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  • 1.
    Ahangari, Alebtekin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Innala, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Andersson, C.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Turkmen, Sahruh
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Acute intermittent porphyria symptoms during the menstrual cycle2015In: Internal medicine journal (Print), ISSN 1444-0903, E-ISSN 1445-5994, Vol. 45, no 7, p. 725-731Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), a life-threatening form of the disease, is accompanied by several pain, mental and physical symptoms.

    Aims: In this study, we evaluated the cyclicity of AIP and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms in 32 women with DNA-diagnosed AIP during their menstrual cycles, in northern Sweden.

    Methods: The cyclicity of AIP symptoms and differences in them between the follicularand luteal phases, and the cyclicity of each symptom in each individual woman indifferent phases of her menstrual cycle were analysed with a prospective daily ratingquestionnaire. PMS symptoms were also evaluated in the patients on a daily rating scale.

    Results: Of the 32 women, 30 showed significant cyclicity in at least one AIP or PMS symptom (P < 0.05–0.001). Back pain (10/32) was the most frequent AIP pain symptomand sweet craving (10/15) was the most frequent PMS symptom. Pelvic pain (F = 4.823,P = 0.036), irritability (F = 7.399, P = 0.011), cheerfulness (F = 5.563, P = 0.025), sexualdesire (F = 8.298, P = 0.007), friendliness (F = 6.157, P = 0.019), breast tenderness (F =21.888, P = 0.000) and abdominal swelling (F = 16.982, P = 0.000) showed significantcyclicity. Pelvic pain and abdominal swelling (rs= 0.337, P < 0.001) showed the strongest correlation. The age of women with latent AIP was strongly correlated with abdominal swelling during the luteal phase (rs= 0.493, P < 0.01).

    Conclusion: Our results suggest that the symptoms of AIP patients change during their menstrual cycles.

  • 2. Ahlborg, Liv
    et al.
    Hedman, Leif
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Murkes, Daniel
    Westman, Bo
    Kjellin, Ann
    Fellander-Tsai, Li
    Enochsson, Lars
    Visuospatial ability correlates with performance in simulated gynecological laparoscopy2011In: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, ISSN 0301-2115, E-ISSN 1872-7654, Vol. 157, no 1, p. 73-77Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To analyze the relationship between visuospatial ability and simulated laparoscopy performed by consultants in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN). Study design: This was a prospective cohort study carried out at two community hospitals in Sweden. Thirteen consultants in obstetrics and gynecology were included. They had previously independently performed 10-100 advanced laparoscopies. Participants were tested for visuospatial ability by the Mental Rotations Test version A (MRT-A). After a familiarization session and standardized instruction, all participants subsequently conducted three consecutive virtual tubal occlusions followed by three virtual salpingectomies. Performance in the simulator was measured by Total Time, Score and Ovarian Diathermy Damage. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between visuospatial ability and simulated laparoscopic performance. The learning curves in the simulator were assessed in order to interpret the relationship with the visuospatial ability. Results: Visuospatial ability correlated with Total Time (r = -0.62; p = 0.03) and Score (r = 0.57; p = 0.05) in the medium level of the virtual tubal occlusion. In the technically more advanced virtual salpingectomy the visuospatial ability correlated with Total Time (r = -0.64; p = 0.02), Ovarian Diathermy Damage (r = -0.65; p = 0.02) and with overall Score (r = 0.64; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Visuospatial ability appears to be related to the performance of gynecological laparoscopic procedures in a simulator. Testing visuospatial ability might be helpful when designing individual training programs.

  • 3. Ahlborg, Liv
    et al.
    Hedman, Leif
    Nisell, Henry
    Felländer-Tsai, Li
    Enochsson, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Advanced Medical Simulation and Training (CAMST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Simulator training and non-technical factors improve laparoscopic performance among OBGYN trainees2013In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6349, E-ISSN 1600-0412, Vol. 92, no 10, p. 1194-1201Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate how simulator training and non-technical factors affect laparoscopic performance among residents in obstetrics and gynecology. DESIGN: In this prospective study, trainees were randomized into three groups. The first group was allocated to proficiency-based training in the LapSimGyn(®) virtual reality simulator. The second group received additional structured mentorship during subsequent laparoscopies. The third group served as control group. At baseline an operation was performed and visuospatial ability, flow and self-efficacy were assessed. All groups subsequently performed three tubal occlusions. Self-efficacy and flow were assessed before and/or after each operation. SETTING: Simulator training was conducted at the Center for Advanced Medical Simulation and Training, Karolinska University Hospital. Sterilizations were performed at each trainee's home clinic. POPULATION: Twenty-eight trainees/residents from 21 hospitals in Sweden were included. METHODS/MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visuospatial ability was tested by the Mental Rotation Test-A. Flow and self-efficacy were assessed by validated scales and questionnaires. Laparoscopic performance was measured as the duration of surgery. Visuospatial ability, self-efficacy and flow were correlated to the laparoscopic performance using Spearman's correlations. Differences between groups were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: No differences across groups were detected at baseline. Self-efficacy scores before and flow scores after the third operation were significantly higher in the trained groups. Duration of surgery was significantly shorter in the trained groups. Flow and self-efficacy correlate positively with laparoscopic performance. CONCLUSIONS: Simulator training and non-technical factors appear to improve the laparoscopic performance among trainees/residents in obstetrics and gynecology.

  • 4.
    Ahlborg, Liv
    et al.
    Center for Advanced Medical Simulation and Training (CAMST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Södertälje Hospital, 152 86 Södertälje, Sweden.
    Hedman, Leif R
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. Center for Advanced Medical Simulation and Training (CAMST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Rasmussen, Carsten
    Divisions of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Felländer-Tsai, Li
    Center for Advanced Medical Simulation and Training (CAMST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Divisions of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Enochsson, Lars
    Center for Advanced Medical Simulation and Training (CAMST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Divisions of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Non-technical factors influence laparoscopic simulator performance among OBGYN residents2012In: Gynecological Surgery, ISSN 1613-2076, E-ISSN 1613-2084, Vol. 9, no 4, p. 415-420Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In addition to technical skills, nontechnical factors appear to influence surgical results. This study aims to analyze how visuospatial ability, self-efficacy, and flow are associated with simulated laparoscopic performance of residents in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN). In this cohort study, 28 residents in obstetrics and gynecology were tested for visuospatial ability and self-efficacy prior to simulator training. All participants subsequently conducted a basic set of tasks in the simulator. Self-efficacy, once again, and flow were assessed after training. Nineteen of the subjects then completed a 2-day course with identical simulator tasks, although now to a predefined credential level. Visuospatial ability correlated with simulator performance in the technically most advanced simulator task in the basic set ("total time," r=-0.40, p=0.039). Flow correlated with: "right instrument pathway"(r=-0.40, p=0.004) in that same task and with the 2-day overall training results (r=-0.56, p=0.017). Self-efficacy correlated with the 2-day result (r=-0.56, p=0.013) and significantly improved after training (p=0.011). When constructing a curriculum for OBGYN residents, visuospatial abilities and non-technical factors like flow and self-efficacy should be considered.

  • 5. Ahlqvist, Viktor H.
    et al.
    Persson, Margareta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Magnusson, Cecilia
    Berglind, Daniel
    Elective and nonelective cesarean section and obesity among young adult male offspring: A Swedish population-based cohort study2019In: PLoS Medicine, ISSN 1549-1277, E-ISSN 1549-1676, Vol. 16, no 12, article id e1002996Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Previous studies have suggested that cesarean section (CS) is associated with offspring overweight and obesity. However, few studies have been able to differentiate between elective and nonelective CS, which may differ in their maternal risk profile and biological pathway. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between differentiated forms of delivery with CS and risk of obesity in young adulthood.

    Methods and findings: Using Swedish population registers, a cohort of 97,291 males born between 1982 and 1987 were followed from birth until conscription (median 18 years of age) if they conscripted before 2006. At conscription, weight and height were measured and transformed to World Health Organization categories of body mass index (BMI). Maternal and infant data were obtained from the Medical Birth Register. Associations were evaluated using multinomial and linear regressions. Furthermore, a series of sensitivity analyses were conducted, including fixed-effects regressions to account for confounders shared between full brothers. The mothers of the conscripts were on average 28.5 (standard deviation 4.9) years old at delivery and had a prepregnancy BMI of 21.9 (standard deviation 3.0), and 41.5% of the conscripts had at least one parent with university-level education.

    Out of the 97,291 conscripts we observed, 4.9% were obese (BMI ≥ 30) at conscription. The prevalence of obesity varied slightly between vaginal delivery, elective CS, and nonelective CS (4.9%, 5.5%, and 5.6%, respectively), whereas BMI seemed to be consistent across modes of delivery. We found no evidence of an association between nonelective or elective CS and young adulthood obesity (relative risk ratio 0.96, confidence interval 95% 0.83–1.10, p = 0.532 and relative risk ratio 1.02, confidence interval 95% 0.88–1.18, p = 0.826, respectively) as compared with vaginal delivery after accounting for prepregnancy maternal BMI, maternal diabetes at delivery, maternal hypertension at delivery, maternal smoking, parity, parental education, maternal age at delivery, gestational age, birth weight standardized according to gestational age, and preeclampsia. We found no evidence of an association between any form of CS and overweight (BMI ≥ 25) as compared with vaginal delivery. Sibling analysis and several sensitivity analyses did not alter our findings. The main limitations of our study were that not all conscripts had available measures of anthropometry and/or important confounders (42% retained) and that our cohort only included a male population.

