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  • 1.
    Berglund, Lars
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Sport Sciences Center.
    Aasa, Björn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Orthopaedics. Norrlandskliniken Health Care Centre, Umeå, Sweden.
    Michaelson, Peter
    Luleå Tekniska Universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, Avdelningen för hälsa och rehabilitering, Fysioterapi .
    Aasa, Ulrika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Sport Sciences Center.
    Sagittal lumbopelvic alignment in patients with low back pain and the effects of a high-load lifting exercise and individualized low-load motor control exercises: a randomized controlled trial2018In: The spine journal, ISSN 1529-9430, E-ISSN 1878-1632, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 399-406Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Context Assessment of posture and lumbopelvic alignment is often the main focus in the classification and treatment of patients with low back pain (LBP). However, little is known regarding the effects of motor control interventions on objective measures of lumbopelvic alignment.

    Purpose The primary aim of this study was to describe the variation of sagittal lumbopelvic alignment in patients with nociceptive mechanical LBP. The secondary aim was to compare the effects of a high-load lifting exercise (HLL) and low-load motor control exercises (LMC) on the change in lumbopelvic alignment with a special emphasis on patients with high and low degrees of lumbar lordosis (lu) and sacral angle (sa).

    Study Design This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of HLL and LMC.

    Patient Sample Patients from the primary study, that is, patients categorized with nociceptive mechanical LBP, who agreed to participate in the radiographic examination were included (n=66).

    Outcome Measures Lateral plain radiographic images were used to evaluate lumbopelvic alignment regarding the lumbar lordosis and the sacral angle as outcomes, with posterior bend as an explanatory variable.

    Materials and Methods The participants were recruited to the study from two occupational health-care facilities. They were randomized to either the HLL or the LMC intervention group and offered 12 supervised exercise sessions. Outcome measures were collected at baseline and following the end of intervention period 2 months after baseline. Between- and within-group analyses of intervention groups and subgroups based on the distribution of the baseline values for the lumbar lordosis and the sacral angle, respectively (LOW, MID, and HIGH), were performed using both parametric and non-parametric statistics.

    Results The ranges of values for the present sample were 26.9–91.6° (M=59.0°, standard deviation [SD]=11.5°) for the lumbar lordosis and 18.2–72.1° (M=42.0°, SD=9.6°) for the sacral angle. There were no significant differences between the intervention groups in the percent change of eitheroutcome measure. Neither did any outcome change significantly over time within the intervention groups. In the subgroups, based on the distribution of respective baseline values, LOWlu showed a significantly increased lumbar lordosis, whereas HIGHsa showed a significantly decreased sacral angle following intervention.

    Conclusions This study describes the wide distribution of values for lumbopelvic alignment for patients with nociceptive mechanical LBP. Further research is needed to investigate subgroups of other types of LBP and contrast findings to those presented in this study. Our results also suggest that retraining of the lumbopelvic alignment could be possible for patients with LBP.

  • 2.
    Borota, Ljubisa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology.
    Jonasson, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology.
    Agolli, Armend
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Spontaneous resorption of intradural lumbar disc fragments2008In: The spine journal, ISSN 1529-9430, E-ISSN 1878-1632, Vol. 8, no 2, p. 397-403Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background context: Intradural disc herniation is relatively rare complication of the spinal degenerative process that occurs most frequently in the lumbar part of the spine. Both myelographic and magnetic resonance features of this entity have been described, and the mechanism of intradural herniation has already been proposed and generally accepted. In this article, we present a case of spontaneous resorption of an intradural, fragmented intervertebral disc. Spontaneous resorption of intradural disc fragments has not been previously reported.

    Purpose: To discuss a possible mechanism of spontaneous resorption of the subdural disc fragments.

    Study design: Case report and literature review.

    Methods: Radiological follow-up of a 46-year-old man with the intradural herniation of disc fragments.

    Conclusion: The reaction generated by the meninges might lead to the complete resorption of intrathecally localized disc fragments.

  • 3.
    Jackson, Jennie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health. Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
    Liv, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden..
    Sayed-Noor, Arkan S.
    Punnett, Laura
    Wahlström, Jens
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Risk factors for surgically treated cervical spondylosis in male construction workers: a 20-year prospective study2022In: The spine journal, ISSN 1529-9430, E-ISSN 1878-1632, Vol. 23, no 1, p. 136-145Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Degenerative changes due to cervical spondylosis (CS) can detrimentally affect work ability and quality of life yet understanding of how physical exposure affects disease progression is limited.

