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  • 1.
    Ali, Haytham
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
    AbdelMageed, Manar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
    Olsson, Lina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Israelsson, Anne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Lindmark, Gudrun
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden.
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Sitohy, Basel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Utility of G protein-coupled receptor 35 expression for predicting outcome in colon cancer2019In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 41, no 6, article id 1010428319858885Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The utility of mRNA and protein determinations of G protein-coupled receptor 35, that is, GPR35a (GPR35 V1) and GPR35b (GPR35 V2/3), as indicators of outcome for colon cancer patients after curative surgery was investigated. Expression levels of V1 and V2/3 GPR35, carcinoembryonic antigen and CXCL17 mRNAs were assessed in primary tumours and regional lymph nodes of 121 colon cancer patients (stage I–IV), colon cancer cell lines and control colon epithelial cells using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Expression of G protein-coupled receptor 35 was investigated by two-colour immunohistochemistry and immunomorphometry. GPR35 V2/3 mRNA, but not V1 mRNA, was expressed in colon cancer cell lines, primary colon tumours and control colon epithelial cells. Haematoxylin and eosin positive (H&E(+)), but not H&E(–), lymph nodes expressed high levels of GPR35 V2/3 mRNA (P<0.0001). GPR35b and carcinoembryonic antigen proteins were simultaneously expressed in many colon cancer tumour cells. Kaplan–Meier and hazard ratio analysis revealed that patients with lymph nodes expressing high levels of GPR35 V2/3 mRNA and, in particular, in the group of patients with lymph nodes also expressing carcinoembryonic antigen mRNA, had a short disease-free survival time, 67 months versus 122 months at 12-year follow-up (difference: 55 months, P = 0.001; hazard ratio: 3.6, P = 0.002). In conclusion, high level expression of G protein-coupled receptor 35 V2/3 mRNA in regional lymph nodes of colon cancer patients is a sign of poor prognosis.

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  • 2.
    Ali, Haytham
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
    Ohlsson, Lina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Lindmark, Gudrun
    Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE, Lund, Sweden.
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Sitohy, Basel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    The myeloid cell biomarker EMR1 is ectopically expressed in colon cancer2021In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 43, no 1, p. 209-223Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The microenvironment of colon cancer (CC) is heterogeneous including cells of myeloid lineage affecting tumor growth and metastasis. Two functional subtypes of myeloid cells have been identified; one (M1) is tumor-inhibitory and the other one (M2) is tumor-promoting. Whether the three myeloid markers EMR1, CD206 and CD86 are expressed only in the infiltrating myeloid cells or also in the tumor cells was investigated.

    METHODS: Expression of the myeloid markers was investigated in CC at the mRNA and protein levels in primary tumors and lymph nodes. mRNA expression was also determined in 5 CC cell lines. Protein expression was investigated by two-color immunofluorescence and consecutive-sections-immune-staining combined with morphometry using specific antibodies for the myeloid cell markers and the epithelial cell markers CEACAM5 and EpCAM.

    RESULTS: EMR1 and CD86, but not CD206, mRNA levels were significantly higher in CC primary tumors compared to apparently normal colon tissue (P <  0.0001). EMR1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in both hematoxylin-eosin positive (H&E(+)) and H&E(-) lymph nodes of CC patients compared to control nodes (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively). EMR1 and CD206 mRNAs were expressed in 4/5 and 5/5 CC cell lines, respectively, while CD86 mRNA was not expressed. Immuno-morphometry revealed that about 20% of the tumor cells expressed EMR1 and CD206. Positive cells were tumor cells as revealed by anti-CEACAM5 and anti-EpCAM staining. The number of EMR1, CD206 and CD86 positive cells were significantly increased in CC primary tumors compared to normal colon tissue (P <  0.0001). However, CD206 was also expressed in normal colonocytes. Only EMR1 showed significantly increased numbers of positive tumor cells in H&E(+) nodes compared to H&E(-) nodes (P = 0.001). EMR1 expression in CC tumor cells correlated with CXCL17 expressing tumor cells.

    CONCLUSION: EMR1, like the chemokine CXCL17, is ectopically expressed in colon cancer possibly in the same cancer cells.

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  • 3.
    Andersson Evelönn, Emma
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Degerman, Sofie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Köhn, Linda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Landfors, Mattias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Ljungberg, Börje
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Roos, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    DNA methylation status defines clinicopathological parameters including survival for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)2016In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 37, no 8, p. 10219-10228Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Epigenetic alterations in the methylome have been associated with tumor development and progression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this study, 45 tumor samples, 12 tumor-free kidney cortex tissues, and 24 peripheral blood samples from patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) were analyzed by genome-wide promoter-directed methylation arrays and related to clinicopathological parameters. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering separated the tumors into two distinct methylation groups (clusters A and B), where cluster B had higher average methylation and increased number of hypermethylated CpG sites (CpGs). Furthermore, tumors in cluster B had, compared with cluster A, a larger tumor diameter (p = 0.033), a higher morphologic grade (p < 0.001), a higher tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (p < 0.001), and a worse prognosis (p = 0.005). Higher TNM stage was correlated to an increase in average methylation level (p = 0.003) and number of hypermethylated CpGs (p = 0.003), whereas a number of hypomethylated CpGs were mainly unchanged. However, the predicted age of the tumors based on methylation profile did not correlate with TNM stage, morphological grade, or methylation cluster. Differently methylated (DM) genes (n = 840) in ccRCC samples compared with tumor-free kidney cortex samples were predominantly hypermethylated and a high proportion were identified as polycomb target genes. The DM genes were overrepresented by transcription factors, ligands, and receptors, indicating functional alterations of significance for ccRCC progression. To conclude, increased number of hypermethylated genes was associated with increased TNM stage of the tumors. DNA methylation classification of ccRCC tumor samples at diagnosis can serve as a clinically applicable prognostic marker in ccRCC.

