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  • 1. Aggett, P J
    et al.
    Haschke, F
    Heine, W
    Hernell, Olle
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Koletzko, B
    Rey, J
    Rubino, A
    Schöch, G
    Senterre, J
    Strobel, S
    Comment on antigen-reduced infant formulae. ESPGAN Committee on Nutrition.1993In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 82, no 3, p. 314-9Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2. Allansson Kjölhede, Elin
    et al.
    Gustafsson, Per E.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Gustafsson, P. A.
    Nelson, N.
    Overweight and obese children have lower cortisol levels than normal weight children2014In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 103, no 3, p. 295-299Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: The stress hormone cortisol is vital to survival, and a disturbed circadian rhythm can be deleterious to health. However, little is known about cortisol levels in healthy children. The aim of this study was to examine cortisol levels in relation to body mass index (BMI), age and sex. METHODS: Salivary samples were collected in early morning, late morning and evening, on four consecutive days, from 342 children aged 6-12years using Salivette((R)) tubes. Samples were analysed using a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA). School nurses measured the children's height and weight, and these measurements were used to calculate their BMI. RESULTS: The children displayed a circadian rhythm in cortisol secretion, with morning zeniths and evening nadirs. Average cortisol levels in early morning, late morning and evening were significantly lower in overweight and obese children than in their normal weight counterparts. Cortisol levels did not vary significantly with age or sex. CONCLUSION: Our findings may suggest cortisol suppression in overweight and obese children. We found no evidence that sex or age influences cortisol levels. These findings highlight the need for further research on the relationship between stress and obesity in children.

  • 3.
    Alm, Stina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Stoltz Sjöström, Elisabeth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Nilsson Sommar, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Erythrocyte transfusions increased the risk of elevated serum ferritin in very low birth weight infants and were associated with altered longitudinal growth2020In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 109, no 7, p. 1354-1360Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: There has been a lack of population‐based longitudinal data on serum ferritin in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during hospitalisation. Our aim was to fill this gap in the knowledge and investigate risk factors for elevated serum ferritin and associations between erythrocyte transfusions and longitudinal growth.

    Methods: We retrospectively reviewed longitudinal data on 126 VLBW infants treated at Umeå University Hospital, Sweden, between 2010‐2013.

    Results: The infants’ mean gestational age and birth weight were 26.9 weeks and 899 grams. Most (91%) received erythrocyte transfusions and the majority had multiple erythrocyte transfusions. There was a significant correlation between serum ferritin and the volume of transfusions. Almost two‐thirds had at least one serum ferritin measurement of more than 350 µg/L, indicating iron overload. In those with complete anthropometric data (n=78) there was no significant effect of serum ferritin concentrations in relation to longitudinal growth, but there was a positive association between the erythrocyte transfusion dose and longitudinal growth in VLBW infants born before 25 weeks.

    Conclusion: This is the first population‐based study to investigate longitudinal data on serum ferritin in VLBW infants during hospitalisation. The unexpected positive finding in the subgroup born at less than 25 weeks needs further research with a larger cohort.

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  • 4.
    Amin, Leila
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Skoglund, Charlotte
    Wester, Tomas
    Löf Granström, Anna
    Swedish national population-based study shows an increased risk of depression among patients with Hirschsprung disease2019In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 108, no 10, p. 1867-1870Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Hirschsprung disease is usually treated during infancy. The long-term impact on mental health has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to assess the risk for depressive disorders in individuals with Hirschsprung disease.

    Methods: This was a nationwide, population-based cohort study. The study exposure was Hirschsprung disease and the study outcome was depression. The exposed cohort included all individuals with Hirschsprung disease, registered in the Swedish National Patient Register between 1964 and 2013 and the unexposed cohort included ten age- and sex-matched controls per patient. The diagnosis of depression was confirmed by diagnosis in the Swedish National Patient Register.

    Results: The cohort included 739 (76.5% males) individuals with Hirschsprung disease and 7390 (76.5% males) controls. Among the patients with Hirschsprung disease, 35 (4.7%) of the patients had had a depressive disorder and 187 (2.5%) of controls, hazard ratio 1.98, 95% confidence interval 1.38-2.84. The mean age at diagnosis of first depression was 21.9 years (SD +/- 7) in Hirschsprung disease patients and 23.4 years (SD +/- 7), p = 0.236 in the unexposed group. There were no significant gender differences.

    Conclusion: We found an increased risk of having depressive disorders among individuals with Hirschsprung disease compared to controls.

  • 5.
    Andersson, Christer
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Hultdin, Johan
    Schmauch, Annelie
    Dahlquist, Gisela
    Acute intermittent porphyria in childhood - a population-based study2003In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 92, p. 562-568Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 6. Andersson, Ola
    et al.
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Andersson, Dan
    Hellström-Westas, Lena
    Effects of delayed cord clamping on neurodevelopment and infection at four months of age: a randomised trial2013In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 102, no 5, p. 525-531Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim To investigate the effect that delayed and early umbilical cord clamping have on neurodevelopment, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and symptoms of infection during the first 4months of life.

    Methods Full-term infants (n=382) were randomised to delayed (180sec) or early cord clamping (10sec). The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) was used to assess neurodevelopment at 4months. Immunoglobulin G was measured at birth, 23days and 4months. Parents recorded any symptoms indicating infection during the first 4months of life.

    Results The total scores from the ASQ did not differ between groups. However, the delayed cord clamping (DCC) group had a higher mean (SD) score in the problem-solving domain [55.3 (7.2) vs. 53.5 (8.2), p=0.03] at 4months and a lower mean (SD) score in the personal-social domain [49.5 (9.3) vs. 51.8 (8.1), p=0.01]. The IgG level was higher in the DCC group at 23days (11.7 vs. 11.0g/L, p=0.004), but did not differ between the groups at 4months. Symptoms of infection were comparable between the groups.

    Conclusion Delayed cord clamping did not affect overall neurodevelopment or symptoms of infection up to 4months of age, but may have an impact on specific neurodevelopmental domains.

  • 7. Armuand, G.
    et al.
    Lampic, Claudia
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Skoog-Svanberg, A.
    Wånggren, K.
    Sydsjö, G.
    Survey shows that Swedish healthcare professionals have a positive attitude towards surrogacy but the health of the child is a concern2018In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 107, no 1, p. 101-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: In February 2016, Sweden upheld its ban on surrogacy following a Government enquiry. This survey investigated attitudes towards surrogacy among primary health professionals working with children and their experiences of working with families following surrogacy abroad.

    METHODS: From April to November 2016, nurses, physicians and psychologist working in primary child health care in four counties in Sweden were invited to participate in a cross-sectional online survey about surrogacy.

    RESULTS: The mean age of the 208 participants was 49.2 years (range 27-68) and nearly 91% were women. Approximately 60% supported legalised surrogacy. Wanting a conscience clause to be introduced in Sweden was associated with not supporting surrogacy for any groups, while personal experiences of infertility and clinical experiences with families following surrogacy were associated with positive attitudes towards surrogacy for heterosexual couples. The majority (64%) disagreed that surrogate children were as healthy as other children, and many believed that they risked worse mental health (21%) and social stigmatisation (21%).

    CONCLUSION: We found that 60% supported legalised surrogacy, but many expressed concerns about the children's health and greater knowledge about the medical and psychosocial consequences of surrogacy is needed.

