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  • 1.
    Abraha Derbew, Atakelti
    et al.
    Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of health promotion and disease prevention, Tigray Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
    Debeb, Hagos Godefay
    Tigray Health Bureau, Meklle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
    Kinsman, John
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Myléus, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. MRC-Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Faculty of Health Sciences, Gauteng, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Assessing the performance of the family folder system for collecting community-based health information in Tigray Region, North Ethiopia: a capture–recapture study2024In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 14, no 2, article id e067735Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To assess completeness and accuracy of the family folder in terms of capturing community-level health data.

    Study design: A capture–recapture method was applied in six randomly selected districts of Tigray Region, Ethiopia.

    Participants: Child health data, abstracted from randomly selected 24 073 family folders from 99 health posts, were compared with similar data recaptured through household survey and routine health information made by these health posts.

    Primary and secondary outcome measures: Completeness and accuracy of the family folder data; and coverage selected child health indicators, respectively.

    Results: Demographic data captured by the family folders and household survey were highly concordant, concordance correlation for total population, women 15–49 years age and under 5-year child were 0.97 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.99, p<0.001), 0.73 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.88) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.96), respectively. However, the live births, child health service indicators and child health events were more erratically reported in the three data sources. The concordance correlation among the three sources, for live births and neonatal deaths was 0.094 (95% CI −0.232 to 0.420) and 0.092 (95% CI −0.230 to 0.423) respectively, and for the other parameters were close to 0.

    Conclusion: The family folder system comprises a promising development. However, operational issues concerning the seamless capture and recording of events and merging community and facility data at the health centre level need improvement.

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  • 2.
    Abzhandadze, Tamar
    et al.
    Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lundström, Erik
    Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Buvarp, Dongni
    Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Eriksson, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Quinn, Terence J
    Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
    S Sunnerhagen, Katharina
    Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurocare, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Development of a short-form Swedish version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (s-MoCA-SWE): Protocol for a cross-sectional study2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 5, article id e049035Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Short forms of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) have allowed quick cognitive screening. However, none of the available short forms has been created or validated in a Swedish sample of patients with stroke.

    The aim is to develop a short-form Swedish version of the MoCA (s-MoCA-SWE) in a sample of patients with acute and subacute stroke. The specific objectives are: (1) to identify a subgroup of MoCA items that have the potential to form the s-MoCA-SWE; (2) to determine the optimal cut-off value of s-MoCA-SWE for predicting cognitive impairment and (3) and to compare the psychometric properties of s-MoCA-SWE with those of previously developed MoCA short forms.

    Methods and analysis: This is a statistical analysis protocol for a cross-sectional study. The study sample will comprise patients from Väststroke, a local stroke registry from Gothenburg, Sweden and Efficacy oF Fluoxetine - a randomisEd Controlled Trial in Stroke (EFFECTS), a randomised controlled trial in Sweden. The s-MoCA-SWE will be developed by using exploratory factor analysis and the boosted regression tree algorithm. The cut-off value of s-MoCA-SWE for impaired cognition will be determined based on binary logistic regression analysis. The psychometric properties of s-MoCA-SWE will be compared with those of other MoCA short forms by using cross-tabulation and area under the receiving operating characteristic curve analyses.

    Ethics and dissemination: The Väststroke study has received ethical approval from the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg (346-16) and the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (amendment 2019-04299). The handling of data generated within the framework of quality registers does not require written informed consent from patients. The EFFECTS study has received ethical approval from the Stockholm Ethics Committee (2013/1265-31/2 on 30 September 2013). All participants provided written consent. Results will be published in an international, peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences and communicated to clinical practitioners in local meetings and seminars.

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  • 3. Ades, A. E.
    et al.
    Brickley, Elizabeth B.
    Alexander, Neal
    Brown, David
    Jaenisch, Thomas
    Miranda-Filho, Democrito de Barros
    Pohl, Moritz
    Rosenberger, Kerstin D.
    Soriano-Arandes, Antoni
    Thorne, Claire
    Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar
    de Araujo, Thalia Velho Barreto
    Avelino-Silva, Vivian, I
    Bethencourt Castillo, Sarah Esperanza
    Borja Aburto, Victor Hugo
    Brasil, Patricia
    Christie, Celia D. C.
    de Souza, Wayner Vieira
    Gotuzzo, H. Jose Eduardo
    Hoen, Bruno
    Koopmans, Marion
    Martelli, Celina Maria Turchi
    Martins Teixeira, Mauro
    Marques, Ernesto T. A.
    Miranda, Maria Consuelo
    Montarroyos, Ulisses Ramos
    Moreira, Maria Elisabeth
    Morris, J. Glenn
    Rockx, Barry
    Saba Villarroel, Paola Mariela
    Soria Segarra, Carmen
    Tami, Adriana
    Turchi, Marilia Dalva
    Giaquinto, Carlo
    de Lamballerie, Xavier
    Wilder-Smith, Annelies
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Zika virus infection in pregnancy: a protocol for the joint analysis of the prospective cohort studies of the ZIKAlliance, ZikaPLAN and ZIKAction consortia2020In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 10, no 12, article id e035307Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy has been associated with microcephaly and severe neurological damage to the fetus. Our aim is to document the risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and the prevalence of laboratory markers of congenital infection in deliveries to women experiencing ZIKV infection during pregnancy, using data from European Commission-funded prospective cohort studies in 20 centres in 11 countries across Latin America and the Caribbean.

    Methods and analysis: We will carry out a centre-by-centre analysis of the risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, comparing women with confirmed and suspected ZIKV infection in pregnancy to those with no evidence of infection in pregnancy. We will document the proportion of deliveries in which laboratory markers of congenital infection were present. Finally, we will investigate the associations of trimester of maternal infection in pregnancy, presence or absence of maternal symptoms of acute ZIKV infection and previous flavivirus infections with adverse outcomes and with markers of congenital infection. Centre-specific estimates will be pooled using a two-stage approach.

    Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval was obtained at each centre. Findings will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed open access journals and discussed with local public health officials and representatives of the national Ministries of Health, Pan American Health Organization and WHO involved with ZIKV prevention and control activities.

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  • 4.
    Ajiko, Mary Margaret
    et al.
    Surgery, Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kressner, Julia
    Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Matovu, Alphonsus
    Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Surgery, Mubende Regional Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
    Nordin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Department of Surgery, Östersunds Sjukhus, Ostersund, Sweden.
    Wladis, Andreas
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Löfgren, Jenny
    Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Surgical procedures for children in the public healthcare sector: A nationwide, facility-based study in Uganda2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 7, article id e048540Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: This study investigated the surgical services for children at the highest levels of the public healthcare sector in Uganda. The aim was to determine volumes and types of procedure performed and the patients and the human resource involved.

    Design: The study was a facility-based, record review.

    Setting: The study was carried out at the National Referral Hospital, all 14 regional referral hospitals and 14 general hospitals in Uganda, representing the highest levels of hospital in the public healthcare sector.

    Participants: The subjects were children <18 years who underwent major surgery in the study hospitals during 2013 and 2014.

    Results: The study hospitals contribute with an average annual rate of paediatric surgery at 22.0 per 100 000 paediatric population. This is a fraction of the estimated need. Most of the procedures were performed for congenital anomalies (n=3111, 39.4%), inflammation and infection (n=2264, 28.7%) and trauma (n=1210, 15.3%). Specialist surgeons performed 60.3% (n=4758) of the procedures, and anaesthesia was administered by specialist physician anaesthetists in 11.6% (n=917) of the cases.

    Conclusions: A variety of paediatric surgical procedures are performed in a relatively decentralised system throughout Uganda. Task shifting and task sharing of surgery and anaesthesia are widespread: a large proportion of surgical procedures was carried out by non-specialist physicians, with anaesthesia mostly delivered by non-physician anaesthetists. Reinforcing the capacity and promoting the expansion of the health facilities studied, in particular the general hospitals and regional referral hospitals, could help reduce the immense unmet need for surgical services for children in Uganda.

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  • 5. Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta
    et al.
    Awoke, Worku
    Wilder-Smith, Annalies
    Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
    Determinants for tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults in Northwest Ethiopia: a multicentre case-control study2016In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 6, no 4, article id e009058Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify determinants for tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected adults in Northwest Ethiopia.

    DESIGN: Case-control study.

    SETTING: Three hospitals and 10 health centres in Northwest Ethiopia.

    PARTICIPANTS: A total of 446 individuals consented to participate in the study (150 cases and 296 controls). Cases were HIV-infected adults diagnosed with active TB, and controls were HIV-infected adults without active TB.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The link between TB and determinants was assessed using logistic regression. Determinants were categorised as sociodemographic, host-related, clinical and environmental.

    RESULTS: Smoking (adjusted OR (AOR) 5.47; 95% CI 2.26 to 13.22), presence of a TB patient in the family (AOR 2.66; 95% CI 1.25 to 5.66), alcohol consumption (AOR 2.49; 95% CI 1.29 to 4.80) and chewing khat (AOR 2.22; 95% CI 1.11 to 4.41) were independent determinants for increased occurrence of TB. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (AOR 0.25; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.51), isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) (AOR 0.22; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.41) and cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (AOR 0.32; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.55) had a protective effect against TB.

    CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected adults with substance abuse (tobacco smoking, khat chewing and alcohol) should be prioritised for TB screening. This study reaffirmed that HAART and IPT are some of the best strategies for reducing TB occurrence in HIV-infected adults. These findings provide impetus to intensify tracing of TB household contacts.

  • 6. Aman, Malin
    et al.
    Forssblad, Magnus
    Henriksson-Larsén, Karin
    Insurance claims data: a possible solution for a national sports injury surveillance system? An evaluation of data information against ASIDD and consensus statements on sports injury surveillance2014In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 4, no 6, article id e005056Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Before preventive actions can be suggested for sports injuries at the national level, a solid surveillance system is required in order to study their epidemiology, risk factors and mechanisms. There are guidelines for sports injury data collection and classifications in the literature for that purpose. In Sweden, 90% of all athletes (57/70 sports federations) are insured with the same insurance company and data from their database could be a foundation for studies on acute sports injuries at the national level.

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of sports injury insurance claims data in sports injury surveillance at the national level.

    METHOD: A database with 27 947 injuries was exported to an Excel file. Access to the corresponding text files was also obtained. Data were reviewed on available information, missing information and dropouts. Comparison with ASIDD (Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary) and existing consensus statements in the literature (football (soccer), rugby union, tennis, cricket and thoroughbred horse racing) was performed in a structured manner.

    RESULT: Comparison with ASIDD showed that 93% of the suggested data items were present in the database to at least some extent. Compliance with the consensus statements was generally high (13/18). Almost all claims (83%) contained text information concerning the injury.

    CONCLUSIONS: Relatively high-quality sports injury data can be obtained from a specific insurance company at the national level in Sweden. The database has the potential to be a solid base for research on acute sports injuries in different sports at the national level.

  • 7.
    Ameh, Soter
    et al.
    Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
    Gómez-Olivé, Francesc X.
    Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Kahn, Kathleen
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; The International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health in Developing Countries (INDEPTH), Accra, Ghana.
    Tollman, Stephen
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; The International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health in Developing Countries (INDEPTH), Accra, Ghana.
    Klipstein-Grobusch, Kerstin
    Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Multilevel predictors of controlled CD4 count and blood pressure in an integrated chronic disease management model in rural South Africa: a panel study2020In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 10, no 11, article id e037580Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: In 2011, The National Department of Health introduced the Integrated Chronic Disease Management (ICDM) model as a pilot programme in selected primary healthcare facilities in South Africa. The objective of this study was to determine individual-level and facility-level predictors of controlled CD4 count and blood pressure (BP) in patients receiving treatment for HIV and hypertension, respectively.

    DESIGN: A panel study.

    SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This study was conducted in the Bushbuckridge Municipality, South Africa from 2011 to 2013. Facility records of patients aged ≥18 years were retrieved from the integrated chronic disease management (ICDM) pilot (n=435) and comparison facilities (n=443) using a three-step probability sampling process. CD4 count and BP control are defined as CD4 count >350 cells/mm3 and BP <140/90 mm Hg. A multilevel Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator binary logistic regression analysis was done at a 5% significance level using STATA V.16.

    PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: CD4 (cells/mm3) count and BP (mm Hg).

    RESULTS: Compared with the comparison facilities, patients receiving treatment in the pilot facilities had increased odds of controlling their CD4 count (OR=5.84, 95% CI 3.21-8.22) and BP (OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.04-2.14). Patients aged 50-59 (OR=6.12, 95% CI 2.14-7.21) and ≥60 (OR=7.59, 95% CI 4.75-11.82) years had increased odds of controlling their CD4 counts compared with those aged 18-29 years. Likewise, patients aged 40-49 (OR=5.73, 95% CI 1.98-8.43), 50-59 (OR=7.28, 95% CI 4.33-9.27) and ≥60 (OR=9.31, 95% CI 5.12-13.68) years had increased odds of controlling their BP. In contrast, men had decreased odds of controlling their CD4 count (OR=0.12, 95% CI 0.10-0.46) and BP (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.19-0.47) than women.

    CONCLUSION: The ICDM model had a small but significant effect on BP control, hence, the need to more effectively leverage the HIV programme for optimal BP control in the setting.

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  • 8. Andersson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Dai Ydrefelt, Ying
    Johannesson, Marit
    Lundbäck, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology.
    Mannila, Maria
    Persson, Margaretha
    Swahn, Eva
    Bolejko, Anetta
    Surveillance of indeterminate pulmonary nodules detected with CT in a Swedish population-based study (SCAPIS): Psychosocial consequences and impact on health-related quality of life - A multicentre prospective cross-sectional study2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 9, article id e048721Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To investigate whether surveillance of pulmonary nodules detected with low-dose CT (LDCT) impacted health-related quality of life and psychosocial consequences in the Swedish population-based study, Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).

    Design: A prospective cross-sectional study.

    Settings and participants: This multicentre (five sites) observational study, which included a cohort from SCAPIS, consisted of 632 participants with indeterminate pulmonary nodules detected with LDCT. These participants continued surveillance for up to 36 months, during which lung cancer was not detected (surveillance group). Additionally, 972 participants with a negative pulmonary LDCT scan were included as a control group. Matching criteria were LDCT date (±2 weeks), gender and site.

    Outcome measures: All participants completed a health-related quality of life questionnaire (RAND-36) and the Consequences of Screening (COS) questionnaire, an average of 3 years after LDCT was conducted at entry into SCAPIS.

    Results: Participants were 51-70 years old at study commencement. Overall, the two groups did not differ in demographic or psychosocial variables, smoking habits or pulmonary medical history. Individuals from countries other than Sweden and those with low socioeconomic status were less likely to participate (p<0.001). No effects on health-related quality of life were observed via RAND-36. In COS, the surveillance group demonstrated a higher OR for anxiety about lung cancer (OR 3.96, 95% CI 2.35 to 6.66, p<0.001), experiencing a sense of dejection (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.72, p=0.015) and thoughts about existential values (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.60, p=0.018).

    Conclusions: Lung surveillance with LDCT contributed to significant experiences of sense of dejection, anxiety about lung cancer and development of thoughts about existential values among participants in the surveillance group compared with the controls. The risk of side effects should be communicated for informed decision-making about (non-)attendance in lung cancer screening.

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  • 9. Andersson, Ola
    et al.
    Hellstrom-Westas, Lena
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Elective caesarean: does delay in cord clamping for 30 s ensure sufficient iron stores at 4 months of age? A historical cohort control study2016In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 6, no 11, article id e012995Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To compare iron stores in infants born after elective caesarean section (CS) and a 30 s delay of umbilical cord clamping with those born vaginally after early (<= 10 s) or delayed (>= 180 s) cord clamping. Design: Prospective observational study with historical control. Setting: Swedish county hospital. Population: 64 infants born after elective CS were compared with a historical control of 166 early clamped and 168 delayed clamped after vaginal birth. Methods: Blood and iron status were measured in blood samples collected at birth, 48-96 hours after birth, 4 and 12 months of age. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Ferritin at 4 months of age was the primary outcome, second outcome measures were other indicators of iron status, and haemoglobin, at 4 and 12 months of age, as well as respiratory distress at 1 and 6 hours after birth. Results: At 4 months infants born by elective CS had better iron status than those born vaginally subjected to early cord clamping, shown by higher adjusted mean difference of ferritin concentration (39 mu g/L (95% CI 10 to 60)) and mean cell volume (1.8 fL (95% CI 0.6 to 3.0)); and lower levels of transferrin receptors (-0.39 mg/L (95% CI -0.69 to -0.08)). No differences were seen between infants born after elective CS and delayed clamped vaginally born infants at 4 months. No differences were found between groups at 12 months of age. Conclusions: Waiting to clamp the umbilical cord for 30 s after elective CS results in higher iron stores at 4 months of age compared with early cord clamping after vaginal birth, and seems to ensure iron status comparable with those achieved after 180 s delayed cord clamping after vaginal birth.

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  • 10.
    Arnetz, Bengt B.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine. Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Lewalski, Philip
    Arnetz, Judy
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine. Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Breejen, Karen
    Przyklenk, Karin
    Examining self-reported and biological stress and near misses among Emergency Medicine residents: a single-centre cross-sectional assessment in the USA2017In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 7, no 8, article id e016479Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To examine the relationship between perceived and biological stress and near misses among Emergency Medicine residents.

    Design: Self-rated stress and stress biomarkers were assessed in residents in Emergency Medicine before and after a day shift. The supervising physicians and residents reported numbers of near misses.

    Setting: The study took place in the Emergency Department of a large trauma 1 centre, located in Detroit, USA. Participants Residents in Emergency Medicine volunteered to participate. The sample consisted of 32 residents, with complete data on 28 subjects. Residents' supervising physicians assessed the clinical performance of each resident.

    Primary and secondary outcome measures: Participants' preshift and postshift stress, biological stress (salivary cortisol, plasma interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), residents' and supervisors' reports of near misses, number of critically ill and patients with trauma seen during the shift.

    Results: Residents' self-reported stress increased from an average preshift level of 2.79 of 10 (SD 1.81) to a postshift level of 5.82 (2.13) (p<0.001). Residents cared for an average of 2.32 (1.52) critically ill patients and 0.68 (1.06) patients with trauma. Residents reported a total of 7 near misses, compared with 11 reported by the supervising physicians. After controlling for baseline work-related exhaustion, residents that cared for more patients with trauma and had higher levels of TNF-a reported a higher frequency of near misses (R-2=0.72; p=0.001). Residents' preshift ratings of how stressful they expected the shift to be were related to the supervising physicians' ratings of residents' near misses during the shift.

    Conclusion: Residents' own ratings of near misses were associated with residents' TNF-alpha, a biomarker of systemic inflammation and the number of patients with trauma seen during the shift. In contrast, supervisor reports on residents' near misses were related only to the residents' preshift expectations of how stressful the shift would be.

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  • 11.
    Arumugam, Ashokan
    et al.
    Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
    Björklund, Martin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy. Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
    Mikko, Sanna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Häger, Charlotte K.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Effects of neuromuscular training on knee proprioception in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament injury: A systematic review and GRADE evidence synthesis2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 5, article id e049226Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To systematically review and summarise the evidence for the effects of neuromuscular training compared with any other therapy (conventional training/sham) on knee proprioception following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

    Design: Systematic Review.

    Data sources: PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, AMED, Scopus and Physical Education Index were searched from inception to February 2020.

    Eligibility criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials investigating the effects of neuromuscular training on knee-specific proprioception tests following a unilateral ACL injury were included.

    Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data and assessed risk of bias of the eligible studies using the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool. Overall certainty in evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool.

    Results: Of 2706 articles retrieved, only 9 RCTs, comprising 327 individuals with an ACL reconstruction (ACLR), met the inclusion criteria. Neuromuscular training interventions varied across studies: whole body vibration therapy, Nintendo-Wii-Fit training, balance training, sport-specific exercises, backward walking, etc. Outcome measures included joint position sense (JPS; n=7), thresholds to detect passive motion (TTDPM; n=3) or quadriceps force control (QFC; n=1). Overall, between-group mean differences indicated inconsistent findings with an increase or decrease of errors associated with JPS by ≤2°, TTDPM by ≤1.5° and QFC by ≤6 Nm in the ACLR knee following neuromuscular training. Owing to serious concerns with three or more GRADE domains (risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness or imprecision associated with the findings) for each outcome of interest across studies, the certainty of evidence was very low.

    Conclusions: The heterogeneity of interventions, methodological limitations, inconsistency of effects (on JPS/TTDPM/QFC) preclude recommendation of one optimal neuromuscular training intervention for improving proprioception following ACL injury in clinical practice. There is a need for methodologically robust RCTs with homogenous populations with ACL injury (managed conservatively or with reconstruction), novel/well-designed neuromuscular training and valid proprioception assessments, which also seem to be lacking.

    PROSPERO registration number CRD42018107349.

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  • 12.
    Arumugam, Ashokan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Strong, Andrew
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Tengman, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Röijezon, Ulrik
    Häger, Charlotte
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Psychometric properties of knee proprioception tests targeting healthy individuals and those with anterior cruciate ligament injury managed with or without reconstruction: a systematic review protocol2019In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 9, no 4, article id e027241Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury affects knee proprioception and sensorimotor control and might contribute to an increased risk of a second ACL injury and secondary knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, there is a growing need for valid, reliable and responsive knee proprioception tests. No previous study has comprehensively reviewed all the relevant psychometric properties (PMPs) of these tests together. The aim of this review protocol is to narrate the steps involved in synthesising the evidence for the PMPs of specific knee proprioception tests among individuals with an ACL injury and knee-healthy controls.

    Methods and analysis: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses will be followed to report the review. A combination of four conceptual groups of terms-(1) construct (knee proprioception), (2) target population (healthy individuals and those with an ACL injury managed conservatively or with a surgical reconstruction), (3) measurement instrument (specific knee proprioception tests) and (4) PMPs (reliability, validity and responsiveness)-will be used for electronic databases search. PubMed, AMED, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ProQuest will be searched from their inception to November 2018. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full text articles, extract data and perform risk of bias assessment using the updated COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments risk of bias checklist for the eligible studies. A narrative synthesis of the findings and a meta-analysis will be attempted as appropriate. Each PMP of knee proprioception tests will be classified as 'sufficient', 'indeterminate' or 'insufficient'. The overall level of evidence will be ascertained using an established set of criteria.

    Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval or patient consent is not required for a systematic review. The review findings will be submitted as a series of manuscripts for peer-review and publication in scientific journals.

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  • 13. Askelöf, Ulrica
    et al.
    Andersson, Ola
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Fasth, Anders
    Hallberg, Boubou
    Hellström-Westas, Lena
    Pettersson, Karin
    Westgren, Magnus
    Wiklund, Ingela E.
    Götherström, Cecilia
    Wait a minute?: An observational cohort study comparing iron stores in healthy Swedish infants at 4 months of age after 10-, 60-and 180-second umbilical cord clamping2017In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 7, no 12, article id e017215Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and objective: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a valuable stem cell source used for transplantation. Immediate umbilical cord (UC) clamping is widely practised, but delayed UC clamping is increasingly advocated to reduce possible infant anaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate an intermediate UC clamping time point and to evaluate iron status at the age of 4 months in infants who had the UC clamped after 60 s and compare the results with immediate and late UC clamping.

    Design: Prospective observational study with two historical controls.

    Setting: A university hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, and a county hospital in Halland, Sweden.

    Methods: Iron status was assessed at 4 months in 200 prospectively recruited term infants whose UC was clamped 60 s after birth. The newborn baby was held below the uterine level for the first 30 s before placing the infant on the mother's abdomen for additional 30 s. The results were compared with data from a previously conducted randomised controlled trial including infants subjected to UC clamping at <= 10 s (n= 200) or >= 180 s (n= 200) after delivery.

    Results: After adjustment for age differences at the time of follow- up, serum ferritin concentrations were 77, 103 and 114 mu g/L in the 10, 60 and 180 s groups, respectively. The adjusted ferritin concentration was significantly higher in the 60 s group compared with the 10 s group (P=0.002), while the difference between the 60 and 180 s groups was not significant (P=0.29).