    Conclusions: We found no evidence of an association between elective or nonelective CS and young adulthood obesity in young male conscripts when accounting for maternal and prenatal factors. This suggests that there is no clinically relevant association between CS and the development of obesity. Further large-scale studies are warranted to examine the association between differentiated forms of CS and obesity in young adult offspring.

    Trial registration: Registered as observational study at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03918044.

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  • 6.
    Ahlzén, Emma
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Utvärdering av komplikationer efter benign abdominell hysterektomi Jämförelse av enkätrapporterade komplikationer i kryssrutor och fritext2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 7.
    Alexandra, Wide
    et al.
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Wettergren, Lena
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ahlgren, Johan
    Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Regional Cancer Centre Mellansverige, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Smedby, Karin E.
    Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hellman, Kristina
    Department of Gynecologic Cancer, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Henriksson, Roger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Umeå University Hospital.
    Rodriguez-Wallberg, Kenny
    Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Reproduction, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ståhl, Olof
    Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Lampic, Claudia
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Fertility-related information received by young women and men with cancer: a population-based survey2021In: Acta Oncologica, ISSN 0284-186X, E-ISSN 1651-226X, Vol. 60, no 8, p. 976-983Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Infertility is a well-known sequela of cancer treatment. Despite guidelines recommending early discussions about risk of fertility impairment and fertility preservation options, not all patients of reproductive age receive such information.

    Aims: This study aimed to investigate young adult cancer patients' receipt of fertility-related information and use of fertility preservation, and to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with receipt of information.

    Materials and methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 1010 young adults with cancer in Sweden (response rate 67%). The inclusion criteria were: a previous diagnosis of breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, brain tumor, lymphoma or testicular cancer between 2016 and 2017, at an age between 18 and 39 years. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models.

    Results: A majority of men (81%) and women (78%) reported having received information about the potential impact of cancer/treatment on their fertility. A higher percentage of men than women reported being informed about fertility preservation (84% men vs. 40% women, p < .001) and using gamete or gonadal cryopreservation (71% men vs. 15% women, p < .001). Patients with brain tumors and patients without a pretreatment desire for children were less likely to report being informed about potential impact on their fertility and about fertility preservation. In addition, being born outside Sweden was negatively associated with reported receipt of information about impact of cancer treatment on fertility. Among women, older age (>35 years), non-heterosexuality and being a parent were additional factors negatively associated with reported receipt of information about fertility preservation.

    Conclusion: There is room for improvement in the equal provision of information about fertility issues to young adult cancer patients.

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  • 8.
    Almkvist, Louise
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Gunnarsson, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences.
    Strigård, Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences.
    Improved assessment of fecal incontinence in women with previous obstetric injury combining Low Anterior Resection Syndrome and Wexner scores2023In: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, ISSN 0020-7292, E-ISSN 1879-3479, Vol. 161, no 3, p. 839-846Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess whether Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) score could provide additional unique information to the Wexner score when assessing fecal incontinence (FI) in women with previous obstetric injury, thus providing a better foundation for treatment decisions.

    Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study with intraindividual comparison of two scoring systems. Women with previous obstetric injury and diagnosed with FI between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, with valid LARS and Wexner scores were included. Statistical methods used were Spearman rank correlation, Kendall τ, scatterplot, and ratios.

    Results: Seventy women were included. Correlation coefficients varied from 0.42 to 0.66 (Spearman rank correlation) and 0.44 to 0.51 (Kendall τ). Cohen κ values varied from 0.33 to 0.67. No strong association was seen in the correlation analyses or the scatterplot.

    Conclusion: LARS score was shown to provide extra relevant information when assessing FI in women with previous obstetric injury. All symptoms should be considered relevant when assessing FI since it is a complex condition and should be approached accordingly. The authors suggest a combination of LARS and Wexner scores when assessing FI among women with previous obstetric injury.

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  • 9.
    Almkvist, Louise
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Gunnarsson, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Strigård, Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Response: improved assessment of fecal incontinence in women with previous obstetric injury combining low anterior resection syndrome and wexner scores2023In: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, ISSN 0020-7292, E-ISSN 1879-3479, Vol. 163, no 3, p. 1057-1058Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 10. Altman, Daniel
    et al.
    Geale, Kirk
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Falconer, Christian
    Morcos, Edward
    A generic health-related quality of life instrument for assessing pelvic organ prolapse surgery: correlation with condition-specific outcome measures2018In: International Urogynecology Journal, ISSN 0937-3462, E-ISSN 1433-3023, Vol. 29, no 8, p. 1093-1099Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction and hypothesis: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of a generic and globally accessible instrument for assessing health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery.

    Methods: In a prospective multicenter setting, 207 women underwent surgery for apical prolapse [stage ae<yen>2, Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantificcation (POP-Q) system] with or without anterior wall defect. Demographic and surgical characteristics were collected before surgery. Results of the 15-dimensional (15D) instrument and condition-specific pelvic floor symptoms as assessed using the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory questionnaire (PFDI-20), including its subscales Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory-6 (POPDI-6), Colorectal-Anal Distress Inventory-8 (CRADI-8), and Urinary Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6), were assessed preoperatively and 2 months and 1 year after surgery.

    Results: HR-QoL as estimated by 15D was improved 1 year after surgery (p < 0.001). Prolapse-related 15D profile-index measures (excretion, discomfort, sexual activity, distress, and mobility) were significantly improved after surgery (p < 0.05-0.001). Significant inverse associations were detected between increased 15D scores and a decrease in PFDI-20 and subscale scores (p < 0.001), indicating improvements on both instruments.

    Conclusions: Generic HR-QoL as estimated by 15D improved significantly after apical POP surgery and correlated with improvements of condition-specific outcome measures. These results suggest that a comprehensive evaluation of global HR-QoL is valid in assessing pelvic reconstructive surgery and may provide novel and important insights into previously understudied areas, such as cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analysis after urogynecological surgery.

  • 11. Altmäe, Signe
    et al.
    Stavreus-Evers, Anneli
    Ruiz, Jonatan R
    Laanpere, Margit
    Syvänen, Tiina
    Yngve, Agneta
    Salumets, Andres
    Nilsson, Torbjörn K
    Department of Clinical Chemistry, Örebro University Hospital.
    Variations in folate pathway genes are associated with unexplained female infertility2010In: Fertility and Sterility, ISSN 0015-0282, E-ISSN 1556-5653, Vol. 94, no 1, p. 130-137Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between folate-metabolizing gene variations, folate status, and unexplained female infertility.

    DESIGN: An association study.

    SETTING: Hospital-based IVF unit and university-affiliated reproductive research laboratories.

    PATIENT(S): Seventy-one female patients with unexplained infertility.

    INTERVENTION(S): Blood samples for polymorphism genotyping and homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate measurements.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Allele and genotype frequencies of the following polymorphisms: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C/T, 1298A/C, and 1793G/A, folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) 1314G/A, 1816delC, 1841G/A, and 1928C/T, transcobalamin II (TCN2) 776C/G, cystathionase (CTH) 1208G/T and solute carrier family 19, member 1 (SLC19A1) 80G/A, and concentrations of plasma homocysteine, vitamin B12, and serum folate.

    RESULT(S): MTHFR genotypes 677CT and 1793GA, as well as 1793 allele A were significantly more frequent among controls than in patients. The common MTHFR wild-type haplotype (677, 1298, 1793) CAG was less prevalent, whereas the rare haplotype CCA was more frequent in the general population than among infertility patients. The frequency of SLC19A1 80G/A genotypes differed significantly between controls and patients and the A allele was more common in the general population than in infertile women. Plasma homocysteine concentrations were influenced by CTH 1208G/T polymorphism among infertile women.

    CONCLUSION(S): Polymorphisms in folate pathway genes could be one reason for fertility complications in some women with unexplained infertility.

