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  • 1.
    Adama, Blekou
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Assessing the walking access to bus stops in Umeå urban area and the relationship with the socio-economic characteristics2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    To reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere and protect the environment, Swedish cities are heavily invested in sustainable development by developing pedestrian roads and intensifying public transport. Their goal is to make the population less dependent on cars by facilitating accessibility to transit transport. The urban area of ​​Umeå (Sweden), which is experiencing an annual increasing of it population due to urban development, includes 244 km of pedestrian or bike routes and an intensified bus network. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the walking accessibility of the population at bus stops and to analyze the socio-economic relationship. The use of GIS tools allowed to calculate the proportion of the population and the houses around the bus stop, the average distance accessibility. The use of 3D allowed the observation of access constraints related to the topography and to calculate the slope. The use of the multiple regression model has analyzed the relationship between the shortest accessibility distance and the socio-economic factors that are the income, gender and age. The results show that the average distance of access to the bus stop is 186m. 99.2% of the population lives within 800m from the bus stops. The results of the regression showed that income is the main factor that pushes people to take the bus and live in certain types of housing. The observation of the 3d map and the calculation of the slope made it possible to know the neighborhoods established in the hill and whose residents are susceptible to spend more energy than the other inhabitant living on flat ground. The results mean that most people living in the urban area of ​​Umeå have good access to the bus stop whatever the social group, the level of income and the type of housing.

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    Bus stops accessibility in Umeå urban area
  • 2.
    Agdahl, Helen
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    THE INTEGRATION PROCESS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION FOR FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN SPATIAL PLANNING: DRAWING EXAMPLES FROM ÄLVSTADEN-GOTHENBURGBETWEEN 1999-20152017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 80 credits / 120 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Due to climate change and natural variations in the hydrological cycle, global mean sea levels are increasing, causing the mean sea levels in different regions of the world to increase. In Sweden, coastal cities are facing rising water levels which is increasing flooding. The coastal community of Gothenburg, Sweden was identified the 18th most vulnerable city in the country both to flooding induced by water level rise and other climate change related impacts. Its location, in proximity of Lake Vänern, and in the mouth of the Göta River and its tributaries: Säveån, Mölndalsån and Lärjeån is heightening flood risk and vulnerability in the area. This thesis aims to contribute in comprehending the integration process of natural hazard and climate change adaptation for flood management in Älvstaden- central Gothenburg between 1999 and 2015. With the main objectives being” how the municipality of Gothenburg has applied the urban land use planning theory for the integration of natural hazard and climate change adaptation, with regards to adaptation for flood management in Älvstaden between 1999 and 2015? “What climate change adaptation policies for flood management have been implemented in Gothenburg within this time frame, and how the policies have been revised to match the reality of flood issues?” And “What improvements would be made in the integration process to better address adaptation for flood management?” A desk-based research and one case study approach was adopted for this study. The findings indicate that although the city has systematically used the steps involved in the integration process of natural hazard and climate change adaptation for flood management, it does not link the policies and the measures applied to adaptation for flood management. Which is an issue as it has led to the exclusion of vital functions of the integration process. Suggestions on how the integration process could be improved are provided.

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  • 3.
    Ahlberg, Caroline
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Planering av fritidshus: En studie om Stockholms skärgårds planaktörer och dilemmat fritidshus2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim for this bachelor thesis is to identify how second homes are applied in planning strategies between different levels of planning. The planning levels are identified by municipality’s and part-regional levels. Furthermore, this thesis aims to analyze in which contexts second homes brings consequences in both positive and negative ways. To answer the purpose of this analyze a case study based on Stockholm archipelago was made. Two part-regional documents, seven documents for the municipalities in the archipelago and two semi-structured interviews with stakeholders was conducted to answer the aim.