    Conclusion: In this study of healthy term infants, 60 s UC clamping with 30 s lowering of the baby below the uterine level resulted in higher serum ferritin concentrations at 4 months compared with 10 s UC clamping. The results suggest that delaying the UC clamping for 60 s reduces the risk for iron deficiency.

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  • 14.
    Ballin, Marcel
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine.
    Ioannidis, John P.
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, Stanford, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, Stanford, United States.
    Bergman, Jonathan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine.
    Kivipelto, Miia
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medical Unit Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nordström, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine. School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Nordström, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine.
    Time-varying risk of death after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Swedish long-term care facility residents: a matched cohort study2022In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 12, no 11, article id e066258Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of long-term care (LTC) facilities is associated with higher mortality after the acute phase of infection, and to estimate survival in uninfected residents.

    DESIGN: Extended follow-up of a previous, propensity score-matched, retrospective cohort study based on the Swedish Senior Alert register.

    SETTING: LTC facilities in Sweden.

    PARTICIPANTS: n=3604 LTC residents with documented SARS-CoV-2 until 15 September 2020 matched to 3604 uninfected controls using time-dependent propensity scores on age, sex, health status, comorbidities, prescription medications, geographical region and Senior Alert registration time. In a secondary analysis (n=3731 in each group), geographical region and Senior Alert registration time were not matched for in order to increase the follow-up time in controls and allow for an estimation of median survival.

    PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: All-cause mortality until 24 October 2020, tracked using the National Cause of Death Register.

    RESULTS: Median age was 87 years and 65% were women. Excess mortality peaked at 5 days after documented SARS-CoV-2-infection (HR 21.5, 95% CI 15.9 to 29.2), after which excess mortality decreased. From the second month onwards, mortality rate became lower in infected residents than controls. The HR for death during days 61-210 of follow-up was 0.76 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.93). The median survival of uninfected controls was 1.6 years, which was much lower than the national life expectancy in Sweden at age 87 (5.05 years in men, 6.07 years in women).

    CONCLUSIONS: The risk of death after SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC residents peaked after 5 days and decreased after 2 months, probably because the frailest residents died during the acute phase, leaving healthier residents remaining. The limited life expectancy in this population suggests that LTC resident status should be accounted for when estimating years of life lost due to COVID-19.

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  • 15.
    Bancroft, Dani
    et al.
    Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
    Power, Grace M.
    Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
    Jones, Robert T.
    Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
    Massad, Eduardo
    School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Applied Mathematics, Fundação Getulio Vargas, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
    Iriat, Jorge Bernstein
    Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
    Preet, Raman
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Kinsman, John
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Logan, James G.
    Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
    Vector control strategies in Brazil: a qualitative investigation into community knowledge, attitudes and perceptions following the 2015-2016 Zika virus epidemic2022In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 12, no 1, article id e050991Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern following the rapid emergence of neonatal microcephaly in Brazil during the 2015-2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic. In response, a national campaign sought to control Aedes mosquito populations and reduce ZIKV transmission. Achieving adherence to vector control or mosquito-bite reduction behaviours, including the use of topical mosquito repellents, is challenging. Coproduction of research at the community level is needed to understand and mitigate social determinants of lower engagement with Aedes preventive measures, particularly within disempowered groups.

    DESIGN: In 2017, the Zika Preparedness Latin America Network (ZikaPLAN) conducted a qualitative study to understand individual and community level experiences of ZIKV and other mosquito-borne disease outbreaks. Presented here is a thematic analysis of 33 transcripts from community focus groups and semistructured interviews, applying the Health Belief Model (HBM) to elaborate knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of ZIKV and vector control strategies.

    PARTICIPANTS: 120 purposively sampled adults of approximate reproductive age (18-45); 103 women participated in focus groups and 17 men in semistructured interviews.

    SETTING: Two sociopolitically and epidemiologically distinct cities in Brazil: Jundiaí (57 km north of São Paolo) and Salvador (Bahia state capital).

    RESULTS: Four key and 12 major themes emerged from the analysis: (1) knowledge and cues to action; (2) attitudes and normative beliefs (perceived threat, barriers, benefits and self-efficacy); (3) behaviour change (household prevention and community participation); and (4) community preferences for novel repellent tools, vector control strategies and ZIKV messaging.

    CONCLUSIONS: Common barriers to repellent adherence were accessibility, appearance and effectiveness. A strong case is made for the transferability of the HBM to inform epidemic preparedness for mosquito-borne disease outbreaks at the community level. Nationally, a health campaign targeting men is recommended, in addition to local mobilisation of funding to strengthen surveillance, risk communication and community engagement.

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  • 16. Barman, Malin
    et al.
    Murray, Fiona
    Bernardi, Angelina I.
    Broberg, Karin
    Bölte, Sven
    Hesselmar, Bill
    Jacobsson, Bo
    Jonsson, Karin
    Kippler, Maria
    Rabe, Hardis
    Ross, Alastair B.
    Sjöberg, Fei
    Strömberg, Nicklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Vahter, Marie
    Wold, Agnes E.
    Sandberg, Ann-Sofie
    Sandin, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics. Sunderby Research Unit, Region Norrbotten, Luleå, Sweden.
    Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment (NICE): a prospective birth cohort in northern Sweden2018In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 8, no 10, article id e022013Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction Prenatal and neonatal environmental factors, such as nutrition, microbes and toxicants, may affect health throughout life. Many diseases, such as allergy and impaired child development, may be programmed already in utero or during early infancy. Birth cohorts are important tools to study associations between early life exposure and disease risk. Here, we describe the study protocol of the prospective birth cohort, 'Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment' (NICE). The primary aim of the NICE cohort is to clarify the effect of key environmental exposures-diet, microbes and environmental toxicants-during pregnancy and early childhood, on the maturation of the infant's immune system, including initiation of sensitisation and allergy as well as some secondary outcomes: infant growth, obesity, neurological development and oral health. Methods and analysis The NICE cohort will recruit about 650 families during mid-pregnancy. The principal inclusion criterion will be planned birth at the Sunderby Hospital in the north of Sweden, during 2015-2018. Questionnaires data and biological samples will be collected at 10 time-points, from pregnancy until the children reach 4 years of age. Samples will be collected primarily from mothers and children, and from fathers. Biological samples include blood, urine, placenta, breast milk, meconium, faeces, saliva and hair. Information regarding allergic heredity, diet, socioeconomic status, lifestyle including smoking, siblings, pet ownership, etc will be collected using questionnaires. Sensitisation to common allergens will be assessed by skin prick testing and allergic disease will be diagnosed by a paediatrician at 1 and 4 years of age. At 4 years of age, the children will also be examined regarding growth, neurobehavioural and neurophysiological status and oral health. Ethics and dissemination The NICE cohort has been approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Umea, Sweden (2013/18-31M). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and communicated on scientific conferences.

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  • 17.
    Baroudi, Mazen
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Stoor, Jon Petter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Blåhed, Hanna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Edin, Kerstin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Hurtig, Anna-Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Men and sexual and reproductive healthcare in the Nordic countries: a scoping review2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 9, article id e052600Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context: Men generally seek healthcare less often than women and, other than traditional gender norms, less is known about the explanation. The aim was to identify knowledge gaps and factors influencing men regarding sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRHC) in the Nordic countries.

    Methods: We searched PubMed and SveMed+ for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2010 and May 2020. The analyses identified factors influencing men’s experiences of and access to SRHC.

    Results: The majority of the 68 articles included focused on pregnancy, birth, infertility and sexually transmitted infections including HIV. During pregnancy and childbirth, men were treated as accompanying partners rather than individuals with their own needs. The knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers were crucial for their ability to provide SRHC and for the experiences of men. Organisational obstacles, such as women-centred SRHC and no assigned healthcare profession for men’s sexual and reproductive health issues, hindered men’s access to SRHC. Lastly, the literature rarely discussed the impact of health policies on men’s access to SRHC.

    Conclusions: The literature lacked the perspectives of specific groups of men such as migrants, men who have sex with men and transmen, as well as the experiences of men in SRHC related to sexual function, contraceptive use and gender-based violence. These knowledge gaps, taken together with the lack of a clear entry point for men into SRHC, indicate the necessity of an improved health and medical education of healthcare providers, as well as of health system interventions.

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  • 18. Bjornsdottir, Erla
    et al.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Benediktsdottir, Bryndis
    Gislason, Thorarinn
    Garcia Larsen, Vanessa
    Franklin, Karl A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Jarvis, Debbie
    Demoly, Pascal
    Perret, Jennifer L.
    Garcia Aymerich, Judith
    Arenas, Sandra Dorado
    Heinrich, Joachim
    Torén, Kjell
    Jögi, Rain
    Janson, Christer
    Are symptoms of insomnia related to respiratory symptoms? Cross-sectional results from 10 European countries and Australia2020In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 10, no 4, article id e032511Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of different insomnia subtypes among middle-aged adults from Europe and Australia and to explore the cross-sectional relationship between insomnia subtypes, respiratory symptoms and lung function.

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based, multicentre cohort study.

    SETTING: 23 centres in 10 European countries and Australia.

    METHODS: We included 5800 participants in the third follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey III (ECRHS III) who answered three questions on insomnia symptoms: difficulties falling asleep (initial insomnia), waking up often during the night (middle insomnia) and waking up early in the morning and not being able to fall back asleep (late insomnia). They also answered questions on smoking, general health and chronic diseases and had the following lung function measurements: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Changes in lung function since ECRHS I about 20 years earlier were also analysed.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of insomnia subtypes and relationship to respiratory symptoms and function.

    RESULTS: Overall, middle insomnia (31.2%) was the most common subtype followed by late insomnia (14.2%) and initial insomnia (11.2%). The highest reported prevalence of middle insomnia was found in Iceland (37.2%) and the lowest in Australia (22.7%), while the prevalence of initial and late insomnia was highest in Spain (16.0% and 19.7%, respectively) and lowest in Denmark (4.6% and 9.2%, respectively). All subtypes of insomnia were associated with significantly higher reported prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Only isolated initial insomnia was associated with lower FEV1, whereas no association was found between insomnia and low FEV1/FVC ratio or decline in lung function.

    CONCLUSION: There is considerable geographical variation in the prevalence of insomnia symptoms. Middle insomnia is most common especially in Iceland. Initial and late insomnia are most common in Spain. All insomnia subtypes are associated with respiratory symptoms, and initial insomnia is also associated with lower FEV1.

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  • 19.
    Blomstedt, Yulia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Norberg, Margareta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Stenlund, Hans
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Nyström, Lennarth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Lönnberg, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Boman, Kurt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Wall, Stig
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Weinehall, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Impact of a combined community and primary care prevention strategy on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a cohort analysis based on 1 million person-years of follow-up in Västerbotten County, Sweden, during 1990-20062015In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 5, no 12, article id e009651Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) by comparing all eligible individuals (target group impact) according to the intention-to-treat principle and VIP participants with the general Swedish population.

    DESIGN: Dynamic cohort study.

    SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: All individuals aged 40, 50 or 60 years, residing in Västerbotten County, Sweden, between 1990 and 2006 (N=101 918) were followed from their first opportunity to participate in the VIP until age 75, study end point or prior death.

    INTERVENTION: The VIP is a systematic, long-term, county-wide cardiovascular disease (CVD) intervention that is performed within the primary healthcare setting and combines individual and population approaches. The core component is a health dialogue based on a physical examination and a comprehensive questionnaire at the ages of 40, 50 and 60 years.

    PRIMARY OUTCOMES: All-cause and CVD mortality.

    RESULTS: For the target group, there were 5646 deaths observed over 1 054 607 person-years. Compared to Sweden at large, the standardised all-cause mortality ratio was 90.6% (95% CI 88.2% to 93.0%): for women 87.9% (95% CI 84.1% to 91.7%) and for men 92.2% (95% CI 89.2% to 95.3%). For CVD, the ratio was 95.0% (95% CI 90.7% to 99.4%): for women 90.4% (95% CI 82.6% to 98.7%) and for men 96.8% (95% CI 91.7 to 102.0). For participants, subject to further impact as well as selection, when compared to Sweden at large, the standardised all-cause mortality ratio was 66.3% (95% CI 63.7% to 69.0%), whereas the CVD ratio was 68.9% (95% CI 64.2% to 73.9%). For the target group as well as for the participants, standardised mortality ratios for all-cause mortality were reduced within all educational strata.

    CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that the VIP model of CVD prevention is able to impact on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality when evaluated according to the intention-to-treat principle.

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  • 20. Bohman, Tony
    et al.
    Bottai, Matteo
    Björklund, Martin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation. Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
    Predictive models for short-term and long-term improvement in women under physiotherapy for chronic disabling neck pain: a longitudinal cohort study2019In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 9, no 4, article id e024557Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To develop predictive models for short-term and long-term clinically important improvement in women with non-specific chronic disabling neck pain during the clinical course of physiotherapy.

    Design: Longitudinal cohort study based on data from a randomised controlled trial evaluating short-term and long-term effects on sensorimotor function over 11 weeks of physiotherapy.

    Participants and settings: Eighty-nine women aged 31–65 years with non-specific chronic disabling neck pain from Gävle, Sweden.

    Measures: The outcome, clinically important improvement, was measured with the Patient Global Impression of Change Scale (PGICS) and the Neck Disability Index (NDI), assessed by self-administered questionnaires at 3, 9 and 15 months from the start of the interventions (baseline). Twelve baseline prognostic factors were considered in the analyses. The predictive models were built using random-effects logistic regression. The predictive ability of the models was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Internal validity was assessed with cross-validation using the bootstrap resampling technique.

    Results: Factors included in the final PGICS model were neck disability and age, and in the NDI model, neck disability, depression and catastrophising. In both models, the odds for short-term and long-term improvement increased with higher baseline neck disability, while the odds decreased with increasing age (PGICS model), and with increasing level of depression (NDI model). In the NDI model, higher baseline levels of catastrophising indicated increased odds for short-term improvement and decreased odds for long-term improvement. Both models showed acceptable predictive validity with an AUC of 0.64 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.73) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.75), respectively.

    Conclusion: Age, neck disability and psychological factors seem to be important predictors of improvement, and may inform clinical decisions about physiotherapy in women with chronic neck pain. Before using the developed predictive models in clinical practice, however, they should be validated in other populations and tested in clinical settings.

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  • 21.
    Boman, Kurt
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Lindmark, Krister
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology.
    Stålhammar, Jan
    Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Olofsson, Mona
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Costa-Scharplatz, Madlaina
    Medical Affairs/RWE, Novartis Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fonseca, Ana Filipa
    Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
    Johansson, Stina
    IQVIA, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Heller, Vincent
    IQVIA, Solna, Sweden.
    Törnblom, Michael
    Real-World and Analytics Solutions, IQVIA Solutions Sweden AB, Solna, Sweden.
    Wikström, Gerhard
    Institute of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Healthcare resource utilisation and costs associated with a heart failure diagnosis: A retrospective, population-based cohort study in Sweden2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 10, article id e053806Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To examine healthcare resource use (HRU) and costs among heart failure (HF) patients using population data from Sweden.

    Design: Retrospective, non-interventional cohort study.

    Setting: Two cohorts were identified from linked national health registers (cohort 1, 2005-2014) and electronic medical records (cohort 2, 2010-2012; primary/secondary care patients from Uppsala and Västerbotten).

    Participants: Patients (aged ≥18 years) with primary or secondary diagnoses of HF (≥2 International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision classification) during the identification period of January 2005 to March 2015 were included.

    Outcome measures: HRU across the HF phenotypes was assessed with logistic regression. Costs were estimated based on diagnosis-related group codes and general price lists.

    Results: Total annual costs of secondary care of prevalent HF increased from SEK 6.23 (€0.60) to 8.86 (€0.85) billion between 2005 and 2014. Of 4648 incident patients, HF phenotype was known for 1715: reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): 64.5%, preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): 35.5%. Within 1 year of HF diagnosis, the proportion of patients hospitalised was only marginally higher for HFrEF versus HFpEF (all-cause (95% CI): 64.7% (60.8 to 68.4) vs 63.7% (60.8 to 66.5), HR 0.91, p=0.14; cardiovascular disease related (95% CI): 61.1% (57.1 to 64.8) vs 60.9% (58.0 to 63.7), HR 0.93, p=0.28). Frequency of hospitalisations and outpatient visits per patient declined after the first year. All-cause secondary care costs in the first year were SEK 122 758 (€12 890)/patient/year, with HF-specific care accounting for 69% of the costs. Overall, 10% of the most expensive population (younger; predominantly male; more likely to have comorbidities) incurred ~40% of total secondary care costs.

    Conclusions: HF-associated costs and HRU are high, especially during the first year of diagnosis. This is driven by high hospitalisations rates. Understanding the profile of resource-intensive patients being at younger age, male sex and high Charlson comorbidity index scores at the time of the HF diagnosis is most likely a sign of more severe disease.

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  • 22.
    Brunström, Mattias
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Carlberg, Bo
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Benefits and harms of lower blood pressure treatment targets: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials2019In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 9, no 9, article id e026686Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives To assess the effect of antihypertensive treatment in the 130-140mm Hg systolic blood pressure range. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Information sources PubMed, CDSR and DARE were searched for the systematic reviews, which were manually browsed for clinical trials. PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for trials directly in February 2018. Eligibility criteria Randomised double-blind trials with >= 1000 patient-years of follow-up, comparing any antihypertensive agent against placebo. Data extraction and risk of bias Two reviewers extracted study-level data, and assessed risk of bias using Cochrane Collaborations risk of bias assessment tool, independently. Main outcomes and measures Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events and discontinuation due to adverse events. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, hypotension-related adverse events and renal impairment. Results Eighteen trials, including 92 567 participants (34% women, mean age 63 years), fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Primary preventive antihypertensive treatment was associated with a neutral effect on all-cause mortality (relative risk 1.00, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.06) and major cardiovascular events (1.01, 0.96 to 1.06), but an increased risk of discontinuation due to adverse events (1.23, 1.03 to 1.47). None of the secondary efficacy outcomes were significantly reduced, but the risk of hypotension-related adverse events increased with treatment (1.71, 1.32 to 2.22). In coronary artery disease secondary prevention, antihypertensive treatment was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality (0.91, 0.83 to 0.99) and major cardiovascular events (0.85, 0.77 to 0.94), but doubled the risk of adverse events leading to discontinuation (2.05, 1.62 to 2.61). Conclusion Primary preventive blood pressure lowering in the 130-140mm Hg systolic blood pressure range adds no cardiovascular benefit, but increases the risk of adverse events. In the secondary prevention, benefits should be weighed against harms.

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  • 23. Bunker, Aditi
    et al.
    Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Sié, Ali
    Rocklöv, Joacim
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Sauerborn, Rainer
    Excess burden of non-communicable disease years of life lost from heat in rural Burkina Faso: a time series analysis of the years 2000-20102017In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 7, no 11, article id e018068Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Investigate the association of heat exposure on years of life lost (YLL) from non-communicable diseases (NCD) in Nouna, Burkina Faso, between 2000 and 2010.

    Design: Daily time series regression analysis using distributed lag non-linear models, assuming a quasi-Poisson distribution of YLL.

    Setting: Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Kossi Province, Rural Burkina Faso.

    Participants: 18 367 NCD-YLL corresponding to 790 NCD deaths recorded in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance Site register over 11 years.

    Main outcome measure: Excess mean daily NCD-YLL were generated from the relative risk of maximum daily temperature on NCD-YLL, including effects delayed up to 14 days.

    Results: Daily average NCD-YLL were 4.6, 2.4 and 2.1 person-years for all ages, men and women, respectively. Moderate 4-day cumulative rise in maximum temperature from 36.4 degrees C (50th percentile) to 41.4 degrees C (90th percentile) resulted in 4.44 (95% CI 0.24 to 12.28) excess daily NCDYLL for all ages, rising to 7.39 (95% CI 0.32 to 24.62) at extreme temperature (42.8 degrees C; 99th percentile). The strongest health effects manifested on the day of heat exposure (lag 0), where 0.81 (95% CI 0.13 to 1.59) excess mean NCD-YLL occurred daily at 41.7 degrees C compared with 36.4 degrees C, diminishing in statistical significance after 4 days. At lag 0, daily excess mean NCD-YLL were higher for men, 0.58 (95% CI 0.11 to 1.15) compared with women, 0.15 (95% CI -0.25 to 9.63) at 41.7 degrees C vs 36.4 degrees C.

    Conclusion: Premature death from NCD was elevated significantly with moderate and extreme heat exposure. These findings have important implications for developing adaptation and mitigation strategies to reduce ambient heat exposure and preventive measures for limiting NCD in Africa.

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  • 24.
    Bygren, Lars Olov
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jansåker, Filip
    Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Kobenhavn, Denmark.
    Sundquist, Kristina
    Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Johansson, Sven-Erik
    Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Association between attending cultural events and all-cause mortality: a longitudinal study with three measurements (1982-2017)2023In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 13, no 2, article id e065714Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between cultural attendance and all-cause mortality.

    DESIGN: A longitudinal cohort study over 36 years (1982-2017) with three 8-year interval measurements of exposure (1982/1983, 1990/1991 and 1998/1999) to cultural attendance and a follow-up period to 31 December 2017.Sweden.

    PARTICIPANTS: The study included 3311 randomly selected individuals from the Swedish population with complete data for all three measurements.

    PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: All-cause mortality during the study period in relation to level of cultural attendance. Cox regression models with time-varying covariates were used to estimate HRs adjusted for potential confounders.

    RESULTS: The HRs of cultural attendance in the lowest and middle levels compared with the highest level (reference; HR=1) were 1.63 (95% CI 1.34 to 2.00) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.51), respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Attending cultural events has a suggested gradient, the lesser cultural exposure the higher all-cause mortality during the follow-up.

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  • 25.
    Carlsen, Hanne Krage
    et al.
    Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Gislason, Thorarinn
    Benediktsdottir, Bryndis
    Kolbeinsson, Thorir Bjorn
    Hauksdottir, Arna
    Thorsteinsson, Throstur
    Briem, Haraldur
    A survey of early health effects of the Eyjafjallajokull 2010 eruption in Iceland: a population-based study2012In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 2, no 2, p. e000343-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective To estimate physical and mental health effects of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption on nearby residents.

    Design Cross-sectional study.

    Setting The Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull erupted on 14 April 2010. The eruption lasted for about 6 weeks and was explosive, ejecting some 8 million tons of fine particles into the atmosphere. Due to prevailing winds, the ash spread mostly to the south and south-east, first over the rural region to the south, later over the Atlantic Ocean and Europe, closing European air space for several days.

    Participants Residents (n=207) of the most ash-exposed rural area south and east of the volcano.

    Methods The study period was from 31 May to 11 June 2010. Participants were examined by a physician. To ascertain respiratory health, standardised spirometry was performed before and after the use of a bronchodilator. All adult participants answered questionnaires about mental and physical health, their children's health and the use of protective equipment.

    Results Every other adult participant reported irritation in eyes and upper airway when exposed to volcanic ash. Adults (n=26) and children (n=5) with pre-existing asthma frequently reported worsening of their symptoms. No serious health problems requiring hospitalisation could be attributed to the eruption. The majority of the participants reported no abnormal physical or mental symptoms to the examining physician. Compared to an age- and gender-matched reference group, the ash-exposed participants reported lower smoking rates and were less likely to have ventilation impairment. Less than 10% of the participants reported symptoms of stress, anxiety or depression.

    Conclusions Short-term ash exposure was associated with upper airway irritation symptoms and exacerbation of pre-existing asthma but did not contribute to serious health problems. The exposure did not impair respiratory function compared to controls. Outdoor use of protective glasses and face masks was considered protective against irritation in eyes and upper airway.                                  

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  • 26.
    Carlsen, Hanne Krage
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Hauksdottir, Arna
    Valdimarsdottir, Unnur Anna
    Gíslason, Thorarinn
    Einarsdottir, Gunnlaug
    Runolfsson, Halldor
    Briem, Haraldur
    Finnbjornsdottir, Ragnhildur Gudrun
    Gudmundsson, Sigurdur
    Kolbeinsson, Thorir Björn
    Thorsteinsson, Throstur
    Pétursdóttir, Gudrun
    Health effects following the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption: a cohort study2012In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 2, no 6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine whether exposure to a volcanic eruption was associated with increased prevalence of physical and/or mental symptoms.

