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  • 1.
    Alexeyev, Oleg A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Psoriasis, gut and microbiome2019In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 181, no 6, p. 1126-1126Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 2.
    Alexeyev, Oleg A.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Dekio, I.
    Layton, A. M.
    Li, H.
    Hughes, H.
    Morris, T.
    Zouboulis, C. C.
    Patrick, S.
    Why we continue to use the name Propionibacterium acnes2018In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 179, no 5, p. 1227-1227Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Brattsand, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Missing factors in human skin equivalent models?2017In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 176, no 1, p. 11-12Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 4. Carlsson, A
    et al.
    Gånemo, A
    Anderson, C D
    Meding, Birgitta
    Stenberg, Berndt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Svensson, Åke
    Scoring of hand eczema: good agreement between patients and dermatological staff2011In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, ISSN 0007-0963, Vol. 165, no 1, p. 123-128Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Assessment of hand eczema in a clinical study has been achieved using a scoring system which documents extent of eczema on different areas of the hand.

    OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the same scoring system could be used by patients to communicate current status of hand eczema.

    METHODS: In a study of 62 patients (36 women and 26 men, age range 19-75 years), the patient's own assessment was compared with the assessment by a dermatologist and a dermatological nurse. Standardized information was given to the patient and the form was filled in independently by the patient, the nurse and the dermatologist, during the patient's visit to the clinic. Individual area scores were summed to a total score.

    RESULTS: The overall agreement was good, with an interclass correlation (ICC) of 0·61 between patient and dermatologist for the total score. The ICC between nurse and dermatologist was 0·78. Differences between observers were more pronounced for the more severe cases - those with higher numerical scores as assessed by the dermatologist. There was a tendency for women and for patients over the median age of 44 years to set a lower point score than the dermatologist. The concordance of observations from individual anatomical areas was higher for fingertips and nails and lower for the palm and dorsum of the hand.

    CONCLUSIONS: Patients are able to report the extent of hand eczema with good accuracy. Self-assessment protocols for hand eczema may well have a place in the monitoring of hand eczema extent over time.

  • 5.
    Davila-Seijo, P.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine. Academia Espanola de Dermatologıa Venereolog Fundacion Piel Sana, Madrid, Spain.
    Descalzo, M. A.
    Registries as real-world cohort studies that are useful and necessary in the pyramid of evidence2018In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 178, no 1, p. 300-301Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 6.
    Dávila-Seijo, Paula
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Better reporting of safety data in clinical trials of biologic drugs in psoriasis is still needed2020In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 7.
    Egelrud, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Brattsand, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Kreutzmann, P
    Walden, M
    Vitzithum, K
    Marx, U C
    Forssmann, W G
    Mägert, H J
    hK5 and hK7, two serine proteinases abundant in human skin, are inhibited by LEKTI domain 6.2005In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 153, no 6, p. 1200-1203Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 8.
    Gaele, Kirk
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Henriksson, Martin
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Evaluating equality in psoriasis healthcare: a cohort study of the impact of age on prescription biologics2016In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 174, no 3, p. 579-587Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Inequality in healthcare has been identified in many contexts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating age inequity in the form of prescription patterns of biologics in psoriasis care.

    OBJECTIVE:

    To determine whether psoriasis patients have equitable opportunities to receive biologic medications as they age. If patients do not receive equitable treatment, a subsequent objective is to determine the magnitude of the disparity.

    METHODS:

    A cohort of biologic-naïve psoriasis patients were analysed using Cox proportional hazard models to measure the impact of each additional year of life on the likelihood of initiating biologic treatment, after controlling for sex, body mass index, comorbidities, disease activity, and education level. A supporting analysis used a non-parametric graphical method to study the proportion of patients initiating biologic treatment as age increases, after controlling for the same covariates.

    RESULTS:

    The Cox proportional hazards model results in a hazard ratio of a one year increase in age of 0.963 to 0.969 depending on calendar year stratification, which implies that an increase in age of 30 years corresponds to a reduced likelihood of initiating biologic treatment by 61.3-67.6%. The estimated proportion of patients initiating biologic medication is always decreasing as age increases, at a statistically significant level.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Psoriasis patients have fewer opportunities to access biologic medications as they age. This result was shown to be applicable at all stages in a patient's life course and was not only restricted to the elderly, although it implies greater disparities as the age difference between patients increases. These results show that inequity in access to biologic treatments due to age is prevalent in clinical practice today. Further research is needed to investigate the extent to which this result is influenced by patient preferences. 