  • 12.
    Amin, Bawan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Intervention.
    Yttre vändningsförsök: Är det säkert?2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 13.
    Andersson Björk, Hanna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Svenska läkares och barnmorskors självskattade ultraljudsfärdigheter och deras syn på huruvida fostret kan betraktas som en patient - The CROss Country Ultrasound Study2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 14.
    Andersson, Christer
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Innala, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Acute intermittent porphyria in women: clinical expression, use and experience of exogenous sex hormones. A population-based study in northern Sweden2003In: Journal of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0954-6820, E-ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 254, no 2, p. 176-183Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical expression of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) in women, their use of exogenous sex hormones, and the effects on AIP. DESIGN: A retrospective population-based study. SUBJECTS: All women aged > or =18 years (n = 190) with DNA-diagnosed AIP in northern Sweden. RESULTS: A total of 166 women (87%) participated; 91 (55%) had manifest AIP. Severe attacks were reported by 82%; 39% reported recurrent premenstrual AIP attacks and 22% reported chronic AIP symptoms. Oral hormonal contraceptives had been used by 58% of all these women and by 50 with manifest AIP (57%). Twelve women (24%) associated oral contraceptives as precipitating AIP attacks; in nine cases their first attack. One woman experienced relief from AIP symptoms. On commencing their treatment, 72% of the women with manifest AIP had not yet suffered their first attack. Twenty-two women (25%) aged > or =45 years had used hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) at menopause to remedy climacteric symptoms (the percutaneous route was most frequently used); no AIP attack was precipitated. HRT to remedy vaginal dryness was used by 26 women (28%) aged > or =45 years without triggering an AIP attack. Miscarriages were more frequent in women with manifest AIP (50%) than in the latent group (30%, P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: About half of the women with AIP had used oral hormonal contraceptives. As 25% of women with manifest AIP reported attacks associated with such drugs, caution must still be recommended. Menopausal HRT only rarely affected the disorder. Miscarriage was more common amongst women with manifest AIP.

  • 15. Andersson, Inga-Maj
    et al.
    Lalos, Ann
    Upplevelser och behov hos personal i abortvården2018In: Inducerad abort, Stockholm: Svensk förening för obstetrik och gynekologi , 2018, p. 47-49Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 16.
    Andersson, Liselott
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Implications of psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period - A population-based study2004Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Depressive and anxiety disorders are common health problems, affecting women at least twice as often as men. Although some studies have been made on pregnant women or, especially, in the postpartum period, most of these studies have been performed on small samples, mainly specific risk groups such as teenage mothers, women of low socioeconomic status and certain ethnic groups. Also, there is a lack of studies on antenatal and postpartum depression and/or anxiety using diagnostic criteria adhering to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV).

    Aims and methods: The aims were to estimate the point prevalence of mood, anxiety and eating disorders, based on DSM-IV criteria, in an unselected population during the second trimester of pregnancy, and to assess the obstetric and neonatal outcome, as well as the health care consumption during pregnancy, delivery and the early postpartum period among women with a psychiatric disorder, compared to healthy subjects. Finally, we aimed to investigate depression and anxiety, and associated maternal characteristics and events through pregnancy and the postpartum period in the same group of women. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) was used for assessment of psychiatric disorders during the second trimester of pregnancy and three to six months after delivery. From October 2nd, 2000, to October 1st, 2001 all women attending the second trimester routine ultrasound-screening at two different hospitals in northern Sweden (at Umeå University Hospital and at Sunderby Central Hospital) were approached for participation in the study. After delivery, data were extracted from the medical records of the mothers and their offspring to evaluate obstetric and neonatal outcome. Three to six months after delivery, the women who had an antenatal depression and/or anxiety were contacted for an assessment using the PRIME-MD. The same procedure was made in a control group, consisting of 500 women, randomly selected among those who did not have any psychiatric diagnosis according to the PRIME-MD investigation during the second trimester of pregnancy.

    Results and conclusions: Of the 1555 women in the study population, 220 (14.1%) had one or more PRIME-MD diagnoses. Living single, low socioeconomic status, smoking, multiparity and a body mass index of 30 or more were significantly associated with a psychiatric diagnosis in the second trimester of pregnancy. Women with antenatal depression and/or anxiety more often suffered from nausea and vomiting during pregnancy were more often on sick leave, and they visited their obstetrician more often than healthy subjects, specifically because of fear of childbirth and premature contractions. Also, they were more commonly delivered by elective caesarean section, had an increased use of epidural analgesia and reported a longer self-experienced duration of labor. Severe complications of pregnancy, delivery, and the early postpartum period were not affected by antenatal depression and/or anxiety. There was no significant difference in neonatal outcome depending on antenatal depressive or anxiety disorder. Fewer cases of depressive and/or anxiety disorders were prevalent postpartum, but there was a significant shift from a majority of sub-threshold diagnoses during pregnancy to full DSM-IV diagnoses during the postpartum period. Previous psychiatric disorder and living singly were significantly associated with both a new-onset and a postpartum continuation/recurrence of depression and/or anxiety. Postpartum continuation/recurrence of a psychiatric disorder was additionally associated with smoking, obesity, and adverse obstetric events.

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  • 17.
    Andersson, Liselott
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, Sweden.
    Sundström-Poromaa, Inger
    Wulff, Marianne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Åström, Monica
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Implications of antenatal depression and anxiety for obstetric outcome2004In: Obstetrics and Gynecology, ISSN 0029-7844, E-ISSN 1873-233X, Vol. 104, no 3, p. 467-476Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the obstetric outcome and health care consumption during pregnancy, delivery, and the early postpartum period in an unselected population-based sample of pregnant women diagnosed with antenatal depressive and/or anxiety disorders, compared with healthy subjects. METHODS: Participants were 1,495 women attending 2 obstetric clinics in Northern Sweden. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders was used to evaluate depressive and anxiety disorders in the second trimester of pregnancy. To assess demographic characteristics, obstetric outcome, and complications, the medical records of the included women were reviewed. RESULTS: Significant associations were found between depression and/or anxiety and increased nausea and vomiting, prolonged sick leave during pregnancy and increased number of visits to the obstetrician, specifically, visits related to fear of childbirth and those related to contractions. Planned cesarean delivery and epidural analgesia during labor were also significantly more common in women with antenatal depression and/or anxiety. CONCLUSION: There is an association between antenatal depressive and/or anxiety disorders and increased health care use (including cesarean deliveries) during pregnancy and delivery.

  • 18.
    Andréen, Lotta
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Nyberg, Sigrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Turkmen, Sharuh
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    van Wingen, Guido
    F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
    Fernández, Guillen
    F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Sex steroid induced negative mood may be explained by the paradoxical effect mediated by GABAA modulators2009In: Psychoneuroendocrinology, ISSN 0306-4530, E-ISSN 1873-3360, Vol. 34, no 8, p. 1121-1132Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Certain women experience negative mood symptoms as a result of progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, progestagens in hormonal contraceptives, or the addition of progesterone or progestagens in sequential hormone therapy (HT). This phenomenon is believed to be mediated via the action of the progesterone metabolites on the GABA(A) system, which is the major inhibitory system in the mammalian CNS. The positive modulators of the GABA(A) receptor include allopregnanolone and pregnanolone, both neuroactive metabolites of progesterone, as well as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol. Studies on the effect of GABA(A) receptor modulators have shown contradictory results; although human and animal studies have revealed beneficial properties such as anaesthesia, sedation, anticonvulsant effects, and anxiolytic effects, recent reports have also indicated adverse effects such as anxiety, irritability, and aggression. It has actually been suggested that several GABA(A) receptor modulators, including allopregnanolone, have biphasic effects, in that low concentrations increase an adverse, anxiogenic effect whereas higher concentrations decrease this effect and show beneficial, calming properties. The allopregnanolone increase during the luteal phase in fertile women, as well as during the addition of progesterone in HT, has been shown to induce adverse mood in women. The severity of these mood symptoms is related to the allopregnanolone serum concentrations in a manner similar to an inverted U-shaped curve. Negative mood symptoms occur when the serum concentration of allopregnanolone is similar to endogenous luteal phase levels, while low and high concentrations have less effect on mood. It has also been shown that progesterone/allopregnanolone treatment in women increases the activity in the amygdala (as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging) in a similar way to the changes seen during anxiety reactions. However, it is evident that only certain women experience adverse mood during progesterone or GABA(A) receptor modulator treatments. Women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) have severe luteal phase related symptoms; in this phase, they show changes in GABA(A) receptor sensitivity and GABA concentrations that are related to the severity of the condition. These findings suggest that negative mood symptoms in women with PMDD are caused by the paradoxical effect of allopregnanolone mediated via the GABA(A) receptor. CONCLUSION: Progesterone and progestagens induce negative mood, most probably via their GABA(A) receptor active metabolites. In postmenopausal women treated with progesterone and animals treated with allopregnanolone, there is a bimodal association between serum allopregnanolone concentration and adverse mood, resembling an inverted U-shaped curve. In humans, the maximal effective concentration of allopregnanolone for producing negative mood is within the range of physiological luteal phase serum concentrations.

  • 19. Armuand, G.
    et al.
    Lampic, Claudia
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Skoog-Svanberg, A.
    Wånggren, K.
    Sydsjö, G.
    Survey shows that Swedish healthcare professionals have a positive attitude towards surrogacy but the health of the child is a concern2018In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 107, no 1, p. 101-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: In February 2016, Sweden upheld its ban on surrogacy following a Government enquiry. This survey investigated attitudes towards surrogacy among primary health professionals working with children and their experiences of working with families following surrogacy abroad.

    METHODS: From April to November 2016, nurses, physicians and psychologist working in primary child health care in four counties in Sweden were invited to participate in a cross-sectional online survey about surrogacy.