    DESIGN: Cohort, with non-exposed control group.

    SETTING: Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions constitute a major public-health threat. The Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull exposed residents in southern Iceland to continuous ash fall for more than 5 weeks in spring 2010. This study was conducted during November 2010-March 2011, 6-9 months after the Eyjafjallajökull eruption.

    PARTICIPANTS: Adult (18-80 years of age) eruption-exposed South Icelanders (N=1148) and a control population of residents of Skagafjörður, North Iceland (N=510). The participation rate was 72%.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical symptoms in the previous year (chronic), in the previous month (recent), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) measured psychological morbidity.

    RESULTS: The likelihood of having symptoms during the last month was higher in the exposed population, such as; tightness in the chest (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.1 to 5.8), cough (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.7 to 3.9), phlegm (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 3.2), eye irritation (OR 2.9; 95% CI 2.0 to 4.1) and psychological morbidity symptoms (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0 to 1.7). Respiratory symptoms during the last 12 months were also more common in the exposed population; cough (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.6 to 2.9), dyspnoea (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.3), although the prevalence of underlying asthma and heart disease was similar. Twice as many in the exposed population had two or more symptoms from nose, eyes or upper-respiratory tract (24% vs 13%, p<0.001); these individuals were also more likely to experience psychological morbidity (OR 4.7; 95% CI 3.4 to 6.5) compared with individuals with no symptoms. Most symptoms exhibited a dose-response pattern within the exposed population, corresponding to low, medium and high exposure to the eruption.

    CONCLUSIONS: 6-9 months after the Eyjafjallajökull eruption, residents living in the exposed area, particularly those closest to the volcano, had markedly increased prevalence of various physical symptoms. A portion of the exposed population reported multiple symptoms and may be at risk for long-term physical and psychological morbidity. Studies of long-term consequences are therefore warranted.

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  • 27.
    Carlsen, Hanne Krage
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Modig, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Levinsson, Anna
    Kim, Jeong-Lim
    Toren, Kjell
    Nyberg, Fredrik
    Olin, Anna-Carin
    Exposure to traffic and lung function in adults: a general population cohort study2015In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 5, no 6, article id e007624Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To investigate the association between living near dense traffic and lung function in a cohort of adults from a single urban region. Design: Cross-sectional results from a cohort study. Setting: The adult-onset asthma and exhaled nitric oxide (ADONIX) cohort, sampled during 2001-2008 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Exposure was expressed as the distance from participants' residential address to the nearest road with dense traffic (>10 000 vehicles per day) or very dense traffic (>30 000 vehicles per day). The exposure categories were: low (>500 m; reference), medium (75-500 m) or high (<75 m). Participants: The source population was a population-based cohort of adults (n=6153). The study population included 5441 participants of European descent with good quality spirometry and information about all outcomes and covariates. Outcome measures: Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were measured at a clinical examination. The association with exposure was examined using linear regression adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status and education in all participants and stratified by sex, smoking status and respiratory health status. Results: We identified a significant dose-response trend between exposure category and FEV1 (p=0.03) and borderline significant trend for FVC (p=0.06) after adjusting for covariates. High exposure was associated with lower FEV1 (-1.0%, 95% CI -2.5% to 0.5%) and lower FVC (-0.9%, 95% CI -2.2% to 0.4%). The effect appeared to be stronger in women. In highly exposed individuals with current asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FVC was lower (-4.5%, 95% CI -8.8% to -0.1%). Conclusions: High traffic exposure at the residential address was associated with lower than predicted FEV1 and FVC lung function compared with living further away in a large general population cohort. There were particular effects on women and individuals with obstructive disease.

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  • 28. Carlsson, Ylva
    et al.
    Bergman, Lina
    Zaigham, Mehreen
    Linden, Karolina
    Andersson, Ola
    Veje, Malin
    Sandström, Anna
    Wikström, Anna-Karin
    Östling, Hanna
    Fadl, Helena
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Blomberg, Marie
    Brismar Wendel, Sophia
    Åden, Ulrika
    Sengpiel, Verena
    COVID-19 in Pregnancy and Early Childhood (COPE): Study protocol for a prospective, multicentre biobank, survey and database cohort study2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 9, article id e049376Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: There is limited knowledge on how the SARS-CoV-2 affects pregnancy outcomes. Studies investigating the impact of COVID-19 in early pregnancy are scarce and information on long-term follow-up is lacking.The purpose of this project is to study the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes and long-term maternal and child health by: (1) establishing a database and biobank from pregnant women with COVID-19 and presumably non-infected women and their infants and (2) examining how women and their partners experience pregnancy, childbirth and early parenthood in the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Methods and analysis: This is a national, multicentre, prospective cohort study involving 27 Swedish maternity units accounting for over 86 000 deliveries/year. Pregnant women are included when they: (1) test positive for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 group) or (2) are non-infected and seek healthcare at one of their routine antenatal visits (screening group). Blood, as well as other biological samples, are collected at different time points during and after pregnancy. Child health up to 4 years of age and parent experience of pregnancy, delivery, early parenthood, healthcare and society in general will be examined using web-based questionnaires based on validated instruments. Short- and long-term health outcomes will be collected from Swedish health registers and the parents' experiences will be studied by performing qualitative interviews.

    Ethics and dissemination: Confidentiality aspects such as data encryption and storage comply with the General Data Protection Regulation and with ethical committee requirements. This study has been granted national ethical approval by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (dnr 2020-02189 and amendments 2020-02848, 2020-05016, 2020-06696 and 2021-00870) and national biobank approval by the Biobank Väst (dnr B2000526:970). Results from the project will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

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  • 29.
    Chmielewska, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Chmielewski, Grzegorz
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Lewandowski, Zbigniew
    Szajewska, Hania
    Effect of iron supplementation on psychomotor development of non-anaemic, exclusively or predominantly breastfed infants: a randomised, controlled trial2015In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 5, no 11, article id e009441Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Uncertainty exists regarding the effects of iron supplementation during infancy on neurodevelopmental outcomes in the absence of anaemia. The aim of the study is to establish whether psychomotor and mental development is influenced by early iron supplementation in healthy, non-anaemic, exclusively or predominantly breastfed infants.

    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Healthy term infants will be recruited. If exclusively or predominantly breast fed (>50% of daily feedings) and not anaemic at 4 months, they will be randomised to receive either iron pyrophosphate (approximately 1 mg/kg) or placebo daily until 9 months of age. The primary outcome measure is neurodevelopment assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) at 12 months, and repeated at 24 and 36 months of age. Haematological parameters of iron metabolism also will be measured.

    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Warsaw approved the study protocol before recruitment started. Study results will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals in the fields of paediatrics and nutrition, and presented at relevant conferences.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02242188.

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  • 30.
    Corvetto, Julia Feriato
    et al.
    Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Federspiel, Andrea
    Private Psychiatric Hospital, Meiringen, Switzerland; Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
    Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Müller, Thomas
    Private Psychiatric Hospital, Meiringen, Switzerland; Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
    Bunker, Aditi
    Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Sauerborn, Rainer
    Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Impact of heat on mental health emergency visits: a time series study from all public emergency centres, in Curitiba, Brazil2023In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 13, no 12, article id e079049Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Quantify the risk of mental health (MH)-related emergency department visits (EDVs) due to heat, in the city of Curitiba, Brazil.

    Design: Daily time series analysis, using quasi-Poisson combined with distributed lag non-linear model on EDV for MH disorders, from 2017 to 2021.

    Setting: All nine emergency centres from the public health system, in Curitiba.

    Participants: 101 452 EDVs for MH disorders and suicide attempts over 5 years, from patients residing inside the territory of Curitiba.

    Main outcome measure: Relative risk of EDV (RR EDV) due to extreme mean temperature (24.5°C, 99th percentile) relative to the median (18.02°C), controlling for long-term trends, air pollution and humidity, and measuring effects delayed up to 10 days.

    Results: Extreme heat was associated with higher single-lag EDV risk of RR EDV 1.03(95% CI 1.01 to 1.05 - single-lag 2), and cumulatively of RR EDV 1.15 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.26 - lag-cumulative 0-6). Strong risk was observed for patients with suicide attempts (RR EDV 1.85, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.16) and neurotic disorders (RR EDV 1.18, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.31). As to demographic subgroups, females (RR EDV 1.20, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.34) and patients aged 18-64 (RR EDV 1.18, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.30) were significantly endangered. Extreme heat resulted in lower risks of EDV for patients with organic disorders (RR EDV 0.60, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.89), personality disorders (RR EDV 0.48, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.91) and MH in general in the elderly ≥65 (RR EDV 0.77, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.98). We found no significant RR EDV among males and patients aged 0-17.

    Conclusion: The risk of MH-related EDV due to heat is elevated for the entire study population, but very differentiated by subgroups. This opens avenue for adaptation policies in healthcare: such as monitoring populations at risk and establishing an early warning systems to prevent exacerbation of MH episodes and to reduce suicide attempts. Further studies are welcome, why the reported risk differences occur and what, if any, role healthcare seeking barriers might play.

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  • 31.
    Cronström, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation. Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Ageberg, Eva
    Häger, Charlotte
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Does sensorimotor function predict graft rupture, contra-lateral injury or failure to return to sports after ACL reconstruction?: A protocol for the STOP Graft Rupture study2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, article id e042031Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: People with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) are at high risk of sustaining a graft rupture and/or contra-lateral ACL injury. The main factors that may predispose individuals for subsequent ACL injuries are, however, not established. To reduce the risk of reinjuries, it is of particular interest to identify modifiable risk-factors, for instance, those related to sensorimotor control which are responsive to training. The aim of the current study protocol is to present the design of our prospective cohort study STOP Graft Rupture investigating sensorimotor function as predictors for graft rupture, contra-lateral ACL injury and/or failure to return to sport (RTS) within 3 years following ACLR.

    Methods and analysis: We aim to recruit 200 individuals (15–35 years, ~50% women) with ACLR from Norrland University Hospital, Umeå and Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Participants will be assessed with a comprehensive test battery for sensorimotor muscle function, including hop performance, muscle strength, muscle activation, hip and ankle range of motion and postural orientation as well as patient-reported function 1 year after ACLR (baseline). For a subgroup of individuals (Umeå cohort), 3D kinematics and joint position sense will also be evaluated. At follow-up (≥3 years post-ACLR), the participants will be asked to answer questions related to new ACL injuries to either knee and about RTS. Separate logistic regression models, adjusting for possible confounders, will be used to evaluate the influence of the different sensorimotor predictors on the prospective outcomes (graft rupture, contra-lateral ACL injury, RTS).

    Ethics and dissemination: This study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Board (Dnr 2016/319 and Dnr 2019-04037). The results will be published in international peer-reviewed scientific journals and presented at clinical and scientific congresses.

    Trial registration number: NCT04162613.

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  • 32. Dantoft, Thomas M.
    et al.
    Skovbjerg, Sine
    Andersson, Linus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Sweden.
    Claeson, Anna-Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Engkilde, Kaare
    Lind, Nina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Nordin, Steven
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Hellgren, Lars I.
    Gene expression profiling in persons with multiple chemical sensitivity before and after a controlled n-butanol exposure session2017In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 7, no 2, article id e013879Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To investigate the pathophysiological pathways leading to symptoms elicitation in multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) by comparing gene expression in MCS participants and healthy controls before and after a chemical exposure optimised to cause symptoms among MCS participants. The first hypothesis was that unexposed and symptom=-free MCS participants have similar gene expression patterns to controls and a second hypothesis that MCS participants can be separated from controls based on differential gene expression upon a controlled n=-butanol exposure.

    Design: Participants were exposed to 3.7 ppm n-butanol while seated in a windowed exposure chamber for 60 min. A total of 26 genes involved in biochemical pathways found in the literature have been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of MCS and other functional somatic syndromes were selected. Expression levels were compared between MCS and controls before, within 15 min after being exposed to and 4 hours after the exposure.

    Settings: Participants suffering from MCS and healthy controls were recruited through advertisement at public places and in a local newspaper.

    Participants: 36 participants who considered themselves sensitive were prescreened for eligibility. 18 sensitive persons fulfilling the criteria for MCS were enrolled together with 18 healthy controls.

