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  • 1.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Fysioterapi.
    Lundell, Sara
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Fysioterapi.
    Barnekow-Bergkvist, Margareta
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Fysioterapi.
    Jansson, Eva
    Westerståhl, Maria
    The Swedish physical activity and fitness cohort born in 1958 - dropout analysis and overview at 36-year follow-up2017Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, ISSN 0905-7188, E-ISSN 1600-0838, Vol. 27, nr 4, s. 418-429Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The main aim of the Swedish physical activity and fitness cohort study (SPAF-1958) was to describe physical fitness, physical activity, health, and lifestyle across part of the lifespan, and to assess the influences on these factors from the environment, personal factors, and genetics. There is inevitable dropout from longitudinal studies, and it may be systematic. The aim of this first paper of the second follow-up of SPAF-1958 was to provide a dropout analysis to consider to what extent the participants, at 52 years of age, remain a representative sample of the original adolescent study population. Additional aims were to provide an overview of the study protocol and the ongoing study population. Ongoing study participants in SPAF born in 1958 were, at the second follow-up at the age of 52, still representative of the study cohort in terms of sex, adolescent geographical area, upper secondary school program, adolescent body composition, muscular strength, and muscular endurance. However, a higher physical activity and, among women, a higher aerobic capacity in adolescence decreased the risk for dropout. It is important when interpreting results from longitudinal studies to adjust for the systematic dropout that could bias the conclusions drawn from the results.

  • 2.
    Abbara, Aula
    et al.
    Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
    Almalla, Mohamed
    American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
    AlMasri, Ibrahim
    O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
    AlKabbani, Hussam
    Department of Health and Nutrition Al-Ameen for Humanitarian Support, Gaziantep, Turkey.
    Karah, Nabil
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Molekylär Infektionsmedicin, Sverige (MIMS). Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR). Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för molekylärbiologi (Medicinska fakulteten).
    El-Amin, Wael
    King's College Hospital London, United Arab Emirates.
    Rajan, Latha
    Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, LA, New Orleans, United States.
    Rahhal, Ibrahim
    Hand in Hand for Aid and Development, Gaziantep, Turkey.
    Alabbas, Mohammad
    Hand in Hand for Aid and Development, Gaziantep, Turkey.
    Sahloul, Zaher
    Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, University of Illinois, IL, Chicago, United States.
    Tarakji, Ahmad
    Syrian American Medical Society, Washington DC, United States.
    Sparrow, Annie
    Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.
    The challenges of tuberculosis control in protracted conflict: The case of Syria2020Ingår i: International Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 1201-9712, E-ISSN 1878-3511, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 1201-9712, Vol. 90, s. 53-59Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Syria's protracted conflict has resulted in ideal conditions for the transmission of tuberculosis (TB) and the cultivation of drug-resistant strains. This paper compares TB control in Syria before and after the conflict using available data, examines the barriers posed by protracted conflict and those specific to Syria, and discusses what measures can be taken to address the control of TB in Syria.

    Results: Forced mass displacement and systematic violations of humanitarian law have resulted in overcrowding and the destruction of key infrastructure, leading to an increased risk of both drug-sensitive and resistant TB, while restricting the ability to diagnose, trace contacts, treat, and follow-up. Pre-conflict, TB in Syria was officially reported at 22 per 100 000 population; the official figure for 2017 of 19 per 100 000 is likely a vast underestimate given the challenges and barriers to case detection. Limited diagnostics also affect the diagnosis of multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant TB, reported as comprising 8.8% of new diagnoses in 2017.

    Conclusions: The control of TB in Syria requires a multipronged, tailored, and pragmatic approach to improve timely diagnosis, increase detection, stop transmission, and mitigate the risk of drug resistance. Solutions must also consider vulnerable populations such as imprisoned and besieged communities where the risk of drug resistance is particularly high, and must recognize the limitations of national programming. Strengthening capacity to control TB in Syria with particular attention to these factors will positively impact other parallel conditions; this is key as attention turns to post-conflict reconstruction.

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  • 3. Abbara, Aula
    et al.
    Rawson, Timothy M.
    Karah, Nabil
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för molekylärbiologi (Medicinska fakulteten). Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Molekylär Infektionsmedicin, Sverige (MIMS). Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR).
    El-Amin, Wael
    Hatcher, James
    Tajaldin, Bachir
    Dar, Osman
    Dewachi, Omar
    Abu Sitta, Ghassan
    Uhlin, Bernt Eric
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR). Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Molekylär Infektionsmedicin, Sverige (MIMS). Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för molekylärbiologi (Medicinska fakulteten).
    Sparrow, Annie
    A summary and appraisal of existing evidence of antimicrobial resistance in the Syrian conflict2018Ingår i: International Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 1201-9712, E-ISSN 1878-3511, Vol. 75, s. 26-33Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in populations experiencing war has yet to be addressed, despite the abundance of contemporary conflicts and the protracted nature of twenty-first century wars, in combination with growing global concern over conflict-associated bacterial pathogens. The example of the Syrian conflict is used to explore the feasibility of using existing global policies on AMR in conditions of extreme conflict. The available literature on AMR and prescribing behaviour in Syria before and since the onset of the conflict in March 2011 was identified. Overall, there is a paucity of rigorous data before and since the onset of conflict in Syria to contextualize the burden of AMR. However, post onset of the conflict, an increasing number of studies conducted in neighbouring countries and Europe have reported AMR in Syrian refugees. High rates of multidrug resistance, particularly Gram-negative organisms, have been noted amongst Syrian refugees when compared with local populations. Conflict impedes many of the safeguards against AMR, creates new drivers, and exacerbates existing ones. Given the apparently high rates of AMR in Syria, in neighbouring countries hosting refugees, and in European countries providing asylum, this requires the World Health Organization and other global health institutions to address the causes, costs, and future considerations of conflict-related AMR as an issue of global governance. (c) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.

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  • 4.
    Abdelaziz, Amr Abdelaziz Badrawy
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Troeller, Kenan Craig
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Endovascular versus Open Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Sweden2018Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Approximately 600 people die from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurism annually in Sweden. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a widening of the abdominal aorta. If a ruptured aortic aneurysm occurs (RAAA), it is a medical emergency and it is a life-threatening condition. The two interventions used to treat RAAA patients are known as the endovascular strategy (EVAR) and the open repair method (OR). Given the life-threatening nature of RAAA, mortality rates are quite high especially considering that this medical condition affects predominantly the elderly. Determining whether a patient is more suitable for EVAR or OR depends on —among other clinical factors— whether technical expertise and resources are available to perform EVAR. The Swedish Agency for Health and Technology Assessment (SBU) explain that it is currently unclear as to which of the two intervention is the cost-effective alternative in treating RAAA in Sweden. 

    Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the non-invasive EVAR (endovascular) or traditional surgery known as OR (open repair) is more cost-effective in treating RAAA in Sweden.

    Methods: A Cost-effectiveness analysis with healthcare provider perspective using secondary data from relevant peer-reviewed literature from Sweden, other European countries, Swedvascs' and Socialstyrelsens' registries. The model of choice for this evaluation is a decision tree. The target population is males and females who suffer from RAAA in Sweden ranging from ages 50 – 90+, the majority of which were >65. Two subgroups were analyzed; RAAA patients treated with EVAR  and RAAA patients treated with OR. Total RAAA patients n=178. EVAR n= 73. OR n= 105. The time horizon in the base-case is 90 days. The outcome measures are incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), QALYs and cost/QALY. A one-way deterministic sensitivity analyses, in addition to a probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed in order to assess the level of confidence that may be associated with the conclusion of this economic evaluation

    Results: Results from the base-case analysis shows that EVAR's cost per QALY gained is SEK 715,823.82 with an ICER of SEK 1,113,499.44 per QALY gained. Results of the base-case analysis shows that EVAR is not cost-effective when considering the commonly accepted threshold of SEK 500,000 per QALY gained. Results of the deterministic sensitivity analyses show that under all suggested scenarios EVAR was not cost-effective. However, results of the probabilistic sensitivity analysis result shows that there is a considerable uncertainty around the cost-effectiveness of EVAR.

    Conclusion: EVAR is not cost-effective with marginal clinical benefits compared to OR. Since it is a high cost intervention which lacks national guidelines from "Socialstyrelsen", individual county councils in Sweden will likely have to make the decision individually if they want to adopt EVAR as a treatment method for RAAA. While RAAA is a very severe health condition it also has a low prevalence in Sweden meaning county councils with larger population centers, budgets and availability of technical expertise/equipment can still introduce EVAR to treat RAAA even if the cost-effectiveness analysis results exceed the commonly accepted threshold value of SEK 500,000 per QALY gained. Due to uncertainties vis-à-vis a lack of more conclusive data in a Swedish context, further investigation is required before recommending EVAR for subsidization. It would however be worth pursuing this end given the promise of EVAR as a non-invasive and more benign treatment method for patients. 

  • 5.
    Abdelhay, Amro Gaber
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Antibiotic misuse in Egypt from the community pharmacists' perspective.: A study protocol.2019Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (magisterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction/Background: Antibiotic resistance (AR) has become a danger threats to all countries and regions in the world. Decreased effectiveness of antibiotics in treating some infections due to antibiotic resistance is leading to more suffering for patients, increased treatment costs, increased days of hospitalization as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. In order to tackle AR, a much more responsible use of antibiotics is needed including avoidance of overuse, overprescribing and any other type of inappropriate use of antibiotics. Egypt is one of the countries with high rate of antibiotic misuse- In the study that this study protocol is outlining, the reasons for misuse will be explored from the community pharmacists’ perspectives in order to suggest possible solutions.

    Objective: The general objective is to study factors contributing to antibiotic misuse in Egypt from the perspective of community pharmacists.

    Method: A cross sectional study will be conducted using structured questionnaire. Answers will be collected from community pharmacists in Fayoum governorate in Egypt whereafter data analysis will be done.

    Study work plan: It is intended that the study period altogether will be six months.

  • 6.
    Abdelmoety, Ahmed
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    An investigation into the lived experiences of parents and health professionals involved in the treatment of children with cleft lip and/ or cleft palate in Egypt2013Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (magisterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
  • 7.
    Abdi, Yakoub Aden
    et al.
    Amoud University College of Health Sciences, Borama, Somaliland; Somali-Swedish Researchers’ Association (SSRA), Stockholm, Sweden.
    Said, Nasir Ibrahim
    Amoud University College of Health Sciences, Borama, Somaliland.
    Abdi Hared, Yusuf
    Amoud University College of Health Sciences, Borama, Somaliland.
    Ayeh, Ismail
    Amoud University College of Health Sciences, Borama, Somaliland.
    Walhad, Said Ahmed
    Amoud University College of Health Sciences, Borama, Somaliland.
    Mental health care delivery in poor settings through trained female community health workers: a five-year intervention program in Somaliland2021Ingår i: Somali Health Action Journal, E-ISSN 2004-1985, Vol. 1, nr 1Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The situation of mental health globally is alarming particularly in developing countries. In Somaliland/Somalia, every third person may be suffering from some sort of mental illness according to the World Health Organization. Major barriers to improve mental health include stigma and lack of skilled human resources.

    Objectives: The aim was to explore the feasibility of organizing integrated community-based mental, epilepsy and mother and child health services delivered by trained female community health workers (FCHWs) in three urban sites (Borama, Baki and Dila) in the Awdal Region, Somaliland.