    Second homes indicate the change of where a resident primarily lives depending on season. Which means that planning strategies should take into consideration for a phenomenon that doesn’t dwell on an all year basis. Due to this analyze, six themes were identified for the implementation of second homes in the planning strategies. Two main themes were identified. The first theme is in regards of the change that plays out when a second home becomes the primary dwelling and on the other hand when the primary dwelling becomes a second home. This in a combination with the second theme which indicates that the localization of the dwellings is of high priority for planning strategies in Stockholm archipelago. Remaining themes are identified in the planning strategies for the municipalities, which is the local level in this study. They indicate for example that second homes can provide profit for the local organizations and stakeholders, but some contexts also include the opposite implication as well. Furthermore, the themes apply to restrictions of use, constructions and the local conditions. 

  • 4. Ahmed, Bayes
    et al.
    Hasan, Rakibul
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Maniruzzaman, K. M.
    Urban Morphological Change Analysis of Dhaka City, Bangladesh, Using Space Syntax2014In: ISPRS International journal of geo-information, ISSN 2220-9964, Vol. 3, no 4, p. 1412-1444Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article is based on a study of the morphological changes of Dhaka City, the capital of Bangladesh. The main objective of the research is to study the transformation of urban morphology in Dhaka City from 1947 to 2007. Three sample wards (18, 19 and 72) of Dhaka City Corporation are strategically selected as the study areas. Ward 72 has an indigenous type of organic settlement, whereas ward 19 is a planned area, and ward 18 represents a mixed (both planned and informal) type of settlement. In this research, the transformation of urban settlement pattern is examined through space syntax. The results show that the organic settlements (ward 72) are highly integrated both in terms of the local and global syntactic measures (lowest standard deviation for local and global integration, with the highest intelligibility values), and are more connectivity. The scenario is opposite in the case of planned settlements. The characteristics of mixed areas (ward 18) lie in between the organic and planned settlements. Therefore, in summary, it can be stated that the integration, connectivity and intelligibility measures of Dhaka City are found to be high, medium and low for the indigenous, mixed and planned settlement types; respectively.

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  • 5.
    Akhmetzyanova, Leyla
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Modeling Income-Based Residential Segregation in Moscow, Russian Federation2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 80 credits / 120 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis investigates spatial patterns of income-based residential segregation at the neighborhood level in the Russian capital city Moscow within new administrative boundaries, which have received relatively little attention in prior studies. It is argued that Moscow faces high levels of income inequality exacerbated by growing levels of spatial segregation between the affluent and prestigious Center – South-West and poor industrial South – South-East. Applying a whole set of quantitative methods complemented with computer mapping techniques, based on the latest 2013 data by the City of Moscow Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics and 2010 Census data, this study provides new insights into spatial differentiation processes and elaborates policy solutions aimed at addressing economic disparities in the city. A key finding of this thesis is that income segregation in the study area has been driven to a larger extent by the isolation of very poor neighborhoods from middle- and upper-income areas.

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  • 6.
    Alcazar, Liza
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Att inte bli iakttagen men ändå bli sedd: En studie om tjejers trygghet i det offentliga rummet och hur det kan planeras för trygga och jämställda miljöer2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Making individuals feel safe in public space is an increasingly relevant issue in planning the city's public space. However, fear is not easy to explain or counteract as this is something that is highly subjective. Many urban planning projects are being carried out today focusing on creating safe and equal environments. Such a project is Frizon in Umeå municipality, which is a meeting place based on young girls' experience of security and gender equality.This study tries to create an understanding of how planners can work with girls' safety in the public space, as well as create an understanding of how places that are planned based on security and gender equality can be perceived.The study has been conducted through interviews, surveys and observations, in which young girls experience the city of Umeå and the meeting place Frizon has been the focus.The result shows that the city is primarily a place to hang out with friends and the places most used by the girls in the city are the central parts for shopping and food, but also some of the city's parks.Many of the girls who participated in the study feel insecure sometimes when in the city, but this is something that occurs mainly when they are alone. Hanging out with their friends is not just something they do for socializing, but this is also something that gives them a sense of security. The result also shows that Frizon is an appreciated place by many girls, but that the site partially feels somewhat unavailable during certain times of the day and year.