    Outcome measures: 17 genes showed sufficient transcriptional level for analysis. Group comparisons were conducted for each gene at the 3 times points and for the computed area under the curve (AUC) expression levels.

    Results: MCS participants and controls displayed similar gene expression levels both at baseline and after the exposure and the computed AUC values were likewise comparable between the 2 groups. The intragroup variation in expression levels among MCS participants was noticeably greater than the controls.

    Conclusions: MCS participants and controls have similar gene expression levels at baseline and it was not possible to separate MCS participants from controls based on gene expression measured after the exposure.

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  • 33.
    de Man Lapidoth, Julia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Hultdin, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Jonsson, Andreas P.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Eriksson Svensson, Maria
    Renal Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Zeller, Tanja
    Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Seite, Hamburg, Germany.
    Söderberg, Stefan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Trends in renal function in Northern Sweden 1986-2014: data from the seven cross-sectional surveys within the Northern Sweden MONICA study2023In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 13, no 8, article id e072664Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally, and CKD is closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). CKD and CVD share several risk factors (RF), such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity and smoking, and the prevalence of these RF has changed during the last decades, and we aimed to study the effect on renal function over time.

    Design: Repeated cross-sectional population-based studies.

    Setting: The two Northern counties (Norr- and Västerbotten) in Sweden.

    Participants: Within the MONitoring Trends and Determinants of CArdiovascular Disease (MONICA) study, seven surveys were performed between 1986 and 2014, including participants aged 25-64 years (n=10 185).

    Interventions: None.

    Measures: Information on anthropometry, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors was collected. Creatinine and cystatin C were analysed in stored blood samples and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using the creatinine-based Lund-Malmö revised and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (eGFR crea) equations as well as the cystatin C-based Caucasian, Asian, Paediatric and Adult cohort (CAPA) equation (eGFR cysC). Renal function over time was analysed using univariable and multivariable linear regression models.

    Results: Renal function, both eGFR crea and eGFR cysC, decreased over time (both p<0.001) and differed between counties and sexes. In a multivariable analysis, study year remained inversely associated with both eGFR crea and eGFR cysC (both p<0.001) after adjustment for classical cardiovascular RF.

    Conclusion: Renal function has deteriorated in Northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014.

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  • 34. Edem, Idara J.
    et al.
    Dare, Anna J.
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    D'Ambruoso, Lucia
    Kahn, Kathleen
    Leather, Andy J. M.
    Tollman, Stephen
    Whitaker, John
    Davies, Justine
    External injuries, trauma and avoidable deaths in Agincourt, South Africa: a retrospective observational and qualitative study2019In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 9, no 6, article id e027576Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Injury burden is highest in low-income and middle-income countries. To reduce avoidable deaths, it is necessary to identify health system deficiencies preventing timely, quality care. We developed criteria to use verbal autopsy (VA) data to identify avoidable deaths and associated health system deficiencies.

    Setting: Agincourt, a rural Bushbuckridge municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.

    Participants: Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System and healthcare providers (HCPs) from local hospitals.

    Methods: A literature review to explore definitions of avoidable deaths after trauma and barriers to access to care using the ‘three delays framework’ (seeking, reaching and receiving care) was performed. Based on these definitions, this study developed criteria, applicable for use with VA data, for identifying avoidable death and which of the three delays contributed to avoidable deaths. These criteria were then applied retrospectively to the VA-defined category external injury deaths (EIDs—a subset of which are trauma deaths) from 2012 to 2015. The findings were validated by external expert review. Key informant interviews (KIIs) with HCPs were performed to further explore delays to care.

    Results: Using VA data, avoidable death was defined with a focus on survivability, using level of consciousness at the scene and ability to seek care as indicators. Of 260 EIDs (189 trauma deaths), there were 104 (40%) avoidable EIDs and 78 (30%) avoidable trauma deaths (41% of trauma deaths). Delay in receiving care was the largest contributor to avoidable EIDs (61%) and trauma deaths (59%), followed by delay in seeking care (24% and 23%) and in reaching care (15% and 18%). KIIs revealed context-specific factors contributing to the third delay, including difficult referral systems.

    Conclusions: A substantial proportion of EIDs and trauma deaths were avoidable, mainly occurring due to facility-based delays in care. Interventions, including strengthening referral networks, may substantially reduce trauma deaths.

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  • 35.
    Ekblom-Bak, Elin
    et al.
    Department of Physical Activity and Health, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Gih, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Börjesson, Mats
    Center for Health and Performance, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Ekblom, Örjan
    Department of Physical Activity and Health, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Gih, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Angerås, Oskar
    Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Bergman, Frida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Berntsson, Caroline
    Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Carlhäll, Carl-Johan
    Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and Department of Clinical Physiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Engström, Gunnar
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Engvall, Jan
    Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and Department of Clinical Physiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Fagman, Erika
    Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Flinck, Agneta
    Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Johansson, Peter
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Jujic, Amra
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.
    Kero, Tanja
    Medical Image Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences and Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Lind, Lars
    Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Mannila, Maria
    Department of Cardiology and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ostenfeld, Ellen
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Persson, Anders
    Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Persson, Jonas
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Persson, Margaretha
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    Redfors, Björn
    Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sandberg, Camilla
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Wennberg, Patrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Öhlin, Jerry
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Östgren, Carl Johan
    Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Jernberg, Tomas
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Accelerometer derived physical activity and subclinical coronary and carotid atherosclerosis: cross-sectional analyses in 22 703 middle-aged men and women in the SCAPIS study2023In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 13, no 11, article id e073380Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: The aim included investigation of the associations between sedentary (SED), low-intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids and the estimated difference in prevalence by theoretical reallocation of time in different PA behaviours.

    Design: Cross-sectional.

    Setting: Multisite study at university hospitals.

    Participants: A total of 22 670 participants without cardiovascular disease (51% women, 57.4 years, SD 4.3) from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage study were included. SED, LIPA and MVPA were assessed by hip-worn accelerometer.

    Primary and secondary outcomes: Any and significant subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (CA), Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) and carotid atherosclerosis (CarA) were derived from imaging data from coronary CT angiography and carotid ultrasound.

    Results: High daily SED (>70% ≈10.5 hours/day) associated with a higher OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.91), for significant CA, and with lower OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.95), for significant CarA. High LIPA (>55% ≈8 hours/day) associated with lower OR for significant CA 0.70 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.96), and CACS, 0.71 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.97), but with higher OR for CarA 1.41 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.76). MVPA above reference level, >2% ≈20 min/day, associated with lower OR for significant CA (OR range 0.61-0.67), CACS (OR range 0.71-0.75) and CarA (OR range 0.72-0.79). Theoretical replacement of 30 min of SED into an equal amount of MVPA associated with lower OR for significant CA, especially in participants with high SED 0.84 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) or low MVPA 0.51 (0.36 to 0.73).

    Conclusions: MVPA was associated with a lower risk for significant atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids, while the association varied in strength and direction for SED and LIPA, respectively. If causal, clinical implications include avoiding high levels of daily SED and low levels of MVPA to reduce the risk of developing significant subclinical atherosclerosis.

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  • 36.
    Ekman, Nina
    et al.
    Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Deparment of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
    Moons, Philip
    Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Deparment of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
    Taft, Charles
    Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Boström, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Fors, Andreas
    Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Observable indicators of person-centred care: an interview study with patients, relatives and professionals2022In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 12, no 4, article id e059308Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To identify key observable indicators of person-centred care (PCC) from interviews with patients, relatives and professionals with experience of receiving or working with PCC.

    DESIGN: A qualitative interview study using deductive content analysis.

    SETTING: Primary and hospital care settings in Western Sweden.

    PARTICIPANTS: Twelve participants with extensive experience of receiving or working with PCC were interviewed: two patients, two patients representative with long-term conditions, one relative and informal carer, three registered nurses, one physician, two occupational therapists and one social worker/researcher.

    RESULTS: Nine observable indicators were identified and subsumed under three predetermined categories: initiating, working and safeguarding the partnership. The first category comprised three subcategories: welcoming, interested and courteous reception; agreeing on structure and aims of the conversation; and eliciting patients' wishes for involvement of significant others. The second category comprised four subcategories: attentive, empathic and encouraging manner; promoting mutual understanding; promoting patient engagement; and encouraging and friendly body language. The last category consisted of two subcategories: collaboration and transparency in documentation and verifying that patient's and professional's views, goals and wants are correctly documented.

    CONCLUSION: Our results underline the need for health professionals to actively and conscientiously convey to patients their interest in and respect for the patient as a person and their willingness to collaborate as partners in their care from the very outset of the interaction. Non-verbal behaviours were seen to play a major role in shaping patients' impressions of health professionals. Given that patients' first impressions were considered to impact the content, course and outcomes of the interaction, more research attention should be given to their implications for the effective delivery of PCC.

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  • 37. Ekstrom, Magnus
    et al.
    Gustafson, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Boman, Kurt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Nilsson, Kenneth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Tornling, Goran
    Murgia, Nicola
    Toren, Kjell
    Effects of smoking, gender and occupational exposure on the risk of severe pulmonary fibrosis: a population-based case-control study2014In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 4, no 1, p. e004018-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To estimate the effects of smoking, gender and occupational exposure on the risk of developing severe pulmonary fibrosis (PF), including dose-response and interaction effects. Methods: National case-control study of 171 patients (cases) who had started a long-term oxygen therapy for PF in Sweden between February 1997 and April 2000, and 719 random control participants from the general population. Of these cases, 137 had probable idiopathic PF (IPF). The ORs for smoking, gender and occupational exposure were estimated using Mantel-Haenszel analysis and conditional logistic regression, controlling for age and year of diagnosis. Results: The adverse effect of smoking was amplified by male gender and occupational exposure, OR 4.6 (95% CI 2.1 to 10.3) for PF, and OR 3.0 (1.3 to 6.5) for IPF, compared with in non-exposed women. Higher cumulative smoking exposure was linearly associated with increased risks. Compared with smoking less than 10 pack-years, smoking >= 20 pack-years was associated with increased risk of PF and IPF, OR 2.6 (1.4 to 4.9) and OR 2.5 (1.3 to 5.0), respectively. Conclusions: Smoking has a dose-related association with increased risk of severe PF. Men with a history of smoking and occupational exposure is a particular risk group for developing severe PF.

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  • 38. Ekström, Nils
    et al.
    Cederholm, Jan
    Zethelius, Björn
    Eliasson, Björn
    Fhärm, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Rolandsson, Olov
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Miftaraj, Mervete
    Svensson, Ann-Marie
    Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia
    Aspirin treatment and risk of first incident cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study from the Swedish National Diabetes Register2013In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 3, no 4, p. e002688-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives To investigate the benefits and risks associated with aspirin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and no previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) in clinical practice. Design Population-based cohort study between 2005 and 2009, mean follow-up 3.9years. Setting Hospital outpatient clinics and primary care in Sweden. Participants Men and women with type 2 diabetes, free from CVD, including atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure, at baseline, registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Register, with continuous low-dose aspirin treatment (n=4608) or no aspirin treatment (n=14038). Main outcome measures Risks of CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, mortality and bleedings, associated with aspirin compared with no aspirin, were analysed in all patients and in subgroups by gender and estimated cardiovascular risk. Propensity scores were used to adjust for several baseline risk factors and characteristics at Cox regression, and the effect of unknown covariates was evaluated in a sensitivity analysis. Results There was no association between aspirin use and beneficial effects on risks of CVD or death. Rather, there was an increased risk of non-fatal/fatal CHD associated with aspirin; HR 1.19 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.41), p=0.04. The increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes associated with aspirin was seen when analysing women separately; HR 1.41 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.87), p=0.02, and HR 1.28 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.61), p=0.04, for CHD and CVD, respectively, but not for men separately. There was a trend towards increased risk of a composite of bleedings associated with aspirin, n=157; HR 1.41 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.99). Conclusions The results support the trend towards more restrictive use of aspirin in patients with type 2 diabetes and no previous CVD. More research is needed to explore the differences in aspirin's effects in women and men.