    Methods: After selection of the 3 project sites and recruitment and training of project staff, a baseline survey was carried out. First, the sites were properly mapped based on existing geographical administrative sectors and sub-sectors of the sites. Then a representative sample of 2,722 households was randomly selected from all the 3 sites. The female head of each of those households were then interviewed using a questionnaire containing 22 questions on the target groups. The questionnaire responses were coded, and data analysed using Statistical software program, SPSS. After the baseline survey, the FCHWs were deployed in the sites assigning a specified area to each female worker. The FCHWs worked 6 hours per day 6 days per week and were required to visit 6 families each day including follow-ups. Their activities included identification of patients with severe mental illness (SMI) or with epilepsy, counselling, distribution of medications, follow-up of patients already on medication, referral, stigma reduction and documentation of their daily activities in logbooks.

    Results: The baseline study showed that 12% of the households were taking care of at least one person with SMI each, while 7% had one person with epilepsy each. Of the patients with SMI, 18% were on chains. During the project period (2015-2019), the number of people with SMI or with epilepsy who benefited from the project was 2.225 and 738 respectively and their families empowered through increased mental health awareness. Among the patients with SMI, 237 were on chains before intervention and 85% of them were successfully released from their shackles.

    Conclusions: This project has shown that deployment of trained and supported FCHWs can be used to reduce the mental health care gap in Somaliland. It is suggested as a model project which could, hopefully, be replicated and tested in other similar settings.

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  • 8.
    Abdou, Ahmed
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Experiences and Perspectives of Arabic- speaking Migrants about Healthcare in Sweden2023Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (magisterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
  • 9.
    Abdullahi, Mohamed Farah
    et al.
    Department of Research and Development, Puntland University of Science and Technology , Galkayo City, Somalia..
    Stewart Williams, Jennifer
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa. Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, Australia.
    Sahlen, Klas-Göran
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Bile, Khalif
    enior National Advisor Health Systems and Policy and Board Member Somali and Swedish Researchers' Association (SSRA) , Vällingby, Sweden.
    Kinsman, John
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa. Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health (IHCAR), Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden.
    Factors contributing to the uptake of childhood vaccination in Galkayo District, Puntland, Somalia2020Ingår i: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 13, nr 1, artikel-id 1803543Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: As in many Sub-Saharan African countries, the health system in Somalia is not operating at the capacity needed to lift childhood vaccination coverage to ninety percent or above, as recommended by United Nations Children's Fund. Current national estimates of coverage for the six major vaccine preventable childhood diseases range from thirty to sixty percent. Infectious disease outbreaks continue to pose significant challenges for the country's health authorities.

    OBJECTIVE: This important qualitative study, conducted in Galkayo District, Somalia, investigates limiting factors associated with childhood vaccination uptake from the perspective of both communities and health care workers.

    METHODS: Qualitative information was collected through six focus group discussions with parents (n = 48) and five one-to-one interviews with health workers (n = 15) between March and May 2017, in three settings in the Galkayo District - Galkayo city, Bayra and Bacadwayn.

    RESULTS: From a health system perspective, the factors are: awareness raising, hard to reach areas, negative attitudes and perceived knowledge of health workers, inadequate supplies and infrastructure, and missed vaccination opportunities. From the perspective of individuals and communities the factors are: low trust in vaccines, misinterpretation of religious beliefs, vaccine refusals, Somalia's patriarchal system and rumours and misinformation. Parents mostly received immunization information from social mobilizers and health facilities. Fathers, who are typically family decision-makers, were poorly informed. The findings highlight the need for in-service training to enable health workers to improve communication with parents, particularly fathers, peripheral communities and local religious leaders.

    CONCLUSIONS: Enhancing knowledge and awareness of vaccination among parents is crucial. Fathers' involvement is lacking. This may be boosted by highlighting fathers' obligation to protect their children's health through vaccination. It is also important that men engage with the wider community in decision-making and advance towards the global vaccination targets.

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  • 10.
    Abedpour Dehkordi, Adel
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Mental health in Northern Sweden: focusing on depressive symptoms; a risk factors analysis2016Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) have classified depressive disorders as the unique most burdensome disease from the point of overall DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) among individuals in working ages. The continuous monitoring is of great importance for prevention and controlling strategies and it could be linked to economic development in the country via reducing DALYs. The rate of mental disorders has increased in Sweden during last years. In the present thesis, we aim to analyze the risk factors and prevalence of clinical depression in Northern Sweden.

    Material & Methods:An empirical cross-sectional study performed based on a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of inhabitants in Northern Sweden. 23560 individuals responded to the question about taking medicine for depression in last three months, which considered as the target sample. Descriptive statistics was used to measure prevalence of depression across different sociodemographic, social and behavioral factors. Pearson Chi square test was used for comparative purposes. Univariate/Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratio for depression across different explanatory variables (P<0.05 considered significant). Hosmer-Lemeshow test was applied for goodness of fit in regression models (P>0.05 considered good fit).

    Results & Discussion:The point prevalence of clinical depression estimated 6.06% (4.24% in male and 7.61% in female) in Northern Sweden for 2014. Logistic regression showed that using medicines (for anxiety, sleeplessness, diabetes), physical inactivity, vegetable-free diet were all associated with increased risk of depression in north of Sweden (P<0.00.5-0.05). High physical activity, being Farmer and Self-employed, high social support were strongly associated with low risk of depression (P<0.00.5-0.05). No ascending linear association was observed for clinical depression in relation to increasing age, education, and vegetable (P>0.05). However, a gradient was detected for income, physical activity and social support (P<0.05).

    Conclusion:This study shows that the depressive symptoms is relatively higher in Northern Sweden than whole Sweden on average. There is a slight increase in the rate of depression in Northern Sweden compared to 2009. Meanwhile, women are more susceptible to get diagnosed with clinical depression in Northern Sweden. Protective factors for clinical depression are being employed as a farmer and being physically active. Nevertheless, a combination of different risk factors related to depression was observed. Further research is required to find underlying causes of the higher rate of depression in women, risk factors related to different age groups.

  • 11.
    Aboka, Deliana
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Prescribing practices of oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation stroke prophylaxis: An online survey among practitioners from Sweden and the United Kingdom2014Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (magisterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
  • 12. AbouZahr, Carla
    et al.
    Boerma, Ties
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa. Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Johannesburg, South Africa ; Univ Aberdeen, Inst Appl Hlth Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland.
    Bridging the data gaps: do we have the right balance between country data and global estimates?2017Ingår i: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 10, artikel-id 1299978Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
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  • 13.
    Abraha, Atakelti
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa. Tigray Health Bureau, Tigray and Ethiopian Health Insurance Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Myléus, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Allmänmedicin.
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa. Institutes of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Kahsay, Asmelash
    Tigray Health Bureau, Tigray and Ethiopian Health Insurance Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Kinsman, John
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa. Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health (IHCAR), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Social determinants of under-5 child health: A qualitative study in Wolkayit Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia2019Ingår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 14, nr 6, artikel-id e0218101Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite the significant reductions seen in under-5 child mortality in Ethiopia over the last two decades, more than 10,000 children still die each year in Tigray Region alone, of whom 75% die from preventable diseases. Using an equity lens, this study aimed to investigate the social determinants of child health in one particularly vulnerable district as a means of informing the health policy decision-making process. An exploratory qualitative study design was adopted, combining focus group discussions and qualitative interviews. Seven Focus Group Discussions with mothers of young children, and 21 qualitative interviews with health workers were conducted in Wolkayit district in May-June 2015. Data were subjected to thematic analysis. Mothers’ knowledge regarding the major causes of child mortality appeared to be good, and they also knew about and trusted the available child health interventions. However, utilization and practice of these interventions was limited by a range of issues, including cultural factors, financial shortages, limited female autonomy on financial resources, seasonal mobility, and inaccessible or unaffordable health services. Our findings pointed to the importance of a multi-sectoral strategy to improve child health equity and reduce under-5 mortality in Wolkayit. Recommendations include further decentralizing child health services to local-level Health Posts, and increasing the number of Health Facilities based on local topography and living conditions.

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  • 14.
    Abraha, Atakelti
    et al.
    Tigray Health Bureau, Tigray, Ethiopia;Ethiopian Health Insurance Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Myléus, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa. Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Kahsay, Asmelash
    Kinsman, John
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa. Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health (IHCAR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    The effects of maternal and child HIV infection on health equity in Tigray Region, Ethiopia, and the implications for the health system: a case-control study2019Ingår i: AIDS Care, ISSN 0954-0121, E-ISSN 1360-0451, Vol. 31, nr 10, s. 1271-1281Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Services that aim to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) can simultaneously reduce the overall impact of HIV infection in a population while also improving maternal and child health outcomes. By taking a health equity perspective, this retrospective case control study aimed to compare the health status of under-5 children born to HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Two hundred and thirteen HIV-positive women (cases), and 214 HIV-negative women (controls) participated through interviews regarding their oldest children. Of the children born to HIV-positive mothers, 24% had not been tested, and 17% of those who had been tested were HIV-positive themselves. Only 29% of the HIV-positive children were linked to an ART programme. Unexpectedly, exposed HIV-negative children had fewer reports of perceived poor health as compared to unexposed children. Over 90% of all the children, regardless of maternal HIV status, were breastfed and up-to-date with the recommended immunizations. The high rate of HIV infection among the babies of HIV-positive women along with their low rates of antiretroviral treatment raises serious concerns about the quality of outreach to pregnant women in Tigray Region, and of the follow-up for children who have been exposed to HIV via their mothers.

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  • 15.
    Abraha Derbew, Atakelti
    et al.
    Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of health promotion and disease prevention, Tigray Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
    Debeb, Hagos Godefay
    Tigray Health Bureau, Meklle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
    Kinsman, John
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Myléus, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa. MRC-Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Faculty of Health Sciences, Gauteng, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Assessing the performance of the family folder system for collecting community-based health information in Tigray Region, North Ethiopia: a capture–recapture study2024Ingår i: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 14, nr 2, artikel-id e067735Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To assess completeness and accuracy of the family folder in terms of capturing community-level health data.

    Study design: A capture–recapture method was applied in six randomly selected districts of Tigray Region, Ethiopia.

    Participants: Child health data, abstracted from randomly selected 24 073 family folders from 99 health posts, were compared with similar data recaptured through household survey and routine health information made by these health posts.

    Primary and secondary outcome measures: Completeness and accuracy of the family folder data; and coverage selected child health indicators, respectively.

    Results: Demographic data captured by the family folders and household survey were highly concordant, concordance correlation for total population, women 15–49 years age and under 5-year child were 0.97 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.99, p<0.001), 0.73 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.88) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.96), respectively. However, the live births, child health service indicators and child health events were more erratically reported in the three data sources. The concordance correlation among the three sources, for live births and neonatal deaths was 0.094 (95% CI −0.232 to 0.420) and 0.092 (95% CI −0.230 to 0.423) respectively, and for the other parameters were close to 0.

    Conclusion: The family folder system comprises a promising development. However, operational issues concerning the seamless capture and recording of events and merging community and facility data at the health centre level need improvement.