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  • 7.
    Almstedt, Åsa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Post-productivism in rural areas: A contested concept2013In: Natural resources and regional development theory / [ed] Linda Lundmark, Camilla Sandström, Umeå: Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, Umeå universitet , 2013, p. 8-22Chapter in book (Other academic)
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    Post-productivism in rural areas: A contested concept
  • 8.
    Almstedt, Åsa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Brouder, Patrick
    Karlsson, Svante
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History.
    Lundmark, Linda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History.
    Beyond Post-productivism: From Rural Policy Discource to Rural Diversity2014In: European Countryside, E-ISSN 1803-8417, Vol. 6, no 4, p. 297-306Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There has been a strong discourse in public policy aimed at transforming rural places from venues of primary production into truly diverse socioeconomic landscapes. Yet conceptualisations of the rural as envisioned in the policy and politics of the ‘new economy’ often prove to be elusive on the ground. However, post-productive activity in rural areas has become a major focus for rural studies scholars. This paper investigates the ideas of post-productivism in the existing literature, and argues for a holistic understanding of post-productivism as an idea and political ambition rather than an imperative and irreversible change of rural economic activity. The purpose of the study is to make clear the division between post-productivism and the related concepts of post-production and post-productive activities in order to better understand processes of rural change in relation to different geographical contexts. It is argued that post-productivism as a concept stands apart from de facto post-production and alternative concepts such as multifunctionality and should be regarded as part of broader regional development discourses. The paper outlines several important fields in which post-productivism is a necessary component for rural transformation and development. While it is not always easily captured in indicators or empirical studies in rural locations, post- productivism exists at the level of discourse and planning and thus has real effects on the ground. The paper concludes by offering suggestions on how to apply the concepts of post-productivism, post-production and multifunctionality in future studies. 

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  • 9.
    Almstedt, Åsa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Reed, Maureen G.
    Introducing a framework for good and adaptive governance: an application to fire management planning in Canada's boreal forest2013In: Forestry Chronicle, ISSN 0015-7546, Vol. 89, no 5, p. 664-674Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Planning for and managing disturbances in protected areas requires governance arrangements that are both adaptive to changing conditions and effective in dealing with multiple challenges. This paper presents a framework composed of principles and criteria of good and adaptive governance that pays attention to inclusiveness, responsibility, fairness, strategic vision, performance orientation, and adaptiveness. The framework was empirically tested on fire management planning in Prince Albert National Park, Saskatchewan, Canada, involving interactions between Parks Canada and Saskatchewan Environment. Our results suggest that while the principle of performance orientation was upheld, principles such as inclusiveness and adaptiveness were only partially supported. Additional testing beyond fire management planning can help determine the utility of the framework for other environmental management situations.

  • 10.
    Amukena Nyqvist, Benjamin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Företagskluster och närhet i Katutura, Namibia: En studie kring småföretag, närhet och klusterfördelar2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In Economic Geography, there has been a strong interest of how different forms of proximity impacts businesses. In addition, there is also a strong interest in business agglomeration, as a result businesses cluster together through physical proximity, networks and knowledge. In the development sector, there is a strong interest on how to best support the creations and growth of small enterprises.

    This essay emphasises on the business cluster formations in Katutura, a suburb to Windhoek the capital city of Namibia. It oversees the impacts of different types of cluster formations and their effects on the businesses. In addition, this essay will identify the main clusters in Katutura and state what makes them unique from each other and what is a common cluster feature. Furthermore, it will give answers to the questions that follows: How does these forms of clusters influence businesses in Katutura? How are businesses conducted in different clusters? What benefits will the businesses derive from these forms of proximity and clustering?

    The data presented in the essay was collect from different clusters of business with regard to utilities, knowledge and skills, finances, and other important indicators of business wellbeing. The data is used to compare the different clusters and their forms of proximity within them.