  • 4. Bjerner, J
    et al.
    Lebedin, Y
    Bellanger, L
    Kuroki, M
    Shively, J E
    Varaas, T
    Nustad, K
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Børmer, O P
    Protein epitopes in carcinoembryonic antigen. Report of the ISOBM TD8 workshop.2002In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 23, no 4, p. 249-62Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To characterize antigenic sites in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) further and to investigate whether there are differences between colon tumor CEA and meconium CEA (NCA-2) that can be detected by anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies (MAb), 19 new anti-CEA MAb were analyzed with respect to specificity, epitope reactivity and affinity. Their reactivities were compared with 10 anti-CEA MAb with known CEA-domain binding specificity that have previously been classified into five nonoverlapping epitope groups, GOLD 1-5. Cross-inhibition assays with antigen-coated microtiter plates and immunoradiometric assays were performed in almost all combinations of MAbs, using conventionally purified CEA (domain structure: N-A1B1-A2B2-A3B3-C) from liver metastasis of colorectal carcinomas, recombinant CEA, meconium CEA (NCA-2), truncated forms of CEA and NCA (CEACAM6) as the antigens. The affinity of the MAbs for CEA was also determined. The new MAbs were generally of high affinity and suitable for immunoassays. Three new MAbs were assigned to GOLD epitope group 5 (N-domain binding), 3 MAbs to group 4 (A1B1 domain), 1 to group 3 (A3B3 domain), 3 to group 2 (A2B2 domain) and 3 to group 1 (also the A3B3 domain). Three MAbs formed a separate group related to group 4, they were classified as GOLD 4' (A1B1 domain binding). The remaining 3 MAbs appear to represent new subspecificities with some relationship to GOLD groups 1, 2 or 4, respectively. Five MAbs, all belonging to epitope group 1 and 3, reacted strongly with tumor CEA but only weakly or not at all with meconium CEA, demonstrating that the two products of the CEA gene differ from each other, probably due to different posttranslational modifications.

  • 5.
    Eriksson, David
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Stigbrand, Torgny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Radiation-induced cell death mechanisms2010In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 31, no 4, p. 363-372Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The main goal when treating malignancies with radiation therapy is to deprive tumor cells of their reproductive potential. One approach to achieve this is by inducing tumor cell apoptosis. Accumulating evidences suggest that induction of apoptosis alone is insufficient to account for the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy. It has become obvious in the last few years that inhibition of the proliferative capacity of malignant cells following irradiation, especially with solid tumors, can occur via alternative cell death modalities or permanent cell cycle arrests, i.e., senescence. In this review, apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe, the two major cell deaths induced by radiation, are described and dissected in terms of activating mechanisms. Furthermore, treatment-induced senescence and its relevance for the outcome of radiotherapy of cancer will be discussed. The importance of p53 for the induction and execution of these different types of cell deaths is highlighted. The efficiency of radiotherapy and radioimmunotherapy has much to gain by understanding the cell death mechanisms that are induced in tumor cells following irradiation. Strategies to use specific inhibitors that will manipulate key molecules in these pathways in combination with radiation might potentiate therapy and enhance tumor cell kill.

  • 6. Farkas, Sanja A.
    et al.
    Befekadu, Rahel
    Hahn-Stroemberg, Victoria
    Nilsson, Torbjörn K.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    DNA methylation and expression of the folate transporter genes in colorectal cancer2015In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 36, no 7, p. 5581-5590Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Folate has a central role in the cell metabolism. This study aims to explore the DNA methylation pattern of the folate transporter genes FOLR1, PCFT, and RFC1 as well as the corresponding protein expressions in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue and adjacent non-cancerous mucosa (ANCM). Our results showed statistically significant differences in the DNA-methylated fraction of all three genes at several gene regions; we identified three differentially methylated CpG sites in the FOLR1 gene, five CpG sites in the PCFT gene, and six CpG sites in the RFC1 gene. There was a pronounced expression of the FR alpha and RFC proteins in both the CRC and ANCM tissues, though the expression was attenuated in cancer compared to the paired ANCM tissues. The PCFT protein was undetectable or expressed at a very low level in both tissue types. Higher methylated fractions of the CpG sites 3-5 in the RFC1 gene were associated with a lower protein expression, suggestive of epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation of the RFC1 gene in the colorectal cancer. Our results did not show any association between the RFC and FR alpha protein expression and tumor stage, TNM classification, or tumor location. In conclusion, this is the first study to simultaneously evaluate both DNA methylation and protein expression of all three folate transporter genes, FOLR1, PCFT, and RFC1, in colorectal cancer. The results encourage further investigation into the possible prognostic implications of folate transporter expression and DNA methylation.

  • 7.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Israelsson, Anne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Teglund, S
    Matsunaga, T
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Evolution of the carcinoembryonic antigen family: Structures of CGM9, CGM11 and pregnancy-specific glycoprotein promoters.2000In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 21, no 2, p. 63-81Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 8. Hahn-Strömberg, Victoria
    et al.
    Askari, Shlear
    Ahmad, Abrar
    Befekadu, Rahel
    Nilsson, Torbjörn K.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Expression of claudin 1, claudin 4, and claudin 7 in colorectal cancer and its relation with CLDN DNA methylation patterns2017In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 39, no 4, article id 697569Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Altered claudin expression has been described in colon, prostatic, ovarian, and breast carcinoma. However, the role of epigenetic modifications in these genes and their role in colorectal cancer is unknown. We aimed our study to investigate whether claudin protein expression and methylation of CLDN can influence the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer. A total of 31 patients diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma was used in this study. Immunohistochemical staining was used to study protein expression in both tumor and the adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa of claudin 1, 4, and 7. To detect the DNA methylation pattern of CLDN1, 4, and 7, genomic DNA was extracted from both the tumor and the adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa. Methylation analysis was carried out using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Cell membrane staining intensity of all claudins was found significantly lower in colorectal cancer tissues when compared to paired normal mucosa (p = 0.001). For claudin 4, the percentage of cells staining positively was also significantly reduced (p = 0.04). In normal mucosa, cytoplasm showed no staining for claudins in any patient, whereas in paired colorectal cancer tissues, significant cytoplasmic staining appeared both for claudin 1 (p = 0.04) and claudin 4 (p = 0.01). Tumor samples were significantly hypomethylated in CLDN1 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results show that CLDN1 is significantly hypomethylated in tumor samples and that the membrane staining intensity for claudin 1, 4, and 7 is significantly lower in colorectal cancer tissues than in adjacent nonneoplastic tissue. Colorectal cancer cells showed dystopic cytoplasmic location of claudins.

