans
    University of Copenhagen Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Copenhagen N. Denmark.
    Jankowska, E.
    Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Department of Physiology Gothenburg Sweden.
    Pettersson, L-G.
    Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Department of Physiology Gothenburg Sweden.
    Anders Lundberg (1920-2009)2010In: Experimental Brain Research, ISSN 0014-4819, E-ISSN 1432-1106, Vol. 200, no 3-4, p. 193-195Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    Anders Lundberg was one of the founding editorial board members for EBR when it began its life in 1976 under the editorship of John Eccles. He was also one of the most prolific contributors to the journal with a total of 49 papers, including a series of 16 on the topic of "integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat". He continued as an editor of the journal until volume 16 when he persuaded his younger colleague Hans Hultborn to take his place. Hans is one of the authors of the obituary. –John Rothwell

  • 38. Amirian, E. Susan
    et al.
    Armstrong, Georgina
    Zhou, Renke
    Wrensch, Margaret
    Olson, Sara
    Scheurer, Michael
    Il'yasova, Dora
    Lachance, Daniel
    Lau, Ching
    Claus, Elizabeth
    Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill
    Schildkraut, Joellen
    Ali-Osman, Francis
    Sadetzki, Siegal
    Johansen, Christoffer
    Houlston, Richard
    Jenkins, Robert
    Bernstein, Jonine
    Merrell, Ryan
    Davis, Faith
    Lai, Rose
    Shete, Sanjay
    Amos, Christopher
    Melin, Beatrice
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Bondy, Melissa
    DEMOGRAPHICS AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS IN GLIOMA RISK: A REPORT FROM THE GLIOMA INTERNATIONAL CASE-CONTROL STUDY2016In: Neuro-Oncology, ISSN 1522-8517, E-ISSN 1523-5866, Vol. 18, p. 57-58Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 39. Amirian, E. Susan
    et al.
    Scheurer, Michael E.
    Wrensch, Margaret
    Olson, Sara H.
    Lai, Rose
    Lachance, Daniel
    Armstrong, Georgina
    Zhou, Renke
    Wiemels, Joseph
    Lau, Ching
    Claus, Elizabeth
    Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill
    Il'yasova, Dora
    Schildkraut, Joellen
    Houlston, Richard
    Shete, Sanjay
    Bernstein, Jonine
    Jenkins, Robert
    Davis, Faith
    Merrell, Ryan
    Johansen, Christoffer
    Sadetzki, Siegal
    Melin, Beatrice
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Bondy, Melissa
    ATOPIC CONDITIONS, ANTIHISTAMINE USE, AND GLIOMA RISK: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE GLIOMA INTERNATIONAL CASE-CONTROL STUDY2013In: Neuro-Oncology, ISSN 1522-8517, E-ISSN 1523-5866, Vol. 15, no Supplement: 3, p. 32-32Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 40. Andelic, Nada
    et al.
    Røe, Cecilie
    Brunborg, Cathrine
    Zeldovich, Marina
    Løvstad, Marianne
    Løke, Daniel
    Borgen, Ida M.
    Voormolen, Daphne C.
    Howe, Emilie I.
    Forslund, Marit V.
    Dahl, Hilde M.
    von Steinbuechel, Nicole
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe (Contributor)
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Frequency of fatigue and its changes in the first 6 months after traumatic brain injury: results from the CENTER-TBI study2021In: Journal of Neurology, ISSN 0340-5354, E-ISSN 1432-1459, Vol. 268, no 1, p. 61-73Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Fatigue is one of the most commonly reported subjective symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aims were to assess frequency of fatigue over the first 6 months after TBI, and examine whether fatigue changes could be predicted by demographic characteristics, injury severity and comorbidities.

    METHODS: Patients with acute TBI admitted to 65 trauma centers were enrolled in the study Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI (CENTER-TBI). Subjective fatigue was measured by single item on the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ), administered at baseline, three and 6 months postinjury. Patients were categorized by clinical care pathway: admitted to an emergency room (ER), a ward (ADM) or an intensive care unit (ICU). Injury severity, preinjury somatic- and psychiatric conditions, depressive and sleep problems were registered at baseline. For prediction of fatigue changes, descriptive statistics and mixed effect logistic regression analysis are reported.

