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  • 1.
    Bengtsson, C.
    et al.
    Department of Rheumatology, Östersund Hospital, Sweden .
    Bengtsson, A. A.
    Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Sweden .
    Costenbader, K. H.
    Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA .
    Jönsen, A.
    2Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Sweden .
    Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Solbritt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Reumatology.
    Sturfelt, G.
    Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Sweden .
    Nived, O.
    Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Sweden .
    Systemic lupus erythematosus and cardiac risk factors: medical record documentation and patient adherence2011In: Lupus, ISSN 0961-2033, E-ISSN 1477-0962, Vol. 20, no 10, p. 1057-1062Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study explores patients' knowledge of cardiac risk factors (CRFs), analyses how information and advice about CRFs are documented in clinical practice, and assesses patient adherence to received instructions to decrease CRFs. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with >= 4 ACR criteria participated through completing a validated cardiovascular health questionnaire (CHQ). Kappa statistics were used to compare medical records with the self-reported CHQ (agreement) and to evaluate adherence. Two hundred and eleven (72%) of the known patients with SLE participated. The mean age of the patients was 55 years. More than 70% of the SLE patients considered hypertension, obesity, smoking and hypercholesterolaemia to be very important CRFs. The agreement between medical record documentation and patients' reports was moderate for hypertension, overweight and hypercholesterolaemia (kappa 0.42-0.60) but substantial for diabetes (kappa 0.66). Patients' self-reported adherence to advice they had received regarding medication was substantial to perfect (kappa 0.65-1.0). For lifestyle changes in patients with hypertension and overweight, adherence was only fair to moderate (kappa 0.13-0.47). Swedish SLE patients' awareness of traditional CRFs was good in this study. However, the agreement between patients' self-reports and medical record documentation of CRF profiles, and patients' adherence to medical advice to CRF profiles, could be improved. Lupus (2011) 20, 1057-1062.

  • 2. Bengtsson, C
    et al.
    Öhman, Marie-Louise
    Nived, O
    Rantapää Dahlqvist, Solbritt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Reumatology.
    Cardiovascular event in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in northern Sweden: incidence and predictors in a 7-year follow up study2012In: Lupus, ISSN 0961-2033, E-ISSN 1477-0962, Vol. 21, no 4, p. 452-459Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction. An increased rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been suggested in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The risk for myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery disease and stroke has been reported as particularly prevalent in younger females compared with the reference population. This study was performed to analyse the standard incidence ratio (SIR) of and predictors for cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with SLE from northern Sweden, with a fairly homogenous population.

    Methods. In 2000 all prevalent patients with SLE (≥4 American College of Rheumatology [ACR] criteria; n = 277) from the four northern-most counties of Sweden were assessed with clinical and laboratory analyses. Seven years follow-up data concerning MI and stroke were extracted from the national registers of hospitalization and death in Sweden. The incidence ratio among the patients was compared with that for the general population from the same catchment area using data from the same register and Statistics Sweden. To identify time to event and CVE predictors, two matched controls for each patient were used and disease related variables as CVD predictors.

    Results. The SIR for a CVE was 1.27 (95% CI 0.82-1.87) and for females separately aged 40-49 years was 8.00 (95% CI 1.65-23.38). The overall SIR for MI was 2.31 (95% CI 1.34-3.7), for females overall was 1.75 (95% CI 0.84-3.22) and for females aged between 40 and 49 years was 8.7 (95% CI 1.1-31.4). The time to an event was significantly shorter among SLE patients (p < 0.001) and was predicted by hypertension adjusted for smoking and disease. High SLEDAI and anti-cardiolipin IgG antibodies predicted an event in Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age and previous MI. Diabetes, smoking ever and sex did not affect the prediction models.

    Conclusion. The risk of a CVE, or MI, was eight- or nine-fold greater among middle-aged female SLE patients. Time to event was significantly shorter and CVE was associated with SLE-related factors including hypertension and age.

  • 3. Checa, A.
    et al.
    Idborg, H.
    Zandian, A.
    Sar, D. Garcia
    Surowiec, Izabella
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Trygg, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Svenungsson, E.
    Jakobsson, P-J
    Nilsson, P.
    Gunnarsson, I.
    Wheelock, C. E.
    Dysregulations in circulating sphingolipids associate with disease activity indices in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study2017In: Lupus, ISSN 0961-2033, E-ISSN 1477-0962, Vol. 26, no 10, p. 1023-1033Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the association of clinical and renal disease activity with circulating sphingolipids in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

    Methods We used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to measure the levels of 27 sphingolipids in plasma from 107 female systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 23 controls selected using a design of experiment approach. We investigated the associations between sphingolipids and two disease activity indices, the Systemic Lupus Activity Measurement and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index. Damage was scored according to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index. Renal activity was evaluated with the British Island Lupus Activity Group index. The effects of immunosuppressive treatment on sphingolipid levels were evaluated before and after treatment in 22 female systemic lupus erythematosus patients with active disease.