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  • 9.
    Geale, Kirk
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology. Quantify Research, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Severity of psoriasis: time to disentangle severity from symptom control2022In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 186, no 6, p. 1033-1034Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 10.
    Hansson, Maja
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Winberg, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Andersson, Martin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Rönmark, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Hedman, Linnea
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Decreasing prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Swedish schoolchildren: three repeated population-based surveys2024In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 190, no 2, p. 191-198Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased over several decades and now affects about one-fifth of all children in high-income countries (HICs). While the increase continues in lower-income countries, the prevalence of AD might have reached a plateau in HICs.

    Objectives: To investigate trends in the prevalence of AD and atopic comorbidity in schoolchildren in Sweden.

    Methods: The study population consisted of three cohorts of children (median age 8 years) in Norrbotten, Sweden, for 1996 (n = 3430), 2006 (n = 2585) and 2017 (n = 2785). An identical questionnaire that included questions from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) protocol was used in all three cohorts. Trends in AD prevalence were estimated, as well as trends in atopic comorbidity. AD prevalence was estimated both according to the ISAAC definition of AD and by adding the reported diagnosis by a physician (D-AD).

    Results: The prevalence of AD decreased in the last decade, from 22.8% (1996) and 21.3% (2006) to 16.3% (2017; P < 0.001). The prevalence of D-AD was lower, but the same pattern of decrease was seen, from 9.3% (1996) and 9.4% (2006) to 5.7% (2017; P < 0.001). In all three cohorts, AD was more common among girls than boys (18.9% vs. 13.8% in 2017; P < 0.001). Children from the mountain inlands had a higher prevalence of AD than children from coastal cities (22.0% vs. 15.1% in 2017; P < 0.001). In comparing D-AD, there were no significant differences between the sexes or between inland or coastal living. Concomitant asthma increased over the years from 12.2% (1996) to 15.8% (2006) to 23.0% (2017; P < 0.001). Concomitant allergic rhinitis and allergic sensitization increased from 1996 (15.0% and 27.5%) to 2006 (24.7% and 49.5%) but then levelled off until 2017 (21.0% and 46.7%).

    Conclusions: The prevalence of AD among schoolchildren in Sweden decreased over the study period, whereas atopic comorbidity among children with AD increased. Although a decrease was seen, AD is still common and the increase in atopic comorbidity among children with AD, especially the increase in asthma, is concerning.

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  • 11. Hensen, P
    et al.
    Asadullah, K
    Windemuth, C
    Rüschendorf, F
    Hüffmeier, U
    Ständer, M
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Wienker, TF
    Reis, A
    Traupe, H
    Interleukin-10 promoter polymorphism IL10.G and familial early onset psoriasis2003In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 149, no 2, p. 381-385Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 is considered to play a major role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, which is characterized by an IL-10 deficiency. Systemic administration of IL-10 has been shown to be an effective therapy for psoriasis. The IL-10 promoter region contains a highly polymorphic microsatellite (IL10.G) and in a recent case-control study the IL10.G13 (144 bp) allele was found to be associated with familial early onset psoriasis (type 1 psoriasis) having a susceptible effect.

    OBJECTIVES: As it is essential in multifactorial diseases to replicate findings before definite conclusions can be drawn, we decided to perform a follow-up study and to follow a genetic approach analysing allele transmission in families with a positive family history of psoriasis.

    METHODS: We studied 137 nuclear families (trio-design) comprising 456 individuals and genotyped the IL10.G marker. For comparison we also genotyped the microsatellite tn62 as a reference marker of the major psoriasis susceptibility locus on chromosome 6p21 (PSORS1). In the present study allele transmission was evaluated using the family-based association test (FBAT) and GENEHUNTER 2.0 based on the transmission/disequilibrium test.