    RESULTS: Fatigue was experienced by 47% of patients at baseline, 48% at 3 months and 46% at 6 months. Patients admitted to ICU had a higher probability of experiencing fatigue than those in ER and ADM strata. Females and individuals with lower age, higher education, more severe intracranial injury, preinjury somatic and psychiatric conditions, sleep disturbance and feeling depressed postinjury had a higher probability of fatigue.

    CONCLUSION: A high and stable frequency of fatigue was found during the first 6 months after TBI. Specific socio-demographic factors, comorbidities and injury severity characteristics were predictors of fatigue in this study.

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  • 41.
    Andersen, Peter M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    ALS and FTD: two sides of the same coin?2013In: Lancet Neurology, ISSN 1474-4422, E-ISSN 1474-4465, Vol. 12, no 10, p. 937-938Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 42.
    Andersen, Peter M.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Al-Chalabi, Ammar
    Clinical genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: what do we really know?2011In: Nature Reviews Neurology, ISSN 1759-4758, E-ISSN 1759-4766, Vol. 7, no 11, p. 603-615Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hereditary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) encompasses a group of genetic disorders characterized by adult-onset loss of the lower and upper motor neuron systems, often with involvement of other parts of the nervous system. Cases of hereditary ALS have been attributed to mutations in 12 different genes, the most common being SOD1, FUS and TARDBP-mutations in the other genes are rare. The identified genes explain 25-35% of cases of familial ALS, but identifying the remaining genes has proved difficult. Only a few genes seem to account for significant numbers of ALS cases, with many others causing a few cases each. Hereditary ALS can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked manner, and families with low disease penetrance are frequently observed. In such families, the genetic predisposition may remain unnoticed, so many patients carry a diagnosis of isolated or sporadic ALS. The only clinical feature that distinguishes recognized hereditary from apparently sporadic ALS is a lower mean age of onset in the former. All the clinical features reported in hereditary cases (including signs of extrapyramidal, cerebellar or cognitive involvement) have also been observed in sporadic cases. Genetic counseling and risk assessment in relatives depend on establishing the specific gene defect and the disease penetrance in the particular family.

  • 43.
    Andersen, Peter M.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Forsgren, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Binzer, M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Nilsson, P.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Ala-Hurula, V.
    Keränen, M.-L.
    Bergmark, L.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology.
    Saarinen, A.
    Haltia, T.
    Tarvainen, I.
    Kinnunen, E.
    Udd, B.
    Marklund, Stefan L.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Autosomal recessive adult-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with homozygosity for Asp90Ala CuZn-superoxide dismutase mutation: a clinical and genealogical study of 36 patients1996In: Brain, ISSN 0006-8950, E-ISSN 1460-2156, Vol. 119, p. 1153-1172Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 44.
    Andersen, Peter M.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Kuzma-Kozakiewicz, Magdalena
    Keller, Jürgen
    Aho-Oezhan, Helena E. A.
    Ciecwierska, Katarzyna
    Szejko, Natalia
    Vázquez, Cynthia
    Böhm, Sarah
    Badura-Lotter, Gisela
    Meyer, Thomas
    Petri, Susanne
    Linse, Katharina
    Hermann, Andreas
    Semb, Olof
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Professionell Development.
    Stenberg, Erica
    Nackberg, Simona
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Professionell Development.
    Dorst, Johannes
    Uttner, Ingo
    Häggström, Ann-Cristin
    Ludolph, Albert C.
    Lulé, Dorothée
    Therapeutic decisions in ALS patients: cross-cultural differences and clinical implications2018In: Journal of Neurology, ISSN 0340-5354, E-ISSN 1432-1459, Vol. 265, no 7, p. 1600-1606Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Quantitative analysis of decision-making on therapeutic options in different sociocultural context in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

    Methods: ALS patients (n = 244) were consecutively recruited in Germany (n = 83), Poland (n = 83), and Sweden (n = 78) in a prospective cross-cultural study (www.NEEDSinALS.com). They were interviewed on preferences for therapeutic techniques including invasive (IV) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV), as well as percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and on hypothetical termination of these using quantitative questions. Using standardized questionnaires, religiousness, personal values, quality of life, and depressiveness were assessed.