    PURPOSE: To assess the associations between occupational physical exposures and occurrence of surgically treated cervical spondylosis (ST-CS) and early exit from the labour market via disability pension.

    STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Prospective register study with 20 year follow-up period.

    PATIENT SAMPLE: Swedish construction workers participating in a national health surveillance project conducted between 1971-1993.

    OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgically treated cervical spondylosis (ST-CS) and early labour market exit at a minimum rate of 25% time on disability pension.

    METHODS: Associations between occupational physical exposures (job exposure matrix) and subsequent ST-CS (National Hospital in-patient register) and early labour market exit via disability pension (Swedish Social Insurance Agency register) were assessed in a cohort of male construction workers (n=237,699).

    RESULTS: A total of 1381 ST-CS cases were present and a 20-year incidence rate of 35.1 cases per 100,000 person years (95% confidence interval (CI) 33.2-36.9). Increased relative risk (RR) for ST-CS was found for workers exposed to non-neutral (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.15-1.69) and awkward neck postures (1.52, 1.19-1.95), working with the hands above shoulder height (1.30, 1.06-1.60), and high upper extremity loading (1.35, 1.15-1.59). Increased risk was also present for workers who reported frequent neck (3.06, 2.18-4.30) and upper back (3.84, 2.57-5.73) pain in the 12 months prior to survey. Among workers with elevated arm exposure, higher risk was seen in those who also had more frequent neck pain. ST-CS cases took early retirement more often (41.3%) and at a younger age (53 years) than the total study cohort (14.8% and 56 years of age, respectively).

    CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposure to non-neutral neck postures, work with hands above shoulders and high loads born through the upper extremities increased the risk for ST-CS and early retirement due to disability. Decreasing postural and load exposure is salient for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of CS. Neck pain was shown to be a prognostic factor for ST-CS, which stresses the importance of acting early and taking preventative action to reduce workplace exposure, and the need for systematic medical check-ups within primary or occupational care to mitigate disease progression and early labour market exit due to disability.

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  • 4.
    Knutsson, Björn
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences.
    Mukka, Sebastian
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Wahlström, Jens
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Järvholm, Bengt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Sayed-Noor, Arkan S.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    The association between tobacco smoking and surgical intervention for lumbar spinal stenosis: cohort study of 331,941 workers2018In: The spine journal, ISSN 1529-9430, E-ISSN 1878-1632, Vol. 18, no 8, p. 1313-1317Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Tobacco smoking is an injurious habit associated with a number of chronic disorders. Its influence on disc metabolism and degeneration including lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) has been investigated in the literature.

    PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate whether tobacco smoking is an independent risk factor for undergoing surgical intervention for LSS.

    STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This is a prospective cohort study.

    PATIENT SAMPLE: The patient sample of 331,941 workers was derived from a Swedish nationwide occupational surveillance program for construction workers.

    OUTCOME MEASURE: The outcome measure included the incidence of undergoing surgical intervention for LSS in tobacco smokers versus no smokers.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: At inclusion, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), workers' job title, and self-reported smoking habits were registered. The workers were divided into four categories: never smoked, former smoker, moderate current (1-14 cigarettes/day), and heavy current (≥15 cigarettes/day). Patients who underwent a surgically treated LSS were defined using the relevant International Classification of Diseases (ICD) disease code derived from the Swedish National Patient Register.

    RESULTS: A total of 331,941 participants were included in the analysis. Forty-four percent of the participants were non-smokers, 16% were former smokers, 26% were moderate smokers, and 14% were heavy smokers. The vast majority of construction workers were males (95%). During the average follow-up of 30.7 years, 1,623 participants were surgically treated for LSS. The incidence rate ratio (IRRs) of LSS varied across smoking categories, with the highest values found in heavy smokers. Compared with non-smokers, all smoking categories show an increased incidence of surgically treated LSS. The findings were consistent even when the comparison was performed for participants with BMIs between 18.5 and 25 and for participants aged between 40 and 74 years.

    CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoking is associated with an increased incidence of surgically treated LSS. The effect seems to be dose related, whereby heavy smokers have a higher risk than moderate or former smokers.