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  • 9. Hao, Wende
    et al.
    Zhang, Xuhui
    Xiu, Bingshui
    Yang, Xiqin
    Hu, Shuofeng
    Liu, Zhiqiang
    Duan, Cuimi
    Jin, Shujuan
    Ying, Xiaomin
    Zhao, Yanfeng
    Han, Xiaowei
    Hao, Xiaopeng
    Fan, Yawen
    Johnson, Heather
    Meng, Di
    Persson, Jenny L.
    Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine in Malmö, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Zhang, Heqiu
    Feng, XiaoYan
    Huang, Yan
    Vitronectin: a promising breast cancer serum biomarker for early diagnosis of breast cancer in patients2016In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 37, no 7, p. 8909-8916Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, identification of new biomarkers for early diagnosis and detection will improve the clinical outcome of breast cancer patients. In the present study, we determined serum levels of vitronectin (VN) in 93 breast cancer patients, 30 benign breast lesions, 9 precancerous lesions, and 30 healthy individuals by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Serum VN level was significantly higher in patients with stage 0-I primary breast cancer than in healthy individuals, patients with benign breast lesion or precancerous lesions, as well as those with breast cancer of higher stages. Serum VN level was significantly and negatively correlated with tumor size, lymph node status, and clinical stage (p < 0.05 in all cases). In addition, VN displayed higher area under curve (AUC) value (0.73, 95 % confidence interval (CI) [0.62-0.84]) than carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (0.64, 95 % CI [0.52-0.77]) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) (0.69, 95 % CI [0.58-0.81]) when used to distinguish stage 0-I cancer and normal control. Importantly, the combined use of three biomarkers yielded an improvement in receiver operating characteristic curve with an AUC of 0.83, 95 % CI [0.74-0.92]. Taken together, our current study showed for the first time that serum VN is a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of breast cancer when combined with CEA and CA15-3.

  • 10.
    Labani-Motlagh, Alireza
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Israelsson, Pernilla
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Ottander, Ulrika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Nagaev, Ivan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Nagaeva, Olga
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Dehlin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Differential expression of ligands for NKG2D and DNAM-1 receptors by epithelial ovarian cancer-derived exosomes and its influence on NK cell cytotoxicity2016In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 37, no 4, p. 5455-5466Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cancers constitutively produce and secrete into the blood and other biofluids 30-150 nm-sized endosomal vehicles called exosomes. Cancer-derived exosomes exhibit powerful influence on a variety of biological mechanisms to the benefit of the tumors that produce them. We studied the immunosuppressive ability of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) exosomes on two cytotoxic pathways of importance for anticancer immunity-the NKG2D receptor-ligand pathway and the DNAM-1-PVR/nectin-2 pathway. Using exosomes, isolated from EOC tumor explant and EOC cell-line culture supernatants, and ascitic fluid from EOC patients, we studied the expression of NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligands on EOC exosomes and their ability to downregulate the cognate receptors. Our results show that EOC exosomes differentially and constitutively express NKG2D ligands from both MICA/B and ULBP families on their surface, while DNAM-1 ligands are more seldom expressed and not associated with the exosomal membrane surface. Consequently, the NKG2D ligand-bearing EOC exosomes significantly downregulated the NKG2D receptor expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) while the DNAM-1 receptor was unaffected. The downregulation of NKG2D receptor expression was coupled to inhibition of NKG2D receptor-ligand-mediated degranulation and cytotoxicity measured in vitro with OVCAR-3 and K562 cells as targets. The EOC exosomes acted as a decoy impairing the NKG2D mediated cytotoxicity while the DNAM-1 receptor-ligand system remained unchanged. Taken together, our results support and explain the mechanism behind the recently reported finding that in EOC, NK-cell recognition and killing of tumor cells was mainly dependent on DNAM-1 signaling while the contribution of the NKG2D receptor-ligand pathway was complementary and uncertain.