    RESULTS: The G13 allele (144 bp) had a frequency of 24%, was present in 88 families and clearly showed an even transmission (FBAT, P = 0.753). In contrast, allele 3 (IL10.G9) (136 bp) had a frequency of 39%, was present in 110 families and was transmitted in 43 trios and remained untransmitted in 67 trios (FBAT, P = 0.026), thus showing preferential nontransmission. For the HLA-linked tn62-marker we obtained a P-value of 0.00027 for allele 4 in the same study group.

    CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we failed to confirm the susceptible effect of the G13 allele, but provide the first data for a protective effect of allele 3 (IL10.G9) for familial psoriasis. Our results suggest that the IL10.G polymorphism is not a major locus, but acts as a minor locus.

  • 12. Hjalte, F.
    et al.
    Steen Carlsson, K.
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Sustained Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, DermatologyLife Quality Index and EuroQol-5D response of biologicaltreatment in psoriasis: 10 years of real-world data in theSwedish National Psoriasis Register2018In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 178, no 1, p. 245-252Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Few studies have analysed the long-term effects of biological treatment in psoriasis. PsoReg, the Swedish national register for systemic psoriasis treatment, started in 2006 and includes now ten years of real-world data on effectiveness of biological treatment.

    OBJECTIVE: To analyse long-term real-world outcome data on biological-naïve patients with moderate to severe psoriasis after switching to biological treatment.

    METHODS: Observational study including biological-naïve patients with at least one registration of outcome before switching to biological treatment while included in PsoReg and at least one follow-up visit. PASI, DLQI and EQ-5D values were analysed at 3-5 months, 6-11 months, and at least once 1 year and above, up to 9 years after switch to biological treatment.

    RESULTS: 583 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these, 399/395/373 patients had observed outcome data beyond one year on PASI/DLQI/EQ-5D, respectively, and 164/168/152 were observed in at least three time periods after switch. Significant (p<0.01) improvement in PASI, DLQI and EQ-5D was observed 3-5 months after switch and sustained under the whole observation period. Mean PASI/DLQI/EQ-5D changed from 13.5 (SD 9.1)/9.0 (SD 8.1)/0.737 (SD 0.222), respectively, before switch, to 4.0 (SD 3.5)/3.7 (SD 4.7)/0.792 (SD 0.208), respectively, 1-5 years after switch.

    CONCLUSION: Biological treatment, as used in clinical practice, show a stable long term effectiveness in all measured dimensions: PASI, DLQI and EQ-5D.

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  • 13.
    Jahns, Anika C
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Eilers, Hinnerk
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Ganceviciene, R.
    Alexeyev, Oleg A
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Propionibacterium species and follicular keratinocyte activation in acneic and normal skin2015In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 172, no 4, p. 981-987Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is multifactorial with increased sebum production, alteration in the quality of sebum lipids, dysregulation of the hormone microenvironment, follicular hyperkeratinization and Propionibacterium acnes-driven inflammation as major contributory factors. Hyperproliferation of keratinocytes is believed to contribute to hypercornification and eventually leads to comedone development. While the distribution of P. acnes is relatively well documented in acneic and healthy skin, little is known about P. granulosum and P. avidum.

    Objectives To visualize directly the three major Propionibacterium in 117 control and 26 acneic skin samples. In addition, keratinocyte proliferation was evaluated.

    Methods Propionibacteria were visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy, and keratinocyte proliferation was assessed by Ki67, keratin (K) 16 and p63 immunochemistry.

    Results P. acnes was identified in 68 samples (48%), while P. granulosum was identified in 12 (8%) samples; P. avidum was not detected at all. Unexpectedly, acne samples did not show higher keratinocyte proliferation than controls, nor was there any association between bacterial colonization and expression of Ki67/K16/p63.

    Conclusions Our findings do not support earlier notions of follicular keratinocyte hyperproliferation as a cause of ductal hypercornification in acneic facial skin. Further studies on the mechanisms underlying hypercornification in acne pathogenesis are needed.