  • 5. Söderlund, Anne
    et al.
    Löfgren, Monika
    Stålnacke, Britt-Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine. Department of Clinical Sciences Karolinska Institutet and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital AB, Mörbygårdsvägen, SE 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Predictors before and after multimodal rehabilitation for pain acceptance and engagement in activities at a 1-year follow-up for patients with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD)-a study based on the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRP)2018In: The spine journal, ISSN 1529-9430, E-ISSN 1878-1632, Vol. 18, no 8, p. 1475-1482Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Studies have shown that pain acceptance strategies related to psychological flexibility are important in the presence of chronic musculoskeletal pain. However, the predictors of these strategies have not been studied extensively in patients with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD).

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to predict chronic pain acceptance and engagement in activities at 1-year follow-up with pain intensity, fear of movement, perceived responses from significant others, outcome expectancies, and demographic variables in patients with WAD before and after multimodal rehabilitation (MMR).

    STUDY DESIGN: The design of this investigation was a cohort study with 1-year postrehabilitation follow-up.

    STUDY SETTING: The subjects participated in MMR at a Swedish rehabilitation clinic during 2009-2015.

    PATIENT SAMPLE: The patients had experienced a whiplash trauma (WAD grade I-II) and were suffering from pain and reduced functionality. A total of 386 participants were included: 297 fulfilled the postrehabilitation measures, and 177 were followed up at 1 year after MMR.

    OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic variables, pain intensity, fear of movement, perceived responses from significant others, and outcome expectations were measured at the start and after MMR. Chronic pain acceptance and engagement in activities were measured at follow-up.

    METHODS: The data were obtained from a Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRPR).

    RESULTS: Outcome expectancies of recovery, supporting and distracting responses of significant others, and fear of (re)injury and movement before MMR were significant predictors of engagement in activities at follow-up. Pain intensity and fear of (re)injury and movement after MMR significantly predicted engagement in activities at follow-up. Supporting responses of significant others and fear of (re)injury and movement before MMR were significant predictors of pain acceptance at the 1-year follow-up. Solicitous responses of significant others and fear of (re)injury and movement at postrehabilitation significantly predicted pain acceptance at follow-up.

    CONCLUSION: For engagement in activities and pain acceptance, the fear of movement appears to emerge as the strongest predictor, but patients' perceived reactions from their spouses need to be considered in planning the management of WAD.

  • 6. Walsh, William R.
    et al.
    Pelletier, Matthew H.
    Wang, Tian
    Lovric, Vedran
    Morberg, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Orthopaedics. Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (SORL), Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
    Mobbs, Ralph J.
    Does implantation site influence bone ingrowth into 3D-printed porous implants?2019In: The spine journal, ISSN 1529-9430, E-ISSN 1878-1632, Vol. 19, no 11, p. 1885-1898Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The potential for osseointegration to provide biological fixation for implants may be related to anatomical site and loading conditions.

    PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of anatomical site on osseointegration of 3D-printed implants.

    STUDY DESIGN: A comparative preclinical study was performed evaluating bone ingrowth in cortical and cancellous sites in long bones as well as lumbar interbody fusion with posterior pedicle screw stabilization using the same 3D-printed titanium alloy design.

    METHODS: 3D-printed dowels were implanted in cortical bone and cancellous bone in adult sheep and evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks for bone ingrowth using radiography, mechanical testing, and histology/histomorphometry. In addition, a single-level lumbar interbody fusion using cages based on the same 3D-printed design was performed. The aperture was filled with autograft or ovine allograft processed with supercritical carbon dioxide. Interbody fusions were assessed at 12 weeks via radiography, mechanical testing, and histology/histomorphometry.

    RESULTS: Bone ingrowth in long bone cortical and cancellous sites did not translate directly to interbody fusion cages. While bone ingrowth was robust and improved with time in cortical sites with a line-to-line implantation condition, the same response was not found in cancellous sites even when the implants were placed in a press fit manner. Osseointegration into the porous walls with 3D porous interbody cages was similar to the cancellous implantation sites rather than the cortical sites. The porous domains of the 3D-printed device, in general, were filled with fibrovascular tissue while some bone integration into the porous cages was found at 12 weeks when fusion within the aperture was present.

    CONCLUSION: Anatomical site, surgical preparation, biomechanical loading, and graft material play an important role in in vivo response. Bone ingrowth in long bone cortical and cancellous sites does not translate directly to interbody fusions.

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