  • 11.
    Lindgren, Theres
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Stigbrand, Torgny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Raberg, A
    Riklund, Katrine
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology.
    Johansson, Lennart
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics.
    Eriksson, David
    Genome wide expression analysis of radiation induced DNA damage responses in isogenic HCT 116 cell lines2012In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 33, no Suppl. 1, p. 76-76Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Lindgren, Theres
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Stigbrand, Torgny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Riklund, Katrine
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology.
    Johansson, Lennart
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics.
    Eriksson, David
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Gene expression profiling in MOLT-4 cells during gamma-radiation-induced apoptosis2012In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 33, no 3, p. 689-700Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to identify the temporal changes in gene expression in MOLT-4, a leukemia cell line, in response to radiation and to present a comprehensive description of the pathways and processes that most significantly relate to the cellular biological responses. A global gene expression profile of 24,500 genes was performed on MOLT-4 tumor cells following exposure to 5 Gy of ionizing radiation (Co-60) using a bead chip array (Illumina). Signaling pathways and processes significantly altered following irradiation were explored using MetaCore. Cellular viability [3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide], activation of cell cycle checkpoints [fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)], and induction of apoptosis (FACS, caspase assays) were evaluated to correlate these biological responses to the gene expression changes. Totally, 698 different genes displayed a significantly altered expression following radiation, and out of these transcripts, all but one showed increased expression. One hour following irradiation, the expression was changed only for a few genes. Striking changes appeared at later time-points. From 3 to 24 h post-irradiation, a significant fraction of the genes with altered expression were found to be involved in cell cycle checkpoints and their regulation (CDKN1A), DNA repair (GADD45A, DDB2, XPC), apoptosis induction (DR5, FasR, Apo-2L, Bax), and T-cell activation/proliferation (CD70, OX40L). Irradiated MOLT-4 cells were arrested at the G2-checkpoint, followed by a decrease in cell viability, most pronounced 48 h after exposure. The cell death was executed by induced apoptosis and was visualized by an increase in subG1 cells and an increased activation of initiator (caspase-8 and caspase-9) and execution (caspase-3) caspases. Activation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis correlated well in time with the changes in gene expression of those genes important for these biological processes. Activation of the apoptotic signaling pathways in MOLT-4 cells following irradiation includes components from the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic apoptotic pathways. This study indicates that the altered gene expression pattern induced by irradiation is important for the sequential steps observed in MOLT-4 cells during apoptosis induction.

  • 13.
    Nyström, Hanna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Tavelin, Björn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Björklund, Moa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Naredi, Peter
    Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sund, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Improved tumour marker sensitivity in detecting colorectal liver metastases by combined type IV collagen and CEA measurement2015In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 36, no 12, p. 9839-9847Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the best circulating tumour marker for colorectal liver metastasis (CLM) but has suboptimal sensitivity and specificity. Circulating type IV collagen (COLIV) is a new potential CLM marker. Here, COLIV and CEA were measured in patients with resectable CLM. COLIV levels were also related to the type of CLM. The prognostic value of these markers and the type of CLM on survival was evaluated. Preoperative plasma samples (n = 94) from patients (n = 85) with CLM undergoing liver resection were used. Seven patients underwent repeated liver resection. Samples from 118 healthy individuals served as control. Samples after liver resection (n = 27) were analysed and related to recurrence. COLIV and CEA levels were analysed, and the type of CLM was classified using paraffinated tissue. Results were analysed by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. CLM patients had significantly elevated levels of COLIV compared to controls (p = 0.001). The sensitivity of COLIV was not better than CEA, but improved sensitivity for detecting CLM was observed with a combination of the two markers compared to using either marker alone (p = 0.001). Circulating COLIV was elevated in 81 % and CEA in 56 % of CLM patients at diagnosis, and high marker levels were related to poor survival. In follow-up samples (n = 27), patients with CLM recurrence (n = 14) had significantly elevated COLIV levels compared to patients without postoperative recurrence (n = 10) (p = 0.001). COLIV is a promising tumour marker for CLM and can possibly be used to detect postoperative CLM recurrence. The combination of COLIV and CEA is superior to either marker alone in detecting CLM.

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  • 14.
    Ohlsson, Lina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Lindmark, Gudrun
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Sitohy, Basel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Evaluating macrophage migration inhibitory factor 1 expression as a prognostic biomarker in colon cancer2020In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 42, no 6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: Several studies indicate that macrophage migration inhibitory factor 1 plays a role for tumor progression in colon cancer. We investigated whether determination of migration inhibitory factor 1 mRNA expression levels in lymph nodes of colon cancer patients could be used as a prognostic marker.

    METHODS: Expression levels of migration inhibitory factor 1 and carcinoembryonic antigen mRNAs were assessed in primary tumors and regional lymph nodes of 123 colon cancer patients (stages I-IV), and in colon cancer- and immune cell lines using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Expression of migration inhibitory factor 1 protein was investigated by two-color immunohistochemistry and immunomorphometry.

    RESULTS: Migration inhibitory factor 1 mRNA was expressed at 60 times higher levels in primary colon cancer tumors compared to normal colonic tissue (medians 8.2 and 0.2 mRNA copies/18S rRNA unit; p < .0001). A highly significant difference in mRNA expression levels was found between hematoxylin-eosin positive lymph nodes and hematoxylin-eosin negative lymph nodes (p < .0001). Migration inhibitory factor 1 and carcinoembryonic antigen proteins were simultaneously expressed in many colon cancer-tumor cells. Kaplan-Meier survival model and hazard ratio analysis, using a cutoff level at 2.19 mRNA copies/18S rRNA unit, revealed that patients with lymph nodes expressing high levels of migration inhibitory factor 1 mRNA had a 3.5-fold (p = .04) higher risk for recurrence, associated with a small, but significant, difference in mean survival time (7 months, p = .03) at 12 years of follow-up.

    CONCLUSION: Although migration inhibitory factor 1 mRNA expression levels were related to severity of disease and lymph node analysis revealed that colon cancer patients with high levels had a shorter survival time after surgery than those with low levels, the difference was small and probably not useful in clinical practice.

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  • 15.
    Papworth, Karin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Bergh, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Ljungberg, Börje
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Rasmuson, Torgny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Expression of erythropoietin and its receptor in human renal cell carcinoma2009In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 86-92Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To investigate the prognostic impact of erythropoietin (EPO) and EPO-receptor (EPO-R) expression in tumour as well as serum EPO in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

    Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, EPO and EPO-R were assessed in tissue microarrays from 195 RCCs. RCC type, TNM stage, nuclear grade, survival, EPO and haemoglobin (Hb) levels in blood were registered.