    RESULTS: The mean age of the 208 participants was 49.2 years (range 27-68) and nearly 91% were women. Approximately 60% supported legalised surrogacy. Wanting a conscience clause to be introduced in Sweden was associated with not supporting surrogacy for any groups, while personal experiences of infertility and clinical experiences with families following surrogacy were associated with positive attitudes towards surrogacy for heterosexual couples. The majority (64%) disagreed that surrogate children were as healthy as other children, and many believed that they risked worse mental health (21%) and social stigmatisation (21%).

    CONCLUSION: We found that 60% supported legalised surrogacy, but many expressed concerns about the children's health and greater knowledge about the medical and psychosocial consequences of surrogacy is needed.

  • 20. Armuand, G. M.
    et al.
    Nilsson, J.
    Rodriguez-Wallberg, K. A.
    Malmros, J.
    Arvidson, J.
    Lampic, Claudia
    Wettergren, L.
    Physicians' self-reported practice behaviour regarding fertility-related discussions in paediatric oncology in Sweden2017In: Psycho-Oncology, ISSN 1057-9249, E-ISSN 1099-1611, Vol. 26, no 10, p. 1684-1690Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate practice behaviours of Swedish physicians with regard to discussing the impact of cancer treatment on fertility with paediatric oncology patients and their parents, and to identify factors associated with such discussions.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted targeting all physicians in Sweden working in paediatric oncology care settings. Participants responded to a questionnaire measuring practice behaviour, attitudes, barriers, and confidence in knowledge. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with seldom discussing fertility.

    RESULTS: More than half of the physicians routinely talked with their patients/parents about the treatment's potential impact on fertility (male patients: 62%; female patients: 57%; P = 0.570). Factors associated with less frequently discussing fertility with patients/parents were working at a non-university hospital (male patients: OR 11.49, CI 1.98-66.67; female patients: OR 33.18, CI 4.06-271.07), concerns that the topic would cause worry (male patients: OR 8.23, CI 1.48-45.89; female patients: OR 12.38, CI 1.90-80.70), and perceiving the parents as anxious (male patients: OR 7.18, CI 1.20-42.85; female patients: OR 11.65, CI 1.32-103.17).

    CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, we recommend structured training in how to communicate about fertility issues in stressful situations, which in turn might increase fertility-related discussions in paediatric oncology.

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  • 21. Armuand, G.
    et al.
    Wettergren, L.
    Nilsson, J.
    Rodriguez-Wallberg, K.
    Lampic, Claudia
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), H1, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Threatened fertility: A longitudinal study exploring experiences of fertility and having children after cancer treatment2018In: European Journal of Cancer Care, ISSN 0961-5423, E-ISSN 1365-2354, Vol. 27, no 2, article id e12798Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Infertility is a recognised potential sequel of cancer treatment which impacts negatively on the quality of survival. The aim of this study was to explore how men and women experience the threat of infertility by cancer treatment and individuals' thoughts about having children after cancer during the first 2 years following diagnosis. Nine women and seven men (aged 24-41) participated in two interviews in this longitudinal interview study, after the initiation of cancer treatment and 2 years thereafter. The interviews focused on participants' thoughts and feelings about threatened fertility and having children. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis with a particular focus on identifying experiences over time. The Traits-Desires-Intentions model was used to reflect upon the study findings. The analysis resulted in the identification of four themes: Continue calmly on chosen path, Abandoning plans for children, Avoiding the subject of fertility and Struggling towards life goals. The results emphasise the need to offer individualised fertility-related treatment communication and counselling, both at the time of cancer diagnosis and also in connection with follow-up care. Appropriate fertility-related communication should be included in young cancer patients' survivor care plans.

  • 22. Armuand, Gabriela M.
    et al.
    Rodriguez-Wallberg, Kenny A.
    Wettergren, Lena
    Ahlgren, Johan
    Enblad, Gunilla
    Höglund, Martin
    Lampic, Claudia
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sex differences in fertility-related information received by young adult cancer survivors2012In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, ISSN 0732-183X, E-ISSN 1527-7755, Vol. 30, no 17, p. 2147-2153Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate male and female cancer survivors' perception of fertility-related information and use of fertility preservation (FP) in connection with cancer treatment during reproductive age.

    METHODS: The study sample consisted of cancer survivors diagnosed from 2003 to 2007 identified in population-based registers in Sweden. Inclusion criteria included survivors who were age 18 to 45 years at diagnosis and had lymphoma, acute leukemia, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, or female breast cancer treated with chemotherapy. Of 810 eligible participants, 484 survivors (60% response rate) completed a postal questionnaire.

    RESULTS: The majority of male participants reported having received information about treatment impact on fertility (80%) and FP (68%), and more than half of the men banked frozen sperm (54%). Among women, less than half (48%) reported that they received information about treatment impact on fertility, and 14% reported that they received information about FP. Only seven women (2%) underwent FP. Predictors for receiving information about treatment impact on fertility were a pretreatment desire to have children (odds ratio [OR], 3.5), male sex (OR, 3.2), and being ≤ 35 years of age at diagnosis (OR, 2.0). Predictors for receiving information about FP included male sex (OR, 14.4), age ≤ 35 at diagnosis (OR, 5.1), and having no children at diagnosis (OR, 2.5).

    CONCLUSION: Our results show marked sex differences regarding the receipt of fertility-related information and use of FP. There is an urgent need to develop fertility-related information adapted to female patients with cancer to improve their opportunities to participate in informed decisions regarding their treatment and future reproductive ability.

  • 23. Armuand, Gabriela M.
    et al.
    Wettergren, Lena
    Rodriguez-Wallberg, Kenny A.
    Lampic, Claudia
    Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Desire for children, difficulties achieving a pregnancy, and infertility distress 3 to 7 years after cancer diagnosis2014In: Supportive Care in Cancer, ISSN 0941-4355, E-ISSN 1433-7339, Vol. 22, no 10, p. 2805-2812Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate desire for children, difficulties achieving a pregnancy, and infertility distress among survivors 3 to 7 years after cancer treatment in reproductive age.

    METHODS: Cancer survivors were identified in national population-based cancer registries. Eligible subjects presented with selected cancer diagnoses between 2003 and 2007 between the ages of 18 to 45. A postal questionnaire including study-specific questions, the Short-Form 36 Health Survey and the Fertility Problem Inventory, was sent to 810 survivors, and 484 participated (60 % response).

    RESULTS: Most survivors who had a pretreatment desire for children still wanted children 3-7 years after treatment, and this group was characterized by young age and being childless at diagnosis. In addition, a substantial group of survivors (n = 55, 17 %) that did not have a pretreatment desire for children had changed their mind about wanting children after treatment. About a third of the survivors with a desire to have children had experienced difficulties achieving a pregnancy after the cancer treatment, and an unfulfilled desire to have children was associated with worse mental health. Survivors presently facing difficulties achieving a pregnancy reported moderate levels of infertility distress and expressed low interest in using gamete donation.

    CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals in cancer care need to be aware that patients' plans for future children may change, particularly if they are young and childless. All patients of reproductive age should be provided with adequate information about the impact of cancer treatment on future fertility and fertility preservation.

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  • 24. Armuand, Gabriela M.
    et al.
    Wettergren, Lena
    Rodriguez-Wallberg, Kenny A.
    Lampic, Claudia
    Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Women more vulnerable than men when facing risk for treatment-induced infertility: a qualitative study of young adults newly diagnosed with cancer2015In: Acta Oncologica, ISSN 0284-186X, E-ISSN 1651-226X, Vol. 54, no 2, p. 243-252Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Being diagnosed with cancer constitutes not only an immediate threat to health, but cancer treatments may also have a negative impact on fertility. Retrospective studies show that many survivors regret not having received fertility-related information and being offered fertility preservation at time of diagnosis. This qualitative study investigates newly diagnosed cancer patients' experiences of fertility-related communication and how they reason about the risk of future infertility.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Informants were recruited at three cancer wards at a university hospital. Eleven women and 10 men newly diagnosed with cancer participated in individual semi-structured interviews focusing on three domains: experiences of fertility-related communication, decision-making concerning fertility preservation, and thoughts and feelings about the risk of possible infertility. Data was analyzed through qualitative content analysis.

    RESULTS: The analysis resulted in three sub-themes, 'Getting to know', 'Reacting to the risk' and 'Handling uncertainty', and one main theme 'Women more vulnerable when facing risk for infertility', indicating that women reported more negative experiences related to patient-provider communication regarding fertility-related aspects of cancer treatment, as well as negative emotional reactions to the risk of infertility and challenges related to handling uncertainty regarding future fertility. The informants described distress when receiving treatment with possible impact on fertility and used different strategies to handle the risk for infertility, such as relying on fertility preservation or thinking of alternative ways to achieve parenthood. The negative experiences reported by the female informants may be related to the fact that none of the women, but almost all men, had received information about and used fertility preservation.

    CONCLUSIONS: Women newly diagnosed with cancer seem to be especially vulnerable when facing risk for treatment-induced infertility. Lack of shared decision-making concerning future fertility may cause distress and it is therefore necessary to improve the fertility-related communication targeted to female cancer patients.