  • 8. Austeng, Dordi
    et al.
    Blennow, Mats
    Ewald, Uwe
    Fellman, Vineta
    Fritz, Thomas
    Hellström-Westas, Lena
    Hellström, Ann
    Holmgren, Per Åke
    Holmström, Gerd
    Jakobsson, Peter
    Jeppsson, Annika
    Johansson, Kent
    Källén, Karin
    Lagercrantz, Hugo
    Laurini, Ricardo
    Lindberg, Eva
    Lundqvist, Anita
    Marsál, Karel
    Nilstun, Tore
    Nordén-Lindeberg, Solveig
    Norman, Mikael
    Olhager, Elisabeth
    Östlund, Ingrid
    Serenius, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Simic, Marija
    Sjörs, Gunnar
    Stigson, Lennart
    Stjernqvist, Karin
    Strömberg, Bo
    Tornqvist, Kristina
    Wennergren, Margareta
    Wallin, Agneta
    Westgren, Magnus
    Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal morbidity after active perinatal care: extremely preterm infants study in Sweden (EXPRESS)2010In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 99, no 7, p. 978-992Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Half of the infants surviving extremely preterm birth suffered from severe neonatal morbidities. Studies on how to reduce these morbidities and on the long-term health of survivors are warranted.

  • 9. Barman, Malin
    et al.
    Jonsson, Karin
    Hesselmar, Bill
    Sandin, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Sandberg, Ann-Sofie
    Wold, Agnes E.
    No association between allergy and current 25-hydroxy vitamin D in serum or vitamin D intake2015In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 104, no 4, p. 405-413Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim Vitamin D may be involved in allergy development, but there is conflicting evidence. We investigated if dietary intake of vitamin D and levels of 25OHD in serum differed between allergic and nonallergic adolescents and if serum 25OHD correlated with dietary intake of vitamin D or season of blood sampling.

    Methods Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels were analysed in 13-year-old subjects with atopic eczema (n=55), respiratory allergy (n=55) or no allergy (n=55). Intake of fat-containing foods was assessed by food-frequency questionnaires, and total daily vitamin D intake was calculated. Logistic regression was used to adjust for gender, parental allergy and time of blood sampling.

    Results Subjects with atopic eczema or respiratory allergy did not differ from nonallergic controls regarding serum 25OHD levels or calculated vitamin D intake. Subjects sampled in the autumn had significantly higher levels of serum 25OHD than subjects sampled in the winter or spring. Serum 25OHD levels correlated to consumption of vitamin D-fortified lean milk (p=0.001).

    Conclusion The findings suggest no association between allergy and 25OHD levels in serum or vitamin D intake in adolescents. Serum 25OHD levels correlated to intake of vitamin D-fortified lean milk.

  • 10.
    Barman, Malin
    et al.
    Göteborg, Sweden.
    Jonsson, Karin
    Göteborg, Sweden.
    Sandin, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Wold, Agnes E.
    Göteborg, Sweden.
    Sandberg, Ann-Sofie
    Göteborg, Sweden.
    Serum fatty acid profile does not reflect seafood intake in adolescents with atopic eczema2014In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 103, no 9, p. 968-976Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are immunomodulatory, but their role in allergy development is controversial. We investigated whether proportions of LCPUFAs in serum phospholipids were related to allergic diagnosis, seafood intake and LCPUFA proportions in cord blood.

    Methods: Serum was obtained from 148 birth cohort children at 13 years of age. Forty had atopic eczema, 53 had respiratory allergy, and 55 were nonallergic. Proportions of LCPUFAs were determined in serum phospholipids; cord blood from 128 of the individuals was previously analysed. Seafood intake was estimated using questionnaires.

    Results: Allergic and nonallergic individuals did not differ significantly regarding individual LCPUFAs. However, arachidonic acid over docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratio was higher in allergic, compared with nonallergic, adolescents. In nonallergic individuals, LCPUFA proportions in cord serum and adolescent serum correlated weakly. In individuals with atopic eczema and respiratory allergy, these correlations were weak or absent. A moderate correlation between seafood intake and serum DHA was seen in nonallergic individuals and those with respiratory allergy, but not in those with atopic eczema.

    Conclusion: Serum LCPUFA pattern was similar in allergic and nonallergic adolescents. Fatty acid metabolism may be altered in atopic eczema subjects, suggested by poor correlations between fatty acid intake and serum levels.

  • 11.
    Berglund, Staffan K.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Kriström, Berit
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Björn, Matias
    Lindberg, Josefine
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Westrup, Björn
    Norman, Mikael
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Marginally low birth weight increases the risk of underweight and short stature at three and a half years of age2016In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 105, no 6, p. 610-617Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: Little is known about the long-term health of marginally low birth weight (LBW) children. This study characterised growth among infants weighing 2,000g-2,500g and explored the prevalence and predictors of sustained growth restriction.

    METHOD: This prospective observational trial followed the weight and height of 281 Swedish marginally LBW children from birth to 3.5 years of age. Children with a standard deviation score (SDS) for body mass index or height below -2 were considered underweight and short respectively.

    RESULTS: The mean SDS for weight and height showed a rapid increase before 12-19 weeks of age. The most rapid weight gain was in infants born small for gestational age. However, at 3.5 years of age, 9.5% of the children remained underweight and 6.5% had short stature. Regression models showed that slow weight gain before 19 weeks of age was the strongest predictor for lasting underweight, while slow height gain before 19 weeks of age and male sex were associated with short stature.

    CONCLUSION: Marginally LBW infants were more likely to be underweight and have a short stature at 3.5 years of age and the absence of catch-up growth during the first five months after birth identified those at highest risk.

  • 12.
    Bergström, Erik
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Blomquist, Hans K Son
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Is the prevalence of overweight and obesity declining among 4-year-old Swedish children?2009In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 98, no 12, p. 1956-1958Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: To investigate the trend in overweight and obesity prevalence among 4-year-old Swedish children. METHODS: Height and weight data registered at the regular health check up at the child health centres in the county of Västerbotten during the years 2007/2008 (2225 boys and 2156 girls) were analysed and compared with data from 2002/2003 (2231 boys and 2176 girls). Overweight and obesity were estimated using the International Obesity Task Force cut-off values (ISO BMI). RESULTS: In both boys and girls, overweight prevalence (ISO BMI > 25) decreased over the 5-year period, boys from 17.2% to 14.2% and girls from 22.3% to 19.0%. Among girls, there was also a decrease in obesity prevalence (ISO BMI > 30) from 5.7% to 3.1%. CONCLUSION: The result of this study indicates that the overweight and obesity epidemic among Swedish pre-school children may be levelling off.

  • 13.
    Bergström, Erik
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Hernell, Olle
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Persson, L A
    Dietary changes in Swedish adolescents.1993In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 82, no 5, p. 472-80Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A school-based dietary survey, using seven-day records, was performed in two cohorts of Swedish adolescents; 14- and 17-year-olds. The study comprised 366 boys and 365 girls. When compared to previous studies in Sweden, a striking finding was a decrease in dietary fat intake and an increase in carbohydrate intake. However, the relative intake of saturated fat had not changed (15% of total energy). The dietary change was mainly due to an increased consumption of cereal products. There were no major differences in dietary habits or nutrient density of the food between the two age groups, or between boys and girls. The mean intakes of protein, fat and carbohydrate, expressed as a percentage of the total energy intake, were 15, 33 and 52%, respectively. The mean intakes of vitamins and minerals were low only for selenium. The boys had a high iron intake (1.5 and 1.7 times the recommended intake for 14- and 17-year-olds, respectively) while the mean iron intake for girls was 0.9 times the recommended dietary allowances in both age groups. The intake of dietary salt was higher in boys than in girls (7.7 g and 9.0 g per day in 14- and 17-year-old boys, respectively, and 5.8 g per day in both 14- and 17-year-old girls). In a long-term health perspective, this positive change in nutrient intake in adolescents may contribute to a reduction in the incidence of diet-related diseases in Sweden.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  • 14.
    Berhan, Yonas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Möllsten, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Carlsson, Annelie
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Lund, Sweden.
    Högberg, Lotta
    Linköping Univ, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Div Pediat, Linköping, Sweden.
    Ivarsson, Anneli
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Dahlquist, Gisela
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Five-region study finds no evidence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in Swedish 11- to 13-year-olds2014In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 103, no 10, p. 1078-1082Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: Childhood obesity is now an established public health problem in most developed countries, and there is concern about a parallel increase of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in overweight Swedish school children from 11 to 13 years of age.