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  • 16.
    Abrahams-Gessel, Shafika
    et al.
    Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, Boston, United States.
    Gómez-Olivé, F. Xavier
    Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, MA, Cambridge, United States; Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Africa Wits-INDEPTH Partnership for Genomic Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Tollman, Stephen M.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa. Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Africa Wits-INDEPTH Partnership for Genomic Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Wade, Alisha N.
    Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Africa Wits-INDEPTH Partnership for Genomic Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Du Toit, Jacques D.
    Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Ferro, Enrico G.
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, MA, Boston, United States; Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, United States.
    Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa W.
    Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Africa Wits-INDEPTH Partnership for Genomic Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Gaziano, Thomas A.
    Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, Boston, United States; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, MA, Cambridge, United States; Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, MA, Boston, United States.
    Improvements in Hypertension Control in the Rural Longitudinal HAALSI Cohort of South African Adults Aged 40 and Older, From 2014 to 20192023Ingår i: American Journal of Hypertension, ISSN 0895-7061, E-ISSN 1941-7225, Vol. 36, nr 6, s. 324-332Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Over half of the South African adults aged 45 years and older have hypertension but its effective management along the treatment cascade (awareness, treatment, and control) remains poorly understood.

    METHODS: We compared the prevalence of all stages of the hypertension treatment cascade in the rural HAALSI cohort of older adults at baseline and after four years of follow-up using household surveys and blood pressure data. Hypertension was a mean systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure >90 mm Hg, or current use of anti-hypertension medication. Control was a mean blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg. The effects of sex and age on the treatment cascade at follow-up were assessed. Multivariate Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios along the treatment cascade at follow-up.

    RESULTS: Prevalence along the treatment cascade increased from baseline (B) to follow-up (F): awareness (64.4% vs. 83.6%), treatment (49.7% vs. 73.9%), and control (22.8% vs. 41.3%). At both time points, women had higher levels of awareness (B: 70.5% vs. 56.3%; F: 88.1% vs. 76.7%), treatment (B: 55.9% vs. 41.55; F: 79.9% vs. 64.7%), and control (B: 26.5% vs. 17.9%; F: 44.8% vs. 35.7%). Prevalence along the cascade increased linearly with age for everyone. Predictors of awareness included being female, elderly, or visiting a primary health clinic three times in the previous 3 months, and the latter two also predicted hypertension control.

    CONCLUSIONS: There were significant improvements in awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension from baseline to follow-up and women fared better at all stages, at both time points.

  • 17.
    Abrahamsson, Klara
    et al.
    Folkhälsomyndigheten.
    Jonzon, Robert
    Folkhälsomyndigheten.
    Goicolea, Isabel (Medarbetare/bidragsgivare)
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Baroudi, Mazen (Medarbetare/bidragsgivare)
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Hurtig, Anna-Karin (Medarbetare/bidragsgivare)
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Migration, sexuell hälsa och hiv/STI prevention: en sammanfattande rapport2020Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 18.
    Abrha Medhanyie, Araya
    et al.
    Mekelle University, Ethiopia.
    Spigt, Mark
    Mekelle University, Ethiopia.
    Tewelde Kifle, Yohannes
    University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa.
    Schaay, Nikki
    University of the Western Cape, South Africa.
    Sanders, David
    University of the Western Cape, South Africa.
    Blanco, Roman
    Digital Campus, India.
    Dinant, Geert-Jan
    Diagnostic Research, Ethiopia.
    Berhane, Yemane
    Umeå universitet.
    The contribution of health extension workers in improving the utilization of maternal health services in rural areas of tigray, Ethiopia2017Ingår i: Revitalizing health for all: case studies of the struggle for comprehensive primary health care / [ed] Ronald Labonté; David Sanders; Corinne Packer; Nikki Schaay., University of Toronto Press, 2017, s. 237-248Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
  • 19.
    Accoti, Anastasia
    et al.
    W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
    Engdahl, Cecilia
    W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
    Dimopoulos, George
    W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
    Discovery of Novel Entomopathogenic Fungi for Mosquito-Borne Disease Control2021Ingår i: Frontiers in Fungal Biology, E-ISSN 2673-6128, Vol. 2, artikel-id 637234Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The increased application of chemical control programs has led to the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Novel environmentally safe control strategies are currently needed for the control of disease vectors. The use of entomopathogenic fungi could be a suitable alternative to chemical insecticides. Currently, Beauveria spp. and Metarhizium spp. are the most widely used entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito control, but increasing the arsenal with additional fungi is necessary to mitigate the emergence of resistance. Entomopathogenic fungi are distributed in a wide range of habitats. We have performed a comprehensive screen for candidate mosquitocidal fungi from diverse outdoor environments in Maryland and Puerto Rico. An initial screening of 22 fungi involving exposure of adult Anopheles gambiae to 2-weeks-old fungal cultures identified five potent pathogenic fungi, one of which is unidentified and the remaining four belonging to the three genera Galactomyces sp., Isaria sp. and Mucor sp. These fungi were then screened against Aedes aegypti, revealing Isaria sp. as a potent mosquito killer. The entomopathogenic effects were confirmed through spore-dipping assays. We also probed further into the killing mechanisms of these fungi and investigated whether the mosquitocidal activities were the result of potential toxic fungus-produced metabolites. Preliminary assays involving the exposure of mosquitoes to sterile filtered fungal liquid cultures showed that Galactomyces sp., Isaria sp. and the unidentified isolate 1 were the strongest producers of factors showing lethality against An. gambiae. We have identified five fungi that was pathogenic for An. gambiae and one for Ae. aegypti, among these fungi, four of them (two strains of Galactomyces sp., Mucor sp., and the unidentified isolate 1) have never previously been described as lethal to insects. Further characterization of these entomopathogenic fungi and their metabolites needs to be done to confirm their potential use in biologic control against mosquitoes.

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  • 20. Adam-Poupart, Ariane
    et al.
    Labreche, France
    Smargiassi, Audrey
    Duguay, Patrice
    Busque, Marc-Antoine
    Gagne, Charles
    Rintamaki, Hannu
    Kjellström, Tord
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Zayed, Joseph
    Climate Change and Occupational Health and Safety in a Temperate Climate: Potential Impacts and Research Priorities in Quebec, Canada2013Ingår i: Industrial Health, ISSN 0019-8366, E-ISSN 1880-8026, Vol. 51, nr 1, s. 68-78Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The potential impacts of climate change (CC) on Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) have been studied a little in tropical countries, while they received no attention in northern industrialized countries with a temperate climate. This work aimed to establish an overview of the potential links between CC and OHS in those countries and to determine research priorities for Quebec, Canada. A narrative review of the scientific literature (2005-2010) was presented to a working group of international and national experts and stakeholders during a workshop held in 2010. The working group was invited to identify knowledge gaps, and a modified Delphi method helped prioritize research avenues. This process highlighted five categories of hazards that are likely to impact OHS in northern industrialized countries: heat waves/increased temperatures, air pollutants, UV radiation, extreme weather events, vector-borne/zoonotic diseases. These hazards will affect working activities related to natural resources (i.e. agriculture, fishing and forestry) and may influence the socioeconomic context (built environment and green industries), thus indirectly modifying OHS. From this consensus approach, three categories of research were identified: 1) Knowledge acquisition on hazards, target populations and methods of adaptation; 2) Surveillance of diseases/accidents/occupational hazards; and 3) Development of new occupational adaptation strategies.

  • 21. Adams, D.
    et al.
    Coelho, T.
    Conceicao, I.
    Cruz, M. Waddington
    Schmidt, H.
    Buades, J.
    Campistol, J.
    Pouget, J.
    Berk, J. L.
    Ziyadeh, N.
    Partisano, A. M.
    Sweetser, M.
    Chen, J.
    Gollob, J.
    Suhr, Ole
    Umeå universitet.
    Phase 2 open-label extension (OLE) study of patisiran for the treatment of hereditary ATTR (hATTR) amyloidosis: 24-month safety and efficacy in subgroup of patients with cardiac involvement2017Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure, ISSN 1388-9842, E-ISSN 1879-0844, Vol. 19, nr Suppl: 1, s. 19-19Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 22.
    Adams, Victor Eseoghene
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Rural and urban disparities in smoking behaviors among men in Nigeria: A decomposition analysis.2022Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Tobacco smoking have been identified as one of the major contributors to preventable death globally. In a study done in Nigeria, on Exploring regional differences and determinants of tobacco use, it was identified that there exist a difference in the use of tobacco between the rural and urban settlement. The goal of this study is to identify the factors that contribute to rural-urban differences in tobacco use among Nigerian men.

    Method: The Nigerian Demographic Health Survey data was employed in our study, which used a cross-sectional design (DHS). This research comprised of 13,311 Nigerian men. To summarize and identify the factors contributing to tobacco usage differences between rural and urban areas, descriptive statistics and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition were utilized.

    Results: The study identified a small difference in tobacco usage between rural and urban residents, which was largely explained by household affluence and educational attainment. Men from the wealthiest and wealthiest households provided 417.3 percent and 129.8% of the disparity, respectively, while those with a primary and secondary education contributed 34.4% and 143.2%.

    Conclusion: In Nigeria, there are disparities in tobacco use between rural and urban men, according to this study, which is however very small. Materialistic perspective accounted for the majority of the disparities which is quite little. These findings point to key area where the government can focus on in order to remove this gap in tobacco use between rural and urban residents in the country.

  • 23.
    Adams, Victor Eseoghene
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Tobacco use in Nigeria: Exploring regional differences and determinants2021Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (magisterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Globally, tobacco use has been classified as one of the major public health challenges, as it is the largest preventable cause of premature death globally. Tobacco smoking was attributable to 11.5% of total global deaths in 2015 and 150 million disability-adjusted life years. The WHO estimated about 13 million smokers in Nigeria in 2012, while another study gave an estimate of 4.7 million adults above the age of 15 years who use tobacco. Thus, this study will aim to explore the regional trend: regional distributions of tobacco use among Nigerians and factors associated with tobacco use in Nigeria. 

    Method: We did a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected from the Demographic Health Survey conducted among households sampled across all the states in Nigeria in 2018. Data were analyzed using the Stata software version 13.

    Results: A total of 55,132 respondent was interviewed, 41,821 women age 15-49 and 13,311 men, age 15-59 were interviewed. The prevalence of tobacco use among men is 7.14% which is significantly higher than in women 0.47%. For the regional differences, the odds of tobacco use among males in South-east (AOR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.38-2.25), South-South (AOR 1.51, 95% CI:1.18-1.9), and South-West (AOR 1.01, 95% 0.78-1.31) is higher than the North-Central. And for females; South-East (AOR 1.82, 95% CI: 1.15-2.91), South-West (AOR 1.11, 95% CI: 0.66-1.87), have higher odds of tobacco use than females in the North-Central. The odds of males in rural settlement using tobacco in (AOR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.76-1.06) is lower compare to those in the urban settlement, while females in the rural settlement (AOR 0.58, 95% CI:0.41-0.81) have a lower odds of using tobacco than those in the urban settlement. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, factors found to be significantly associated with tobacco use in Nigeria at 95% CI include; Age, Region, type of settlement, religion, level of education, and wealth index.

    Conclusion: This study on Tobacco use in Nigeria provided an adequate picture of the regional distribution of tobacco use in Nigeria, and factors that are significantly associated with its use. We found a lack of proper education, type of settlement, older age as factors associated with increased use of tobacco in Nigeria. Thus a more organized and comprehensive measure should be targeted at these factors, and also a more aggressive public enlightenment campaign on the dangers of tobacco to the regions and settlements affected.