  • 25. Armuand, Gabriela
    et al.
    Skoog Svanberg, Agneta
    Lampic, Claudia
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Elenis, Evangelia
    Sydsjö, Gunilla
    Attitudes among paediatric healthcare professionals in Sweden towards sperm donation to single women: a survey study2020In: Fertility research and practice, ISSN 2054-7099, Vol. 6, article id 9Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The number of families conceived through sperm donation to single women is increasing. However, there is limited knowledge about health care professionals' attitudes towards solo-mothers by choice, and there is some indication that professionals' personal opinions influence their care of individuals who use alternate ways to build a family. The primary aim of the study was to investigate attitudes towards, and experiences of, families following sperm donation to single women among healthcare professionals working in primary child healthcare.

    Methods: Between April and November 2016 a total of 712 physicians, registered nurses and psychologists working within primary healthcare in Sweden were invited to participate in a cross-sectional online survey study. The study-specific questionnaire contained the following four domains: Attitudes towards legalization and financing, Attitudes towards the family and the child's health, Clinical experience and Knowledge about sperm donation to single women.

    Results: The majority of the participants were positive or neutral towards sperm donation being allowed to single women in Sweden. However, one third believed that children risk worse mental health and social stigma. Half of healthcare professionals had own clinical experience of caring for solo-mothers by choice and their children, and of these one third perceived that these families had more need of support than other parents. One out of four indicated that they did not have sufficient knowledge to be able to provide adequate care to these families.

    Conclusions: The present results indicate that while there was a relatively large support for sperm donation being allowed to single women in Sweden among health care professionals, many expressed concerns about the child's health, as well as low confidence in their knowledge about the specific needs in this patient group. There is a need for educational interventions targeted to healthcare professionals in primary child healthcare in order to provide adequate care to solo-mothers by choice and their children.

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  • 26. Armuand, Gabriela
    et al.
    Sydsjö, Gunilla
    Skoog Svanberg, Agneta
    Lampic, Claudia
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Attitudes towards embryo donation among healthcare professionals working in child healthcare: a survey study2019In: BMC Pediatrics, ISSN 1471-2431, E-ISSN 1471-2431, Vol. 19, no 1, article id 209Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes towards embryo donation and embryo donation families among professionals working in primary child healthcare, and their experiences of these families.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Sweden between April and November 2016. A total of 712 primary healthcare physicians, registered nurses and psychologists were approached to participate in this study. The study-specific questionnaire measured attitudes and experiences in the following four domains: legalisation and financing, the family and the child's health, clinical experience of meeting families following embryo donation, and knowledge of embryo donation.

    RESULTS: Of the 189 women and 18 men who completed the questionnaire (response rate 29%), relatively few (13%) had clinical experience of caring for families following embryo donation. Overall, 69% supported legalisation of embryo donation for infertile couples, and 54% agreed it should be publicly funded. The majority (88%) agreed the child should have the right to know the donors' identity. Respondents did not believe that children conceived through embryo donation are as healthy as other children (50%), citing the risks of poor mental health (17%) and social stigmatization (18%). Approximately half reported low confidence in their own knowledge of embryo donation (47%) and wanted to know more (58%).

    CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate relatively large support among healthcare professionals in Sweden for the legalisation of embryo donation. In order to provide adequate healthcare to families following embryo donation, there is a need to develop educational resources to increase knowledge about the medical and psychosocial consequences of embryo donation among healthcare professionals working in primary healthcare.

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  • 27.
    Asker, Lovisa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Maternal thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels and pregnancy outcomes2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 28.
    Asklund, Ina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Samuelsson, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Hamberg, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Umefjord, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Sjöström, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    User Experience of an App-Based Treatment for Stress Urinary Incontinence: Qualitative Interview Study2019In: Journal of Medical Internet Research, E-ISSN 1438-8871, Vol. 21, no 3, article id e11296Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) affects 10%-39% of women. Its first-line treatment consists of lifestyle interventions and pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), which can be performed supervised or unsupervised. Health apps are increasing in number and can be used to improve adherence to treatments. We developed the Tät app, which provides a 3-month treatment program with a focus on PFMT for women with SUI. The app treatment was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial, which demonstrated efficacy for improving incontinence symptoms and quality of life. In this qualitative interview study, we investigated participant experiences of the app-based treatment.

    Objective: This study aimed to explore women’s experiences of using an app-based treatment program for SUI.

    Methods: This qualitative study is based on telephone interviews with 15 selected women, with a mean age of 47 years, who had used the app in the previous randomized controlled trial. A semistructured interview guide with open-ended questions was used, and the interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed according to the grounded theory.

    Results: The results were grouped into three categories: “Something new!” “Keeping motivation up!” and “Good enough?” A core category, “Enabling my independence,” was identified. The participants appreciated having a new and modern way to access a treatment program for SUI. The use of new technology seemed to make incontinence treatment feel more prioritized and less embarrassing for the subjects. The closeness to their mobile phone and app features like reminders and visual graphs helped support and motivate the women to carry through the PFMT. The participants felt confident that they could perform the treatment program on their own, even though they expressed some uncertainty about whether they were doing the pelvic floor muscle contractions correctly. They felt that the app-based treatment increased their self-confidence and enabled them to take responsibility for their treatment.

    Conclusions: Use of the app-based treatment program for SUI empowered the women in this study and helped them self-manage their incontinence treatment. They appreciated the app as a new tool for supporting their motivation to carry through a slightly challenging PFMT program.

    Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01848938; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01848938 (Archived by WebCite at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01848938)

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  • 29. Austeng, Dordi
    et al.
    Kallen, Karin
    Hellstrom, Ann
    Jakobsson, Peter
    Lundgren, Pia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Tornqvist, Kristina
    Wallin, Agneta
    Holmstrom, Gerd
    Regional differences in screening for retinopathy of prematurity in infants born before 27 weeks of gestation in Sweden - the EXPRESS study2014In: Acta Ophthalmologica, ISSN 1755-375X, E-ISSN 1755-3768, Vol. 92, no 4, p. 311-315Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The primary aim was to analyse regional incidences of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and frequencies of treatment and their relation to perinatal risk factors during a 3-year period. A secondary aim was to study adherence to the study screening protocol in the different regions. Methods: A population-based study of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants in Sweden (EXPRESS) was performed during 2004-2007. Screening for ROP was to start at postnatal age 5weeks and to continue weekly until the retina was completely vascularized or until regression of ROP. Logistic regression analyses were used for evaluation of differences in incidence of Any ROP, ROP 3 or more and ROP Type 1 between the seven regions of the country. Results: The regional incidence of ROP varied between 54% and 92% for Any ROP, between 25% and 43% for ROP stage 3 or more and between 8% and 23% of infants with ROP Type 1, all of whom were treated. There was no significant difference between the regions regarding ROP Type 1, even when adjusting for known risk factors for ROP. Conclusion: The heterogeneity between the regions regarding the incidence of ROP was reduced with increasing severity of ROP, and there was no heterogeneity regarding frequency of treatment for ROP, which is the most important issue for the children. We cannot exclude observer bias regarding mild ROP and ROP stage 3 in this study.

  • 30. Babula, Oksana
    et al.
    Danielsson, Ingela
    Sjöberg, Inga
    Ledger, William J
    Witkin, Steven S
    Altered distribution of mannose-binding lectin alleles at exon I codon 54 in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome2004In: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ISSN 0002-9378, E-ISSN 1097-6868, Vol. 191, no 3, p. 762-766Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is active in the innate immune defense against microorganisms. In this study, we determined whether vulvar vestibulitis syndrome, a disorder of unknown etiology, was associated with an altered distribution of MBL alleles.

    Study design: Buccal swabs were obtained from women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome in New York (62) and from 2 cities in Sweden (60), as well as control women in New York (48) and Sweden (51). DNA was tested for a single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 54 in exon I by polymerase chain reaction, endonuclease digestion, and gel electrophoresis. Blood samples were also obtained from the New York women and tested by ELISA for plasma MBL concentrations. The relationships between genotype, allele frequencies, blood MBL levels, and diagnosis were analyzed by Fisher exact test and one-way analysis of variance.

    Results: The variant MBL allele, MBL*B, was detected in 35.5% and 26.7% of vulvar vestibulitis patients from New York and Sweden, respectively. Only 12.5% of New York controls (P = .007) and 9.8% of Swedish controls (P = .01) were MBL*2-positive. All women, with one exception, who were positive for MBL*B were MBL*A/MBL*B heterozygotes. Women who carried MBL*B had almost a 10-fold reduction in median plasma MBL concentrations (278 ng/mL), as opposed to women who were MBL*A homozygotes (1980 ng/mL) (P < .0001).

    Conclusion: MBL*B carriage and reduced plasma MBL levels are more common in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome than in control patients, and may contribute to symptomatology in a subset of patients.

  • 31.
    Baroudi, Mazen
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Stoor, Jon Petter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Blåhed, Hanna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Edin, Kerstin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Hurtig, Anna-Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Men and sexual and reproductive healthcare in the Nordic countries: a scoping review2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 9, article id e052600Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context: Men generally seek healthcare less often than women and, other than traditional gender norms, less is known about the explanation. The aim was to identify knowledge gaps and factors influencing men regarding sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRHC) in the Nordic countries.