    METHODS: Body mass index (BMI) was measured in 5528 schoolchildren in the 6th grade, from 11 to 13 years of age, in five different regions in Sweden. Overweight was defined by international age- and sex-specific BMI cut-offs, corresponding to adult BMI cut-offs of 25 kg/m(2) at 18 years of age (ISO-BMI ≥25, n = 1275). Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured in 1126 children with ISO-BMI ≥25. Children with a Diabetes Control and Complications Trial aligned HbA1c ≥6.1% on two occasions underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to establish the diabetes diagnosis.

    RESULTS: Of 1126 children with ISO-BMI ≥25, 24 (2.1%) had at least one HbA1c value ≥6.1%. Three of them had HbA1c ≥6.1% on two occasions, and all of them had a normal OGTT.

    CONCLUSION: In this cross-sectional, population-based screening study of a high-risk group of 11- to 13-year-old Swedish school children, we found no indication of undiagnosed diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.

  • 15.
    Bhavsar, Amit
    et al.
    Epidemiology & Health Economics, GSK, Wavre, Belgium.
    Mertsola, Jussi
    Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Poulsen, Anja
    Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Silfverdal, Sven-Arne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Pertussis in infants in Nordic countries2021In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 110, no 7, p. 2040-2044Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: A life-course immunisation approach is required to prevent and control pertussis. We aimed at reviewing pertussis incidence among infants in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, and at putting these data in the context of national surveillance systems and vaccination schedules.

    Methods: We collected 2014–2018 data on pertussis incidence, on pertussis vaccination schedules and on coverage of the third dose of the diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine from publicly available sources. We gathered opinions on national surveillance systems from public health and paediatrics experts of the relevant countries.

    Results: The pertussis vaccination schedules and coverage in infancy were similar across countries. All countries except Denmark recommended an additional booster vaccine dose for adolescents. None of the countries had maternal immunisation recommendation. Mean pertussis incidence in Denmark, Sweden and Finland was 168, 76 and 35 per 100,000 infant-years, respectively. Data were insufficient to derive a mean incidence in Norway. There were no systematic differences in the national surveillance systems across the countries.

    Conclusion: The higher mean pertussis incidence in Denmark may be explained by the lack of recommendations for adolescent pertussis booster vaccination. Further investigations are warranted.

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  • 16.
    Birkeland, Anna-Lena
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Rydberg, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Hägglöf, Bruno
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
    The complexity of the psychosocial situation in children and adolescents with heart disease2005In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 94, no 10, p. 1495-1501Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To describe the psychosocial situation of children/adolescents with heart disease and their families, an inventory method was worked out.

    Methods: Ninety-seven children/adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) were graded into three categories with respect to complexity of CHD. Group I included 42 patients with malformations requiring standardized operations. Group II included 20 patients with more complicated malformations, and group III included 35 patients with very complex malformations. The patients were compared with controls without heart disease, matched for age and gender. The psychosocial impact of CHD was measured by the inventory.

    Results: The most frequent problems in the patient group were healthcare and treatment-related needs (71/97) in the external sphere, family symptoms (68/97) in the interpersonal sphere, and somatic symptoms (19/97) in the personal sphere. Corresponding numbers in the controls were treatment-related needs (15/97), family (9/97) and somatic symptoms (25/97). Fifty per cent of the symptoms in the patient groups were mild, 30% moderate and 20% severe. The most severe symptoms were found in the interpersonal sphere, where family symptoms constituted the most severe variable. The frequency of severe problems in the personal sphere was 11% in the patients and 1% in the controls. This inventory method differentiates the grades of medical complexity both regarding number and severity of psychosocial symptoms. It indicates severe personal problems in the most complex group and shows that they have severe personal problems independent of family problems.

    Conclusion: This study elucidates the psychosocial complexity in children/adolescents with CHD, which has clinical implications in developing a psychosocial care programme.

  • 17.
    Björkström, Markus V
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Hall, Lina
    Söderlund, Stina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Håkansson, Eva Grahn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Bacteriology.
    Håkansson, Stellan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Intestinal flora in very low-birth weight infants2009In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 98, no 11, p. 1762-1767Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: To study the early faecal microbiota in very low-birth weight infants (VLBW, <1500 g), possible associations between faecal microbiota and faecal calprotectin (f-calprotectin) and to describe the faecal microbiota in cases with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) before diagnosis. METHODS: Stool samples from the first weeks of life were analysed in 48 VLBW infants. Bacterial cultures were performed and f-calprotectin concentrations were measured. In three NEC cases, cultures were performed on stool samples obtained before diagnosis. RESULTS: Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were often identified in the first stool sample, 55% and 71% of cases, respectively within the first week of life. A positive correlation between lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and volume of enteral feed was found. Other bacteria often identified were Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and Staphyloccus sp. F-calprotectin was not associated with any bacterial species. All NEC cases had an early colonization of LAB. Prior to onset of disease, all cases had a high colonization of non-E. coli Gram-negative species. CONCLUSION: In contrast to the previous studies in VLBW infants, we found an early colonization with LAB. We speculate that this may be due to early feeding of non-pasteurized breast milk.

  • 18. Bolk, Jenny
    et al.
    Kaul, Ylva Fredriksson
    Hellstrom-Westas, Lena
    Stjernqvist, Karin
    Padilla, Nelly
    Serenius, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics. Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Hellgren, Kerstin
    Aden, Ulrika
    National population-based cohort study found that visual-motor integration was commonly affected in extremely preterm born children at six-and-a-half years2018In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 107, no 5, p. 831-837Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: This study aimed to explain the relationship between visual-motor integration (VMI) abilities and extremely preterm (EPT) birth, by exploring the influence of perinatal variables, cognition, manual dexterity and ophthalmological outcomes. Methods: This was part of the population-based national Extremely Preterm Infant Study in Sweden (EXPRESS) study. We studied 355 children, born at a gestational age of <27 weeks from April 2004 to March 2007, and 364 term-born controls. At six-and-a-half years of age, we assessed VMI, cognitive function, motor skills and vision. VMI impairment was classified as <-1 standard deviation (SD). Results: The mean (SD) VMI score was 87 (+/- 12) in preterm children compared to 98 (+/- 11) in controls (p < 0.001). VMI impairment was present in 55% of preterm infants and in 78% of children born at 22-23 weeks. Male sex and postnatal steroids showed a weak association with poorer visual-motor performance, whereas low manual dexterity and cognitive function showed a stronger association. Conclusion: Poor VMI performance was common in this EXPRESS cohort of children born EPT. Its strong association to cognition and manual dexterity confirms that all of these factors need to be taken into account when evaluating risks in preterm born children.

  • 19.
    Bolk, Jenny
    et al.
    Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Källén, Karin
    Centre for Reproductive Epidemiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Farooqi, Aijaz
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences.
    Hafström, Maria
    Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Angered Hospital, Angered, Sweden.
    Fellman, Vineta
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Children's Hospital, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Åden, Ulrika
    Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Serenius, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics. Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Perinatal risk factors for developmental coordination disorder in children born extremely preterm2023In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 112, no 4, p. 675-685Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Children born extremely preterm frequently have developmental coordination disorder (DCD). We aimed to evaluate perinatal risk factors for DCD.