    It is then concluded in the essay that the most successful clusters are those that are located at the incubation centres in terms of turn over but not with profit margins. Also, it was observed that these clusters are specialized. Furthermore, it was also observed that businesses seem to invest more in clusters with the highest innovation and diversification. In addition to the concluded observation, it was also observed that there is evolutionary processes amongst the clusters in Katutura such as described in the literature. 

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  • 11.
    Andersson, Erika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Are You Staying?: A Study of In-movers to Northern Sweden and the Factors Influencing Migration and Duration of Stay2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The distribution of the population has multiple implications on regional development and planning. In-migration is frequently seen as the only possible solution in order to rejuvenate the population and stimulate regional development in sparsely populated regions. A population increase results in greater tax revenues, meaning that local authorities can plan for their inhabitants and expenditures in a more sufficient way. In addition, certain professionals are needed in order to support essential local services such as schools and hospitals. Place marketing with the intention of attracting in-movers has become increasingly popular, especially for rural, sparsely populated Swedish municipalities. Still, the outcome from place marketing efforts are dubious and in addition, migration has a temporal aspect and individual migration propensity usually fluctuates over time. This begs the question – how long do in-movers stay? Is there potential for long lasting development in sparsely populated regions connected to in-movers or is it temporary?

    This study focuses on the duration of time until an in-mover re-migrates from Region 8 in northern Sweden and which socioeconomic and demographic factors that influences the out- migration. This is studied by applying an event history method with discrete-time logistic regressions. The study follows individuals in working age that moved to any of nine specified municipalities in Västerbotten and Norrbotten County, sometime between 2000 and 2011. Questions posed for the study is: i) On average, how long did people who moved to Region 8 between the years 2000-2011 stay in the region? ii) What are the socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence the out-migration from the region? iii) Do the influencing factors differ between women and men?

    The results show that the time perspective matters as the risk of moving out was highest in the initial years and that it declines with time. 30 % of the sampled in-movers had moved out again within the time of observation, and on average the in-movers stayed for nine years. The regression results indicated that the factors that had the greatest influence on the out- migration was unemployment, being between 20-26 years old, high education, having and unemployed partner, and having children below school age. Women had a slightly lower likelihood of moving out compared to men, and the most prominent influential factor to outmigration that varied between women and men was unemployment. 

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    Are You Staying
  • 12.
    Andersson, Erika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Att kommersialisera och sälja en plats: en analys av resereklam, representationer och geografiska föreställningar2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Pictures are often used when marketing a tourist destination. Photographs of a place, a destination, are used to convince customers and stimulate daydreaming in order to turn a potential customer into a real customer. For some people the photographic representations of a place is the only one they experience. With this in mind, it is reasonable to question how representations of places and geographical imaginations are being (re)produced when marketing a destination by using photographs. This paper aims to study how representations of place and people are used when marketing a tourist destination via travel commercial. The study was conducted by analysing images used for marketing tourist destinations located outside Europe, with a focus on photographs portraying people. The pictures included in this study were found in five travel catalogues for the Swedish market. The sample was narrowed down and reduced to three pictures, which were analysed by using a semiotic image analysis. The study aim to answer the following questions: When marketing a tourist destination how are people in the tourism advertising being presented? In what way can the images that are being used for tourism advertising generate stereotypes about places/people?

    The study indicates that, according to the included sample, the people portrayed in tourism advertising are being presented in a stereotypical manner. 

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  • 13.
    Andersson, Lars-Fredrik
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic history.
    Bergquist, Ann-Kristin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic history.
    Eriksson, Rikard
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Profits, dividends and industry restructuring: the Swedish paper and pulp industry between 1945 and 19772016In: Scandinavian Economic History Review, ISSN 0358-5522, E-ISSN 1750-2837, Vol. 64, no 3, p. 278-296Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper explores the role of profit distribution in the restructuring of the Swedish paper and pulp industry between 1945 and 1977. In addressing this issue, we will draw on the life-cycle theory and market imperfection arguments to examine whether the less profitable firms shared more of their profits as dividends, or remained on the market longer by reinvesting the majority of the profits. Our study shows that an increasing share of the profits was distributed to owners over time, and thus less profit was reinvested in industrial renewal. We find that the observed general upward trend in dividends can be attributed to the decline in profit and firm legacy, as firms in the Swedish pulp and paper industry kept dividends up while reducing reinvestment as their profit margins decreased over time. Our study shows that the market imperfections related to capital taxation and investment funds increased rather than decreased dividends.