  • 24.
    Adane, Daniel
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Effectiveness of PMTCT programs in Sub-Saharan Africa, a meta-analysis2012Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
  • 25.
    Adcock, Joanna
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap. Overseas Development Institute, London, UK.
    Fottrell, Edward
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    The North-South information highway: case studies of publication access among health researchers in resource-poor countries2008Ingår i: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 1Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Less than 2% of scientific publications originate in low-income countries. Transfer of information from South to North and from South to South is grossly limited and hinders understanding of global health, while Northern-generated information fails to adequately address the needs of a Southern readership.

    Methods: A survey of a new generation of health researchers from nine low-income countries was conducted using a combination of email questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Data were gathered on personal experiences, use and aspirations regarding access and contribution to published research.

    Results: A total of 23 individuals from 9 countries responded. Preference for journal use over textbooks was apparent, however a preference for print over online formats was described among African respondents compared to respondents from other areas. Almost all respondents (96%) described ambition to publish in international journals, but cited English language as a significant barrier.

    Conclusion: The desire to contribute to and utilise contemporary scientific debate appears to be strong among study respondents. However, longstanding barriers

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    The North-South information highway: case studies of publication access among health researchers in resource-poor countries
  • 26.
    Adebahr, Roberth
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Psykiatri. Anova, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Zamore Söderström, Elin
    Arver, Stefan
    Jokinen, Jussi
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Psykiatri. Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Healthcare Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Görts Öberg, Katarina
    Reaching Men and Women at Risk of Committing Sexual Offences: Findings From the National Swedish Telephone Helpline PrevenTell2021Ingår i: Journal of Sexual Medicine, ISSN 1743-6095, E-ISSN 1743-6109, Vol. 18, nr 9, s. 1571-1581Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In 2012 the Swedish Helpline project PrevenTell, targeting men and women with self-identified out-of-control and paraphilic sexual behavior, was launched by ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital. The overall purpose was to reach the target group and via a telephone-contact encourage further on-site assessment and treatment.

    Aim: To describe men and women contacting PrevenTell during the first 7 years by delineate sexuality-related risk-factors for sexual violence, gender differences, and age-and gender-preferences when reporting a pedophilic interest.

    Method: A 52-item semi-structured telephone interview was conducted by experts in sexual medicine with individuals who contacted the helpline. The interview covered sociodemographic characteristics, problematic sexual behavior(s), and mental health and based on the information reported, interventions included recommending an appointment at ANOVA, supporting other appropriate healthcare, or motivation of individuals still ambivalent to treatment.

    Results: Data collection took place between March 2012 and October 2019. A total of 1573 respondents in the main target group (1454 men and 119 women) gave informed consent for participation. Compulsive sexual behavior was reported by 69% of respondents and 56% described at least one paraphilic interest. The prevalence of concomitant compulsive sexual behavior and a paraphilic interest was high, varying between 65% and 83%. Significant gender differences were found in socioeconomic and mental health variables, in which women showed fewer positive and stable life factors compared to men. A sexual preference for minors was reported by 24% of respondents. In this group, 63% reported use of child sexual exploitation material and 15% committed child sexual abuse. Respondents were offered anonymity, however 55% disclosed their identity and were enrolled for further assessment and treatment at ANOVA.

    Clinical Implications: The result of this study is of substantial relevance when developing secondary preventive initiatives targeting sexual violence in the community.

    Strengths and Limitations: This is the first study to present data from a national helpline targeting both men and women with a wide range of self-identified problematic sexual behaviors. Limitations include the lack of diagnostic confirmation on-site, hence, presented data provides only an indication of clinical conditions. Furthermore, the main objective of the interview was to motivate participants to seek further treatment, sometimes necessary to prioritize this over adherence to the semi-structured questionnaire, explaining the relatively high absence rate in some variables.

    Conclusion: Men and women at risk of committing sexual crimes can be reached through a national helpline service and motivated to undergo further assessment and treatment.

  • 27. Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O.
    et al.
    Arnaud, Alexis P.
    Drake, Thomas M.
    Fitzgerald, J. Edward F.
    Poenaru, Dan
    Bhangu, Aneel
    Harrison, Ewen M.
    Fergusson, Stuart
    Glasbey, James C.
    Khatri, Chetan
    Mohan, Midhun
    Nepogodiev, Dmitri
    Soreide, Kjetil
    Gobin, Neel
    Freitas, Ana Vega
    Hall, Nigel
    Kim, Sung-Hee
    Negeida, Ahmed
    Khairy, Hosni
    Jaffry, Zahra
    Chapman, Stephen J.
    Tabiri, Stephen
    Recinos, Gustavo
    Amandito, Radhian
    Shawki, Marwan
    Hanrahan, Michael
    Pata, Francesco
    Zilinskas, Justas
    Roslani, April Camilla
    Goh, Cheng Chun
    Irwin, Gareth
    Shu, Sebastian
    Luque, Laura
    Shiwani, Hunain
    Altamimi, Afnan
    Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid
    Spence, Richard
    Rayne, Sarah
    Jeyakumar, Jenifa
    Cengiz, Yucel
    Raptis, Dmitri A.
    Fermani, Claudio
    Balmaceda, Ruben
    Marta Modolo, Maria
    Macdermid, Ewan
    Chenn, Roxanne
    Yong, Cheryl Ou
    Edye, Michael
    Jarmin, Martin
    D'amours, Scott K.
    Iyer, Dushyant
    Youssef, Daniel
    Phillips, Nicholas
    Brown, Jason
    Dickfos, Marilla
    Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman
    Mahmud, Khalid
    Oosterkamp, Antje
    Assouto, Pamphile A.
    Lawani, Ismail
    Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou
    Devadasar, Giridhar H.
    Chong, Chean Leung
    Qadir, Muhammad Rashid Minhas
    Aung, Kyaw Phyo
    Yeo, Lee Shi
    Castillo, Vanessa Dina Palomino
    Munhoz, Monique Moron
    Moreira, Gisele
    Palomino Castillo, Vanessa Dina
    Barros De Castro Segundo, Luiz Carlos
    Khouri Ferreira, Salim Anderson
    Careta, Maira Cassa
    Araujo, Rafael
    Menegussi, Juliana
    Leal, Marisa
    Barroso de Lima, Caio Vinicius
    Tatagiba, Luiza Sarmento
    Leal, Antonio
    Nigo, Samuel
    Kabba, Juana
    Ngwa, Tagang Ebogo
    Brown, James
    King, Sebastian
    Zani, Augusto
    Azzie, Georges
    Firdouse, Mohammed
    Kushwaha, Sameer
    Agarwal, Arnav
    Bailey, Karen
    Cameron, Brian
    Livingston, Michael
    Horobjowsky, Alexandre
    Deckelbaum, Dan L.
    Razek, Tarek
    Montes, Irene
    Sierra, Sebastian
    Mendez, Manuela
    Isabel Villegas, Maria
    Mendoza Arango, Maria Clara
    Mendoza, Ivan
    Aristiza Ibal, Fred Alexander Naranjo
    Montoya Botero, Jaime Andres
    Quintero Riaza, Victor Manuel
    Restrepo, Jakeline
    Morales, Carlos
    Cruz, Herman
    Munera, Alejandro
    Karlo, Robert
    Domini, Edgar
    Mihanovic, Jakov
    Radic, Mihael
    Zamarin, Kresimir
    Pezelj, Nikica
    Khyrallh, Ahmed
    Hassan, Ahamed
    Shimy, Gamal
    Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky
    Nabawi, Ayman
    Gohar, Muhammad Saad Ali Muhammad
    Elfil, Mohamed
    Ghoneem, Mohamed
    Gohar, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad
    Asal, Mohamed
    Abdelkader, Mostafa
    Gomah, Mahmoud
    Rashwan, Hayssam
    Karkeet, Mohamed
    Gomaa, Ahmed
    Hasan, Amr
    Elgebaly, Ahmed
    Saleh, Omar
    Fattah, Ahmad Abdel
    Gouda, Abdullah
    Elshafay, Abd Elrahman
    Gharib, Abdalla
    Hanafy, Mohammed
    Al-Mallah, Abdullah
    Abdulgawad, Mahmoud
    Baheeg, Mohamad
    Alhendy, Mohammed
    Fattah, Ibrahim Abdel
    Kenibar, Abdalla
    Osman, Omar
    Gemeah, Mostafa
    Mohammed, Ahmed
    Adel, Abdalrahman
    Mesreb, Ahmed Maher Menshawy
    Mohammed, Abdelrahman
    Sayed, Abdelrahman
    Abozaid, Mohamed
    Kotb, Ahmed Hafez El-Badri
    Ata, Ali Amin Ahmed
    Nasr, Mohammed
    Alkammash, Abdelrahman
    Saeed, Mohammed
    El Hamid, Nader Abd
    Attia, Attia Mohamed
    Abd El Galeel, Ahmed
    Elbanby, Eslam
    El-Dien, Khalid Salah
    Hantour, Usama
    Alahmady, Omar
    Mansour, Billal
    Elkorashy, Amr Muhammad
    Taha, Emad Mohamed Saeed
    Lasheen, Kholod Tarek
    Elkolaly, Salma Said
    Abdel-Wahab, Nehal Yosri Elsayed
    Abozyed, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi
    Adel, Ahmed
    Saeed, Ahmed Moustafa
    El Sayed, Gehad Samir
    Youssif, Jehad Hassan
    Ahmed, Soliman Magdy
    El-Shahat, Nermeen Soubhy
    Khedr, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy
    Elsebaaye, Abdelrhman Osama
    Elzayat, Mohamed
    Abdelraheim, Mohamed
    Elzayat, Ibrahim
    Warda, Mahmoud
    El Deen, Khaled Naser
    Essam, Abdelrhman
    Salah, Omar
    Abbas, Mohamed
    Rashad, Mona
    Elzayyat, Ibrahim
    Hemeda, Dalia
    Tawfik, Gehad
    Salama, Mai
    Khaled, Hazem
    Seisa, Mohamed
    Elshaer, Kareem
    Hussein, Abdelfatah
    Elkhadrawi, Mahmoud
    Afifi, Ahmed Mohamed
    Ebrahim, Osama Saadeldeen
    Metwally, Mahmoud Mohamed
    Elmelegy, Rowida
    Elsawahly, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary
    Safa, Hisham
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    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap.
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    Hafiz, Shazia
    Soltani, Niksa
    Baillie, Katie
    Mirza, Ahmad
    Saeed, Haroon
    Galloway, Simon
    Elena, Gia
    Afzal, Mohammad
    Zakir, Mohamed
    Sodde, Peter
    Hand, Charles
    Sriram, Aiesha
    Clark, Tamsyn
    Holton, Patrick
    Livesey, Amy
    Sinha, Yashashwi
    Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba
    Bharj, Indervir Singh
    Rotundo, Adriana
    Jenvey, Cara
    Slade, Robert
    Golding, David
    Haines, Samuel
    Abdullah, Ali Adel Ne'ma
    Tilston, Thomas W.
    Loughran, Dafydd
    Donoghue, Danielle
    Giacci, Lorenzo
    Sherif, Mohamed Ashur
    Harrison, Peter
    Tang, Alethea
    Elshaer, Mohamed
    Urbonas, Tomas
    Riaz, Amjid
    Chapman, Annie
    Acharya, Parisha
    Shalhoub, Joseph
    Grossart, Cathleen
    McMorran, David
    Mlotshwa, Makhosini
    Hawkins, William
    Loizides, Sofronis
    Thomson, Peter
    Khan, Shahab
    Taylor, Fiona
    Shukla, Jalak
    Howie, Emma Elizabeth
    Macdonald, Linda
    Komolafe, Olusegun
    Mcintyre, Neil
    Cragg, James
    Parker, Jody
    Stewart, Duncan
    Lintin, Luke
    Tracy, Julia
    Farooq, Tahir
    Sion, Melanie
    Weinstein, Michael S.
    Punja, Viren
    Bugaev, Nikolay
    Goodstein, Monica
    Razmdjou, Shadi
    Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries2016Ingår i: BMJ Global Health, E-ISSN 2059-7908, Vol. 1, nr 4, artikel-id e000091Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.

    Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.

    Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.

    Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.

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  • 28. Aden, A S
    et al.
    Brännström, Inger
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    Mohamud, K A
    Persson, Lars-Åke
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    Wall, Stig
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    The growth chart - a road to health chart?: Maternal comprehension of the growth chart in two Somali villages1990Ingår i: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, ISSN 0269-5022, E-ISSN 1365-3016, Vol. 4, nr 3, s. 340-350Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Growth monitoring is so far not implemented on a large scale in the Somali health services. Available reports indicate that growth faltering is common. However, the use of growth charts as a tool for health education has been questioned. This study examines the ability of 199, predominantly illiterate, rural Somali mothers to understand the growth chart message after an intensive period of growth chart use and education. During a home-based interview the mothers were asked to combine a set of four growth curves with a set of four pictures, showing the corresponding developments of four children. The mothers managed significantly better to interpret the charts than could be expected by chance alone. Maternal age, number of children and literacy did not differ much between those who correctly and incorrectly combined pictures and charts. Almost all mothers recognised the value of the growth chart as being good for the control and promotion of their children's health and/or growth. We conclude that the growth chart may be an applicable and appropriate tool even with illiterate mothers, provided that other prerequisites for successful growth monitoring, e.g. appropriate health services, are available.

  • 29.
    Aden, Jamila
    East Africa University, Puntland State, Somalia; School of Populations, Faculty of Sciences, Curtin University, Australia.
    Maternal health outcomes in a Somalia post-war context: analyzing trends towards universal health coverage2022Ingår i: Somali Health Action Journal, E-ISSN 2004-1985, Vol. 2, nr 1Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Somalia has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in the world and an inequitable distribution of maternal health outcomes and service utilisation. Like other developing countries, Somalia has adopted the global policy goal of attaining universal health coverage of health services and improved health outcomes across all populations. Although United Nations agencies track the progress towards achieving universal health coverage as part of health targets for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, empirical case studies are rarely documented, especially in developing countries and even more so in post-war contexts such as Somalia. Literature shows the overall progress towards globally agreed-upon targets for maternal health lagging in war-affected countries, with persistent socioeconomic gradients in health outcomes. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which the social determinants of health impact on the distribution of maternal health outcomes.

    The aim of this study is to examine the mechanisms through which social determinants contribute to inequities in maternal health outcomes in Somalia. Specifically, the study will analyse the policy context and progress towards achieving universal health coverage of maternal health services in Somalia; analyse trends in maternal health outcomes and inequities in Somalia; and examine the mechanisms through which social determinants contribute to inequities in maternal health outcomes. A mixed-methods case study design will be adopted, employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches to data collection and analysis. 

    The findings of this PhD research will contribute to the evidence base on pathways for achieving universal health coverage of maternal health outcomes in post-war countries like Somalia. This will facilitate development of effective health care policies and those addressing the social determinants, which if implemented will improve maternal health outcomes in Somalia and mark progress towards achieving the goal of universal maternal health coverage.

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  • 30.
    Aden, Jamila Ahmed
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, East Africa University, Bosaso, Puntland State of Somalia, Somalia; Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Ahmed, Hinda Jama
    Östergren, Per-Olof
    Causes and contributing factors of maternal mortality in Bosaso District Somalia. A retrospective study of 30 cases using a Verbal Autopsy proach2019Ingår i: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 12, nr 1, artikel-id 1672314Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Somali women suffer from one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world. Somalia characterises a specific low-income country situation with a mix of newly urbanized and nomadic culture combined with a frail health care infrastructure set in a post-conflict era. Very little is known about the effects that these contextual factors can have on maternal mortality.

    Objectives: To explore and describe causes and contributing factors concerning maternal deaths in the Bosaso District, Puntland State of Somalia.

    Methods: Data was collected using an adapted Verbal Autopsy tool. In 2017 30 cases of maternal deaths occurring in 2016 in the Bosaso District were reviewed. Information was assessed by three independent reviewers who classified the cause of death and the contributing factors. The Three Delay Model was employed to identify socio-cultural and economic and health system factors that may have contributed to these maternal deaths.

    Results: Direct obstetric deaths accounted for 28 cases. Among these, haemorrhage was the leading cause, followed by eclampsia, sepsis and obstructed labour. Two cases were indirect obstetric deaths, caused by anaemia. All three types of delay were frequent among the studied cases. Delay in deciding to seek care was found in 25 cases, delay in reaching care in 22 cases and delay in receiving health care in 24 cases. Lack of knowledge, money, transportation, poor access and availability of adequate services, as well as substandard management by health care providers, were all underlying the delays.

    Conclusion: A comprehensive intervention programme is needed in order to decrease maternal mortality among Somali women. Such a programme must include health education, improved referral systems and strategic upgrading of care services.

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  • 31.
    Adermark, Louise
    et al.
    Dept of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Dept of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Galanti, Maria Rosaria
    Dept of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ryk, Charlotta
    Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU), Stockholm, Sweden.
    Gilljam, Hans
    Dept of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hedman, Linnea
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för hållbar hälsa. Dept of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
    Prospective association between use of electronic cigarettes and use of conventional cigarettes: A systematic review and meta-analysis2021Ingår i: ERJ Open Research, E-ISSN 2312-0541, Vol. 7, nr 3, artikel-id 00976-2020Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between e-cigarette use and subsequent initiation or recurrence of cigarette smoking.

    Data sources: A systematic literature search was finalised on 11 November 2019 using PubMed (including MEDLINE), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed Health, NICE Evidence Search, PROSPERO, CRD and PsycInfo.

    Study selection: Studies were included if meeting the following criteria: reporting empirical results; longitudinal observational design with a minimum of 3 months of follow-up; including general population samples; allowing for the comparison between users and nonusers of e-cigarettes. Studies rated as having high risk of bias were excluded. Studies were independently assessed by at least two authors. The procedures described by PRISMA were followed, and the quality of evidence was rated using GRADE.

    Data synthesis: 30 longitudinal studies from 22 different cohorts assessing e-cigarette use among nonsmokers or never-smokers at baseline, and subsequent use of cigarette smoking at follow-up, were included in this review. A random-effects meta-analysis based on 89076 participants showed a pooled unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of cigarette smoking among baseline nonsmoker e-cigarette users compared with nonusers of 4.68 (CI 3.64–6.02), while the adjusted OR was 3.37 (CI 2.68–4.24). These results were consistent irrespective of whether the outcome was measured as ever-smoking or as past 30-day smoking. The evidence was graded as moderate.

    Conclusions: Use of e-cigarettes may predict the initiation or recurrence of cigarette smoking.

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  • 32. Adlard, B.
    et al.
    Donaldson, S. G.
    Odland, J. O.
    Weihe, P.
    Berner, J.
    Carlsen, A.
    Bonefeld-Jorgensen, E. C.
    Dudarev, A. A.
    Gibson, J. C.
    Krümmel, E. M.
    Olafsdottir, K.
    Abass, K.
    Rautio, A.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar A.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Yrkes- och miljömedicin.
    Mulvad, G.
    Future directions for monitoring and human health research for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme2018Ingår i: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 11, nr 1, artikel-id 1480084Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    For the last two and a half decades, a network of human health experts under the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) has produced several human health assessment reports. These reports have provided a base of scientific knowledge regarding environmental contaminants and their impact on human health in the Arctic. These reports provide scientific information and policy-relevant recommendations to Arctic governments. They also support international agreements such as the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Key topics discussed in this paper regarding future human health research in the circumpolar Arctic are continued contaminant biomonitoring, health effects research and risk communication. The objective of this paper is to describe knowledge gaps and future priorities for these fields.

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  • 33.
    Adlard, Bryan
    et al.
    Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada.
    Lemire, Mélanie
    Axe Santé Des Populations Et Pratiques Optimales En Santé, Centre De Recherche Du CHU De Québec, QC, Québec, Canada; Département De Médecine Sociale Et Préventive, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada.
    Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva C.
    Center for Arctic Health Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Greenland Center for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland.
    Long, Manhai
    Center for Arctic Health Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
    Ólafsdóttir, Kristín
    Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Odland, Jon O.
    Institute of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; International Research Laboratory for Reproductive Ecotoxicology (IL RET), The National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.
    Rautio, Arja
    Thule Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, University of Arctic, Oulu, Finland.
    Myllynen, Päivi
    Laboratory Centre Nordlab, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
    Sandanger, Torkjel M.
    Environmental Chemistry Department, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, the Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Community Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.
    Dudarev, Alexey A.
    Department, Arctic Environmental Health, Northwest Public Health Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar A.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för hållbar hälsa.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för hållbar hälsa.
    Berner, James
    Department of Environment and Health, Division of Community Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, AK, Anchorage, United States.
    Ayotte, Pierre
    Axe Santé Des Populations Et Pratiques Optimales En Santé, Centre De Recherche Du CHU De Québec, QC, Québec, Canada; Département De Médecine Sociale Et Préventive, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada; Centre De Toxicologie, Institut National De Santé Publique Du Québec, QC, Québec, Canada.
    MercuNorth–monitoring mercury in pregnant women from the Arctic as a baseline to assess the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention2021Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health, ISSN 1239-9736, E-ISSN 2242-3982, Vol. 80, nr 1, artikel-id 1881345Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Exposure to mercury (Hg) is a global concern, particularly among Arctic populations that rely on the consumption of marine mammals and fish which are the main route of Hg exposure for Arctic populations.The MercuNorth project was created to establish baseline Hg levels across several Arctic regions during the period preceding the Minamata Convention. Blood samples were collected from 669 pregnant women, aged 18–44 years, between 2010 and 2016 from sites across the circumpolar Arctic including Alaska (USA), Nunavik (Canada), Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Northern Lapland (Finland) and Murmansk Oblast (Russia). Descriptive statistics were calculated, multiple pairwise comparisons were made between regions, and unadjusted linear trend analyses were performed.Geometric mean concentrations of total Hg were highest in Nunavik (5.20 µg/L)  and Greenland (3.79 µg/L), followed by Alaska (2.13 µg/L), with much lower concentrations observed in the other regions (ranged between 0.48 and 1.29 µg/L). In Nunavik, Alaska and Greenland, blood Hg concentrations have decreased significantly since 1992, 2000 and 2010 respectively with % annual decreases of 4.7%, 7.5% and 2.7%, respectively.These circumpolar data combined with fish and marine mammal consumption data can be used for assessing long-term Hg trends and the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention.

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  • 34. Afari-Asiedu, Samuel
    et al.
    Kinsman, John
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Boamah-Kaali, Ellen
    Abdulai, Martha Ali
    Gyapong, Margaret
    Sankoh, Osman
    Hulscher, Marlies
    Asante, Kwaku Poku
    Wertheim, Heiman
    To sell or not to sell; the differences between regulatory and community demands regarding access to antibiotics in rural Ghana2018Ingår i: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, E-ISSN 2052-3211, Vol. 11, artikel-id 30Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In Ghana, there is extensive over-the-counter dispensing of antibiotics, resulting in high levels of inappropriate use, and an increase in antibiotic resistance. Regulations prevent Licenced Chemical Sellers (LCS, Over-the-Counter Medicine Sellers) from selling antibiotics other than Cotrimoxazole. In practice, however, these sellers sell a variety of antibiotics. This paper aims to provide insight into the differences between regulatory and community demands on the sale of antibiotics, and to explore how these differences in demand could be resolved to facilitate safe and appropriate use of antibiotics in rural Ghana.