    Results: Strong expression of EPO and EPO-R in tumour tissue was found in 83 and 56%, respectively. EPO and EPO-R expression differed between RCC types. Serum EPO and blood Hb did not correlate to the expression of EPO or EPO-R. A positive correlation was found between the expression of EPO and EPO-R (p = 0.028). Survival was not related to tumour EPO, whereas strong EPO-R expression indicated a non-significantly worse prognosis. Serum EPO correlated positively to TNM stage and nuclear grade and negatively to survival. A multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage and nuclear grade were independent prognostic factors. Tumour EPO and EPO-R expression as well as serum EPO added no independent prognostic information.

    Conclusion: No correlation between EPO or EPO-R in tumour tissue and serum EPO or blood Hb was found. Neither EPO, EPO-R in tumour tissue nor serum EPO are independent prognostic factors.

  • 16.
    Papworth, Karin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Ljungberg, Börje
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Rasmuson, Torgny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Parathyroid hormone-related protein and serum calcium in patients with renal cell carcinoma2005In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 26, no 4, p. 201-206Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To evaluate serum parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in relation to serum calcium and clinical outcome of patients with renal cell carcinoma.

    Methods: Sera from 243 patients with renal cell carcinoma were collected prior to therapy. Serum PTHrP was analyzed using an immunoradiometric assay. Tumour stage, nuclear grade, corrected serum calcium, and survival were assessed.

    Results: Serum PTHrP was detectable in 37/243 sera (15%) and hypercalcaemia (≥2.60 mmol/l) in 32/220 (15%). A positive correlation between serum PTHrP and serum calcium was found (r = 0.326; p < 0.01). Following subdivision of the material, based on storage time, the frequency of detectable serum PTHrP seemed to decrease with time. Serum calcium, but not serum PTHrP, was correlated to tumour stage (p < 0.001). Survival was similar for patients with detectable and undetectable PTHrP, but those with hypercalcaemia had a significantly shorter survival time compared to those with normal serum calcium (p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that tumour stage and serum calcium were independent prognostic factors, but not grade or PTHrP.

    Conclusions: A positive relation of serum PTHrP to serum calcium was demonstrated in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Hypercalcaemia but not serum PTHrP predicted a worse prognosis.

  • 17. Paus, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Haugen, Mads Haugland
    Olsen, Kari Hauge
    Flatmark, Kjersti
    Maelandsmo, Gunhild Mari
    Nilsson, Olle
    Röijer, Eva
    Lundin, Maria
    Fermér, Christian
    Samsonova, Maria
    Lebedin, Yuri
    Stigbrand, Torgny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    TD-11 workshop report: characterization of monoclonal antibodies to S100 proteins2011In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 32, no 1, p. 1-12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fourteen monoclonal antibodies with specificity against native or recombinant antigens within the S100 family were investigated with regard to immunoreactivity. The specificities of the antibodies were studied using ELISA tests, Western blotting epitope mapping using competitive assays, and QCM technology. The mimotopes of antibodies against S100A4 were determined by random peptide phage display libraries. Antibody specificity was also tested by IHC and pair combinations evaluated for construction of immunoradiometric assays for S100B. Out of the 14 antibodies included in this report eight demonstrated specificity to S100B, namely MAbs 4E3, 4D2, S23, S53, 6G1, S21, S36, and 8B10. This reactivity could be classified into four different epitope groups using competing studies. Several of these MAbs did display minor reactivity to other S100 proteins when they were presented in denatured form. Only one of the antibodies, MAb 3B10, displayed preferential reactivity to S100A1; however, it also showed partial cross-reactivity with S100A10 and S100A13. Three antibodies, MAbs 20.1, 22.3, and S195, were specific for recombinant S100A4 in solution. Western blot revealed that MAb 20.1 and 22.3 recognized linear epitopes of S100A4, while MAb S195 reacted with a conformational dependent epitope. Surprisingly, MAb 14B3 did not demonstrate any reactivity to the panel of antigens used in this study.

  • 18.
    Rashad, Yomna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Olsson, Lina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Israelsson, Anne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Öberg, Åke
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Lindmark, Gudrun
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Sitohy, Basel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Lymph node CXCL17 messenger RNA: A new prognostic biomarker for colon cancer2018In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 40, no 9, article id 1010428318799251Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic characteristic of colorectal cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen messenger RNA was shown to detect tumor cells that have disseminated to lymph nodes of colorectal cancer patients and to be at least as good as the hematoxylin and eosin method to predict survival in colorectal cancer patients. CXCL17 was recently shown to be ectopically expressed in colon cancer tumors. Therefore, CXCL17 may serve as prognostic marker alone or in combination with carcinoembryonic antigen. CXCL17 and carcinoembryonic antigen messenger RNA levels were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with RNA copy standard in 389 lymph nodes of 120 colon cancer patients (stages I–IV) and 67 lymph nodes of 12 control patients with inflammatory bowel disease as well as in 68 primary tumors and 30 normal colon tissue samples. Lymph nodes of colon cancer patients were analyzed for CXCL17 and carcinoembryonic antigen protein expression by immunohistochemistry. CXCL17 messenger RNA was expressed in primary tumors at high levels, while it was barely detected in normal colon tissue (p < 0.0001). Similarly, CXCL17 messenger RNA levels were significantly higher in hematoxylin- and eosin-positive (hematoxylin and eosin (+)) lymph nodes compared to hematoxylin- and eosin-negative nodes (p < 0.0001). CXCL17 messenger RNA levels were investigated in lymph nodes grouped according to carcinoembryonic antigen messenger RNA levels: low (–), intermediate (int), and high (+). CXCL17 messenger RNA levels were higher in the carcinoembryonic antigen (int) and carcinoembryonic antigen (+) groups compared to the carcinoembryonic antigen (−) group (p = 0.03 and p < 0.0001, respectively). In lymph nodes of stage III and IV patients, CXCL17 messenger RNA levels correlated with carcinoembryonic antigen messenger RNA levels (p < 0.0001, r = 0.56 and p = 0.0002, r = 0.66, respectively). Staining of consecutive lymph node sections for CXCL17 and carcinoembryonic antigen demonstrated that the same cells expressed both proteins. Altogether, these results indicate that CXCL17 in lymph nodes is expressed by tumor cells. Patients were grouped according to the CXCL17 mRNA levels in the highest lymph node with low levels (−) and high levels (+). CXCL17(+) CC patients showed 2.2 fold increased risk for recurrence (P = 0.03) and decreased mean disease-free survival time of 33 months compared to CXCL17(−) CC patients (P = 0.03). CXCL17(+) carcinoembryonic antigen (int) colon cancer patients showed increased risk for recurrence by 8.3 fold (p = 0.04) and decreased mean disease-free survival time of 46 months compared to CXCL17(−) carcinoembryonic antigen (int) colon cancer patient at follow-up after 12 years (p = 0.02). The presence of tumor cells expressing CXCL17 in regional lymph nodes is a sign of poor prognosis. Analysis of CXCL17 messenger RNA is particularly useful to detect less differentiated colon cancer tumors expressing relatively low carcinoembryonic antigen messenger RNA levels. Thus, CXCL17 messenger RNA in combination with carcinoembryonic antigen messenger RNA may be used as a complementary tool to the hematoxylin and eosin method for detection of poorly differentiated, aggressive tumors.