    Results: NIV was most frequently used in Germany and PEG in Sweden. Swedish patients were most liberal on initiation and termination of PEG, NIV and IV. Polish patients were mostly undecided and were least likely to consider discontinuing supportive management. Current use was partly associated with age, gender and state of physical function; also, financial support explained some variance. Future preferences on therapeutic options from the patient’s perspective were also closely associated with cultural factors. The more oriented towards traditional and conservative values, the less likely patients were to decide for invasive therapeutic devices (IV, PEG), the least likely to have ideations to discontinue any device and the more likely to have an undecided attitude.

    Conclusions: Current use of therapeutic options is determined by medical condition in analogy to clinical guidelines. For future considerations, other factors such as cultural background are crucial, yielding hurdles to be regarded in the implementation of advanced directives in a multicultural environment.

  • 45.
    Andersen, Peter M.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Kuźma-Kozakiewicz, Magdalena
    Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
    Keller, Jürgen
    Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
    Maksymowicz-Śliwińska, Anna
    Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
    Barć, Krzysztof
    Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
    Nieporęcki, Krzysztof
    Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
    Finsel, Julia
    Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
    Vazquez, Cynthia
    Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
    Helczyk, Olga
    Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
    Linse, Katharina
    Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.
    Häggström, Ann-Cristin E.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences.
    Stenberg, Erica
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences.
    Semb, Olof
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Professional Development.
    Ciećwierska, Katarzyna
    Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
    Szejko, Natalia
    Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
    Uttner, Ingo
    Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
    Herrmann, Andreas
    Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.
    Petri, Susanne
    Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
    Meyer, Thomas
    Department of Neurology, Charité CVK, Berlin, Germany.
    Ludolph, Albert C.
    Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany.
    Lulé, Dorothée
    Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
    Caregivers’ divergent perspectives on patients’ well-being and attitudes towards hastened death in Germany, Poland and Sweden2022In: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, ISSN 2167-8421, E-ISSN 2167-9223, Vol. 23, no 3-4, p. 252-262Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: During the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), patients and their families are faced with existential decisions concerning life-prolonging and -shortening measures. Correct anticipation of patient’s well-being and preferences is a prerequisite for patient-centered surrogate decision making.

    Methods: In Germany (N = 84), Poland (N = 77) and Sweden (N = 73) patient-caregiver dyads were interviewed. Standardized questionnaires on well-being (ADI-12 for depressiveness; ACSA for global quality of life) and wish for hastened death (SAHD) were used in ALS patients. Additionally, caregivers were asked to fill out the same questionnaires by anticipating patients’ perspective (surrogate perspective).

    Results: Caregivers significantly underestimated patients’ well-being in Germany and Poland. For Swedish caregivers, there were just as many who underestimated and overestimated well-being. The same was true for wish for hastened death in all three countries. For Swedish and Polish patients, caregivers’ estimation of well-being was not even associated with patients’ responses and the same was true for estimation of wish for hastened death in all three countries. Older caregivers and those with the most frequent encounter with the patient were the closest in their rating of well-being and wish for hastened death to the patients’ actual state, while caregivers with chronic disease him/herself were more likely to underestimate patient’s well-being.

    Discussion: Despite distinct cultural differences, there was a clear discrepancy between patients’ and caregivers’ perspective on patients’ well-being and preferences towards life in all three countries. This possible bias in caregivers’ judgment needs to be taken into account in surrogate decision making.

  • 46.
    Andersen, Peter M.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Nilsson, P.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Keränen, M.-L.
    Forsgren, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Hägglund, J.
    Karlsborg, M.
    Ronnevi, L.-O.
    Gredal, O.
    Marklund, Stefan L.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Phenotypic heterogeneity in motor neuron disease patients with CuZn-superoxide dismutase mutations in Scandinavia1997In: Brain, ISSN 0006-8950, E-ISSN 1460-2156, Vol. 120, no 10, p. 1723-1737Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 47.
    Andersen, Peter Munch
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Extensive heterogeneity in patients with ALS with mutations in SOD1 in France2021In: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, ISSN 0022-3050, E-ISSN 1468-330X, Vol. 92, no 9, p. 914-914Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 48.
    Andersson, Gustav
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Hand Surgery.
    Orädd, Greger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Comparative Biology (UCCB).
    Sultan, Fahad
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Novikov, Lev N.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    In vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging, and Tractography of a Sciatic Nerve Injury Model in Rat at 9.4T2018In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 8, article id 12911Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Peripheral nerve injuries result in severe loss of sensory and motor functions in the afflicted limb. There is a lack of standardised models to non-invasively study degeneration, regeneration, and normalisation of neuronal microstructure in peripheral nerves. This study aimed to develop a non-invasive evaluation of peripheral nerve injuries, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), and tractography on a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. 10 female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to sciatic nerve neurotmesis and studied using a 9.4 T magnet, by performing DTI and DKI of the sciatic nerve before and 4 weeks after injury. The distal nerve stump showed a decrease in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean kurtosis (MK), axonal water fraction (AWF), and radial and axonal kurtosis (RK, AK) after injury. The proximal stump showed a significant decrease in axial diffusivity (AD) and increase of MK and AK as compared with the uninjured nerve. Both mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) increased in the distal stump after injury. Tractography visualised the sciatic nerve and the site of injury, as well as local variations of the diffusion parameters following injury. In summary, the described method detects changes both proximal and distal to the nerve injury.