  • 14.
    Andersson, Lars-Fredrik
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic history.
    Eriksson, Rikard
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Hane-Weijman, Emelie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Växande Regionala Obalanser2018In: Ekonomisk Debatt, ISSN 0345-2646, Vol. 46, no 8, p. 52-63Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Den svenska ekonomiska geografin genomgår en snabb förändring. Allt fler tjänstejobb skapas i storstäderna. I takt med att industrijobben minskar bidrar det till färre jobb totalt sett utanför storstäderna. Det hänger samman med storstädernas ekonomiska mångfald: att tjänsterna växer fram i nära koppling till andra relaterade verksamheter. Många tjänster kräver specialkompetenser och hög utbildning, resurser som främst finns i storstäder. Därtill finns starkare efterfrågan kopplad till högre privat köpkraft och offentlig konsumtion. Då dessa processer i hög grad är självförstärkande, spelar politiken en viktig roll för att hantera omvandlingens negativa effekter.

  • 15.
    Andersson, Sarah
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Hur stor "plats" får platsen ta när hotell marknadsför sig online?: En innehållsanalysav platsens vikt i online-markandsföring av fem hotell i Umeå.2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 16.
    Andersson-Skog, Lena
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economic History. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM).
    Hansen, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM).
    Westin, Kerstin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social and Economic Geography. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM).
    Var god tag plats - nu går sista bussen2011Report (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Andreasson, My
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Emergency Water Planning and the Issues with making Drinking Water Accessible for Everyone2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In Sweden, the access to drinking water is something that often is taken for granted. But several incidents where regions have found themselves without drinking water shows that we should be more concerned about crisis management concerning drinking water. Regulations state that even in a situation with drinking water disturbance the municipality is responsible for providing all citizens with drinking water of acceptable quality. When drinking water is not delivered in regular pipelines it is called emergency water, which is an alternative way to distribute drinking water within the region. During a crisis it is important that the authorities can act quickly in order to minimize the consequences that will occur if a region is without drinking water. The National Food Agency (Livsmedelsverket) have therefore developed a guide for municipalities how to make an emergency water plan. It contains information of how to map and prioritize water users. This is a case study of Nordmaling Municipality that investigates how and why water users should be prioritized during a disturbance in drinking water. The aim has also been to locate emergency water containers for citizens and study the accessibility of these locations and the level of justice within the society connected to citizens (in)accessibility. In order to do this study, the guide from the National Food Agency have been studied along with consultation with the municipal administration. Then a quantitative Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) in GIS has been performed in order to find “optimal” locations for emergency water resources. Recommendations from the National Food Agency have been followed within the frame, ability and visions of Nordmaling Municipality. The study displays the functions that will obtain emergency water, and recommendations and regulations behind the decisions. Along with 12 different locations which have been decided based on results from the MCA. Water users (with extra consideration to vulnerable water users) living outside of the geographical “catchment-area” of a location with emergency water have been studied. This has shown that the locations are not accessible for everyone within the municipality. Constrained accessibility can be seen especially for elderly and those living in the sparsely parts of Nordmaling, which displays an unjust society.