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  • 39.
    Engdahl, Johan
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Straat, Kajsa
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Isaksson, Eva
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Rooth, Elisabeth
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Svennberg, Emma
    Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Norrving, Bo
    Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Euler, Mia Von
    School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Örebro Universitet, Örebro, Örebro, Sweden.
    Hellqvist, Kjersti
    Department of Medicine, Alingsas Lasarett, Alingsas, Sweden.
    Gu, Weigang
    Department of Clinical Sciences, South Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ström, Jakob O
    School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Örebro Universitet, Örebro, Örebro, Sweden.
    Själander, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Eriksson, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Åsberg, Signild
    Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Wester, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine. Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Multicentre, national, investigator-initiated, randomised, parallel-group, register-based superiority trial to compare extended ECG monitoring versus standard ECG monitoring in elderly patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack and the effect on stroke, death and intracerebral bleeding: the AF SPICE protocol2023In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 13, no 11, article id e073470Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA), and AF detection can be challenged by asymptomatic and paroxysmal presentation. Long-term ECG monitoring after ischaemic stroke or TIA is recommended by all major societies in cardiology and cerebrovascular medicine as a secondary prophylactic measure. However, data on stroke reduction are lacking, and the recommendations show significant diversity.

    Methods and analysis: AF SPICE is a multicentre, national, investigator-initiated, randomised, parallel-group, register-based trial comparing extended ECG monitoring versus standard ECG monitoring in patients admitted with ischaemic stroke or TIA, with a composite endpoint of stroke, all-cause-mortality and intracerebral bleeding. Patients aged ≥70 years without previous AF will be randomised 1:1 to control (standard ECG monitoring) or intervention (extended ECG monitoring). In the control arm, patients will undergo 48±24 hours (ie, a range of 24-72 hours) of continuous ECG monitoring according to national recommendations. In the intervention arm, patients will undergo 14+14 days of continuous ECG monitoring 3 months apart using an ECG patch device, which will provide an easy-accessed, well-tolerated 14-day continuous ECG recording. All ECG patch recordings will be read in a core facility. In cases of AF detection, oral anticoagulation will be recommended if not contraindicated. A pilot phase has been concluded in 2022, which will transcend into the main trial during 2023-2026, including approximately 30 stroke units. The sample size was calculated to be 3262 patients. The primary outcome will be collected from register data during a 36-month follow-up.

    Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been provided by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority, reference 2021-02770. The trial will be conducted according to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and national regulatory standards. Positive results from the study have the potential for rapid dissemination in clinical practice.

    Trial registration number: NCT05134454.

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  • 40.
    Enochsson, Lars
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Sunderby Research Unit, Luleå.
    Blohm, My
    Sandblom, Gabriel
    Jonas, Eduard
    Hallerbäck, Bengt
    Lundell, Lars
    Österberg, Johanna
    Inversed relationship between completeness of follow-up and coverage of postoperative complications in gallstone surgery and ERCP: a potential source of bias in patient registers2018In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 8, no 1, article id e019551Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To analyse the completeness in GallRiks of the follow-up frequency in relation to the intraoperative and postoperative outcome.

    Design: Population-based register study.

    Setting: Data from the national Swedish Registry for Gallstone Surgery and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), GallRiks.

    Population: All cholecystectomies and ERCPs recorded in GallRiks between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2014.

    Main outcome measures: Outcomes for intraprocedural as well as postprocedural adverse events between units with either a 30-day follow-up of AO% compared with those with a less frequent follow-up (<90%).

    Results: Between 2006 and 2014, 162 212 cholecystectomies and ERCP procedures were registered in GallRiks. After the exclusion of non-index procedures and those with incomplete data 152 827 procedures remained for final analyses. In patients having a cholecystectomy, there were no differences regarding the adverse event rates, irrespective of the follow-up frequency. However, in the more complicated endoscopic ERCP procedures, the postoperative adverse event rates were significantly higher in those with a more frequent and complete 30-day follow-up (OR 1.92; 95% Cl 1.76 to 2.11).

    Conclusions: Differences in the follow-up frequency in registries affect the reported outcomes as exemplified by the complicated endoscopic ERCP procedures. A high and complete follow-up rate shall serve as an additional quality indicator for surgical registries.

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  • 41.
    Fagevik Olsén, Monika
    et al.
    Department of Health and Rehabilitation/Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Sehlin, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Westerdahl, Elisabeth
    University Health Care Research Center, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Schandl, Anna
    Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Sweden.
    Block, Linda
    Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Nygren-Bonnier, Malin
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institute, Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Svensson-Raskh, Anna
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institute, Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    First mobilisation after abdominal and cardiothoracic surgery: when is it actually performed? a national, multicentre, cross-sectional study2024In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 14, no 2, article id e082239Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Knowledge of clinical practice regarding mobilisation after surgery is lacking. This study therefore aimed to reveal current mobilisation routines after abdominal and cardiothoracic surgery and to identify factors associated with mobilisation within 6 hours postoperatively.

    Design: A prospective observational national multicentre study.

    Setting: 18 different hospitals in Sweden.

    Participants: 1492 adult patients undergoing abdominal and cardiothoracic surgery with duration of anaesthesia>2 hours.

    Primary and secondary outcomes: Primary outcome was time to first postoperative mobilisation. Secondary outcomes were the type and duration of the first mobilisation. Data were analysed using multivariate logistic regression and general structural equation modelling, and data are presented as ORs with 95% CIs.

    Results: Among the included patients, 52% were mobilised to at least sitting on the edge of the bed within 6 hours, 70% within 12 hours and 96% within 24 hours. Besides sitting on the edge of the bed, 76% stood up by the bed and 22% were walking away from the bedside the first time they were mobilised. Patients undergoing major upper abdominal surgery required the longest time before mobilisation with an average time of 11 hours post surgery. Factors associated with increased likelihood of mobilisation within 6 hours of surgery were daytime arrival at the postoperative recovery unit (OR: 5.13, 95% CI: 2.16 to 12.18), anaesthesia <4 hours (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.40) and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) classification 1-2, (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.36).

    Conclusions: In total, 96% if the patients were mobilised within 24 hours after surgery and 52% within 6 hours. Daytime arrival at the postoperative recovery unit, low ASA classification and shorter duration of anaesthesia were associated with a shorter time to mobilisation.

    Trial registration number: FoU, Forskning och Utveckling in VGR, Vastra Gotaland Region (Id:275357) and Clinical Trials (NCT04729634).

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  • 42.
    Fares, Zine.El.Abiddine
    et al.
    Psychological and Educational Research Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Djillali Liabes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria.
    Al-Tammemi, Ala'a B.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
    F. Gadelrab, Hesham
    Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait; Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
    Lin, Chung-Ying
    Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
    Aljaberi, Musheer A.
    Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen; Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Serdang, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Lincoln University College, Selangor, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.
    Alhuwailah, Amthal
    Department of Psychology, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
    Roubi, Mohammed Lakder
    Department of Psychology, Al Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia.
    Arabic COVID-19 Psychological Distress Scale: Development and initial validation2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 6, article id e046006Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To develop a psychometrically reliable instrument to assess psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic across Arab countries.

    Design: The new instrument was developed through the review of relevant literature. We adapted multiple items from the following tools: The Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Social Phobia Inventory, Health Anxiety Inventory, Swine Influenza Anxiety Scale and the Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety to design our new assessment tool which is called COVID-19 Psychological Distress Scale (CPDS). For psychometric analyses and validation, we conducted a cross-sectional study that solicited data through a web-based survey using the newly developed CPDS.

    Setting and participants: This validation study was conducted in four Arab countries, including Algeria, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. A total of 1337 participants from these countries have voluntarily responded to our survey questionnaire that included the newly developed scale.

    Results: The final version of the CPDS comprised 12 items. Participants from Algeria (n=447), Kuwait (n=437), Saudi Arabia (n=160) and Yemen (n=293) have completed the 12-item CPDS. Exploratory factor analysis (used on the Algerian sample) suggested a two-factor structure of the CPDS. The two-factor structure was then supported by the confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample. Additionally, Rasch analyses showed that all the items fit well in their embedded construct; only one item showed somewhat substantial differential item functioning across gender and country.

    Conclusion: The 12-item CPDS was found to be measurement invariant across country and gender. The CPDS, with its promising psychometric properties, might help healthcare professionals to identify people with COVID-19-induced psychological distress.

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  • 43. Feldman, Inna
    et al.
    Eurenius, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Häggström, Jenny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Sampaio, Filipa
    Lindkvist, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Pulkki-Brannstrom, Anni-Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Ivarsson, Anneli
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Salut Programme: a universal health promotion intervention for parents and children-protocol of a register-based retrospective observational study2016In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 6, no 8, article id e011202Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: There is inadequate evidence for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of health promotion interventions. The Salut Programme aims to reach all parents and children in the Vasterbotten County of Sweden with a combination of health promotion interventions initiated during pregnancy and continued over the childhood period. This study protocol describes an effectiveness study and an economic evaluation study, where the ongoing Salut Programme is compared to care-as-usual over the periods of pregnancy, delivery and the child's first 2 years of life. Methods: A register-based retrospective observational study design will be used with existing data sources with respect to exposures and outcomes. Outcomes of interest are clustered at 3 points: around the child's birth, 1 month after the child's birth and 2 years after the child's birth. We will simulate an experiment by retrospectively identifying and comparing children and their parents in the geographical areas where the Salut Programme was implemented since 2006 and onwards, and the areas where the Programme was not implemented before 2009. Outcomes will be analysed and compared for the premeasure period, and the postmeasure period for both groups. Our analysis combines difference-in-difference estimation with matching. A complementary analysis will be carried out on the longitudinal subsample of mothers who gave birth at least once during each of the time periods. The economic evaluation aims to capture the wider societal costs and benefits of the Salut Programme for the first 2 years of the children's lives. Incremental costs will be compared with incremental health gains and the results will be presented as a cost-consequence analysis. Ethics and dissemination: The Regional Ethical Review Board in Umea has given clearance for the Salut Programme research (2010-63-31M). No individual's identity will be revealed when presenting results. This study will provide information that can guide decision-makers to allocate resources optimally.

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  • 44. Fernandes, Michelle
    et al.
    Villar, José
    Stein, Alan
    Staines Urias, Eleonora
    Garza, Cutberto
    Victora, Cesar G.
    Barros, Fernando C.
    Bertino, Enrico
    Purwar, Manorama
    Carvalho, Maria
    Giuliani, Francesca
    Wulff, Katharina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Abubakar, Amina A.
    Kihara, Michael
    Cheikh Ismail, Leila
    Aranzeta, Luis
    Albernaz, Elaine
    Kunnawar, Naina
    Di Nicola, Paola
    Ochieng, Roseline
    Sandells, Tamsin
    Savini, Sandy
    Temple, Sophie
    Murray, Elizabeth
    Ohuma, Eric O.
    Gravett, Michael G.
    Pang, Ruyan
    Jaffer, Yasmine A.
    Noble, Julia Alison
    Winsey, Adele
    Lambert, Ann
    Papageorghiou, Aris T.
    Bhutta, Zulfiqar
    Kennedy, Stephen
    INTERGROWTH-21st Project international INTER-NDA standards for child development at 2 years of age: an international prospective population-based study2020In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 10, no 6, article id e035258Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To describe the construction of the international INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA) standards for child development at 2 years by reporting the cognitive, language, motor and behaviour outcomes in optimally healthy and nourished children in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.

    Design: Population-based cohort study, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.

    Setting: Brazil, India, Italy, Kenya and the UK.

    Participants: 1181 children prospectively recruited from early fetal life according to the prescriptive WHO approach, and confirmed to be at low risk of adverse perinatal and postnatal outcomes.

    Primary measures: Scaled INTER-NDA domain scores for cognition, language, fine and gross motor skills and behaviour; vision outcomes measured on the Cardiff tests; attentional problems and emotional reactivity measured on the respective subscales of the preschool Child Behaviour Checklist; and the age of acquisition of the WHO gross motor milestones.

    Results: Scaled INTER-NDA domain scores are presented as centiles, which were constructed according to the prescriptive WHO approach and excluded children born preterm and those with significant postnatal/neurological morbidity. For all domains, except negative behaviour, higher scores reflect better outcomes and the threshold for normality was defined as >= 10th centile. For the INTER-NDA's cognitive, fine motor, gross motor, language and positive behaviour domains these are >= 38.5, >= 25.7, >= 51.7, >= 17.8 and >= 51.4, respectively. The threshold for normality for the INTER-NDA's negative behaviour domain is <= 50.0, that is, <= 90th centile. At 22-30 months of age, the cohort overlapped with the WHO motor milestone centiles, showed low postnatal morbidity (<10%), and vision outcomes, attentional problems and emotional reactivity scores within the respective normative ranges.