    Methods: We searched PubMed and SveMed+ for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2010 and May 2020. The analyses identified factors influencing men’s experiences of and access to SRHC.

    Results: The majority of the 68 articles included focused on pregnancy, birth, infertility and sexually transmitted infections including HIV. During pregnancy and childbirth, men were treated as accompanying partners rather than individuals with their own needs. The knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers were crucial for their ability to provide SRHC and for the experiences of men. Organisational obstacles, such as women-centred SRHC and no assigned healthcare profession for men’s sexual and reproductive health issues, hindered men’s access to SRHC. Lastly, the literature rarely discussed the impact of health policies on men’s access to SRHC.

    Conclusions: The literature lacked the perspectives of specific groups of men such as migrants, men who have sex with men and transmen, as well as the experiences of men in SRHC related to sexual function, contraceptive use and gender-based violence. These knowledge gaps, taken together with the lack of a clear entry point for men into SRHC, indicate the necessity of an improved health and medical education of healthcare providers, as well as of health system interventions.

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  • 32.
    Bendix, Marie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Wihlbäck, Anna-Carin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Ahokas, Antti
    Jokinen, Jussi
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry.
    Allopregnanolone and progesterone in estradiol treated severe postpartum affective disorder2019In: Psychoneuroendocrinology, ISSN 0306-4530, E-ISSN 1873-3360, Vol. 107, p. 68-68Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 33. Bengtsdotter, Hanna
    et al.
    Lundin, Cecilia
    Gemzell Danielsson, Kristina
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Baumgart, Juliane
    Marions, Lena
    Brynhildsen, Jan
    Malmborg, Agota
    Lindh, Ingela
    Sundström Poromaa, Inger
    Ongoing or previous mental disorders predispose to adverse mood reporting during combined oral contraceptive use2018In: European journal of contraception & reproductive health care, ISSN 1362-5187, E-ISSN 1473-0782, Vol. 23, no 1, p. 45-51Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Previous studies have emphasised that women with pre-existing mood disorders are more inclined to discontinue hormonal contraceptive use. However, few studies have examined the effects of combined oral contraceptives (COC) on mood in women with previous or ongoing mental disorders.

    Materials and methods: This is a supplementary analysis of an investigator-initiated, double-blinded, randomised clinical trial during which 202 women were treated with either a COC (1.5mg estradiol and 2.5mg nomegestrolacetate) or placebo during three treatment cycles. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to collect information on previous or ongoing mental disorders. The primary outcome measure was the total change score in five mood symptoms on the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) scale in the intermenstrual phase of the treatment cycle.

    Results: Women with ongoing or previous mood, anxiety or eating disorders allocated to COC had higher total DRSP Δ-scores during the intermenstrual phase of the treatment cycle in comparison with corresponding women randomised to placebo, mean difference 1.3 (95% CI 0.3-2.3). In contrast, among women without mental health problems, no difference in total DRSP Δ-scores between COC- and placebo users was noted. Women with a risk use of alcohol who were randomised to the COC had higher total DRSP Δ-scores than women randomised to placebo, mean difference 2.1 (CI 95% 1.0-3.2).

    Conclusions: Women with ongoing or previous mental disorders or risk use of alcohol have greater risk of COC-induced mood symptoms. This may be worth noting during family planning and contraceptive counselling.

  • 34.
    Berglund, Anna-Lena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    A holistic view of urinary stress incontinence in women1995Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study group consists of 45 women with genuine stress incontinence who were selected for surgical treatment and randomized either to retropubic urethrocystopexy (n=30) or pubococcygeal repair (n=15). The preoperative assessment included medical history, gynecological examination, urine analysis and culture, residual urine, pad test, frequency-continence charts, water urethrocystoscopy, continence test and cystometry with analysis of micturition. Moreover, five semistructured interviews were performed with the women and two with their partner. The following questionnaires were used measuring a) personality characteristics: Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), b) depression: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and c) social support: Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI).

    The results have shown that there was no difference in the subjective cure rate between the two surgical methods (73% vs. 80 % respectively). The bladder volume had increased in both groups and the intravesical pressure of the bladder filled to maximum had increased in the pubococcygeal repair group. Other urodynamic variables were unchanged by the operation. Pad tests have demonstrated that 67 % of the women in the urethrocystopexy group and 47 % in the pubococcygeal repair group ceased to leak urine. Postoperatively, 63 % of the women in the urethrocystopexy group needed high doses of analgesics compared with only 33 % in the pubococcygeal repair group. Among the women experiencing severe to very severe pain dysphoric subjects were overrepresented. Postoperative residual urine was a minor nursing problem in both groups.

    Women with SUI of long duration scored significantly higher than controls on the KSP scales of somatic anxiety, psychic anxiety, psychasthenia, suspicion and on the EPI lie-scale. There was no significant difference in sexual activity before and after surgery. One or two sexual dysfunctions within the desire, excitement, orgasmic and resolution phase were reported by the majority of women both before and after surgical intervention.

    The cured women reported a higher level of overall activities before surgery than the improved (i.e. not cured) women, whereas post surgery both the cured and the improved women obtained about the same level of activities. Regarding social support, no differences between the cured or improved women occured as concerns attachment. The cured women showed a higher degree of adequacy of social integration compared with the improved women.

    In order to delineate predictive factors for the surgical outcome the following variables were investigated: age of patient, duration of urine leakage, parity, personality, psychological and social factors. The following predictors of the outcome of surgical treatment emerged: duration of stress incontinence, neuroticism and age of patient.

    The results of the present study indicate the ecessity of a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and nursing of women with SUI.

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  • 35.
    Berglund, Staffan K.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics. EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
    Torres-Espinola, Francisco J.
    Garcia-Valdes, Luz
    Teresa Segura, Ma
    Martinez-Zaldivar, Cristina
    Padilla, Carmen
    Rueda, Ricardo
    Petez Garcia, Miguel
    McArdle, Harry J.
    Campoy, Cristina
    The impacts of maternal iron deficiency and being overweight during pregnancy on neurodevelopment of the offspring2017In: British Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0007-1145, E-ISSN 1475-2662, Vol. 118, no 7, p. 533-540Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Both maternal Fe deficiency (ID) and being overweight or obese (Ow/Ob, BMI >= 25 kg/m(2)) may negatively affect offspring brain development. However, the two risk factors correlate and their independent effects on infant neurodevelopment are unclear. PREOBE is a prospective observational study that included 331 pregnant Spanish women, of whom 166 had pre-gestational Ow/Ob. Fe status was analysed at 34 weeks and at delivery, and babies were assessed using Bayley III scales of neurodevelopment at 18 months. In confounder-adjusted analyses, maternal ID at 34 weeks was associated with lower composite motor scores at 18 months (mean 113.3 (SD 9.9) v. 117.1 (SD 9.2), P=0.039). Further, the offspring of mothers with ID at delivery had lower cognitive scores (114.0 (SD 9.7) v. 121.5 (SD 10.9), P = 0.039) and lower receptive, expressive and composite (99.5 (SD 8.6) v. 107.6 (SD 8.3), P= 0.004) language scores. The negative associations between maternal ID at delivery and Bayley scores remained even when adjusting for maternal Ow/Ob and gestational diabetes. Similarly, maternal Ow/Ob correlated with lower gross motor scores in the offspring (12.3 (SD 2.0) v. 13.0 (SD 2.1), P = 0.037), a correlation that remained when adjusting for maternal ID. In conclusion, maternal ID and pre-gestational Ow/Ob are both negatively associated with Bayley scores at 18 months, but independently and on different subscales. These results should be taken into account when considering Fe supplementation for pregnant women.

  • 36.
    Bergman, Caroline
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Maternal satisfaction following induction of labour2017Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 37.
    Bergström, Cecilia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Persson, Margareta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Mogren, Ingrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Pregnancy-related low back pain and pelvic girdle pain approximately 14 months after pregnancy - pain status, self-rated health and family situation2014In: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, ISSN 1471-2393, E-ISSN 1471-2393, Vol. 14, p. 48-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) in pregnancy is distinct from pregnancy-related low back pain (PLBP). However, women with combined PLBP and PGP report more serious consequences in terms of health and function. PGP has been estimated to affect about half of pregnant women, where 25% experience serious pain and 8% experience severe disability. To date there are relatively few studies regarding persistent PLBP/PGP postpartum of more than 3 months, thus the main objective was to identify the prevalence of persistent PLBP and PGP as well as the differences over time in regard to pain status, self-rated health (SRH) and family situation at 12 months postpartum. Methods: The study is a 12 month follow-up of a cohort of pregnant women developing PLBP and PGP during pregnancy, and who experienced persistent pain at 6 month follow-up after pregnancy. Women reporting PLBP/PGP (n = 639) during pregnancy were followed up with a second questionnaire at approximately six month after delivery. Women reporting recurrent or persistent LBP/PGP at the second questionnaire (n = 200) were sent a third questionnaire at 12 month postpartum. Results: A total of 176 women responded to the questionnaire. Thirty-four women (19.3%) reported remission of LBP/PGP, whereas 65.3% (n = 115) and 15.3% (n = 27), reported recurrent LBP/PGP or continuous LBP/PGP, respectively. The time between base line and the 12 months follow-up was in actuality 14 months. Women with previous LBP before pregnancy had an increased odds ratio (OR) of reporting 'recurrent pain' (OR = 2.47) or 'continuous pain' (OR = 3.35) postpartum compared to women who reported 'no pain' at the follow-up. Women with 'continuous pain' reported statistically significant higher level of pain at all measure points (0, 6 and 12 months postpartum). Non-responders were found to report a statistically significant less positive scoring regarding relationship satisfaction compared to responders. Conclusions: The results from this study demonstrate that persistent PLBP/PGP is a major individual and public health issue among women 14 months postpartum, negatively affecting their self-reported health. However, the perceived relationship satisfaction seems to be stable between the groups.