    Methods: A total of 32 in-depth interviews were conducted in the Kintampo North and South Districts in Ghana; 16 among antibiotic suppliers, predominantly LCS, and 16 among community members. Six focus group discussions were also conducted among 40 community members. Data were coded using Nvivo 10 and thematically analyzed in line with study objectives. The results are presented as narratives with quotes to illustrate the findings.

    Results: Generally, antibiotic suppliers were aware that regulations prevent LCS from selling antibiotics except Cotrimoxazole. However, LCS sell all types of antibiotics because of community demand, economic motivations of LCS, and the poor implementation of regulations that are intended to prevent them from selling these medications. Factors that influence community demand for antibiotics include previous knowledge of effectiveness of some antibiotics, delays in seeking care at health facilities, financial constraints, and distance to health facilities. LCS suggested that they should be trained and allowed to sell some types of antibiotics instead of being prevented completely from selling. Community members also suggested that Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) compounds should be equipped to dispense antibiotics.

    Conclusion: The sale of antibiotics by LCS at the community level is influenced by both structural and individual contextual factors. There is a need to educate community members on the appropriate access and use of antibiotics in rural Ghana. In addition, rather than enforcing rules that go against practice, it may be more effective to regulate the sale of antibiotics by LCS and train them to make their dispensing more appropriate. CHPS compound could also be equipped to dispense some antibiotics to improve appropriate antibiotic access at the community level.

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  • 35.
    Afari-Asiedu, Samuel
    et al.
    Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana.
    Oppong, Felix Boakye
    Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana.
    Tostmann, Alma
    Radboud University Medical Center, Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
    Ali Abdulai, Martha
    Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana.
    Boamah-Kaali, Ellen
    Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana.
    Gyaase, Stephaney
    Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana.
    Agyei, Oscar
    Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana.
    Kinsman, John
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Hulscher, Marlies
    Radboud University Medical Center, Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
    Wertheim, Heiman F. L.
    Radboud University Medical Center, Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
    Asante, Kwaku Poku
    Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana.
    Determinants of Inappropriate Antibiotics Use in Rural Central Ghana Using a Mixed Methods Approach2020Ingår i: Frontiers In Public Health, ISSN 2296-2565, Vol. 8, artikel-id 90Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The consequences of antibiotic resistance are projected to be most severe in low and middle income countries with high infectious disease burden. This study examined determinants of inappropriate antibiotic use at the community level in rural Ghana. Methods: An observational study involving qualitative and quantitative methods was conducted between July, 2016 and September, 2018 in Ghana. Two household surveys were conducted at two time points (2017 and 2018) among 1,100 randomly selected households over 1 year. The surveys focused on antibiotic use episodes in the past month. Four in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions were performed to further explain the survey results. Determinants of inappropriate antibiotic use were assessed using a mixed effect logistic regression analysis (multilevel analysis) to account for the clustered nature of data. We defined inappropriate antibiotic use as either use without prescription, not completing treatment course or non-adherence to instruction for use. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Results: A total of 1,100 households was enrolled in which antibiotics were used in 585 (53.2%) households in the month prior to the surveys. A total of 676 (21.2%) participants out of 3,193 members from the 585 reportedly used antibiotics for 761 episodes of illness. Out of the 761 antibiotic use episodes, 659 (86.6%) were used inappropriately. Paying for healthcare without health insurance (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.10, 95% CI: 1.1-7.4, p-value: 0.026), not seeking healthcare from health centers (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2-5.0, p-value: 0.018), or pharmacies (OR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.7-13.0, p-value: 0.003) were significantly associated with inappropriate antibiotic use. Socio-demographic characteristics were not significantly associated with inappropriate antibiotic use. However, the qualitative study described the influence of cost of medicines on inappropriate antibiotic use. It also revealed that antibiotic users with low socioeconomic status purchased antibiotics in installments which, could facilitate inappropriate use. Conclusion: Inappropriate antibiotic use was high and influenced by out-of-pocket payment for healthcare, seeking healthcare outside health centers, pharmacies, and buying antibiotics in installments due to cost. To improve appropriate antibiotic use, there is the need for ministry of health and healthcare agencies in Ghana to enhance healthcare access and healthcare insurance, and to provide affordable antibiotics.

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  • 36. Afshin, Ashkan
    et al.
    Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.
    Reitsma, Marissa B.
    Sur, Patrick
    Estep, Kara
    Lee, Alex
    Marczak, Laurie
    Mokdad, Ali H.
    Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
    Naghavi, Mohsen
    Salama, Joseph S.
    Vos, Theo
    Abate, Kalkidan H.
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    Ahmed, Muktar B.
    Al-Aly, Ziyad
    Alkerwi, Ala'a
    Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
    Amare, Azmeraw T.
    Amberbir, Alemayehu
    Amegah, Adeladza K.
    Amini, Erfan
    Amrock, Stephen M.
    Anjana, Ranjit M.
    Arnlov, Johan
    Asayesh, Hamid
    Banerjee, Amitava
    Barac, Aleksandra
    Baye, Estifanos
    Bennett, Derrick A.
    Beyene, Addisu S.
    Biadgilign, Sibhatu
    Biryukov, Stan
    Bjertness, Espen
    Boneya, Dube J.
    Campos-Nonato, Ismael
    Carrero, Juan J.
    Cecilio, Pedro
    Cercy, Kelly
    Ciobanu, Liliana G.
    Cornaby, Leslie
    Damtew, Solomon A.
    Dandona, Lalit
    Dandona, Rakhi
    Dharmaratne, Samath D.
    Duncan, Bruce B.
    Eshrati, Babak
    Esteghamati, Alireza
    Feigin, Valery L.
    Fernandes, Joao C.
    Furst, Thomas
    Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye T.
    Gold, Audra
    Gona, Philimon N.
    Goto, Atsushi
    Habtewold, Tesfa D.
    Hadush, Kokeb T.
    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
    Hay, Simon I.
    Horino, Masako
    Islami, Farhad
    Kamal, Ritul
    Kasaeian, Amir
    Katikireddi, Srinivasa V.
    Kengne, Andre P.
    Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan N.
    Khader, Yousef S.
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Khubchandani, Jagdish
    Kim, Daniel
    Kim, Yun J.
    Kinfu, Yohannes
    Kosen, Soewarta
    Ku, Tiffany
    Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
    Kumar, G. Anil
    Larson, Heidi J.
    Leinsalu, Mall
    Liang, Xiaofeng
    Lim, Stephen S.
    Liu, Patrick
    Lopez, Alan D.
    Lozano, Rafael
    Majeed, Azeem
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Malta, Deborah C.
    Mazidi, Mohsen
    McAlinden, Colm
    McGarvey, Stephen T.
    Mengistu, Desalegn T.
    Mensah, George A.
    Mensink, Gert B. M.
    Mezgebe, Haftay B.
    Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.
    Mueller, Ulrich O.
    Noubiap, Jean J.
    Obermeyer, Carla M.
    Ogbo, Felix A.
    Owolabi, Mayowa O.
    Patton, George C.
    Pourmalek, Farshad
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Rafay, Anwar
    Rai, Rajesh K.
    Ranabhat, Chhabi L.
    Reinig, Nikolas
    Safiri, Saeid
    Salomon, Joshua A.
    Sanabria, Juan R.
    Santos, Itamar S.
    Sartorius, Benn
    Sawhney, Monika
    Schmidhuber, Josef
    Schutte, Aletta E.
    Schmidt, Maria I.
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
    Shamsizadeh, Moretza
    Sheikhbahaei, Sara
    Shin, Min-Jeong
    Shiri, Rahman
    Shiue, Ivy
    Roba, Hirbo S.
    Silva, Diego A. S.
    Silverberg, Jonathan I.
    Singh, Jasvinder A.
    Stranges, Saverio
    Swaminathan, Soumya
    Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
    Tadese, Fentaw
    Tedla, Bemnet A.
    Tegegne, Balewgizie S.
    Terkawi, Abdullah S.
    Thakur, J. S.
    Tonelli, Marcello
    Topor-Madry, Roman
    Tyrovolas, Stefanos
    Ukwaja, Kingsley N.
    Uthman, Olalekan A.
    Vaezghasemi, Masoud
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Vasankari, Tommi
    Vlassov, Vasiliy V.
    Vollset, Stein E.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Werdecker, Andrea
    Wesana, Joshua
    Westerman, Ronny
    Yano, Yuichiro
    Yonemoto, Naohiro
    Yonga, Gerald
    Zaidi, Zoubida
    Zenebe, Zerihun M.
    Zipkin, Ben
    Murray, Christopher J. L.
    Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years2017Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0028-4793, E-ISSN 1533-4406, Vol. 377, nr 1, s. 13-27Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND Although the rising pandemic of obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remain uncertain. METHODS We analyzed data from 68.5 million persons to assess the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adults between 1980 and 2015. Using the Global Burden of Disease study data and methods, we also quantified the burden of disease related to high body-mass index (BMI), according to age, sex, cause, and BMI in 195 countries between 1990 and 2015. RESULTS In 2015, a total of 107.7 million children and 603.7 million adults were obese. Since 1980, the prevalence of obesity has doubled in more than 70 countries and has continuously increased in most other countries. Although the prevalence of obesity among children has been lower than that among adults, the rate of increase in childhood obesity in many countries has been greater than the rate of increase in adult obesity. High BMI accounted for 4.0 million deaths globally, nearly 40% of which occurred in persons who were not obese. More than two thirds of deaths related to high BMI were due to cardiovascular disease. The disease burden related to high BMI has increased since 1990; however, the rate of this increase has been attenuated owing to decreases in underlying rates of death from cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS The rapid increase in the prevalence and disease burden of elevated BMI highlights the need for continued focus on surveillance of BMI and identification, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions to address this problem. 