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  • 18.
    Anishchenko, Mariia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Ecotourists’ motivation and its relation to the ecotourism’s principles2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 30 credits / 45 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Ecotourists' motivation
  • 19.
    Anne, Ouma
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    From Rural Gift to Urban Commodity: Traditional Medicinal Knowledge and Socio-spatial Transformation in the Eastern Lake Victoria Region2013Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    As we celebrate all the dynamic and dramatic improvements in human health care in the 21st century, life in much of Africa begins with and is sustained with the support of traditional medicinal knowledge. Research on traditional medicinal knowledge (TMK) is extensive, but rather few studies have been written about Traditional Healers' (THs') own perceptions about TMK and practices in relation to changing societal dynamics.

    The aim of this thesis is to examine how THs perceive on going socio-spatial transformation, including contemporary processes of urbanization, migration, commercialization and commodification of TMK, as well as changing dynamics of learning and knowledge systems between generations and genders and how these affect their medicinal healing practices in time and space.

    The thesis consists of four main empirical chapters, which derive from different data sources including literature, documentation review and qualitative interview material. The findings in this thesis can be summarised as follows: First that TMK today exists side by side with modern health systems, in what are seen as complex patterns of medical pluralism that provide evidence of an evolving role the TH plays in primary health care, in the rural and urban space. Youthful migrating population dynamics that are linked to historical processes, have effectively carved an emerging cross-sectoral role of the TH in the formal space.

    Secondly the developing legislation on IPR and ABS in parallel with the representation of an earlier official formal governance around TMK in Tanzania; and the difference in the sectors where TMK is anchored in the two contexts, could have paved way to some earlier collaborative mechanisms, that today provide space to enable a more natural engagement between formal and informal organizations involved in the governance of TMK in Tanzania. Thirdly, the practical ways in which TMK learning processes, which are characterized by learning systems in place, being sent and visiting sacred places that are lived by an apprentice over a number of years, have increasingly come under pressure. Fourthly the thesis shows approaches by THs, encouraging the youth to access conventional medicinal education followed by, or in parallel with TMK learned through traditional pedagogies employed by the THs themselves. The youth’s keen interest in learning TMK is seen to increase when they view improved livelihood possibilities due to the commercialization of medicinal plants. The future of TMK learning processes may be limited unless incentives are put in place for the youth regarding their future livelihoods. Fifth, gendered and generational dimensions suggest that older and some younger female THs reemphasize the values of the gift and TMK in a climate of increased commodification and commercialization of TMK, where TMK increasingly meets neoliberal processes, engaging an alternative paradigm than the gift economy, where a predominance of male TH’s in the urban space and places, increasingly define the diversification of the TMK livelihoods. The gift provided by a higher power and which is embedded in a particular cosmological view, to be used as a social service to help the community, is increasingly evolving as an emerging tested force in a changing ideological climate, with an increasing awareness of commodification, commercialization, IPR and ABS issues surrounding TMK. It implies awareness in relation to the increased benefits of commoditized and commercialized medicinal plant knowledge (which THs hold) for other individuals and institutions.

    The TH profession and TMK is seen as entering a contested IPR/ABS arena at a time when increasingly socio-spatial transformations are modifying its role from that of a gift to an owned commodity. However while the practice of TMK has changed over time and space, presenting new challenges as well as opportunities, it is also seen as a threat that anyone today can sell and market TMK products.

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    From Rural Gift to Urban Commodity
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    spikblad
  • 20.
    Arango Nilsson, Emilio
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Kulturens betydelse och effekter som utvecklingsstrategi: En fallstudie om kulturhuvudstadsåret och kulturdriven tillväxt i Umeå2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to identify how cultural development and the European cultural capital event applies within the context of city development in Umeå. Furthermore, the study aims to examine how the European cultural capital event affects the local cultural actors. The analysis is a case study based upon how local and municipal cultural actors use culture to develop the municipality of Umeå and how the European cultural capital event has affected their work. To answer the aim of the thesis six semi-structured interviews was performed with cultural actors both within the municipality and private sector. This was to get wide-ranging information about cultural development in Umeå. The method to extract information was through thematic analysis of the preformed interviews, this allowed me as researcher to fully analyze the extracted material.