  • 14.
    Jahns, Anika C
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Lundskog, Bertil
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Ganceviciene, R
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Palmer, Ruth H
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical Genetics.
    Golovleva, Irina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical Genetics.
    Zouboulis, C C
    McDowell, A
    Patrick, S
    Alexeyev, Oleg A
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    An increased incidence of Propionibacterium acnes biofilms in acne vulgaris: a case-control study2012In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 167, no 1, p. 50-58Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Summary Background  Acne vulgaris is a disorder of the sebaceous follicles. Propionibacterium acnes can be involved in inflammatory acne. Objectives  This case-control study aimed at investigating the occurrence and localization of P. acnes in facial biopsies in acne and to characterize the P. acnes phylotype in skin compartments. Methods  Specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were applied to skin biopsies of 38 patients with acne and matching controls to localize and characterize P. acnes and to determine expression of co-haemolysin CAMP factor, a putative virulence determinant. Results  Follicular P. acnes was demonstrated in 18 (47%) samples from patients with acne and eight (21%) control samples [odds ratio (OR) 3·37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·23-9·23; P = 0·017]. In 14 (37%) samples from patients with acne, P. acnes was visualized in large macrocolonies/biofilms in sebaceous follicles compared with only five (13%) control samples (OR 3·85, 95% CI 1·22-12·14; P = 0·021). Macrocolonies/biofilms consisting of mixed P. acnes phylotypes expressing CAMP1 were detected in both case and control samples. Only four samples tested positive for the presence of Staphylococcus spp. and fungi were not observed. Conclusions  We have for the first time visualized different P. acnes phylotypes in macrocolonies/biofilms in sebaceous follicles of skin biopsies. Our results support the hypothesis that P. acnes can play a role in the pathogenesis of acne as acne samples showed a higher prevalence of follicular P. acnes colonization, both in terms of follicles containing P. acnes and the greater numbers of bacteria in macrocolonies/biofilms than in control samples.

  • 15. Lyth, J.
    et al.
    Eriksson, H.
    Hansson, J.
    Ingvar, C.
    Jansson, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Lapins, J.
    Mansson-Brahme, E.
    Naredi, P.
    Stierner, U.
    Ullenhag, G.
    Carstensen, J.
    Lindholm, C.
    Trends in cutaneous malignant melanoma in Sweden 1997-2011: thinner tumours and improved survival among men2015In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 172, no 3, p. 700-706Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Both patient survival and the proportion of patients diagnosed with thin cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) have been steadily rising in Sweden as in most Western countries, although the rate of improvement in survival appears to have declined in Sweden at the end of the last millennium. Objectives To analyse the most recent trends in the distribution of tumour thickness (T category) as well as CMM-specific survival in Swedish patients diagnosed during 1997-2011. Methods This nationwide population-based study included 30 590 patients registered in the Swedish Melanoma Register (SMR) and diagnosed with a first primary invasive CMM during 1997-2011. The patients were followed through 2012 in the national Cause of Death Register. Results Logistic and Cox regression analyses adjusting for age at diagnosis, tumour site and healthcare region were carried out. The odds ratio for being diagnosed with thicker tumours was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) and the CMM-specific survival significantly improved in men diagnosed during 2007-2011 compared with men diagnosed during 1997-2001 (hazard ratio = 0.81; 95% confidence interval 0.72-0.91; P < 0.001), while the corresponding differences for women were not significant. Women were diagnosed with significantly thicker tumours during 2002-2006 and a tendency towards decreased survival was observed compared with those diagnosed earlier (during 1997-2001) and later (during 2007-2011). Conclusions In Sweden, the CMMs of men are detected earlier over time and this seems to be followed by an improved CMM-specific survival for men. Women are still diagnosed with considerably thinner tumours and they experience a better survival than men.