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  • 38. Billfeldt, Nina K.
    et al.
    Borgfeldt, Christer
    Lindkvist, Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Stjerndahl, Jan-Henrik
    Ankardal, Maud
    A Swedish population-based evaluation of benign hysterectomy, comparing minimally invasive and abdominal surgery2018In: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, ISSN 0301-2115, E-ISSN 1872-7654, Vol. 222, p. 113-118Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim was to evaluate surgical routes for benign hysterectomy in a Swedish population, including abdominal and minimally invasive surgery. Study design: Prospectively collected data from the Swedish National GynOp Registry 2009-2015: 13 806 hysterectomy cases were included: abdominal (AH, n = 7485), vaginal (VH, n = 3767), conventional laparoscopic (LH, n = 1539) and robotically-assisted (RAH, n = 1015). Results: The VH group had the shortest operation time at 75 min, AH 97 min and RAH 104 min. LH was longest at 127 min (p < 0.005). The mean estimated blood loss was higher in the AH group (250 ml) compared to all minimally invasive surgery (MIS, 65-172 ml): p < 0.005). Conversion rates were 10% for LH, 4.8% for VH and 1.6% for RAH (p < 0.005). Hospitalization and patient reported time to normal activities of daily living (ADL) were longer for AH compared to MIS (p < 0.005). Time to return to work was eight days longer in the AN group (35 days) compared with the MIS groups (p < 0.005). Complications were fewest in the VH group at 5.4% compared with AH 7.6% and RAH 8.7% (both p < 0.001), but did not significantly differ from the LH group at 6.6%. Overall patient satisfaction was reported to be 86-94% one year after surgery. Conclusion: Women operated on for benign hysterectomy with minimally invasive methods in Sweden 2009-2015 had reduced length of hospitalization, as well as time to resuming normal ADL and return to work, compared to AH. Postoperative outcome measures were improved by minimally invasive methods and MIS should preferably be used.

  • 39.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Centrum för obstetrik och gynekologi Västerbotten, Norrlands universitetssjukhus, Umeå, Sverige.
    Gynekologisk anamnes och undersökningsmetoder2022In: Problemorienterad gynekologi och obstetrik / [ed] Marie Bixo; Inger Sundström Poromaa, Stockholm: Liber, 2022, 2, p. 28-43Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Centrum för obstetrik och gynekologi Västerbotten, Norrlands universitetssjukhus, Umeå, Sverige.
    Klimakteriebesvär2022In: Problemorienterad gynekologi och obstetrik / [ed] Marie Bixo; Inger Sundström Poromaa, Stockholm: Liber, 2022, 2, p. 225-234Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 41.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Norrlands universitetssjukhus, Umeå, Sverige.
    Klimakteriet2022In: Gynekologi / [ed] Torbjörn Bäckström; Preben Kjølhede; Britt-Marie Landgren, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2022, 3, p. 97-107Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 42.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Ovarian steroids in rat and human brain: effects of different endocrine states1987Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Ovarian steroid hormones are known to produce several different effects in the brain. In addition to their role in gonadotropin release, ovulation and sexual behaviour they also seem to affect mood and emotions, as shown in women with the premenstrual tension syndrome. Some steroids have the ability to affect brain excitability. Estradiol decreases the electroshock threshold while progesterone acts as an anti-convulsant and anaesthetic in both animals and humans. Several earlier studies have shown a specific uptake of several steroids in the animal brain but only a few recent studies have established the presence of steroids in the human brain.

    In the present studies, the dissections of rat and human brains were carried out macroscopically and areas that are considered to be related to steroid effects were chosen. Steroid concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay after extraction and separation with celite chromatography. The accuracy and specificity of these methods were estimated.

    In the animal studies, immature female rats were treated with Pregnant Mare's Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) to induce simultaneous ovulations. Concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were measured in seven brain areas pre- and postovulatory. The highest concentration of estradiol, pre- and postovulatory, was found in the hypothalamus and differences between the two cycle phases were detected in most brain areas. The preovulatory concentrations of progesterone were low and the highest postovulatory concentration was found in the cerebral cortex.

    In one study, the rats were injected with pharmacological doses of progesterone to induce "anaesthesia". High uptake of progesterone was found and a regional variation in the formation of 5<*-pregnane-3,20-dione in the brain with the highest ratio in the medulla oblongata.

    Concentrations of progesterone, 5a-pregnane-3*20-dione, estradiol and testosterone were determined in 17 brain areas of fertile compared to postmenopausal women. All steroids displayed regional differences in brain concentrations. Higher concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were found in the fertile compared to the postmenopausal women.

    In summary, these studies show that the concentrations of ovarian steroids in the brain are different at different endocrine states in both rats and humans and that there are regional differences in brain steroid distribution.

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  • 43.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Reply2006In: Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause, ISSN 1072-3714, E-ISSN 1530-0374, Vol. 13, no 3, p. 538-538Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Bixo, Marie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Ekberg, Karin
    Poromaa, Inger Sundstrom
    Hirschberg, Angelica Linden
    Jonasson, Aino Fianu
    Andreen, Lotta
    Timby, Erika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Wulff, Marianne
    Ehrenborg, Agneta
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder with the GABA(A) receptor modulating steroid antagonist Sepranolone (UC1010)-A randomized controlled trial2017In: Psychoneuroendocrinology, ISSN 0306-4530, E-ISSN 1873-3360, Vol. 80, p. 46-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context: Allopregnanolone is a metabolite from progesterone and a positive modulator of the GABAA receptor. This endogenous steroid may induce negative mood in sensitive women when present in serum levels comparable to the premenstrual phase. Its endogenous isomer, isoallopregnanolone, has been shown to antagonize allopregnanolone effects in experimental animal and human models.

    Objective: The objective was to test whether inhibition of allopregnanolone by treatment with the GABAA modulating steroid antagonist (GAMSA) Sepranolone (UC1010) during the premenstrual phase could reduce symptoms of the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The pharmacokinetic parameters of UC1010 when given as a subcutaneous injection were measured in healthy women prior to the study in women with PMDD.

    Design: This was an explorative randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

    Setting: Swedish multicentre study with 10 centers.

    Participants: Participants were 26 healthy women in a pharmacokinetic phase I study part, and 126 women with PMDD in a phase II study part. Diagnosis followed the criteria for PMDD in DSM-5 using Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) and Endicott’s algorithm.

    Intervention: Subjects were randomized to treatment with UC1010 (10 or 16 mg) subcutaneously every second day during the luteal phase or placebo during one menstrual cycle.

    Outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was the sum of all 21 items in DRSP (Total DRSP score). Secondary outcomes were Negative mood score i.e. the ratings of the 4 key symptoms in PMDD (anger/irritability, depression, anxiety and lability) and impairment (impact on daily life).

    Results: 26 healthy women completed the pharmacokinetic phase I study and the dosing in the following trial was adjusted according to the results. 106 of the 126 women completed the phase II study. Within this group, a significant treatment effect with UC1010 compared to placebo was obtained for the Total DRSP score (p = 0.041) and borderline significance (p = 0.051) for the sum of Negative mood score.

    Nineteen participants however showed symptoms during the follicular phase that might be signs of an underlying other conditions, and 27 participants had not received the medication as intended during the symptomatic phase. Hence, to secure that the significant result described above was not due to chance, a post hoc sub-group analysis was performed, including only women with pure PMDD who completed the trial as intended (n = 60). In this group UC1010 reduced Total DRSP scores by 75% compared with 47% following placebo; the effect size 0.7 (p = 0.006), and for sum of Negative mood score (p = 0.003) and impairment (p = 0.010) with the effect size 0.6. No severe adverse events were reported during the treatment and safety parameters (vital signs and blood chemistry) remained normal during the study.

    Conclusions: This explorative study indicates promising results for UC1010 as a potential treatment for PMDD. The effect size was comparable to that of SSRIs and drospirenone containing oral contraceptives. UC1010 was well tolerated and deemed safe.

