Riparian zones are the interface between aquatic and terrestrial systems along inland watercourses. They have a disproportionate ecological role in the landscape considering their narrow extent, which makes them a good example of small natural features (sensu Hunter, 2017-in this issue). Characteristically, riparian zones increase species richness in the landscape and provide key services to society, such as soil fertility, water purification, and recreation. Despite the recognized importance of riparian zones for ecological, economic and social reasons, and the vast amount of scientific literature exploring measures for their conservation, current management is still failing at enabling a proper ecological functioning of these areas. The best practices for conservation of riparian zones have mostly focused on manipulating biotic and physical components (e.g. renaturalizing flow regimes, improving channel mobility, and controlling invasions of exotic ecosystem engineer species). However, these strategies face important technical, socio-economic, and legal constraints that require a more integrative approach for effective conservation. In this paper we summarize the main problems affecting riparian zones and their current management challenges. Following Hunter et al. (2017-in this issue), we review novel approaches to conservation of riparian zones, complementary to manipulating processes that reflect contemporary management and policy. These include (1) investing in environmental education for both local people and technical staff, (2) guaranteeing qualitative and long term inventories and monitoring, (3) establishing legislation and solutions to protect riparian zones, (4) framing economic activities in riparian zones under sustainable management, and (5) planning restoration of riparian zones at multiple and hierarchical spatio-temporal scales.
This installation was commissioned as part of a joint project between the city of Umeå, Sweden and the city of Komatsu, Japan. The words koda – koht – kodu – katus of Finno-Ugric origin have arrived in both Swedish and Japanese cultures in the form of the word Koja or 小屋. The word Koja refers to place, home, roof and house. In the modern Swedish context the term is quite broad extending to a variety of anonymously authored small structures or enclosures found in the wilderness. Koja is also used to describe constructions that a child might make out of a cardboard box: a first getaway in their home, the making of a private world of play. Koja also refers to small hunting, fishing huts or small structures in remote places. In respect to the idea of Heterotopia Peter Johnston wrote on Michel Foucault’s 1966-67 radio broadcasts where he described heterotopias as
“Illustrations of the concept refer to various children’s imaginative games, mentioning tents and dens in gardens as well as all the games played on or under the covers of the parents’ bed. The children’s inventive play produces a different space that at the same time mirrors what is around them. The space reflects and contests simultaneously.”
In 1972 Ugo La Pletra presented Counter Design as Postulation at MoMas Italy: the New Domestic Landscape: the Indivisible Koja comes together as a series of contradictions. Kojas by nature are subversive structures; they operate as both a place to escape to and a way of capturing a territory.
The Koja is made from modified gold vinyl sheet that has been adhered to Mylo to form a two-sided reflective metallic material. The sheet is then cut with an expanding camouflage pattern that opens up when hung. Inside the Koja is an Aluminium Chaise Longue that can hold two people lying down. Once inside a sensor activates a mobile phone scrambler producing an invisible blanket that renders the inhabitant invisible from the unseen infrastructures of global satellite telecommunications.
The proposed memorial site sits on the axis between the suburban fabric of the city, predominately existing to the west of Albany Avenue and the tourist and commercial centre of the city to the east. Building on the formal composition of the city the proposition situates itself on a north south axis with the existing World War I Memorial located in O'Donnell Park. Albany Avenue opens into Route 40 formed from the Oregon Trail navigating from Atlantic City, west to San Francisco.Visitors are presented with both the World War I Memorial and the Holocaust Memorial.
The Genocide Memorial appears as a black Chamber in the Atlantic Ocean extending the city's fabric into the sea, connecting all continents through the moving waters of the ocean. Amongst the sand and removed from the sea a room, described as the Orientation Chamber, sits marking access from the boardwalk to the beach. As a result the memorial site expands beyond a bounded territory encompassing the city's formal layout, its boardwalk and its inherent natural and man made landscape.
Rural land-use planning should handle land-use interests, such as nature-based tourism, biodiversity preservation and industrial resource extraction, on an appropriate level of scale. Management for multifunctionality represents an option in factually multifunctional landscapes. The Swedish policy of national interests, as applied in the context of the three northernmost municipalities? statutory comprehensive plan-making, provides an attempt in this direction. Based on mapping and practitioner interviews, the study reveals that the vague ?practical? implications of the omnipresent land-use designations under the policy complicate the task of local-level spatial planning. Integrated consideration of multiple uses (or use options), implicated by policy principles, was found to fall back into case-by-case assessments. Land-use designation can be worked into a tool for the governance of multifunctional landscapes when care is taken to manage the aspects outlined in the study, among others interagency orchestration and explicit regulation of co-existence.
This theory research book (150 copies), edited by Roemer van Toorn at the TU Delft, The Netherlands, Delft School of Design (DSD) and its research headed by Arie Graafland and with students of The Why Factory, run by Winy Maas, taps into the ecology of nature, the garden of Eden, the home of the tree of life and the tree of knowledge of good and evil, as well as the abundance of other vegetation that could feed from Adam and Eve. We start withe the essay of Marc-Antoine Laugier (1753) with his idea of the primitive hut, which refers to nature as a form of construction and symbol of shleter through what he describes as 'faults', and these faults include commentary on columns, the entablature, and on pediments. By creating a material anthology on the tree this volume taps into different concepts of nature and culture, while analysing differnt contempary and historical examplary works of architecture. The theoretical research and its comparative critical approach of architecture (landscape and urban) projects is undertaken by student is document in this publication under the leadership of Roemer van Toorn from 2007 - 2008. he was also teh editor of the book, while the students made de design for the book.