    Results Circulating sphingolipids from the ceramide and hexosylceramide families were increased, and sphingoid bases were decreased, in systemic lupus erythematosus patients compared to controls. The ratio of C-16:0-ceramide to sphingosine-1-phosphate was the best discriminator between patients and controls, with an area under the receiver-operating curve of 0.77. The C-16:0-ceramide to sphingosine-1-phosphate ratio was associated with ongoing disease activity according to the Systemic Lupus Activity Measurement and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, but not with accumulated damage according to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index. Levels of C-16:0- and C-24:1-hexosylceramides were able to discriminate patients with current versus inactive/no renal involvement. All dysregulated sphingolipids were normalized after immunosuppressive treatment.

    Conclusion We provide evidence that sphingolipids are dysregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus and associated with disease activity. This study demonstrates the utility of simultaneously targeting multiple components of a pathway to establish disease associations.

  • 4.
    Elbagir, Sahwa
    et al.
    Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Grosso, Giorgia
    Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Mohammed, NasrEldeen A
    Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
    Elshafie, Amir I
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology. Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Elagib, Elnour M
    Rheumatology Unit, Military Hospital, Omdurman, Sudan.
    Zickert, Agneta
    Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Manivel, Vivek Anand
    Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Pertsinidou, Eleftheria
    Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Nur, Musa A. M
    Rheumatology Unit, Alribat University Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan.
    Gunnarsson, Iva
    Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Rönnelid, Johan
    Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Svenungsson, Elisabet
    Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Associations with thrombosis are stronger for antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies than for the Sydney criteria antiphospholipid antibody tests in SLE2021In: Lupus, ISSN 0961-2033, E-ISSN 1477-0962, Vol. 30, no 8, p. 1289-1299Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin complex antibodies (aPS/PT) are risk factors for thrombosis, yet further validation of their clinical relevance in different ethnic groups is required. We investigated the performance of aPS/PT of IgA/G/M isotypes among Sudanese and Swedish systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

    Methods: Consecutive SLE patients/matched controls from Sudan (n = 91/102) and Sweden (n = 332/163) were included. All patients fulfilled the 1982 ACR SLE classification criteria. IgA/G/M of aPS/PT, anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) were tested in both cohorts, and lupus anticoagulant (LA) also in the Swedish cohort. Clinical antiphospholipid syndrome-related events and atherosclerosis, measured as carotid plaques were assessed for associations. Univariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors were performed.

    Results: Sudanese SLE patients had higher levels of IgM aPS/PT, but using national cut-offs, the frequency of positivity was similar to Swedish patients for all isotypes. Among Swedish patients, all isotypes of aPS/PT associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE), while only IgA aPS/PT associated with arterial thrombosis (AT). aPS/PT antibodies associated strongly with LA and they were, independently, the best predictor for VTE. Double positivity for aPS/PT and anti-β2GPI associated with higher VTE risk than the conventional triple positivity. Carotid plaques did not associate with any antiphospholipid antibody.

    Conclusions: IgA aPS/PT associated with AT, and the association of IgG/M aPS/PT with VTE outperforms LA and criteria antiphospholipid antibodies in Swedish SLE patients. Furthermore, double positivity for aPS/PT and anti-β2GPI performed better than conventional triple positivity. Future studies need to address if aPS/PT can replace LA, as this would simplify clinical procedures.

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  • 5.
    Eriksson, Catharina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Eneslätt, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Ivanoff, J
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Solbritt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Reumatology.
    Sundqvist, Karl-Gösta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Abnormal expression of chemokine receptors on T-cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus2003In: Lupus, ISSN 0961-2033, E-ISSN 1477-0962, Vol. 12, no 10, p. 766-774Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The expression of chemokine receptors on T-cells and chemokine levels in the blood was studied in 23 patients with SLE (ACR criteria), seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 15 healthy controls using flow cytometry, RT-PCR and ELISA. The cell surface expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR5 and CCR6 was decreased in SLE patients compared with controls (P = 0.051 and P = 0.002, respectively). The decrease of CXCR5 was confined to SLE patients with inactive disease (SLEDAI < 6) compared with active disease (SLEDAI &GE; 6) and controls. CXCR2 and CCR1 were increased in patients with active SLE compared with patients with inactive disease (P = 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively) and with controls ( P = 0.02 and P = 0.053, respectively). The levels of the chemokines MIP-1β MCP-1, SDF-1α, IP-10 and RANTES were significantly elevated in SLE patients compared with controls. Patients with renal involvement had increased surface expression of CXCR3 and CCR3 (P = 0.04 in both) and a lower level of soluble IP-10 compared with patients without renal disease (P = 0.025) and compared with controls (P = 0.001). The ratio between CCR5 and CCR3 was significantly increased in RA patients compared with SLE patients and controls supporting a Th1 overweight in RA. In conclusion, patients with SLE showed abnormal T-cell expression of several chemokine receptors and levels of soluble chemokines in their plasma/ serum.