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  • 45.
    Bixo, Marie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Johansson, Maja
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Timby, Erika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Michalski, Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Effects of GABA active steroids in the female brain with a focus on the premenstrual dysphoric disorder2018In: Journal of neuroendocrinology (Print), ISSN 0953-8194, E-ISSN 1365-2826, Vol. 30, no 2, article id e12553Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) afflicts 3%-5% of women of childbearing age, and is characterised by recurrent negative mood symptoms (eg, irritability, depression, anxiety and emotional lability) during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The aetiology of PMDD is unknown, although a temporal association with circulating ovarian steroids, in particular progesterone and its metabolite allopregnanolone, has been established during the luteal phase. Allopregnanolone is a positive modulator of the GABA(A) receptor: it is sedative in high concentrations but may precipitate paradoxical adverse effects on mood at levels corresponding to luteal phase concentrations in susceptible women. Saccadic eye velocity (SEV) is a measure of GABA(A) receptor sensitivity; in experimental studies of healthy women, i.v. allopregnanolone decreases SEV. Women with PMDD display an altered sensitivity to an i.v. injection of allopregnanolone compared to healthy controls in this model. In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, women with PMDD react differently to emotional stimuli in contrast to controls. A consistent finding in PMDD patients is increased amygdala reactivity during the luteal phase. Post-mortem studies in humans have revealed that allopregnanolone concentrations vary across different brain regions, although mean levels in the brain also reflect variations in peripheral serum concentrations. The amygdala processes emotions such as anxiety and aggression. This is interesting because allopregnanolone is detected at high concentrations within the region into which marked increases in blood flow are measured with fMRI following progesterone/allopregnanolone administration. Allopregnanolone effects are antagonised by its isomer isoallopregnanolone (UC1010), which significantly reduces negative mood symptoms in women with PMDD when administered s.c. in the premenstrual phase. This was shown in a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which the primary outcome was change in symptom scoring on the Daily Rating of Severity of Problems (DRSP): the treatment reduced negative mood scores (P<.005), as well as total DRSP scores (P<.01), compared to placebo in women with PMDD. In conclusion, the underlying studies of this review provide evidence that allopregnanolone is the provoking factor behind the negative mood symptoms in PMDD and that isoallopregnanolone could ameliorate the symptoms as a result of its ability to antagonise the allopregnanolone effect on the GABA(A) receptor.

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  • 46.
    Bixo, Marie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Lindén Hirschberg, Angelica
    Ännu inte visat att östradiol och »naturligt« progesteron är säkert2015In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 112, no 11, article id DAXWArticle in journal (Refereed)
  • 47.
    Bixo, Marie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Centrum för obstetrik och gynekologi Västerbotten, Norrlands universitetssjukhus, Umeå, Sverige.
    Sundström Poromaa, IngerInstitutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Uppsala universitet, Uppsala, Sverige; Kvinnokliniken, Uppsala akademiska sjukhus, Uppsala, Sverige.
    Problemorienterad gynekologi och obstetrik2022Collection (editor) (Other academic)
  • 48. Bjurberg, Maria
    et al.
    Kjellén, Elisabeth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences. Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital.
    Ohlsson, Tomas
    Bendahl, Pär-Ola
    Brun, Eva
    Prediction of patient outcome with 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography early during radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer2009In: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, ISSN 1048-891X, E-ISSN 1525-1438, Vol. 19, no 9, p. 1600-1605Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: It is difficult to assess the individual response of locally advanced cervical cancer to chemoradiation therapy during the course of treatment. We have investigated the predictive value of positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) early during treatment in relation to progression-free survival.

    Methods: This prospective single-center clinical trial included women with locally advanced cervical cancer from 2004 to 2008. 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose-PET/computed tomography was performed at baseline, during the third week of treatment and, finally, 3 months after the completion of treatment. The images were evaluated visually, semiquantitatively with the maximum standardized uptake value, and by calculating the metabolic rate of FDG. Thirty-two patients were eligible for full evaluation.

    Results: The median follow-up time was 28 months (range, 5-53 months). Visual metabolic complete response on FDG-PET, after a mean irradiation dose of 23 Gy (range, 16-27 Gy), was found in 7 patients, none of which relapsed. Eleven of the 25 patients with remaining malignant hypermetabolism on the second FDG-PET relapsed. Neither maximum standardized uptake value nor metabolic rate of FDG could further discriminate between patients with low risk and patients with high risk of relapse. The follow-up FDG-PET performed 3 months after the completion of treatment identified a group of patients with poor prognosis.

    Conclusions: In conclusion, FDG-PET early during chemoradiation therapy identified a small number of patients with an excellent prognosis. However, FDG-PET at this early point in time during treatment failed to predict the outcome for most patients. Future clinical trials to determine the optimal timing of predictive FDG-PET are thus warranted.

  • 49.
    Björk, Emma
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Örnsköldsvik Hospital, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden.
    Vinnars, Marie-Therese
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Örnsköldsvik Hospital, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden.
    Nagaev, Ivan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Nagaeva, Olga
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Ottander, Ulrika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Enhanced local and systemic inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in women with endometriosis evokes compensatory adaptive regulatory mRNA response that mediates immune suppression and impairs cytotoxicity2020In: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, ISSN 1046-7408, E-ISSN 1600-0897, Vol. 84, no 4, article id e13298Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Problem: Endometriosis is a disease characterized by ectopic implantation of endometrium and impaired immune responses. To explore its pathogenic mechanisms, we studied the local and systemic cytokine mRNA profiles and their role in the immunity of patients with endometriosis and healthy controls.

    Method of Study: mRNA for eleven cytokines defining cytotoxic Th1, humoral Th2, regulatory Tr1/Th3, and inflammatory cytokine profiles was characterized locally in endometriotic tissue and endometrium, and systemically in PBMCs from women with endometriosis and healthy controls, using real‐time qRT‐PCR. In addition, immunohistochemical stainings with monoclonal antibodies were performed looking for T regulatory cells in endometriotic lesions.

    Results: We found a downregulation of mRNA for cytokines mediating cytotoxicity and antibody response and an upregulation of inflammatory and T‐regulatory cytokines in the endometriotic tissues and endometrium from the patients with endometriosis, suggesting enhanced local inflammation and priming of an adaptive regulatory response. Consistent with those findings, there was an abundancy of T regulatory cells in the endometriotic lesions.

    Conclusions: The ectopic implantation seen in endometriosis could be possible as a consequence of increased inflammation and priming of adaptive T regulatory cells, resulting in impaired cytotoxicity and enhanced immune suppression.

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  • 50.
    Björn, Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Hormone replacement therapy and effects on mood2003Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: During the past 5 decades, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used, and appreciated for its beneficial effects, by millions of women in their menopause. As treatment for climacteric symptoms, estrogen is outstanding, and effects on hot flushes, vaginal dryness, and insomnia have been widely documented. The increased risks of venous thrombosis and breast cancer, however, restrict the use of estrogen.

    Estrogen treatment in women with a remaining uterus includes a progestin, added to protect the endometrium from hyperplasia and malignancies. The long-standing clinical impression, that progestin addition negatively influences mood, has been discussed in previous studies. Mood deterioration is, however, not mortal, although mood is important to the wellbeing and daily functioning of women treated with hormones. Studies of the mental side effects of HRT add to our understanding of steroid effects in the brain.

    Aims and methods: In our studies, we aimed to establish to what extent negative side effects cause women to discontinue HRT, and find out which drug compounds lead to mood deterioration. The questions asked were whether the type and dose of progestin and the estrogen dose during the progestin addition influence the mood and physical symptoms during sequential HRT.

    Compliance with HRT and reasons for discontinuing the therapy were evaluated in a retrospective longitudinal follow-up study. Treatment effects were studied in three randomized, double-blind, cross-over trials. During continuous estrogen treatment, effects of sequential addition of a progestin were studied by comparing two different progestins, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) andnorethisterone acetate (NETA), comparing different doses of the same progestin, MPA, and comparing two doses of estrogen during addition of the same dose of MPA. The main outcome measure was the daily rating on mood and physical symptoms kept by the participants throughout the studies. The clinical trials were carried out at three gynecological centers in northern Sweden.

    Results and conclusions: Besides fear of cancer and a wish to determine whether climacteric symptoms had meanwhile disappeared, negative side effects was the most common reason or discontinuing HRT. Tension in the breasts, weight gain, a depressed mood, abdominal bloating, and irritability were the most important side effects seen both in women who continued HRT and in women who had discontinued the therapy.

    In our clinical trials, we showed that addition of a progestin to estrogen treatment induces cyclic mood swings characterized by tension, irritability, and depression, as well as increased breast tension, bloatedness, and hot flushes. Women with a history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) appeared to be more sensitive to the progestin addition and responded with lower mood scores compared with women without previous PMS. In our studies, MPA provoked depressed mood to a lesser extent than did NETA. Surprisingly, the higher dose of MPA (20 mg) enhanced the mood, compared with 10 mg, when added to estrogen treatment. In women continuously treated with 3 mg estradiol, mood and physical symptoms worsened during the progestin addition, as compared with treatment with 2 mg estradiol. The negative side effects seen during sequential HRT have much in common with symptoms seen in the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is a psychoneuroendocrine disorder with psychiatric expression. Explanations for treatment effects on mood are likely to be found in drug interactions with neurotransmitter systems of the brain.

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    Hormone replacement therapy and effects on mood
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