    Conclusions: From this large, healthy and well-nourished, international cohort, we have constructed, using the WHO prescriptive methodology, international INTER-NDA standards for child development at 2 years of age. Standards, rather than references, are recommended for population-level screening and the identification of children at risk of adverse outcomes.

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  • 45. Finnbjornsdottir, Ragnhildur Gudrun
    et al.
    Oudin, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Elvarsson, Bjarki Thor
    Gislason, Thorarinn
    Rafnsson, Vilhjalmur
    Hydrogen sulfide and traffic-related air pollutants in association with increased mortality: a case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland2015In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 5, no 4, article id e007272Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To study the association between daily mortality and short-term increases in air pollutants, both traffic-related and the geothermal source-specific hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

    DESIGN: Population-based, time stratified case-crossover. A lag time to 4 days was considered. Seasonal, gender and age stratification were calculated. Also, the best-fit lag when introducing H2S >7 µg/m(3) was selected by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC).

    SETTING: The population of the greater Reykjavik area (n=181 558) during 2003-2009.

    PARTICIPANTS: Cases were defined as individuals living in the Reykjavik capital area, 18 years or older (N=138 657), who died due to all natural causes (ICD-10 codes A00-R99) other than injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, or cardiovascular disease (ICD-10 codes I00-I99) during the study period.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Percentage increases in risk of death (IR%) following an interquartile range increase in pollutants.

    RESULTS: The total number of deaths due to all natural causes was 7679 and due to cardiovascular diseases was 3033. The interquartile range increased concentrations of H2S (2.6 µg/m(3)) were associated with daily all natural cause mortality in the Reykjavik capital area. The IR% was statistically significant during the summer season (lag 1: IR%=5.05, 95% CI 0.61 to 9.68; lag 2: IR%=5.09, 95% CI 0.44 to 9.97), among males (lag 0: IR%=2.26, 95% CI 0.23 to 4.44), and among the elderly (lag 0: IR%=1.94, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.04; lag 1: IR%=1.99, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.04), when adjusted for traffic-related pollutants and meteorological variables. The traffic-related pollutants were generally not associated with statistical significant IR%s.

    CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that ambient H2S air pollution may increase mortality in Reykjavik, Iceland. To the best of our knowledge, ambient H2S exposure has not previously been associated with increased mortality in population-based studies and therefore the results should be interpreted with caution. Further studies are warranted to confirm or refute whether H2S exposure induces premature deaths.

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  • 46.
    Fredriksson Sundbom, Marcus
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Sangfelt, Amalia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Lindgren, Emma
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Nyström, Helena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Johansson, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Brändstrom, Helge
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Haney, Michael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Respiratory and circulatory insufficiency during emergent long-distance critical care interhospital transports to tertiary care in a sparsely populated region: a retrospective analysis of late mortality risk2022In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 12, no 2, article id e051217Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To test if impaired oxygenation or major haemodynamic instability at the time of emergency intensive care transport, from a smaller admitting hospital to a tertiary care centre, are predictors of long-term mortality.

    Design: Retrospective observational study. Impaired oxygenation was defined as oxyhaemoglobin %–inspired oxygen fraction ratio (S/F ratio)<100. Major haemodynamic instability was defined as a need for treatment with norepinephrine infusion to sustain mean arterial pressure (MAP) at or above 60 mm Hg or having a mean MAP <60. Logistic regression was used to assess mortality risk with impaired oxygenation or major haemodynamic instability.

    Setting: Sparsely populated Northern Sweden. A fixed-wing interhospital air ambulance system for critical care serving 900 000 inhabitants.

    Participants: Intensive care cases transported in fixed-wing air ambulance from outlying hospitals to a regional tertiary care centre during 2000–2016 for adults (16 years old or older). 2142 cases were included.

    Primary and secondary outcome measures: All-cause mortality at 3 months after transport was the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality at 1 and 7 days, 1, 6 and 12 months.

    Results: S/F ratio <100 was associated with increased mortality risk compared with S/F>300 at all time-points, with adjusted OR 6.3 (2.5 to 15.5, p<0.001) at 3 months. Major haemodynamic instability during intensive care unit (ICU) transport was associated with increased adjusted OR of all-cause mortality at 3 months with OR 2.5 (1.8 to 3.5, p<0.001).

    Conclusion: Major impairment of oxygenation and/or major haemodynamic instability at the time of ICU transport to get to urgent tertiary intervention is strongly associated with increased mortality risk at 3 months in this cohort. These findings support the conclusion that these conditions are markers for many fold increase in risk for death notable already at 3 months after transport for patients with these conditions.

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  • 47.
    Frykholm, Erik
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy.
    Lima, Vanessa Pereira
    Janaudis-Ferreira, Tania
    Nyberg, Andre
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy.
    Physiological responses to arm versus leg activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review protocol2018In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, BMJ open, Vol. 8, no 2, p. 1-5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Compared with healthy older adults, people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have reduced capacity and increased symptoms during leg and arm activities. While the mechanisms underlying limitations and symptoms during leg activities have been investigated in detail, limitations and symptoms during arm activities are not well understood, and the potential differences between physiological responses of leg and arm activities have not been systematically synthesised. Determining physiological responses and symptoms of arm activities compared with physiological responses and symptoms of leg activities will help us understand the mechanisms behind the difficulties that people with COPD experience when performing physical activities, and determine how exercise training should be prescribed. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to compare the physiological responses and symptoms during activities involving the arms relative to activities involving the legs in people diagnosed with COPD.

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  • 48.
    Ghafouri, Bijar
    et al.
    Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Ernberg, Malin
    Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institute, and the Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Stockholm, Sweden.
    Andréll, Paulin
    Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra, department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pain Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Bäckryd, Emmanuel
    Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Fisher, Marcelo Rivano
    Department of Neurosurgery and Pain Rehabilitation at Skåne University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Freund-Levi, Yvonne
    School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University and department of Geriatrics, University Hospital Örebro, Sweden; Department of geriatrics, Södertälje Hospital, Södertälje, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Grelz, Henrik
    Department of Neurosurgery and Pain Rehabilitation at Skåne University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Gräbel, Olaf
    Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra, department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pain Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Karlsten, Rolf
    Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Kosek, Eva
    Department Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Löfgren, Monika
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ringqvist, Åsa
    Department of Neurosurgery and Pain Rehabilitation at Skåne University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Rudling, Karin
    Department of rehabilitation medicine, University hospital Örebro, Sweden.
    Stålnacke, Britt-Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine. Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sörlén, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Uhlin, Karin
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Westergren, Hans
    Department of Neurosurgery and Pain Rehabilitation at Skåne University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Gerdle, Björn
    Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Swedish Chronic Pain Biobank: protocol for a multicentre registry and biomarker project2022In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 12, no 11, article id e066834Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: About 20% of the adult population have chronic pain, often associated with psychological distress, sick leave and poor health. There are large variations in the clinical picture. A biopsychosocial approach is used in investigation and treatment. The concept of personalised medicine, that is, optimising medication types and dosages for individual patients based on biomarkers and other patient-related factors, has received increasing attention in different diseases but used less in chronic pain. This cooperative project from all Swedish University Hospitals will investigate whether there are changes in inflammation and metabolism patterns in saliva and blood in chronic pain patients and whether the changes correlate with clinical characteristics and rehabilitation outcomes.

    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Patients at multidisciplinary pain centres at University Hospitals in Sweden who have chosen to participate in the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation and healthy sex-matched and age-matched individuals will be included in the study. Saliva and blood samples will be collected in addition to questionnaire data obtained from the register. From the samples, proteins, lipids, metabolites and micro-RNA will be analysed in relation to, for example, diagnosis, pain characteristics, psychological distress, body weight, pharmacological treatment and clinical rehabilitation results using advanced multivariate data analysis and bioinformatics.

    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2021-04929) and will be conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki.The results will be published in open access scientific journals and in popular scientific relevant journals such as those from patient organisations. Data will be also presented in scientific meetings, meeting with healthcare organisations and disseminated in different lecturers at the clinics and universities.

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  • 49. Godbolt, Alison K.
    et al.
    Stenberg, Maud
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine.
    Jakobsson, Jan
    Sorjonen, Kimmo
    Krakau, Karolina
    Stålnacke, Britt-Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine.
    DeBoussard, Catharina Nygren
    Subacute complications during recovery from severe traumatic brain injury: frequency and associations with outcome2015In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 5, no 4, article id e007208Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Medical complications after severe traumatic brain injury (S-TBI) may delay or prevent transfer to rehabilitation units and impact on long-term outcome.

    Objective: Mapping of medical complications in the subacute period after S-TBI and the impact of these complications on 1-year outcome to inform healthcare planning and discussion of prognosis with relatives.

    Setting: Prospective multicentre observational study. Recruitment from 6 neurosurgical centres in Sweden and Iceland.

    Participants and assessments: Patients aged 18-65 years with S-TBI and acute Glasgow Coma Scale 3-8, who were admitted to neurointensive care. Assessment of medical complications 3 weeks and 3 months after injury. Follow-up to 1 year. 114 patients recruited with follow-up at 1 year as follows: 100 assessed, 7 dead and 7 dropped out.

    Outcome measure: Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended.

    Results: 68 patients had >= 1 complication 3 weeks after injury. 3 weeks after injury, factors associated with unfavourable outcome at 1 year were: tracheostomy, assisted ventilation, on-going infection, epilepsy and nutrition via nasogastric tube or percutaneous endoscopic gastroscopy (PEG) tube (univariate logistic regression analyses). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tracheostomy and epilepsy retained significance even after incorporating acute injury severity into the model. 3 months after injury, factors associated with unfavourable outcome were tracheostomy and heterotopic ossification (Fisher's test), infection, hydrocephalus, autonomic instability, PEG feeding and weight loss (univariate logistic regression). PEG feeding and weight loss at 3 months were retained in a multivariate model.

    Conclusions: Subacute complications occurred in two-thirds of patients. Presence of a tracheostomy or epilepsy at 3 weeks, and of PEG feeding and weight loss at 3 months, had robust associations with unfavourable outcome that were incompletely explained by acute injury severity.

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  • 50. Granström, Fredrik
    et al.
    Hedlund, Mattias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Lindström, Britta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Eriksson, Staffan
    Test-retest reliability of the twenty-five-hole peg test in patients who had a stroke2019In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 9, no 12, article id e032560Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Weaknesses of the nine-hole peg test include high floor effects and a result that might be difficult to interpret. In the twenty-five-hole peg test (TFHPT), the larger number of available pegs allows for the straightforward counting of the number of pegs inserted as the result. The TFHPT provides a comprehensible result and low floor effects. The objective was to assess the test-retest reliability of the TFHPT when testing persons with stroke. A particular focus was placed on the absolute reliability, as quantified by the smallest real difference (SRD). Complementary aims were to investigate possible implications for how the TFHPT should be used and for how the SRD of the TFHPT performance should be expressed.

    Design: This study employed a test-retest design including three trials. The pause between trials was approximately 10-120 s.

    Participants, setting and outcome measure: Thirty-one participants who had suffered a stroke were recruited from a group designated for constraint-induced movement therapy at outpatient clinics. The TFHPT result was expressed as the number of pegs inserted.

    Methods: Absolute reliability was quantified by the SRD, including random and systematic error for a single trial, SRD2.1, and for an average of three trials, SRD2.3. For the SRD measures, the corresponding SRD percentage (SRD%) measure was also reported.

    Results: The differences in the number of pegs necessary to detect a change in the TFHPT for SRD2.1 and SRD2.3 were 4.0 and 2.3, respectively. The corresponding SRD% values for SRD2.1 and SRD2.3 were 36.5% and 21.3%, respectively.

    Conclusions: The smallest change that can be detected in the TFHPT should be just above two pegs for a test procedure including an average of three trials. The use of an average of three trials compared with a single trial substantially reduces the measurement error.

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