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  • 19.
    Rentoft, Matilda
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Coates, Philip John
    Univ Dundee, Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Tayside Tissue Bank, Med Res Inst, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland.
    Loljung, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Wilms, Torben
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology.
    Laurell, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology. Univ Uppsala Hosp, Dept Surg Sci ENT, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Nylander, Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Expression of CXCL10 is associated with response to radiotherapy and overall survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue2014In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 35, no 5, p. 4191-4198Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Five-year survival for patients with oral cancer has been disappointingly stable during the last decades, creating a demand for new biomarkers and treatment targets. Lately, much focus has been set on immunomodulation as a possible treatment or an adjuvant increasing sensitivity to conventional treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic importance of response to radiotherapy in tongue carcinoma patients as well as the expression of the CXC-chemokines in correlation to radiation response in the same group of tumours. Thirty-eight patients with tongue carcinoma that had received radiotherapy followed by surgery were included. The prognostic impact of pathological response to radiotherapy, N-status, T-stage, age and gender was evaluated using Cox's regression models, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and chi-square test. The expression of 23 CXC-chemokine ligands and their receptors were evaluated in all patients using microarray and qPCR and correlated with response to treatment using logistic regression. Pathological response to radiotherapy was independently associated to overall survival with a 2-year survival probability of 81% for patients showing a complete pathological response, while patients with a non-complete response only had a probability of 42% to survive for 2 years (p = 0.016). The expression of one CXC-chemokine, CXCL10, was significantly associated with response to radiotherapy and the group of patients with the highest CXCL10 expression responded, especially poorly (p = 0.01). CXCL10 is a potential marker for response to radiotherapy and overall survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

  • 20. Rye, Phil D
    et al.
    Rittenhouse, Harry
    Stigbrand, Torgny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Up close and personal: molecular diagnostics in oncology2004In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 25, no 4, p. 217-220Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The almost overwhelming volume of information and new technological developments that has demanded so much of our scientific attention over the last decade will shortly revolutionize clinical diagnostics. Some of these developments are already affecting the working lives of scientists and clinicians alike, but will eventually require a greater understanding and acceptance from a much wider audience. Therefore it is important in our current scientific endeavor and commercial enthusiasm for molecular diagnostics that we maintain some awareness of the significant obstacles that must be overcome if we are to see an appropriate, timely and widespread adoption of molecular diagnostic testing in oncology. This article presents a brief commentary on the current state of the art in molecular diagnostics in oncology and how this relates to a more personalized approach to treatment.

  • 21. Rye, Phil D
    et al.
    Stigbrand, Torgny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Interfering with cancer: a brief outline of advances in RNA interference in oncology2004In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 25, no 5-6, p. 329-336Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent and ubiquitous gene-silencing mechanism that is generating considerable excitement in the fields of molecular biology and gene therapy. It is now in widespread use for loss-of-function analysis in many diseases including cancer. Nevertheless, RNAi is still in its infancy, with new discoveries appearing on a monthly basis. This article presents a brief outline of the history and recent advances in RNAi with a specific focus on its potential in oncology.

  • 22. Rye, Phil D
    et al.
    Stigbrand, Torgny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    The bioinformatic catalyst in the kallikrein family2004In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 25, no 5-6, p. 327-328Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 23.
    Sandlund, Johanna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Hedberg, Ylva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Bergh, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Ljungberg, Börje
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Rasmuson, Torgny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Evaluation of CD31 (PECAM-1) expression using tissue microarray in patients with renal cell carcinoma.2007In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 28, no 3, p. 158-164Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 24. Sooman, Linda
    et al.
    Ekman, Simon
    Tsakonas, Georgios
    Jaiswal, Archita
    Navani, Sanjay
    Edqvist, Per-Henrik
    Ponten, Fredrik
    Bergstrom, Stefan
    Johansson, Mikael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences.
    Wu, Xuping
    Blomquist, Erik
    Bergqvist, Michael
    Gullbo, Joachim
    Lennartsson, Johan
    PTPN6 expression is epigenetically regulated and influences survival and response to chemotherapy in high-grade gliomas2014In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 35, no 5, p. 4479-4488Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The prognosis of high-grade glioma patients is poor, and the tumors are characterized by resistance to therapy. The aims of this study were to analyze the prognostic value of the expression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6, also referred to as SHP1) in high-grade glioma patients, the epigenetic regulation of the expression of PTPN6, and the role of its expression in chemotherapy resistance in glioma-derived cells. PTPN6 expression was analyzed with immunohistochemistry in 89 high-grade glioma patients. Correlation between PTPN6 expression and overall survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis and Cox regression multivariate analysis. Differences in drug sensitivity to a panel of 16 chemotherapeutic drugs between PTPN6-overexpressing clones and control clones were analyzed in vitro with the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay. Cell cycle analysis was done with Krishan staining and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was analyzed with a cell death detection ELISA kit as well as cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 Western blotting. Autophagy was analyzed with LC3B Western blotting. Methylation of the PTPN6 promoter was analyzed with bisulfite pyrosequencing, and demethylation of PTPN6 was done with decitabine treatment. The PTPN6 expression correlated in univariate analysis to poor survival for anaplastic glioma patients (p = 0.026). In glioma-derived cell lines, overexpression of PTPN6 caused increase resistance (p < 0.05) to the chemotherapeutic drugs bortezomib, cisplatin, and melphalan. PTPN6 expression did not affect bortezomib-induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or autophagy. Low PTPN6 promoter methylation correlated to protein expression, and the protein expression was increased upon demethylation in glioma-derived cells. PTPN6 expression may be a factor contributing to poor survival for anaplastic glioma patients, and in glioma-derived cells, its expression is epigenetically regulated and influences the response to chemotherapy.