    Methods: Swedish national cohort study including 226 children born before 27 gestational weeks without major neurodevelopmental disabilities at 6.5 years. Outcome was DCD, defined as ≤5th percentile on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition. Perinatal risk factors were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.

    Results: DCD was present in 84/226 (37.2%) children. Of the risk factors known at 40 weeks gestation, independent and significant risk factors for DCD were: mother's age at delivery (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–2.80); pre-eclampsia (2.79, 1.14–6.80); mother born in a non-Nordic country (2.23, 1.00–4.99); gestational age per week increase (0.70, 0.50–0.99) and retinopathy of prematurity (2.48, 1.26–4.87). Of factors known at discharge, postnatal steroids exposure (2.24, 1.13–4.46) and mechanical ventilation (1.76, 1.06–2.09) were independent risk factors when added to the model in separate analyses.

    Conclusion: The risk of DCD in children born extremely preterm was multifactorial and associated with gestational age largely mediated by ROP, maternal factors, pre-eclampsia, administration of postnatal steroids and mechanical ventilation. These risk factors are common among children born extremely preterm, contributing to their high risk of DCD.

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  • 20. Borneskog, C.
    et al.
    Lampic, Claudia
    Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Sydsjö, G.
    Bladh, M.
    Skoog Svanberg, A.
    How do lesbian couples compare with heterosexual in vitro fertilization and spontaneously pregnant couples when it comes to parenting stress?2014In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 103, no 5, p. 537-545Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: To study parenting stress in lesbian parents and to compare that stress with heterosexual parents following in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or spontaneous pregnancies.

    METHODS: This survey took place during 2005-2008 and was part of the Swedish multicentre study on gamete donation. It comprised 131 lesbian parents, 83 heterosexual IVF parents, who used their own gametes, and 118 spontaneous pregnancy parents. The participants responded to the questionnaire when the child was between 12 and 36-months-old and parenting stress was measured by the Swedish Parenting Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ).

    RESULTS: Lesbian parents experienced less parenting stress than heterosexual IVF parents when it came to the General Parenting Stress measure (p = 0.001) and the subareas of Incompetence (p < 0.001), Social Isolation (p = 0.033) and Role Restriction (p = 0.004). They also experienced less parenting stress than heterosexual spontaneous pregnancy couples, according to the Social Isolation subarea (p = 0.003). Birth mothers experienced higher stress than co-mothers and fathers, according to the Role Restriction measure (p = 0.041).

    CONCLUSION: These are reassuring findings, considering the known challenges that lesbian families face in establishing their parental roles and, in particular, the challenges related to the lack of recognition of the co-mother.

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  • 21.
    Bybrant, Mara Cerqueiro
    et al.
    Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Palmkvist, Elsa
    Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Söderström, Hanna
    Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Lindgren, Marie
    Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Vrinnevi Hospital, Children's Clinic, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Hildebrand, Hans
    Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Norström, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Carlsson, Annelie
    Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    The prevalence of having coeliac disease in children with type 1 diabetes was not significantly higher during the Swedish coeliac epidemic2023In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 112, no 10, p. 2175-2181Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: From 1986 to 1996, there was a four-fold increase in coeliac disease among young Swedish children, known as the Swedish coeliac epidemic. Children with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of developing coeliac disease. We studied whether the prevalence of coeliac disease differed in children with type 1 diabetes born during and after this epidemic.

    Methods: We compared national birth cohorts of 240 844 children born in 1992–1993 during the coeliac disease epidemic and 179 530 children born in 1997–1998 after the epidemic. Children diagnosed with both type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease were identified by merging information from five national registers.

    Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of coeliac disease among children with type 1 diabetes between the two cohorts: 176/1642 (10.7%, 95% confidence interval 9.2%–12.2%) in the cohort born during the coeliac disease epidemic versus 161/1380 (11.7%, 95% confidence interval 10.0%–13.5%) in the post-epidemic cohort.

    Conclusion: The prevalence of having both coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes was not significantly higher in children born during, than after, the Swedish coeliac epidemic. This may support a stronger genetic disposition in children who develop both conditions.

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  • 22. Carlsson, Goran
    et al.
    Kriström, Berit
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Nordenskjold, Magnus
    Henter, Jan-Inge
    Fadeel, Bengt
    Ovarian failure in HAX1-deficient patients: is there a gender-specific difference in pubertal development in severe congenital neutropenia or Kostmann disease?2013In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 102, no 1, p. 78-82Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a rare disorder of myelopoiesis characterized by neutropenia, recurrent bacterial infections and a maturation arrest of the myelopoiesis in the bone marrow. Homozygous mutations in the HAX1 gene were described in patients with autosomal recessive SCN or Kostmann disease. Some of these patients display neurological disease. We noted, during the course of clinical management of patients with Kostmann disease, insufficient pubertal development in female patients, but not in our male patients. The study objective was to provide a detailed account of this phenotype and its possible relation to HAX1 mutations. Methods Detailed clinical histories and laboratory investigations of three patients with Kostmann disease belonging to the original kindred in northern Sweden described by Rolf Kostmann are reported. Results We report one male patient with normal puberty and two female patients with insufficient pubertal development. Elevated levels of LH and FSH were recorded in both patients. All three patients harbour the same p.Glu190X mutation in the HAX1 gene. Conclusions We show for the first time that female patients with Kostmann disease display primary gonadal insufficiency. This suggests a possible role for HAX1 in the development and/or function of the human ovary.

  • 23.
    Casabona, Giacomo
    et al.
    GSK, Wavre, Belgium.
    Habib, Md Ahsan
    GSK, Wavre, Belgium.
    Povey, Michael
    GSK, Wavre, Belgium.
    Riise Bergsaker, Marianne A.
    The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
    Flodmark, Carl-Erik
    Department of Paediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Espnes, Ketil Arne
    Risvollan Legesenter, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
    Tøndel, Camilla
    Department of Paediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
    Silfverdal, Sven-Arne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Randomised controlled trial showed long-term efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of varicella vaccines in Norwegian and Swedish children2022In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 111, no 2, p. 391-400Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Several countries, such as Norway and Sweden, have not implemented universal varicella vaccination. We present data for Norway and Sweden that were generated by a paediatric multi-country Phase III study over a 10-year period. This assessed the efficacy, antibody persistence and safety of two varicella vaccines containing the same Oka strain.

    Methods: This was an observer-blind, controlled trial conducted in 10 European countries. Children aged 12–22 months (n = 5803) were randomised 3:3:1 and vaccinated between 1 September 2005 and 10 May 2006. The two-dose group received two tetravalent measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine doses. The one-dose group received one monovalent varicella vaccine dose after a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine dose. Control group participants received two measles-mumps-rubella vaccine doses. Main study outcomes were vaccine efficacy against confirmed varicella cases and incidence of adverse events.

    Results: Vaccine efficacy in the two-dose group was ≥92.1% in both Norwegian and Swedish children compared to 72.3% in Norway and 58.0% in Sweden in the one-dose group. Incidences of adverse events and serious adverse events were similar in the Norwegian and Swedish study populations.

    Conclusion: Consistent with overall study results, high efficacy against varicella and acceptable safety profiles of the two varicella vaccines were observed in Norwegian and Swedish populations. These findings highlight the benefits of varicella vaccines, particularly when administered as a two-dose schedule.