  • 16. Lyth, J.
    et al.
    Hansson, J.
    Ingvar, C.
    Mansson-Brahme, E.
    Naredi, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Stierner, U.
    Wagenius, G.
    Lindholm, C.
    Prognostic subclassifications of T1 cutaneous melanomas based on ulceration, tumour thickness and Clark's level of invasion: results of a population-based study from the Swedish Melanoma Register2013In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 168, no 4, p. 779-786Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Survival and prognostic factors for thin melanomas have been studied relatively little in population-based settings. This patient group accounts for the majority of melanomas diagnosed in western countries today, and better prognostic information is needed. Objectives The aim of this study was to use established prognostic factors such as ulceration, tumour thickness and Clark's level of invasion for risk stratification of T1 cutaneous melanoma. Methods From 1990 to 2008, the Swedish Melanoma Register included 97% of all melanomas diagnosed in Sweden. Altogether, 13 026 patients with T1 melanomas in clinical stage I were used for estimating melanoma-specific 10- and 15-year mortality rates. The Cox regression model was used for further survival analysis on 11 165 patients with complete data. Results Ulceration, tumour thickness and Clark's level of invasion all showed significant, independent, long-term prognostic information. By combining these factors the patients could be subdivided into three risk groups: a low-risk group (67.9% of T1 cases) with a 10-year melanoma-specific mortality rate of 1.5% (1.2-1.9%); an intermediate-risk group (28.6% of T1 cases) with a 10-year mortality rate of 6.1% (5.0-7.3%); and a high-risk group (3.5% of T1 cases) with a 10-year mortality rate of 15.6% (11.2-21.4%). The high-and intermediate-risk groups accounted for 66% of melanoma deaths within T1. Conclusions Using a population-based melanoma register, and combining ulceration, tumour thickness and Clark's level of invasion, three distinct prognostic subgroups were identified.

  • 17.
    Löfvendahl, Sofia
    et al.
    Swedish Institute for Health Economics (IHE), Lund, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Norway.
    Norlin, Jenny M.
    Swedish Institute for Health Economics (IHE), Lund, Norway.
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Comorbidities in palmoplantar pustulosis: a Swedish population-based register study2023In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 189, no 2, p. 230-232Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 18. Löfvendahl, Sofia
    et al.
    Norlin, Jenny M.
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Prevalence and incidence of generalized pustular psoriasis in Sweden: a population-based register study2022In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 186, no 6, p. 970-976Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a severe form of pustular psoriasis with generalized eruption of sterile pustules, often along with systemic symptoms. There is a scarcity of population-based estimates of GPP prevalence and incidence.

    OBJECTIVES: To estimate (i) the prevalence and incidence of GPP in the Swedish general population and (ii) the prevalence of psoriasis vulgaris within the GPP population.

    METHODS: We identified cases (2004-2015) with one ICD-10 diagnostic code (base case) for GPP within the Swedish National Patient Register, which covers inpatient and outpatient secondary care. Cases were linked to the Swedish Total Population Register, and point prevalence was estimated as on 31 December 2015. In two alternative analyses we changed case definitions to: (i) requiring two visits (strict case 1) and (ii) requiring two visits of which one was within dermatology/internal medicine (strict case 2).

    RESULTS: The base case point prevalence of GPP was estimated at 9.1 per 100 000 (women, 11.2; men, 7.0) and the annual prevalence in 2015 was estimated at 1.53 per 100 000. Among the GPP population, 43% also had a psoriasis vulgaris code. The incidence of GPP in 2015 was estimated at 0.82 per 100 000 (women, 0.93; men, 0.74). The criteria used had an impact on prevalence and incidence estimates: prevalence strict case 1 gave 3.8 per 100 000 and incidence strict case 1 gave 0.42 per 100 000.

    CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that the estimated GPP population in Sweden is within the range of previous published estimates. However, estimates were sensitive to the GPP case criteria used. The findings enhance demands for studies using validated diagnostic algorithms.

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  • 19. Löfvendahl, Sofia
    et al.
    Norlin, Jenny M.
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Prevalence and incidence of palmoplantar pustulosis in Sweden: a population-based register study2021In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 185, no 5, p. 945-951Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Palmoplantaris pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic relapsing skin condition characterized by sterile pustules on the palm and soles. Population-based estimates of PPP incidence and prevalence are limited.

    OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of PPP in the Swedish general population and to estimate the prevalence of psoriasis vulgaris among the PPP population.

    METHODS: The Swedish National Patient Register, covering all inpatient and outpatient non-primary care for the Swedish population, was used. We identified cases (2004-2015) with one ICD-10 diagnostic code (base case) for PPP. The point prevalence estimates at the end of this period (31 December 2015) were obtained by linkage to the Swedish Total Population Register. In sensitivity analyses, we used alternative case defintions:1) requiring two visits, 2) requiring two visits of which one within dermatology/internal medicine.