  • 25.
    Späth, Florentin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Andersson, Ulrika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Dahlin, Anna M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
    Langseth, Hilde
    Hovig, Eivind
    Johannesen, Tom Borge
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Björkblom, Benny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Wibom, Carl
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
    Melin, Beatrice
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Pre-diagnostic serum levels of EGFR and ErbB2 and genetic glioma risk variants: a nested case-control study2016In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 37, no 8, p. 11065-11072Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Genetic variants have been associated with the risk of developing glioma, but functional mechanisms on disease phenotypic traits remain to be investigated. One phenotypic trait of glioblastoma is the mutation and amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. We investigated associations between pre-diagnostic serum protein concentrations of EGFR and ErbB2, both members of the EGFR family, and future risk of glioma. Further, we studied if EGFR glioma risk variants were associated with EGFR and ErbB2 serum levels. We assessed the associations between genetic glioma risk variants and serum concentrations of EGFR and ErbB2, as measured in pre-diagnostic cohort serum samples of 593 glioma patients and 590 matched cancer-free controls. High serum EGFR and ErbB2 levels were associated with risk of developing glioblastoma (P = 0.008; OR = 1.58, 95 % CI = 1.13-2.22 and P = 0.017, OR = 1.63, 95 % CI = 1.09-2.44, respectively). High serum ErbB2 concentration was also associated with glioma risk overall (P = 0.049; OR = 1.39, 95 % CI = 1.00-1.93). Glioma risk variants were not associated with high serum protein abundance. In contrast, the EGFR risk variant rs4947986 (T) was correlated with decreased EGFR serum levels (study cohort P = 0.024 and controls P = 0.009). To our knowledge, this is the first study showing an association of EGFR and ErbB2 serum levels with glioma more than a decade before diagnosis, indicating that EGFR and ErbB2 serum proteins are important in early gliomagenesis. However, we did not find evidence that glioma risk variants were associated with high pre-diagnostic serum concentrations of EGFR and ErbB2.

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  • 26.
    Stigbrand, Torgny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    The rapidly changing landscape of scientific publishing2017In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 39, no 1, article id 687894Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 27.
    Stigbrand, Torgny
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hietala, Sven-Ola
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology.
    Johansson, B
    Makiya, R
    Riklund, Katrine
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology.
    Ekelund, Leif
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology.
    Tumour radioimmunolocalization in nude mice by use of antiplacental alkaline phosphatase monoclonal antibodies.1989In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 10, no 5, p. 243-251Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Three monoclonal antibodies and their Fab and Fab'2 fragments with specificity against human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) were evaluated for tumour immunolocalization of human PLAP-producing Hela Hep 2 tumours in nude mice. The antibodies and their fragments were labelled with 125I and injected intraperitoneally in mice with developing Hep 2 tumours. The animals were followed individually for 14 days with repetitive computerized gamma-camera recordings, which enable quantitation of several crucial parameters, i.e. the time-dependent antibody uptake in the tumours, decrease in background activity and tumour/background ratio. Excellent radioimmunolocalization was obtained with both the intact PLAP-specific immunoglobulins and their fragments but not with the nonspecific antibodies. No background subtraction had to be used. As much as 15% of the initially injected dose could be visualized in the tumours and for the uncleaved mab up to 80% of the radioactivity in the animals was retained in the tumours after 14 days, a considerably longer observation time than usually reported in such tumour xenograft models. The Fab and Fab'2 fragments were found to be excreted fast with less than 5% of the injected dose remaining in the animals after 48 h, but still with positive specific localization to the tumours after an initial high uptake in the kidneys. The results are encouraging and indicate significant potentials of the PLAP-antiPLAP mab system for immunolocalization studies in patients.

  • 28.
    Svenson, Ulrika
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Roos, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Wikström, Pernilla
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Long leukocyte telomere length in prostate cancer patients at diagnosis is associated with poor metastasis-free and cancer-specific survival2017In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 39, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous studies have suggested that leukocyte telomere length is associated with risk of developing prostate cancer. Investigations of leukocyte telomere length as a prognostic factor in prostate cancer are, however, lacking. In this study, leukocyte telomere length was investigated both as a risk marker, comparing control subjects and patient risk groups (based on serum levels of prostate-specific antigen, tumor differentiation, and tumor stage), and as a prognostic marker for metastasis-free and cancer-specific survival. Relative telomere length was measured by a well-established quantitative polymerase chain reaction method in 415 consecutively sampled individuals. Statistical evaluation included 162 control subjects without cancer development during follow-up and 110 untreated patients with newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer at the time of blood draw. Leukocyte telomere length did not differ significantly between control subjects and patients, or between patient risk groups. Interestingly, however, and in line with our previous results in breast and kidney cancer patients, relative telomere length at diagnosis was an independent prognostic factor. Patients with long leukocyte telomeres (>= median) had a significantly worse prostate cancer-specific and metastasisfree survival compared to patients with short telomere length. In contrast, for patients who died of other causes than prostate cancer, long relative telomere length was not coupled to shorter survival time. To our knowledge, these results are novel and give further strength to our hypothesis that leukocyte telomere length might be used as a prognostic marker in malignancy.