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  • 24.
    Challis, Pontus
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Larsson, Linn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Stoltz Sjöström, Elisabeth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Serenius, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics. Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Elfvin, Anders
    Validation of the diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis in a Swedish population-based observational study2019In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 108, no 5, p. 835-841Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The definition of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is based on clinical and radiological signs that can be difficult to interpret. The aim of the present study was to validate the incidence of NEC in the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS)

    Methods: The EXPRESS study consisted of all 707 infants born before 27 + 0 gestational weeks during the years 2004–2007 in Sweden. Of these infants, 38 were recorded as having NEC of Bell stage II or higher. Hospital records were obtained for these infants. Furthermore, to identify missed cases, all infants with a sudden reduction of enteral nutrition, in the EXPRESS study were identified (n = 71). Hospital records for these infants were obtained. Thus, 108 hospital records were obtained and scored independently by two neonatologists for NEC.

    Results: Of 38 NEC cases in the EXPRESS study, 26 were classified as NEC after validation. Four cases not recorded in the EXPRESS study were found. The incidence of NEC decreased from 6.3% to 4.3%.

    Conclusion: Validation of the incidence of NEC revealed over- and underestimation of NEC in the EXPRESS study despite carefully collected data. Similar problems may occur in other national data sets or quality registers.

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  • 25.
    Dahlquist, Gisela
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Celiac disease and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - no proof for a causal association1995In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 84, no 12, p. 1337-1338Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 26.
    Dahlquist, Gisela
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Mustonen, L
    Analysis of 20 years of prospective registration of childhood onset diabetes time trends and birth cohort effects. Swedish Childhood Diabetes Study Group.2000In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 89, no 10, p. 1231-7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry has been recording all cases of childhood onset diabetes nationwide, with a high level of ascertainment, since 1 July 1977. The present report describes and analyses the 8358 childhood onset cases occurring between 1 January 1978 and 31 December 1997. The mean annual incidence was 26.4/100,000 children per year (1978: 21.1 and 1997: 31.9). There was a significant log-linear increase over time, with a mean annual increase of 1.7%. The steepest mean increase was seen among the young onset cases (2.5%) and the steepest yearly increase (6.3%) was seen in this age group during the last 10-y period. A shift towards a younger age at onset was clearly indicated, as the age at onset was less during the last compared with the first 10-y period of observation. The increase over time was similar between the sexes and during winter and summer. When analysing the six full birth cohorts covered, we found no clear-cut shift in the trend. Birth cohorts (1978-82) up to 5 y of onset showed a time variability but no clear trend over time. Ecological analyses associating cumulative incidence by birth cohort to breastfeeding frequency showed no significant association. A statistically significant log-linear association was found to the official estimate of gross domestic product adjusted for similar price levels (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The incidence of childhood onset diabetes is rapidly increasing in Sweden, with a shift towards the younger age groups but with no trend in birth cohorts. Precipitating rather than initiating environmental risk factors are suggested, and the correlation to gross domestic product may suggest risk factors associated with wealth-such as a high growth rate, a known risk factor for childhood diabetes.

  • 27.
    Dahlquist, Gisela
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Möllsten, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Källén, B
    Hospitalization for vascular complications in childhood onset type 1 diabetes--effects of gender and age at onset.2008In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 97, no 4, p. 483-8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS: To study the cumulative incidence of hospitalization for severe diabetic vascular complications in childhood onset type 1 diabetes patients with special regards to age at onset and gender. METHODS: The Swedish Childhood Diabetes Register (SCDR) was linked to the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register up to 31 December 2004. The following diagnoses were traced: diabetic kidney disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, lower limb arterial disease and diabetes with multiple complications. Cox proportional hazards survival method was applied with the following covariates: maternal age, birthweight deviation from gestational week standard, age at onset and gender. RESULTS: Until 31 December 9974 children had been followed for at least 10 years corresponding to 141 839 person years at risk and 103 (7.3 per 1000 person years) had been hospitalized at least once at the maximum duration of follow-up of 26 years. Diabetic kidney disease was the most common cause of hospitalization and 63 patients had more than one diabetic complication. Female gender (RR=2.02, 95% CI=1.05-3.89) and age at onset of diabetes (RR=1.37, 95% CI=1.20-1.56) were significant risk factors for severe complication. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization for severe diabetic complications at a maximum follow-up of 26 years is rather low in Sweden. There is a higher hospitalization rate among females than among males, and also among patients diagnosed with diabetes after 10 years of age than among patients diagnosed before the age of 10 years.

  • 28.
    De Chateau, Peter
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Wiberg, Britt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Long-term effect on mother-infant behaviour of extra contact during the first hour post partum: I. First observations at 36 hours1977In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 66, no 2, p. 137-143Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract The immediate post partum period may be particularly important for the developing relationship between mother and infant; little is as yet known, however, of the long-term effects of hospital practice during this period. This study examines the effect of extra contact during the first hour following delivery. An extra skin to skin contact and suckling contact was given to 22 primiparous mothers and their infants. One control group of 20 primiparous mothers and infants and a second one of 20 multiparous mothers and infants was given routine care immediately after birth. All mothers and infants were healthy with normal pregnancies and deliveries. At 36 hours a first observation was made of maternal and infant behaviour during breast feeding in all three groups. At this stage primiparae with extra contact showed behaviour much more like the behaviour of multiparae with routine care. Infants of primiparae with routine care cried most frequently. The behaviour of mothers of boys differed more from group to group than did that of mothers of girls.

  • 29.
    de Chateau, Peter
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Wiberg, Britt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Long-term effect on mother-infant behaviour of extra contact during the first hour post partum: II. A follw-up at three months1977In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 66, no 2, p. 145-151Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract Primiparous mothers and their infants who had an extra 15–20 minutes' suckling and skin to skin contact during the first hour after delivery, behaved differently at 36 hours post partum compared with a control group without this extra contact. The present study is a 3-month follow-up of these mothers and infants by means of direct observation of mother-infant free play and a personal interview with the mothers. Mothers in the extra contact group spent more time kissing and looking en face at their infants; these infants smiled more often and cried less frequently. A greater proportion of the mothers with extra contact were still breast feeding at 3 months. The influence of extra contact on behaviour was more pronounced in boy–mother than in girl–mother pairs.

  • 30.
    Degerstedt, Frida
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Enberg, Birgit
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy.
    Keisu, Britt-Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS). Umeå Universitet.
    Björklund, Martin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy. Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
    Inequity in physiotherapeutic interventions for children with Cerebral Palsy in Sweden: a national registry study2020In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 109, no 4, p. 774-782Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of physiotherapeutic interventions for children with Cerebral Palsy in Sweden from an equity perspective, considering sex, country of birth and geographical region.

    Method: This national cross‐sectional registry study includes children with Cerebral Palsy aged 0‐18 years who participated in 2015 in the Swedish national quality registry, the Cerebral Palsy follow‐up programme, CPUP. Comparisons and associations between physiotherapeutic interventions and sex, country of birth and geographical regions were conducted using chi‐square and logistic regression analysis, controlling for cognitive level, level of motor function, age group and dominating symptom.

    Results: Of the 2855 participants, 2201 (79%) had received physiotherapy. Children born in Sweden had 1.60 times higher odds (95% CI 1.10‐2.33) of receiving physiotherapy compared with children born in foreign countries. Distribution of physiotherapeutic interventions differed significantly between geographical regions. No associations between sex and physiotherapeutic interventions were observed.

    Conclusion: The results of this study indicate inequity in care in Sweden towards children with Cerebral Palsy born in other counties. Further, physiotherapeutic interventions were not equally distributed in different geographical regions of Sweden. Knowledge of inequity is crucial in order to address the problem.

  • 31.
    Delin, Malin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Berglund, Staffan K.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Validation of red flags in the workup of children with long-term abdominal pain: a retrospective study2024In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To evaluate red flags as an instrument to distinguish other medical conditions from Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGID) in children with long-term abdominal pain.