    RESULTS: The base case prevalence of PPP was estimated to be 147/100 000 (women=227, men=68) and the annual prevalence was estimated to 26/100 000 in 2015. Among the PPP population, 17% were registered with a diagnostic code for psoriasis vulgaris. The incidence of PPP in 2015 was estimated to be 12.7/100 000 (women=18.7, men=6.6). The criteria used had an impact on prevalence and incidence estimates; strict case 1) 72/100 000 and 2) 5.4/100 000.

    CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that the population-based prevalence of PPP may be larger than previous estimated. However, the estimates were sensitive to employed PPP case criteria. The findings enhance demands for studies using validated diagnostic algorithms potentially also including data from the primary care setting.

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  • 20. Meding, B
    et al.
    Järvholm, Bengt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Comments on "Prevalence of contact allergy in the general population in different European regions" and "Prevalence of fragrance contact allergy in the general population of five European countries".2016In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 175, no 3, p. 642-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 21. Moberg, C
    et al.
    Meding, B
    Stenberg, Berndt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Svensson, A
    Lindberg, M
    Remembering childhood atopic dermatitis as an adult: factors that influence recollection.2006In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 155, no 3, p. 557-60Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 22. Nagel, Gabriele
    et al.
    Bjørge, T
    Stocks, Tanja
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Manjer, J
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Edlinger, M
    Häggström, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Engeland, A
    Johansen, D
    Kleiner, A
    Selmer, R
    Ulmer, H
    Tretli, S
    Jonsson, Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Concin, H
    Stattin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Lukanova, A
    Metabolic risk factors and skin cancer in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can)2012In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 167, no 1, p. 59-67Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background  Little is known about the associations of metabolic aberrations with malignant melanoma (MM) and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Objectives  To assess the associations between metabolic factors (both individually and combined) and the risk of skin cancer in the large prospective Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can). Methods  During a mean follow-up of 12 years of the Me-Can cohort, 1728 (41% women) incident MM, 230 (23% women) fatal MM and 1145 (33% women) NMSC were identified. Most NMSC cases (76%) were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (873, 33% women). Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression for quintiles and standardized z-scores (with a mean of 0 and SD of 1) of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and for a combined metabolic syndrome score. Risk estimates were corrected for random error in the measurements. Results  Blood pressure per unit increase of z-score was associated with an increased risk of incident MM cases in men and women [HR 1·17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·04-1·31 and HR 1·18, 95% CI 1·03-1·36, respectively] and fatal MM cases among women (HR 2·39, 95% CI 1·58-3·64). In men, all quintiles for BMI above the reference were associated with a higher risk of incident MM. In women, SCC NMSC risk increased across quintiles for glucose levels (P-trend 0·02) and there was a trend with triglyceride concentration (P-trend 0·09). Conclusion  These findings suggest that mechanisms linked to blood pressure may be involved in the pathogenesis of MM. SCC NMSC in women could be related to glucose and lipid metabolism.

  • 23.
    Niklasson, O.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Boman, Kurt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Stenberg, Berndt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    The prevalence and characteristics of pruritus in patients with heart failure2015In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 172, no 6, p. 1541-1546Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Pruritus (itching) can be a distressing symptom, and previous research suggests that it is common in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

    Objectives The primary aim was to examine the prevalence of itching in patients with CHF and to compare this first to that among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and second to that of a normal Swedish population. The study also explored characteristics and possible causes of pruritus in patients with CHF.

    Methods In this cross-sectional prevalence study, a questionnaire was sent to 130 patients with CHF and to 130 with CAD. A total of 85 patients with CHF (65.4%) and 82 with CAD (63.1%) participated. Data were also compared with those of a previous study examining symptoms in a normal Swedish population.

    Results The prevalence of itching at some point during the last 3 months was 40.0% in patients with CHF and 23.2% in patients with CAD (P = 0.019). This difference was not significant after adjusting for sex, age and medication. Patients with CHF described their pruritus as more disturbing than patients with CAD. In addition, 13.6% of patients with CHF and 3.8% of persons in the normal population experienced itching every week without any rash (P = 0.001).

    Conclusions Pruritus is common and sometimes disturbing in patients with CHF and warrants clinical attention. Medication should be considered as a cause of itching and may explain differences in the prevalence between patients with CHF and those with CAD. However, other causes of itching in patients with CHF should be explored in prospective studies.