  • 6.
    Eriksson, Catharina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Rantapää Dahlqvist, Solbritt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Reumatology.
    Cytokines in relation to autoantibodies before onset of symptoms for systemic lupus erythematosus2014In: Lupus, ISSN 0961-2033, E-ISSN 1477-0962, Vol. 23, no 7, p. 691-696Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: A number of cytokines and chemokines were analysed and related to autoantibodies in blood samples pre-dating the onset of symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: Thirty-five patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (American College of Rheumatology criteria) were identified as having donated blood samples, prior to symptom onset, to the Biobank of northern Sweden. Altogether, 140 age-and sex-matched controls were also identified. The concentrations of interferon-a, interleukin-4, interleukin-9, interleukin-10, interferon inducible protein-10 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were analysed using multiplex technology and related to autoantibodies (ANA, ENA, anti-dsDNA and anti-histone antibodies) analysed from the same blood sample. Results: The interferon-g inducible protein-10 levels were higher in the pre-symptomatic individuals than in controls (p < 0.05) and correlated with interferon-a (p < 0.01). The interferon-g inducible protein-10 and interferon-a concentrations were significantly increased in individuals positive for autoantibodies: interferon-g inducible protein-10 for ANA; anti-SSA/Ro and anti-Jo-1 antibodies; interferon-a with anti-SSB/La antibodies. The levels of interleukin-10, interferon-g inducible protein-10 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 increased significantly from the pre-symptomatic individuals to after onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. Conclusions: An increased concentration of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 pre-dated the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus and was related to autoantibodies before the onset of disease. The levels of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 and interferon-alpha were correlated. These findings support the proposal that the interferon system is important early in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and autoantibody formation.

  • 7. Jin, T
    et al.
    Almehed, K
    Carlsten, H
    Forsblad-d'Elia, Helena
    Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg.
    Decreased serum levels of TGF-β1 are associated with renal damage in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.2012In: Lupus, ISSN 0961-2033, E-ISSN 1477-0962, Vol. 21, no 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) has a large role in the control of autoimmunity. TGF-β1 production by lymphocytes is reduced in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Decreased levels of TGF-β1 might associate to disease susceptibility, activity and organ damage in SLE. However, the correlation between TGF-β1 levels and severity of renal damage in SLE has not been examined.

    METHODS: The present study was undertaken to assess the serum levels of total and active TGF-β1 in 150 female patients with SLE and 31 healthy women. Simple and multiple regression analyses between TGF-β1 levels and the diseases-related variables were performed in patients with SLE.

    RESULTS: Serum levels of both total and active TGF-β1 were significantly reduced in patients with SLE compared with levels in healthy controls (p < 0.01). Total TGF-β1 levels correlated positively with white blood cell, platelet counts, calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and active TGF-β1 level, and inversely with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In multiple regression analysis, ESR and platelet counts remained determinants of total TGF-β1. Total TGF-β1 levels were lower in patients with high disease activity (SLEDAI > 10) and severe organ damage (SLICC > 3). Significantly lower levels of total TGF-β1 were found in patients with severe renal damage, i.e. lower TGF-β1 in patients with 24-h urine protein over 3.5 g than in those with below 3.5 g (p < 0.05); lower TGF-β1 in patients with GFR less than 50 ml/min than in those with over 50 ml/min (p < 0.05). In contrast, active TGF-β1 only correlated with platelet counts. There was no association between renal damage and the levels of active TGF-β1.

    CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates significantly reduced serum levels of both total and active TGF-β1 in women with SLE compared with healthy women. Total TGF-β1 levels are correlated negatively with ESR and positively with blood platelets. Total TGF-β1 levels were lower in SLE patients with high disease activity and severe organ damage. Importantly, the severity of the renal damage was associated with decreased serum levels of total TGF-β1, suggesting that TGF-β1 might be involved in pathogenesis of renal damage caused by lupus nephritis.

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