    Methods: In a retrospective follow-up, data were collected from 317 children who were referred for medical assessment due to long-term abdominal pain between the years 2011 and 2012 at three Swedish paediatric open clinic units in Sweden. Throughout the review of medical records, any documented red flags at the primary consultation and finally set diagnosis after 1 year were noted for all cases.

    Results: A non-FGID disease was diagnosed in 32 cases (10.1%). The sensitivity of red flags to predict inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was 100% and the specificity 64.1%. The sensitivity of red flags to predict celiac disease was 45.5% and the specificity 63.7%. The sensitivity of red flags to predict any non-FGID disease was 59.4%, and the specificity was 65.6%.

    Conclusion: The use of red flags is a sensitive instrument to identify patients with IBD but less applicable when identifying celiac disease and other organic diseases. Specificity is generally low and future biomarkers for assessing children with long-term abdominal pain is needed.

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  • 32.
    Domellöf, Magnus
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Lind, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Lönnerdal, Bo
    Persson, Lars Ake
    Dewey, Kathryn G
    Hernell, Olle
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Effects of mode of oral iron administration on serum ferritin and haemoglobin in infants.2008In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 97, no 8, p. 1055-60Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: To investigate effects of iron-fortified foods (FFs) and medicinal iron drops (MD) on iron status in infants. METHODS: Data from one MD and one FF study were compared. Infants were divided into groups depending on the predominant source and amount of dietary iron during 6-9 months of age: MD: Medicinal iron drops (1 mg/kg/day). FF: iron intake >1.3 mg/kg/day, predominantly from FF and no iron supplements. Low iron (LI) group: iron intake <1.3 mg/kg/day and no iron supplements. RESULTS: Mean iron intake did not differ between MD (n = 30) and FF (n = 35) groups but was lower in the LI (n = 232) group. The FF group had significantly higher mean Hb at 9 months compared to the MD and LI groups (120 vs. 115 g/L and 120 vs. 116 g/L, respectively, p < or = 0.005). The MD group had significantly higher mean SF at 9 months compared to the FF and the LI groups (46 vs. 23 microg/L and 46 vs. 26 microg/L, respectively, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, in healthy, term, nonanaemic 6-9-month-old infants, iron given as medicinal iron drops is primarily deposited into iron stores while iron given as iron-fortified foods is primarily utilized for Hb synthesis.

  • 33. Duchén, Karel
    et al.
    Lindberg, Anders
    Kiplok, Kaire
    Kriström, Berit
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Using a spontaneous profile rather than stimulation test makes the KIGS idiopathic growth hormone deficiency model more accessible for clinicians2017In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 106, no 9, p. 1481-1486Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Children treated with a growth hormone (GH) for idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) may be monitored with the first-year prediction model from the Pfizer International Growth Database (KIGS) using auxology, age, GH dose and the maximum GH concentration from a stimulation test (GH(max)stim). We tested the hypothesis that using a 12-hour spontaneous profile (GH(max)12h) would be as accurate. Methods: We studied 98 prepubertal Swedish children (78boys) aged2-12 years enrolled in KIGS. The first-year growth was predicted using the GH(max) from the GHprofile and a stimulation test, and both of these were compared separately with the observed growth response. Results: The increased height observed in the first year was 0.74 standard deviation scores (SDS), and the studentised residuals for the predicted and observed growth with GH(max)stim (-0.16 SDS) and GH(max)12h (-0.22) were similar. Individual predictions calculated with stimulated or spontaneous GH(max) showed a significant correlation (r = 0.80). Conclusion: We validated the KIGS IGHD prediction model and found that the stimulated GH(max) peak can be reliably replaced by the GH(max) 12h with similar accuracy. This makes the model more accessible for clinicians, who can then provide realistic expectations for the growth response during the first year of treatment.

  • 34.
    Edler, Gertrud
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Axelsson, Inge
    Barker, Gillian M
    Lie, Susanne
    Naumburg, Estelle
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics. Unit of Research, Education and Development, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden.
    Serious complications in male infant circumcisions in Scandinavia indicate that this always be performed as a hospital-based procedure2016In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 105, no 7, p. 842-850Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: More than 7000 male circumcisions are performed in Scandinavia every year. Circumcision is regulated in different ways in Sweden and Denmark and Norway. This study reviewed and described factors associated with complications of circumcision in infant boys in Scandinavia over the last two decades and discussed how these complications could be avoided.

    METHODS: Data on significant complications following circumcision on boys under the age of one in Scandinavia over the last 20 years were collected. Information was retrieved from testimonies of circumcisers, witnesses, medical records and verdicts. A systematic review was performed of fatal cases in the literature.

    RESULTS: We found that 32 cases had been reported to the health authorities in the three countries, and we identified a total of 74 complications in these cases. These included four boys with severe bleeding and circulatory shock, which ended in the death of one boy. Other less serious complications may have occurred in other boys, but not been reported.

    CONCLUSION: Complications following male circumcision in Scandinavia were relatively rare, but serious complications did occur. Based on the analyses of the severe cases, we argue that circumcision should only be performed at hospitals with 24-hour emergency departments. 

  • 35. Elinder, Göran
    et al.
    Eriksson, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Forensic Medicine. The National Board of Forensic Medicine, Sweden.
    Hallberg, Boubou
    Lynøe, Niels
    Sundgren, Pia Maly
    Rosén, Måns
    Engström, Ingemar
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    Traumatic shaking: the role of the triad in medical investigations of suspected traumatic shaking2018In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 107, p. 3-23Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assesment of Social Services (SBU) is an independent national authority, tasked by the government with assessing methods used in health, medical and dental services and social service interventions from a broad perspective, covering medical, economic, ethical and social aspects. The language in SBU's reports are adjusted to a wide audience. SBU's Board of Directors has approved the conclusions in this report. The systematic review showed the following graded results:

    • There is limited scientific evidence that the triad (Three components of a whole. The triad associated with SBS usually comprises subdural haematoma, retinal haemorrhages and encephalopathy.) and therefore, its components can be associated with traumatic shaking (low-quality evidence).
    • There is insufficient scientific evidence on which to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the triad in identifying traumatic shaking (very low-quality evidence).

    Limited scientific evidence (low-quality evidence) represents a combined assessment of studies of high or moderate quality which disclose factors that markedly weaken the evidence. It is important to note that limited scientific evidence for the reliability of a method or an effect does not imply complete lack of scientific support. Insufficient scientific evidence (very low-quality evidence) represents either a lack of studies or situations when available studies are of low quality or show contradictory results. Evaluation of the evidence was not based on formal grading of the evidence according to GRADE but on an evaluation of the total scientific basis.

  • 36.
    Ellberg, Lotta
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Högberg, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Lundman, Berit
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Källén, Karin
    Department of Reproductive Epidemiology, Tornblad Institute, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Håkansson, Stellan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Lindh, Viveca
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Maternity care options influences readmission of newborns2008In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 97, no 5, p. 579-583Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To analyse morbidity and mortality in healthy newborn infants in relation to various routines of post-natal follow-up. Design: cross-sectional study. Setting: maternity care in Sweden. Population: healthy infants born at term between 1999 and 2002 (n = 197 898).

    Methods: Assessment of post-natal follow-up routines after uncomplicated childbirth in 48 hospitals and data collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, Hospital Discharge Register and Cause-of-Death Register. Main outcome measure: neonatal mortality and readmission as proxy for morbidity.