  • 24. Norlin, J. M.
    et al.
    Nilsson, K.
    Persson, U.
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Complete skin clearance and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index response rates in clinical practice: predictors, health-related quality of life improvements and implications for treatment goals2020In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 182, no 4, p. 965-973Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 90 is suggested to be the new standard endpoint for randomized controlled trials of biologics for psoriasis, whereas treatment guidelines often still refer to PASI 75.

    Objectives: To analyse in a real-world setting: firstly, what factors are associated with higher levels of treatment response to biologics; secondly, the health-related quality of life gains associated with different response levels in clinical practice.

    Methods: Biologically na€ıve patients with PASI, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and EuroQol (EQ)-5D outcomes before (maximum 6 months) and after (3–12 months) switch to biologics during registration in the Swedish National Registry for Systemic Treatment of Psoriasis (PsoReg) were included (n = 515). Patient characteristics associated with higher treatment response were analysed by regression analyses. Improvements in absolute PASI, DLQI and EQ-5D were assessed in different PASI percentage response levels.

    Results: High PASI percentage response was associated with higher PASI before switch and lower body mass index. DLQI and EQ-5D improved within all responder groups (P < 0001). The magnitude of improvements in DLQI (P = 002) differed between responder groups. The mean (SD) DLQI improvements for PASI 75<90 responders, PASI 90<100 responders and patients achieving complete skin clearance (PASI 100) were 99 (74), 115 (70) and 80 (61), respectively.

    Conclusions: PASI percentage change is largely dependent on absolute PASI before switch. Patients in clinical practice lack ‘baseline’ PASI values as they may switch directly from one treatment to another or stay successfully treated for a longer time period. Treatment goals such as PASI 90 are thus not suitable for treatment guidelines or for follow-up in clinical practice.

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  • 25.
    Norlin, Jenny M
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Steen Carlsson, K
    Persson, U
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Analysis of three outcome measures in moderate to severe psoriasis: a registry-based study of 2450 patients2012In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 166, no 4, p. 797-802Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: As moderate to severe psoriasis is a systemic disease with large effects on health related quality of life (HRQOL) generic measures that include overall health, not only skin involvement, are necessary. The knowledge about the relationship between the generic preference-based EQ-5D and dermatology-specific measures in psoriasis is limited.

    Objective: The objective was to analyse EQ-5D, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis in Swedish clinical practice by demographic characteristics, to compare EQ-5D among patients to Swedish population values, and to analyse the relationships between EQ-5D, DLQI and PASI.

    Methods: This observational cohort study was based on PsoReg, the Swedish National Registry for Systemic Treatment of Psoriasis. EQ-5D among psoriasis patients was compared to a defined general population in Sweden, retrieved from a previous study. Relationships between measures were examined with correlation tests and regression analysis.

    Results: 2450 patients (men n=1479, women n=971) were included. Median EQ-5D, DLQI and PASI was 0.769, 4 and 4.7, respectively. Psoriasis patients had a significantly lower EQ-5D compared to the defined general population. EQ-5D correlated moderately with DLQI (-0.55) and weakly with PASI (-0.25) (p<0.001).

    Conclusions: When assessing psoriasis treatments and making decisions about treatment guidelines and resource allocation, EQ-5D, DLQI and PASI provide a useful set of complementary tools, answering to different needs. If EQ-5D is not included in the original trial the second best option in cost-effectiveness studies is to use mapping between DLQI and EQ-5D.

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    Analysis of three outcome measures in moderate to severe psoriasis: a registry-based study of 2450 patients
  • 26. Rönmark, EP
    et al.
    Ekerljung, L
    Lötvall, J
    Wennergren, G
    Rönmark, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Toren, K
    Lundbäck, B
    Eczema among adults: prevalence, risk factors and relation to airway diseases. Results from a large-scale population survey in Sweden2012In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 166, no 6, p. 1301-1308Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background In contrast to asthma and rhinitis, few studies among adults investigating the prevalence and risk factors of eczema have been published.

    Objectives To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of eczema among adults in West Sweden. A further aim was to study the associations between asthma, rhinitis and eczema.