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  • 49.
    Andersson, Jacob
    et al.
    Forensic Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Wikström, Johan
    Neuroradiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Högberg, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Wester, Knut
    Department of Clinical Medicine K1, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
    Thiblin, Ingemar
    Forensic Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    External Hydrocephalus as a Cause of Infant Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiological and Radiological Investigations of Infants Suspected of Being Abused2022In: Pediatric Neurology, ISSN 0887-8994, E-ISSN 1873-5150, Vol. 126, p. 26-34Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) and chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) in infants have been regarded as highly specific for abuse. Other causes of CSDH have not been investigated in a large population.

    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent external hydrocephalus is present in infants with ASDH and CSDH undergoing evaluation for abuse.

    Material and methods: Eighty-five infants suspected of being abused, with ASDH (n = 16) or CSDH (n = 69), were reviewed regarding age, risk factor profiles, craniocortical width (CCW), sinocortical width (SCW), frontal interhemispheric width (IHW), subarachnoid space width (SSW), and head circumference (HC). In infants with unilateral subdural hematoma (SDH), correlations between contralateral SSW and ipsilateral CCW and SDH width were investigated.

    Results: Infants with CSDH had significantly lower mortality, were more often premature and male, and had significantly higher CCW, SCW, IHW, and SSW than infants with ASDH (P < 0.05). Ipsilateral CCW (R = 0.92, P < 0.001) and SDH width (R = 0.81, P < 0.01) correlated with contralateral SSW. Increased HC was more prevalent in infants with CSDH (71%) than in infants with ASDH (14%) (P < 0.01). Forty-two infants, all with CSDH, had at least one of CCW, SCW, or IHW ≥95th percentile. Twenty infants, all with CSDH, had CCW, SCW, and IHW >5 mm, in addition to increased HC.

    Conclusion: A substantial proportion of infants with CSDH who had been suspected of being abused had findings suggesting external hydrocephalus.

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  • 50.
    Andersson, Jenni
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation.
    Stålnacke, Britt-Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation.
    Sörlin, Ann
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation.
    Magaard, Gustaf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation.
    Hu, Xiao-Lei
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation.
    Long-term perceived disabilities up to 10 years after transient ischaemic attack2021In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, ISSN 1650-1977, E-ISSN 1651-2081, Vol. 53, no 3, article id jrm00167Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The long-term impact of transient ischaemic attack is largely unknown.

    OBJECTIVES: To assess the long-term perceived impact of transient ischaemic attack and explore the influence of sex and age on these perceptions; and to evaluate the relationships between activities of daily living, participation and overall recovery, and the other domains of the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS).

    METHODS: A retrospective study among adult community-dwelling individuals from 6 months up to 10 years after onset of transient ischaemic attack. A total of 299 survivors of transient ischaemic attack responded to the SIS.

    RESULTS: Most self-reported disabilities involved emotion, strength, and participation domains of SIS and remained stable until 10 years post-transient ischaemic attack. Women reported significantly more disabilities for emotion and hand function. Elderly subjects (age > 65 years) reported more disabilities for strength, mobility, hand function, activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living, and participation. The activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living, participation, and overall recovery demonstrated significant, although low-to-moderate, associations with other SIS domains after transient ischaemic attack.

    CONCLUSION: The broadly perceived disabilities were demonstrated consistently and played a significant meaningful role in everyday life and recovery among community-dwelling individuals up to 10 years after a transient ischaemic attack. These findings indicate the need for long-term multi-professional follow-up with holistic rehabilitation to improve overall recovery among survivors of transient ischaemic attack.

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