    Results: During the first 28 days, 2.1% of the infants were readmitted generally because of infections, jaundice and feeding-related problems. Infants born in hospitals with a routine neonatal examination before 48 h and a home care programme had a readmission rate [OR, 1.3 (95% CI, 1.16–1.48)] higher than infants born in hospitals with routine neonatal examination after 48 h and 24-h care. There were 26 neonatal deaths.

    Conclusion: Post-delivery care options and routines influence neonatal morbidity as measured by hospital readmission rate. A final infant examination at 49–72 h and an active follow-up programme may reduce the risk of readmission.

  • 37.
    Eurenius, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Cultural parenting programmes could play an important role in helping immigrants adapt to their host countries2019In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 108, no 8, p. 1491-1491Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 38.
    Eurenius, Eva
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Richter Sundberg, Linda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Vaezghasemi, Masoud
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Silfverdal, Sven-Arne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Ivarsson, Anneli
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Lindkvist, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Social-emotional problems among three-year-olds differ based on the child's gender and custody arrangement2019In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 108, no 6, p. 1087-1095Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate mental health with respect to social-emotional problems among three-year-olds in relation to their gender, custody arrangements and place of residence.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based design was used, encompassing 7,179 three-year-olds in northern Sweden during the period 2014-2017 from the regional Salut Register. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed based on parents' responses on the Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE), supplemented with items on gender, custody arrangement and place of residence.

    RESULTS: Parental-reported social-emotional problems were found in almost 10% of the children. Boys were reported to have more problems (12.3%) than girls (5.6%) (p<0.001). Parents were most concerned about children's eating habits and interactions at mealtimes. Parents not living together reported more problems among their children than those living together (p<0.001). When stratifying by custody arrangement, girls in rural areas living alternately with each parent had more problems compared to those in urban areas (p<0.008).

    CONCLUSION: Gender and custody arrangements appear to be important factors for social-emotional problems among three-year-olds. Thus, such conditions should receive attention during preschool age, preferably by a systematic preventive strategy within Child Health Care.

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  • 39.
    F. Kaul, Ylva
    et al.
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Johansson, Martin
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Månsson, Johanna
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatric Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Neonatal care and Pediatric Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Stjernqvist, Karin
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatric Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Neonatal care and Pediatric Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Farooqi, Aijaz
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Serenius, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics. Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    B. Thorell, Lisa
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Cognitive profiles of extremely preterm children: Full-Scale IQ hides strengths and weaknesses2021In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 110, no 6, p. 1817-1826Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To study whether a specific cognitive profile can be identified for children born extremely preterm (EPT) by investigating: 1) strengths and weaknesses not revealed by Full-Scale IQ, 2) overlap between different cognitive deficits and 3) proportion of EPT children with multiple deficits.

    Methods: We analysed data from the 4th version of Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children in EPT children (n = 359) and matched controls (n = 367), collected within the 6.5-year follow-up of a population-based prospective cohort study.

    Results: Extremely preterm children performed worse than controls on all measures. Group differences were the largest in Perceptual Reasoning (PRI) and Working Memory (WMI), but differences between indices were small. However, when conducting categorical analyses, deficits in PRI and/or WMI were not more common than other combinations. Many EPT children had no or mild cognitive deficits, although often in multiple domains.

    Conclusion: Extremely preterm children had greater weaknesses in working memory and perceptual abilities. However, detailed analyses of cognitive subscales showed large heterogeneity and provided no support for a specific cognitive profile. In conclusion, Full-Scale IQ scores hide strengths and weaknesses and individual profiles for EPT children need to be considered in order to provide appropriate support.

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  • 40. Fantahun, Mesganaw
    et al.
    Berhane, Yemane
    Wall, Stig
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Högberg, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Women's involvement in household decision-making and strengthening social capital-crucial factors for child survival in Ethiopia.2007In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 96, no 4, p. 582-589Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 41.
    Farooqi, Aijaz
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Hägglöf, Bruno
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
    Serenius, Fredrik
    Uppsala Univ, Sect Pediat, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Behaviours related to executive functions and learning skills at 11years of age after extremely preterm birth: a Swedish national prospective follow-up study2013In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 102, no 6, p. 625-634Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim We investigated a national cohort of children born extremely immature (<26weeks gestation, EI) regarding the nature, frequency and severity of the behavioural problems related to the executive functions (EF) and concerning learning skills, from the perspectives of parents and teachers. Methods At 11years of age 86 of 89 survivors of this cohort were studied and compared with an equal number of controls. Behaviours related to EF, and learning skills were assessed by a validated instrument, namely the Five to Fifteen questionnaire sent by mail to parents and teachers. Results Compared with controls, parents of EI children reported significantly more problems in behaviours related to EF in all areas assessed (Attention, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, Hypoactivity, Planning/Organizing, and Working Memory). Teachers ratings showed a similar pattern. EI children also displayed deficient skills in the 4 standard measures of learning skills. Multivariate analysis revealed that prematurity, gender and behavioural composite score was associated with learning skills. Only a relatively small proportion of EI children (1030%) exhibited clinically significant impairments. Conclusion Despite a favourable outcome in many school-age children born at the threshold of viability, these are at increased risk of developing behavioural problems related to EF.

  • 42. Funkquist, E-L
    et al.
    Tuvemo, T
    Jonsson, B
    Serenius, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Nyqvist, KH
    Preterm appropriate for gestational age infants: size at birth explains subsequent growth2010In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 99, no 12, p. 1828-1833Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

     Preterm AGA infants with higher SDS for weight, length and HC at birth are at higher risk of inadequate growth during their hospital stay.

  • 43.
    Gialamas, Spyros
    et al.
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Stoltz Sjöström, Elisabeth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food, Nutrition and Culinary Science.
    Diderholm, Barbro
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Ahlsson, Fredrik
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Amino acid infusions in umbilical artery catheters enhance protein administration in infants born at extremely low gestational age2022In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 111, no 3, p. 536-545Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: It is challenging to provide extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) with adequate protein supply. This study aimed to investigate whether amino acid (AA) infusion in the umbilical artery catheter (UAC) in ELGANs is safe and enhances protein supply and growth.

    METHOD: A before and after study including infants born <27 weeks, treated in Uppsala, Sweden, during 2004-2007, compared those receiving normal saline/10% dextrose in water with those receiving AA infusion in the UAC. Data were retrieved from the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study, hospital records and the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register. Group comparisons, univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.

    RESULTS: AA group (n = 41, females 39%) received on average approximately 0.3 g/kg/day more protein during the first postnatal week, compared to control group (n = 30, females 40%) (unstandardised coefficient (B) 0.26, p .001) but no difference was noted during 8-28 postnatal days. The type of infusion was not associated with growth variables. The incidence of neonatal morbidities and UAC-related thrombosis did not differ between the groups.

    CONCLUSION: AA infusions in the UACs in ELGANs is safe and enhances protein supply during the first postnatal week. However, this practice is not associated with growth during the first 28 postnatal days.

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  • 44. Gkourogianni, Alexandra
    et al.
    Andrade, Anenisia C.
    Jonsson, Björn-Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical Genetics.
    Segerlund, Emma
    Werner-Sperker, Antje
    Horemuzova, Eva
    Dahlgren, Jovanna
    Burstedt, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical Genetics.
    Nilsson, Ola
    Pre- and postnatal growth failure with microcephaly due to two novel heterozygous IGF1R mutations and response to growth hormone treatment2020In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 109, no 10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To explore the phenotype and response to growth hormone in patients with heterozygous mutations in the insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene (IGF1R).

    Methods: Children with short stature, microcephaly, born SGA combined with biochemical sign of IGF-I insensitivity were analysed for IGF1R mutations or deletions using Sanger sequencing and Multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis.