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  • 29.
    Svenson, Ulrika
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Öberg, Åke
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences.
    Stenling, Roger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Palmqvist, Richard
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Roos, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Telomere length in peripheral leukocytes is associated with immune cell tumor infiltration and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients2016In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 37, no 8, p. 10877-10882Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Telomeres are protective structures at the end of chromosomes, essential for chromosomal integrity. A large number of studies have investigated leukocyte telomere length as a possible risk marker for various cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) included. In contrast, studies investigating leukocyte telomere length in relation to CRC survival are lacking. We previously reported that relative telomere length (RTL) of leukocytes collected at diagnosis predicted survival in patients with breast and kidney cancer. We suggested that these findings might reflect various immunological mechanisms, affected by the presence of a tumor. In the present study, leukocyte RTL was examined in relation to immune cell tumor infiltration and prognosis in 130 patients with CRC diagnosis. RTL was measured with a well-established qPCR method. We found that patients with the highest degree of lymphocyte tumor infiltration had shorter leukocyte RTL. Consistent with our previous findings, short RTL was a favorable prognostic marker in univariate survival analysis. In the current study, RTL did not remain as an independent predictor in multivariate survival analysis, when including metastatic status in the model. However, a non-significant trend towards a similar telomere-associated survival pattern was observed in patients with limited disease. In contrast, for patients who died of other causes than CRC, short RTL was associated with significantly shorter survival time. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate an association between leukocyte RTL, immune cell tumor infiltration, and cancer-specific survival in CRC patients. Larger studies are warranted to verify these findings.

  • 30.
    Wikberg, Maria L.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Edin, Sofia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Lundberg, Ida V.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Dahlin, Anna M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Rutegård, Jörgen
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Stenling, Roger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Öberg, Åke
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Palmqvist, Richard
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    High intratumoral expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in colon cancer is associated with poorer patient prognosis.2013In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 34, no 2, p. 1013-1020Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    -An active stroma is important for cancer cell invasion and metastasis. We investigated the expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in relation to patient prognosis in colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer specimens from 449 patients were immunohistochemically stained with a FAP antibody and evaluated in the tumor center and tumor front using a semiquantitative four-level scale. FAP was expressed by fibroblasts in 85-90 % of the tumors examined. High versus no/low expression in the tumor center was associated with poor prognosis (multivariate hazard ratio, HR = 1.72; 95 % CI 1.07-2.77, p = 0.025). FAP expression in the tumor front, though more frequent than in the tumor center, was not associated with prognosis. FAP expression in the tumor center was more common in specimens with positive microsatellite instability (MSI) screening status and in patients with high CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) status. However, inclusion of MSI screening status and CIMP status in the multivariate analysis strengthened the risk estimates for high FAP expression in the tumor center (HR = 1.89; 95 % CI 1.13-3.14; p = 0.014), emphasizing the role of FAP as an independent prognostic factor. Stromal FAP expression is common in colorectal cancer, and we conclude that high FAP expression in the tumor center, but not the tumor front, is an independent negative prognostic factor.

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  • 31. Xiao, Kefeng
    et al.
    Guo, Jinan
    Zhang, Xuhui
    Feng, Xiaoyan
    Zhang, Heqiu
    Cheng, Zhiqiang
    Johnson, Heather
    Persson, Jenny L.
    Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Chen, Lingwu
    Use of two gene panels for prostate cancer diagnosis and patient risk stratification2016In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 37, no 8, p. 10115-10122Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Currently, no ideal prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic or prognostic test is available due to the lack of biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. There is an unmet medical need to develop combinations of multiple biomarkers which may have higher accuracy in detection of PCa and stratification of aggressive and indolent cancer patients. The aim of this study was to test two biomarker gene panels in distinguishing PCa from benign prostate and high-risk, aggressive PCa from low-risk, indolent PCa, respectively. We identified a five-gene panel that can be used to distinguish PCa from benign prostate. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression signature of the five genes was determined in 144 PCa and benign prostate specimens from prostatectomy. We showed that the five-gene panel distinguished PCa from benign prostate with sensitivity of 96.59 %, specificity of 92.86 %, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.992 (p < 0.0001). The five-gene panel was further validated in a 137 specimen cohort and showed sensitivity of 84.62 %, specificity of 91.84 %, and AUC of 0.942 (p < 0.0001). To define subtypes of PCa for treatment guidance, we examined mRNA expression signature of an eight-gene panel in 87 PCa specimens from prostatectomy. The signature of the eight-gene panel was able to distinguish aggressive PCa (Gleason score >6) from indolent PCa (Gleason score ≤6) with sensitivity of 90.28 %, specificity of 80.00 %, and AUC of 0.967 (p < 0.0001). This panel was further validated in a 158 specimen cohort and showed significant difference between aggressive PCa and indolent PCa with sensitivity of 92.57 %, specificity of 70.00 %, and AUC of 0.962 (p < 0.0001). Our findings in assessing multiple biomarkers in combination may provide new tools to detect PCa and distinguish aggressive and indolent PCa for precision and personalized treatment. The two biomarker panels may be used in clinical settings for accurate PCa diagnosis and patient risk stratification for biomarker-guided treatment.

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