  • 37. Afshin, Ashkan
    et al.
    Sur, Patrick John
    Fay, Kairsten A.
    Cornaby, Leslie
    Ferrara, Giannina
    Salama, Joseph S.
    Mullany, Erin C.
    Abate, Kalkidan Hassen
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    Abebe, Zegeye
    Afarideh, Mohsen
    Aggarwal, Anju
    Agrawal, Sutapa
    Akinyemiju, Tomi
    Alahdab, Fares
    Bacha, Umar
    Bachman, Victoria F.
    Badali, Hamid
    Badawi, Alaa
    Bensenor, Isabela M.
    Bernabe, Eduardo
    Biryukov, Stan H.
    Biadgilign, Sibhatu Kassa K.
    Cahill, Leah E.
    Carrero, Juan J.
    Cercy, Kelly M.
    Dandona, Lalit
    Dandona, Rakhi
    Dang, Anh Kim
    Degefa, Meaza Girma
    Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
    Esteghamati, Alireza
    Esteghamati, Sadaf
    Fanzo, Jessica
    Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa
    Farvid, Maryam S.
    Farzadfar, Farshad
    Feigin, Valery L.
    Fernandes, Joao C.
    Flor, Luisa Sorio
    Foigt, Nataliya A.
    Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.
    Ganji, Morsaleh
    Geleijnse, Johanna M.
    Gillum, Richard F.
    Goulart, Alessandra C.
    Grosso, Giuseppe
    Guessous, Idris
    Hamidi, Samer
    Hankey, Graeme J.
    Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai
    Hassen, Hamid Yimam
    Hay, Simon I.
    Hoang, Chi Linh
    Horino, Masako
    Islami, Farhad
    Jackson, Maria D.
    James, Spencer L.
    Johansson, Lars
    Jonas, Jost B.
    Kasaeian, Amir
    Khader, Yousef Saleh
    Khalil, Ibrahim A.
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Kimokoti, Ruth W.
    Kokubo, Yoshihiro
    Kumar, G. Anil
    Lallukka, Tea
    Lopez, Alan D.
    Lorkowski, Stefan
    Lotufo, Paulo A.
    Lozano, Rafael
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Marz, Winfried
    Meier, Toni
    Melaku, Yohannes A.
    Mendoza, Walter
    Mensink, Gert B. M.
    Micha, Renata
    Miller, Ted R.
    Mirarefin, Mojde
    Mohan, Viswanathan
    Mokdad, Ali H.
    Mozaffarian, Dariush
    Nagel, Gabriele
    Naghavi, Mohsen
    Nguyen, Cuong Tat
    Nixon, Molly R.
    Ong, Kanyin L.
    Pereira, David M.
    Poustchi, Hossein
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Rai, Rajesh Kumar
    Razo-Garcia, Christian
    Rehm, Colin D.
    Rivera, Juan A.
    Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia
    Roshandel, Gholamreza
    Roth, Gregory A.
    Sanabria, Juan
    Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G.
    Sartorius, Benn
    Schmidhuber, Josef
    Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
    Shin, Min-Jeong
    Sorensen, Reed J. D.
    Springmann, Marco
    Szponar, Lucjan
    Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L.
    Thrift, Amanda G.
    Touvier, Mathilde
    Tran, Bach Xuan
    Tyrovolas, Stefanos
    Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna
    Ullah, Irfan
    Uthman, Olalekan A.
    Vaezghasemi, Masoud
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin. Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för socialt arbete.
    Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
    Vollset, Stein Emil
    Vos, Theo
    Vu, Giang Thu
    Vu, Linh Gia
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Werdecker, Andrea
    Wijeratne, Tissa
    Willett, Walter C.
    Wu, Jason H.
    Xu, Gelin
    Yonemoto, Naohiro
    Yu, Chuanhua
    Murray, Christopher J. L.
    Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 20172019Ingår i: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 393, nr 10184, s. 1958-1972Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Suboptimal diet is an important preventable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs); however, its impact on the burden of NCDs has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of major foods and nutrients across 195 countries and to quantify the impact of their suboptimal intake on NCD mortality and morbidity.

    Methods: By use of a comparative risk assessment approach, we estimated the proportion of disease-specific burden attributable to each dietary risk factor (also referred to as population attributable fraction) among adults aged 25 years or older. The main inputs to this analysis included the intake of each dietary factor, the effect size of the dietary factor on disease endpoint, and the level of intake associated with the lowest risk of mortality. Then, by use of diseasespecific population attributable fractions, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), we calculated the number of deaths and DALYs attributable to diet for each disease outcome.

    Findings: In 2017, 11 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 10-12) deaths and 255 million (234-274) DALYs were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium (3 million [1-5] deaths and 70 million [34-118] DALYs), low intake of whole grains (3 million [2-4] deaths and 82 million [59-109] DALYs), and low intake of fruits (2 million [1-4] deaths and 65 million [41-92] DALYs) were the leading dietary risk factors for deaths and DALYs globally and in many countries. Dietary data were from mixed sources and were not available for all countries, increasing the statistical uncertainty of our estimates.

    Interpretation: This study provides a comprehensive picture of the potential impact of suboptimal diet on NCD mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for improving diet across nations. Our findings will inform implementation of evidence-based dietary interventions and provide a platform for evaluation of their impact on human health annually.

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  • 38.
    Aguiar, Rosaline Bezerra
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Stories of taking part in longterm, timed, personalized rehabilitation: A narrative inquiry of residents with severe mental illness and their rehabilitation pathway2023Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (magisterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
  • 39.
    Ahangari, Alebtekin
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Chronic pelvic pain: 8 years after the 2006 WHO systematic review2013Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (magisterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
  • 40.
    Ahangari, Alebtekin
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Pain and Alcohol Consumption among Elderly: Evidences from WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (Wave 1)2014Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
  • 41.
    Ahangari, Alebtekin
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Prevalence of Chronic Pelvic Pain Among Women: An Updated Review2014Ingår i: Pain Physician, ISSN 1533-3159, E-ISSN 2150-1149, Vol. 17, nr 2, s. E141-E147Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP), defined as a noncyclical pain lasting for more than 6 months can lead to lower physical performance and quality of life in women. CPP is a worldwide problem affecting women of all ages. However, health care professionals and researchers, due to its complex nature and the lack of knowledge surrounding the condition, frequently neglect CPP. Subsequently, basic data and knowledge regarding CPP remain incomplete. Objective: To update the review of the worldwide estimation of the CPP prevalence considering the World Health Organization systematic review by Latthe et al in 2006 as point of departure. Study Design: A systematic review of CPP prevalence studies. Method: Electronic search was performed to find related articles through PubMed between 2005 and 2012 based on the PRISMA statement (2009). Results: From 140 studies, only 7 studies were about CPP prevalence. Their study design consisted of 3 cross sectional studies, one population based mailing questionnaire study, one survey study (computer assisted telephone interview), one data analysis by questionnaire, and one prospective community based study. Limitations: Paucity of population based studies in addition to probability of existence of studies at the local level with limited access to worldwide databases, lack of consensus about definition of CPP among researchers and therapists, and non-inclusion of CPP related key words in databases such as PubMed. Conclusion: Based on these articles, prevalence in general ranged between 5.7% and 26.6%. There were many countries and regions without basic data in the field of CPP. This review shows the paucity of studies, especially multidisciplinary researches with multifactorial views on CPP. Multidisciplinary studies would provide more reliable data for estimating the prevalence of CPP and its psycho-socioeconomic burden, as well as finding its etiologies and characteristics. This would be the first step towards better treatment and care for women with CPP.

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  • 42.
    Ahangari, Alebtekin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Stewart Williams, Jennifer
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa. Research Centre for Generational, Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
    Myléus, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Allmänmedicin.
    Pain and alcohol consumption among older adults: findings from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health, Wave 12016Ingår i: Tropical medicine & international health, ISSN 1360-2276, E-ISSN 1365-3156, Vol. 21, nr 10, s. 1282-1292Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate cross-sectional associations between self-reported recent pain and alcohol use/abstinence, and previous-day pain and previous-week alcohol consumption in adults aged 50 + in six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS: The WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 1 (2007-2010) in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa is the data source. Prevalence of alcohol use/abstinence is reported by previous-day and previous-month pain. Multinomial logistic regressions (crude and adjusted for sex and country) tested associations between recent pain and alcohol use in the pooled multicountry sample. RESULTS: Across the six SAGE countries, about one-third of respondents reported alcohol use, being highest in Russia (74%) and lowest in India (16%). Holding the effects of sex and country constant, compared with abstainers, people with previous-day pain were more likely to be previous-day or other users. With regard to the quantity and frequency of alcohol use, people with previous-day pain were more likely to be non-heavy drinkers. CONCLUSION: Overall, we found that, in this population of older adults in six LMICs, recent pain was associated with moderate use of alcohol, although there were differences between countries. The findings provide a platform for country-specific research to better understand bi-directional associations between pain and alcohol in older adults.

  • 43.
    Ahlm, Clas
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi, Infektionssjukdomar.
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Vapalahti, O.
    University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory, Finland.
    Evander, Magnus
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi, Virologi.
    Seroprevalence of Sindbis virus and associated risk factors in northern Sweden2014Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection, ISSN 0950-2688, E-ISSN 1469-4409, Vol. 142, nr 7, s. 1559-1565Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Mosquito-borne Sindbis virus (SINV) cause disease characterized by rash, fever and arthritis which often leads to long-lasting arthralgia. To determine the seroprevalence of SINV and associated risk factors in northern Sweden, a randomly selected population aged between 25 and 74 years were invited to join the MONICA study. Serum from 1611 samples were analysed for specific IgG antibodies. Overall, 2·9% had IgG against SINV. More men (3·7%) than women (2·0%) were SINV seropositive (P = 0·047) and it was more common in subjects with a lower educational level (P = 0·013) and living in small, rural communities (P < 0·001). Seropositivity was associated with higher waist circumference (P = 0·1), elevated diastolic blood pressure (P = 0·037), and history of a previous stroke (P = 0·011). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for known risk factors for stroke, seropositivity for SINV was an independent predictor of having had a stroke (odds ratio 4·3, 95% confidence interval 1·4–13·0,P = 0·011).

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  • 44. Ahlqvist, Viktor H.
    et al.
    Persson, Margareta
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Ortega, Francisco B.
    Tynelius, Per
    Magnusson, Cecilia
    Berglind, Daniel
    Birth weight and grip strength in young Swedish males: a longitudinal matched sibling analysis and across all body mass index ranges2019Ingår i: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 9, artikel-id 9719Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Low birth weight is associated with a lower grip strength later in life. However, associations between birth weight among infants born at-term and factors driving associations between birth weight and grip strength are largely unknown. A cohort of 144,369 young men born at-term, including 10,791 individuals who had at least one male sibling/s, were followed until conscription where they performed a grip strength test. We used linear and non-linear regression analyses in the full cohort, and fixed-effects regression analyses in the sibling cohort, to address confounding by factors that are shared between siblings. After adjustment, each unit increase in birth weight z-score was associated with increases of 17.7 (95% CI, 17.2-18.2) and 13.4 (10.1-16.6) newton grip strength, which converts to approximately 1.8 and 1.4 kilogram-force in the full and within-families cohorts, respectively. The associations did not vary with young adulthood BMI. Birth weight, within the at-term range, is robustly positively associated with grip strength in young adulthood among men across all BMI categories and associations appears to be mainly driven by factors that are not shared between siblings. These findings underline the importance of recognizing the influence of low birth weight, also within the at-termrange, on young adulthood muscle strength.