    Results: In two families, a novel heterozygous non-synonymous missenseIGF1Rvariant was identified. In family 1, c.3364G > T, p.(Gly1122Cys) was found in the proband and co-segregated perfectly with the phenotype in three generations. In family 2, a de novo variant c.3530G > A, p.(Arg1177His) was detected. Both variants were rare, not present in the GnomAD database. Three individuals carrying IGF1R mutations have received rhGH treatment. The average gain in height SDS during treatment was 0.42 (range: 0.26-0.60) and 0.64 (range: 0.32-0.86) after 1 and 2 years of treatment, respectively.

    Conclusion: Our study presents two heterozygous IGF1R mutations causing pre- and postnatal growth failure and microcephaly and also indicates that individuals with heterozygous IGF1R mutations can respond to rhGH treatment. The findings highlight that sequencing of the IGF1R should be considered in children with microcephaly and short stature due to pre- and postnatal growth failure.

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  • 45. Granberg, Marie
    et al.
    Rydberg, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Fisher, Anne G
    Activities in daily living and schoolwork task performance in children with complex congenital heart disease.2008In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 97, no 9, p. 1270-4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: To examine if children with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) differ significantly from healthy children in performance of activities in daily living (ADL) and schoolwork tasks. METHODS: Fourteen children with complex CHD (3-14 years) were matched in pairs by age and gender to healthy children (n = 14). The ADL Taxonomy was used to evaluate ability to perform ADL and the School Version of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) to evaluate quality of schoolwork task performance. RESULTS: The children with complex CHD had significantly lower mean ADL, school motor and school process performance. Eight of the pairs differed significantly in school motor ability, ten in school process performance and nine in ability to perform ADL. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that there is a difference in overall performance both in ADL and schoolwork task performance between children with complex CHD and healthy children. These findings may suggest that early interventions should be provided for children with complex CHD, who often do not receive such services, in order to enhance participation in childhood ADL and schoolwork.

  • 46.
    Granbom, Elin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Fernlund, Eva
    Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Linköping and Children's Heart Centre, Lund, Sweden.
    Sunnegårdh, Jan
    Department of Cardiology at the Queen Silvia Children′s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lundell, Bo
    Paediatric Cardiology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Naumburg, Estelle
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Evaluating national guidelines for the prophylactic treatment of respiratory syncytial virus in children with congenital heart disease2014In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 103, no 8, p. 840-845Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: This is the first study to evaluate compliance with the 2003 Swedish national guidelines for prophylactic treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). We estimated the relative risk (RR) of children with CHD being hospitalised with a RSV infection, studied the extent to which RSV prophylactic treatment with palivizumab corresponded to the guidelines and determined the morbidity of children with CHD who developed RSV infection despite prophylaxis. Methods: This national observational study comprised prospectively registered data on 219 children with CHD treated with palivizumab, medical records on RSV cases and information on hospitalisation rates of children with CHD and RSV infection. Results: The calculated RR of children with CHD being hospitalised with RSV infection was 2.06 (950/0 Cl 1.6-2.6; p < 0.0001) compared with children without CHD. Approximately half of the patients (49%) born before the RSV season and 25% born during the RSV season did not start treatment as recommended by the guidelines. Conclusion: Having CHD increased the rate and estimated RR of children being hospitalised with RSV infection. The guidelines were not followed for about half of the children born before a RSV season and a quarter of the children born during a RSV season and need updating.

  • 47. Gras, Luuk
    et al.
    Wallon, Martine
    Pollak, Arnold
    Cortina-Borja, Mario
    Evengård, Birgitta
    Clinic of Clinical Bacteriology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hayde, Michael
    Petersen, Eskild
    Gilbert, Ruth
    Association between prenatal treatment and clinical manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis in infancy: a cohort study in 13 European centres2005In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 94, no 12, p. 1721-1731Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Only early versus no prenatal treatment for intracranial lesions showed a statistically significant benefit. A large randomized controlled trial and/or meta-analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies is required to confirm these findings.

  • 48. Grjibovski, Andrej M
    et al.
    Yngve, Agneta
    Bygren, Lars Olov
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Socialmedicin. Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Sjöström, Michael
    Socio-demographic determinants of initiation and duration of breastfeeding in northwest Russia2005In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 94, no 5, p. 588-594Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: This study examines socio-demographic determinants of initiation and duration of breastfeeding in a community-based cohort in northwest Russia.

    Methods: All infants born to women who were registered at the antenatal clinics in Severodvinsk in 1999 comprised the cohort (n = 1399) and were followed up at 1 y. Data on maternal and infant characteristics as well as the duration of breastfeeding were obtained from medical records. Proportional hazard analysis was applied to quantify the effect of the selected factors on the risk of breastfeeding discontinuation adjusted for potential confounders.

    Results: Only 1.3% of infants were never breastfed. Breastfeeding rates were 75.0% and 47.2% at 3 and 6 mo, respectively. Maternal age and early initiation of prenatal care were positively associated with breastfeeding initiation rates. Increased risks of breastfeeding discontinuation were found in teenage mothers (OR= 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06-1.99), in mothers with basic education (OR= 1.68, 95% CI: 1.06-2.66) and in unmarried mothers (OR= 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03-1.38). Women with no previous deliveries were more likely to breastfeed longer (OR= 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.90).

    Conclusions: Compared with previous studies in Russia, almost universal initiation and considerably higher rates of breastfeeding at specific time points were found. Social variations in initiation and duration of breastfeeding should raise concern of inequalities in breastfeeding practices in transitional Russia.

  • 49. Grut, Viktor
    et al.
    Söderström, Lars
    Naumburg, Estelle
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics. Unit of Research, Education and Development, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden.
    National cohort study showed that infants with Down's syndrome faced a high risk of hospitalisation for the respiratory syncytial virus2017In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 106, no 9, p. 1519-1524Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalisation in infants. We investigated this risk in children with Down's syndrome under two years of age, adjusted for other known risk factors. Methods: This national, retrospective 1: 2 matched cohort study comprised all Swedish children born with Down's from 2006 to 2011, who were each randomly matched to two controls without Down's. Data on RSV hospitalisation and risk factors for RSV were obtained from national registers. The risk of RSV hospitalisation was assessed using multivariable Cox regression with pairwise stratification. Results: The study comprised 814 children with Down's and 1628 controls. We found that 82 children with Down's (10.1%) and 22 controls (1.4%) were hospitalised for RSV. The hazard ratio for children with Down's was 4.00 (95% confidence interval 1.58-10.13) for up to one year of age and 6.60 (95% CI: 2.83-15.38) for up to two years of age, adjusted for other risk factors. During the second year of life, RSV hospitalisation continued for children with Down's, while it was minimal for the controls. Conclusion: Children with Down's faced a high risk of RSV hospitalisation, which continued beyond the first year of age.

  • 50. Hanson, Lars A
    et al.
    Silfverdal, Sven Arne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    The mother's immune system is a balanced threat to the foetus, turning to protection of the neonate.2009In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 98, no 2, p. 221-228Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Immunological tolerance by the mother prevents rejection of the foetus, but aberrations may increase risk of abnormalities like spontaneous abortion, or foetal growth restriction. The neonate is normally colonized with mother's gut microflora, mainly composed of protective anaerobes. This least threatening form of microbial colonization of the neonate, is impaired by sectio delivery, but supported by breastfeeding. Mother's transplacental IgG, secretory IgA and other milk components help protect the neonate together with its own slowly expanding immune system. CONCLUSION: The mother's immune system tolerates her foetus via several mechanisms. Failure to do so may cause foetal growth retardation, or spontaneous abortion. The mother and the neonate cooperate in preventing infections in the offspring.

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