    Methods A questionnaire on respiratory health was mailed in 2008 to 30 000 randomly selected subjects in West Sweden aged 16-75 years; 62% responded. The questionnaire included questions about eczema, respiratory symptoms and diseases and their possible determinants. A subgroup of 669 subjects underwent skin prick testing against common airborne allergens.

    Results 'Eczema ever' was reported by 40.7% and 'current eczema' by 11.5%. Both conditions were significantly more common among women. The prevalence decreased with increasing age. The coexistence of both asthma and rhinitis with eczema was common. The main risk factors were family history of allergy and asthma. The dominant environmental risk factor was occupational exposure to gas, dust or fumes. Smoking increased the risk. Eczema was associated with urbanization, while growing up on a farm was associated with a decreased risk. Added one by one to the multivariate model, asthma, allergic rhinitis and any positive skin prick test were associated with eczema.

    Conclusions Eczema among adults is a common disease with more women than men having and having had eczema. Eczema is associated with other atopic diseases and with airway symptoms. Hereditary factors and exposure to gas, dust and fumes are associated with eczema.

  • 27.
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology. Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Complete skin clearance and beyond2021In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 184, no 1, p. 3-4Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 28.
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Physical activity and lifestyle improvement in the management of psoriasis2016In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 175, no 3, p. 452-453Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 29.
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    What can we learn from 'dropouts' in clinical trials?2018In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 178, no 2, p. 318-319Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Sondell, Björn
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Jonsson, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Dyberg, P.
    Egelrud, T.
    In situ evidence that the population of Langerhans cells in normal human epidermis may be heterogeneous1997In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 136, no 5, p. 687-693Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) may occur in subsets with different phenotypic and functional characteristics. In this work give further evidence that the CD1a-positive LC population in the normal human epidermis may be heterogeneous. We found that one of our monoclonal antibodies (TE4B) to stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme (SCCE) stained a population of dendritic cells in the normal epidermis in addition to high suprabasal keratinocytes. The staining of the dendritic cells was seen only when the biopsies had been fixed with formaldehyde and when the sections had been pretreated, either with proteolytic enzymes or with Triton X-100. The binding of the antibody was mediated through its antigen binding site, as it could be inhibited by adsorption with recombinant pro-SCCE. Experiments with double labelling showed that the TE4B-positive dendritic cells were also CD1a-positive. On the other hand, not all CD1a-positive cells were TE4B-positive. By means of confocal microscopy of double-labelled cells, the TE4B binding site could be localized intracellularly. SCCE-mRNA could be detected by in situ hybridization in high suprabasal keratinocytes only. A possible explanation may be that there is a subset of LC which have taken up SCCE secreted by high suprabasal keratinocytes. Alternatively, TE4B may bind to an epitope present in a subgroup of epidermal LC which cross-reacts immunologically with SCCE. It is suggested that the demonstrated heterogeneity of the population of LC in the normal epidermis should be taken into account in studies on the possible role of epidermal autoantigens in the development of immune-mediated skin diseases.

  • 31. Tarlow, JK
    et al.
    Cork, MJ
    Clay, FE
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Sections of Molecular Medicine Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Pharmacology. University of sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, U.K..
    Crane, AM
    Stierle, C
    Boehncke, WH
    Eiermann, TH
    Blakemore, AI
    Bleehen, SS
    Sterry, W
    Duff, GV
    Association between interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) gene polymorphism and early and late-onset psoriasis1997In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 136, no 1, p. 147-148Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Tufvesson Stiller, Helena
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology. Regional Cancer Center South East Sweden, Linköping, Sweden.
    Mikiver, R.
    Uppugunduri, S.
    Lindholm, C.
    Månsson Brahme, E.
    Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology.
    Health Related Quality of Life in Melanoma Patients: characterization of a Swedish cohort2020In: British Journal of Dermatology, ISSN 0007-0963, E-ISSN 1365-2133, Vol. 182, no 2, p. 506-508Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Only few studies that have investigated the Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) in melanoma patients 1-4 , reviewed in Chernyshov et al.5 . This is to the best of our knowledge the first population-based study investigating HR-QoL in proximity to the time the patient has received melanoma diagnosis. A cross-sectional survey, approved by the ethics committee in Umeå, employing the Swedish European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30v.3.0) was performed.

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