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  • 45.
    Ahmad, Irma
    et al.
    Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
    Edin, Alicia
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap.
    Granvik, Christoffer
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi.
    Kumm Persson, Lowa
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap.
    Tevell, Staffan
    Department of Infectious Diseases, Karlstad Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden; Centre for Clinical Research and Education, Region Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Månsson, Emeli
    Centre for Clinical Research, Region Västmanland—Uppsala University, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden.
    Magnuson, Anders
    Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Marklund, Ingela
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering. Centre for Clinical Research and Education, Region Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Persson, Ida-Lisa
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi.
    Kauppi, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi.
    Ahlm, Clas
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi.
    Forsell, Mattias N. E.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi.
    Sundh, Josefin
    Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Lange, Anna
    Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
    Cajander, Sara
    Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
    Normark, Johan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi.
    High prevalence of persistent symptoms and reduced health-related quality of life 6 months after COVID-192023Ingår i: Frontiers In Public Health, ISSN 2296-2565, Vol. 11, artikel-id 1104267Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The long-term sequelae after COVID-19 constitute a challenge to public health and increased knowledge is needed. We investigated the prevalence of self-reported persistent symptoms and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relation to functional exercise capacity, 6 months after infection, and explored risk factors for COVID-19 sequalae. Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter, cohort study including 434 patients. At 6 months, physical exercise capacity was assessed by a 1-minute sit-to-stand test (1MSTST) and persistent symptoms were reported and HRQoL was evaluated through the EuroQol 5-level 5-dimension (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Patients with both persistent symptoms and reduced HRQoL were classified into a new definition of post-acute COVID syndrome, PACS+. Risk factors for developing persistent symptoms, reduced HRQoL and PACS+ were identified by multivariable Poisson regression. Results: Persistent symptoms were experienced by 79% of hospitalized, and 59% of non-hospitalized patients at 6 months. Hospitalized patients had a higher prevalence of self-assessed reduced overall health (28 vs. 12%) and PACS+ (31 vs. 11%). PACS+ was associated with reduced exercise capacity but not with abnormal pulse/desaturation during 1MSTST. Hospitalization was the most important independent risk factor for developing persistent symptoms, reduced overall health and PACS+. Conclusion: Persistent symptoms and reduced HRQoL are common among COVID-19 survivors, but abnormal pulse and peripheral saturation during exercise could not distinguish patients with PACS+. Patients with severe infection requiring hospitalization were more likely to develop PACS+, hence these patients should be prioritized for clinical follow-up after COVID-19.

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  • 46.
    Ahmad, Shafqat
    et al.
    Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Zhao, Wei
    Philadelphia, PA, US.
    Renström, Frida
    Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Rasheed, Asif
    Karachi, Pakistan.
    Samuel, Maria
    Karachi, Pakistan.
    Zaidi, Mozzam
    Karachi, Pakistan.
    Shah, Nabi
    Karachi, Pakistan; Abbottabad, Pakistan.
    Mallick, Nadeem Hayyat
    Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan.
    Zaman, Khan Shah
    Karachi, Pakistan.
    Ishaq, Mohammad
    Karachi, Pakistan.
    Rasheed, Syed Zahed
    Karachi, Pakistan.
    Memon, Fazal-ur-Rheman
    Karachi, Pakistan.
    Hanif, Bashir
    Karachi, Pakistan.
    Lakhani, Muhammad Shakir
    Karachi, Pakistan.
    Ahmed, Faisal
    Karachi, Pakistan.
    Kazmi, Shahana Urooj
    Karachi, Pakistan.
    Frossard, Philippe
    Karachi, Pakistan; Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
    Franks, Paul W.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Saleheen, Danish
    Philadelphia, PA, US; Karachi, Pakistan.
    Physical activity, smoking, and genetic predisposition to obesity in people from Pakistan: the PROMIS study2015Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics, E-ISSN 1471-2350, Vol. 16, artikel-id 114Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Multiple genetic variants have been reliably associated with obesity-related traits in Europeans, but little is known about their associations and interactions with lifestyle factors in South Asians.

    Methods: In 16,157 Pakistani adults (8232 controls; 7925 diagnosed with myocardial infarction [MI]) enrolled in the PROMIS Study, we tested whether: a) BMI-associated loci, individually or in aggregate (as a genetic risk score - GRS), are associated with BMI; b) physical activity and smoking modify the association of these loci with BMI. Analyses were adjusted for age, age(2), sex, MI (yes/no), and population substructure.

    Results: Of 95 SNPs studied here, 73 showed directionally consistent effects on BMI as reported in Europeans. Each additional BMI-raising allele of the GRS was associated with 0.04 (SE = 0.01) kg/m(2) higher BMI (P = 4.5 x 10(-14)). We observed nominal evidence of interactions of CLIP1 rs11583200 (P-interaction = 0.014), CADM2 rs13078960 (P-interaction = 0.037) and GALNT10 rs7715256 (P-interaction = 0.048) with physical activity, and PTBP2 rs11165643 (P-interaction = 0.045), HIP1 rs1167827 (P-interaction = 0.015), C6orf106 rs205262 (P-interaction = 0.032) and GRID1 rs7899106 (P-interaction = 0.043) with smoking on BMI.

    Conclusions: Most BMI-associated loci have directionally consistent effects on BMI in Pakistanis and Europeans. There were suggestive interactions of established BMI-related SNPs with smoking or physical activity.

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  • 47.
    Ahmadi, Sumaiya
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Risk factors for self-perceived oral health in Northern Sweden:: a cross-sectional study2017Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (magisterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Authors have reported socioeconomic inequalities in self-perceived oral health around the world, including Sweden. However, no study has been carried out in Northern Sweden.

    Purpose: the aim of this study is to investigate different risk factors such as age, education, civil status, occupational class, income, place of birth and smoking have an association with self- perceived oral health in Northern Sweden.

    Methods: A cross-sectional study design (N=22,975; 50% response rate), based on a survey questionnaire, Health on Equal Terms survey of 2014 in four Northern counties of Sweden. The age group was 16-84 years. The responses are linked to Statistics Sweden registry through Swedish Personal number. A multiple logistic regression while controlling for confounders, was used to analyze the differences in self-perceived oral health with respect to sex, age, educational level, civil-status, income and country of birth.

    Results: 75% of the respondents reported good self-perceived oral health. The higher odds of poor self-perceived oral health were observed among men, middle age, low education, blue-collar workers, low income, those who had their last visit to dentist in more than 5 years and those not born in Sweden.

    Conclusion: The results suggest the presence of a social gradient in Northern Sweden in self-perceived oral health. The inequity needs to be addressed by the researchers and policy makers.

  • 48.
    Ahmed, Amin
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Prevalence and socioeconomic factors associated with stress in northern Sweden2022Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (magisterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Stress is worth studying because of the lack of studies in northern Sweden. The aim of studying is to estimate the prevalence of stress and to assess the socioeconomic factors associated to stress in Northern Sweden.

    Methods: Cross-sectional data from the 2018 Health on Equal Terms survey in four regions in northern Sweden was used (N = 23439). The following groups were created: region, sex, age, education, marital status, occupation, unemployment, low cash margin, and financial strain. Prevalence differences corresponding to the intersectional factor were estimated using crude and adjusted regression for outcome variables like stress.

    Results: Stress was significantly higher in females than in males (AOR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.74–2.09). Age was negatively associated with stress (30–44 and 45–64) with (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.48–0.63) and (AOR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.14–0.19). stress was significantly higher with marital status. The unmarried, not cohabiting, and divorced were more likely to become stressed (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.12-1.41) and (AOR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.07-1.54). stress was also significant among the unemployed (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.17–1.75) and among those with low cash and making ends meet (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.85–2.38). Occupation, both highly skilled white collars and low-skilled blue collars were significantly affected by stress (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.32–1.68) and (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06–1.37).

    Conclusion: A series of socioeconomic risk factors were associated to stress in northern Sweden. Our findings might help policymakers develop and implement effective policies and interventions.

  • 49.
    Ahmed Hassan Ahmed, Osama
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi, Virologi. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Rift Valley fever: challenges and new insights for prevention and control using the “One Health” approach2016Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging viral zoonosis that causes frequent outbreaks in east Africa and on the Arabian Peninsula. The likelihood of RVF global expansion due to climate change and human anthropogenic factors is an important issue. The causative agent, RVF virus, is an arbovirus that is transmitted by several mosquito species and is able to infect a wide range of livestock as well as people. The infection leads to mass abortions and death in livestock and a potentially deadly hemorrhagic fever in humans. RVF has severe socio-economic consequences such as animal trade bans between countries, disruption of food security, and economic disaster for farmers and pastoralists as well as for countries. Human behavior such as direct contact with infected animals or their fluids and exposure to mosquito bites increases the risk for contracting the disease.

    To better understand the challenges associated with RVF outbreaks and to explore prevention and control strategies, we used the One Health approach. The local community had to be involved to understand the interaction between the environment, animals, and humans. We focused on Sudan, Saudi Arabia, and Kenya. First, we systematically reviewed the literature and then we performed cross sectional community-based studies using a special One Health questionnaire. Climatic and remote sensing data were used in combination with statistics to develop a sub-region predictive model for RVF.

    For both Saudi Arabia and Sudan, the ecology and environment of the affected areas were similar. These areas included irrigation canals and excessive rains that provide an attractive habitat for mosquito vectors to multiply. The surveillance systems were unable to detect the virus in livestock before it spread to humans. Ideally, livestock should serve as sentinels to prevent loss of human lives, but the situation here was reversed. Differences between countries regarding further spread of RVF was mainly determined by better economic and infrastructure resources.

    In Sudan, there was a lack of knowledge and appropriate practices at the studied community regarding RVF disease symptoms and risk factors for both animals and humans. The community was hesitant in notifying the authorities about RVF suspicion in livestock due to the lack of a compensation system. The perceived role of the community in controlling RVF was fragmented, increasing the probability of RVF transmission and disease.

    In Kenya, our study found that better knowledge about RVF does not always translate to more appropriate practices that avoid exposure to the disease. However, the combination of good knowledge, attitudes, and practices may explain why certain communities were less affected. Strategies to combat RVF should consider socio-cultural and behavioral differences among communities. We also noticed that RVF outbreaks in Kenya occurred in regions with high livestock density exposed to heavy rains and wet soil fluxes, which could be measured by evapotranspiration and vegetation seasonality variables. We developed a RVF risk map on a sub-regional scale. Future outbreaks could be better managed if such relevant RVF variables are integrated into early warning systems.

    To confront RVF outbreaks, a policy is needed that better incorporates ecological factors and human interactions with livestock and environment that help the RVF pathogen spread. Early detection and notification of RVF is essential because a delay will threaten the core of International Health Regulations (IHR), which emphasizes the share of information during a transboundary disease outbreak to avoid unnecessary geographical expansion.

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  • 50.
    Ahmed, Nazmul
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Are Hypertension and Diabetes associated with Socioeconomic inequalities in Northern Sweden?: A cross-sectional study2022Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (magisterexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and Aims: Finding socioeconomic inequalities in health is important to creating and starting public health programs that prevent and counteract health inequality. Increasing gaps in socioeconomic inequalities are reported in Northern Sweden for some health indicators. However, less is known about inequality across the social gradient in Northern Sweden in relation to hypertension and diabetes, the two major leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.To bridge this gap, this study aims to examine the association between socioeconomic determinants and two non-communicable diseases (NCD), hypertension, and diabetes in northern Sweden.

    Method: Cross-sectional data from the ‘Health on Equal Terms 2018’ survey in four regions in northern Sweden is used for this study. Birthplace, education, and household income are utilized as socioeconomic indicators. Logistic regression analyses are run to obtain the odds of association across the outcome of hypertension and diabetes separately. 23085 people, 16-84 years of age, is the available sample for hypertension, and for diabetes, the sample size is 23096.

    Result: The prevalence of hypertension is 31.26% in northern Sweden, while the prevalence of diabetes is 7.96%. The male sex, as well as chronologically higher age, lower education, and lower household income are significantly associated with a sequentially greater extent of hypertension and diabetes. Immigrants to northern Sweden who were born outside Europe/USA are also prone to these diseases. ‘Divorced’ people show 23% less vulnerability for diabetes in this study.

    Conclusion: There are two important socioeconomic barriers in front of the population of Northern Sweden; one is income equality, and another is low education. These social gradients are associated with the development of NCD, like hypertension and diabetes, which can increase the risk of mortality and morbidity in the population.

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