     

    The results of the study reveal that culture permeates city development in Umeå. Primarily the municipality makes great effort to make the city development rich with culture. Despite the effort culture is not a certainty in urban development and it is a constant political struggle to maintain and emphasize the importance of culture in city development. The study revealed that some actors feel that culture has become too commercialized in the municipality’s effort to generate urban growth, especially in the wake of the European capital event. All interviewed actors indicate that the European cultural capital event has had a great impact on their work and working methods. Primarily internal collaborations between the municipality and private cultural actors have been identified as meaningful, due to the many possibilities it brought, for all actors and the lack of collaboration in the post cultural capital Umeå is missed. There is an underlying understanding that all actors want to collaborate again but the lack of resources and common goals interferes. 

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  • 21.
    Back, Andreas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Marjavaara, Roger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Den mångsidiga fritidshusturismen2018In: Ikaros, ISSN 1796-1998, Vol. 15, no 1, p. 9-13Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 22.
    Back, Andreas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography. Umeå University.
    Marjavaara, Roger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Mapping an invisible population: the uneven geography of second-home tourism2017In: Tourism Geographies, ISSN 1461-6688, E-ISSN 1470-1340, Vol. 19, no 4, p. 596-611Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Second-home tourism is a very popular form of tourism in many countries, particularly in the Nordic countries. More than half of the Swedish population have access to second homes. Previous studies have revealed that there is great variation between different second homes. Examples range from rustic Australian shacks, lonely cabins in the Norwegian mountains, spacious Swedish archipelago villas and palatial Russian dachas. Still, second homes are often seen and analysed as a unitary category – a perspective that obscures the considerable heterogeneity within the category as well as spatial differences in the impact of second-home tourism. Using a second-home typology from previous research and data on about 660,000 second homes, we analyse the heterogeneity of second homes by mapping the composition of the Swedish second-home stock. Results show the uneven geography of second-home tourism, revealing significant and sometimes steep differences between peripheral areas and urban hinterlands, tourism hot-spots, and areas in decline. Based on these results, we assert that there is good cause to move away from using second homes as a unitary category. Instead, we argue for viewing second homes as an umbrella concept with dwelling use in focus. This enables a greater sensibility to place and more accurate analyses of the uneven impacts of second-home tourism. The results also give greater insights into the impact of the ‘invisible population’ of second-home owners from a public planning perspective.

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  • 23.
    Bennmarker, Martin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Växande Befolkningsklyftor i ett ständigt föränderligt samhälle - Västerbotten 2000-20142015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    ABSTRACT

    The purpose of this thesis is to examine the development trends regarding the development and composition of the population during 2000-2014. The purpose is also to discuss this development related to theories and trends in a bigger perspective.The study is quantitative and uses data from SCB. The study is a description of the population development and composition of age and gender for the municipalities in the county.The results shows that most municipalities has a negative development during the time frame and that almost all population growth is in Umeå. Every municipality has a decreased share of young people and an increased share of old people. The age and gender composition as well as the dependency ratio differ a lot between the municipalities. The development cause the differences between municipalities to increases during the time.

    Key words: Västerbotten, population, migration, development,gender balance, dependency ratio

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  • 24.
    Berggren, Hampus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Du kan börja med att ställa dig i bostadskö: En kvalitativ studie om bostadsbrist i Umeå med fokus på unga och utsatta på bostadsmarknaden2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The name of this essay, You can begin with waiting in line for a recidence, describes some of the problems that are connected with the issue of finding a home.

    This essay attempts to explain the difficulties of finding a home for young individuals and vulnerable social classes in the society. To receive a better understanding of the subject, qualitative methodology was chosen, such as semistructured interviews with private property owners in Umeå. Contact was also made with Umeå municipality through telephone and email.

    The interviews was recorded, analyzed and then connected to the research questions. The main material that were used in this essay was mainly provided by Umeå municipality. The responses from the interviews, together with the analyzed documents are considered to contribute to a high credibility of the study results.

    The result describes the problems of finding a home as very complexed. Where the economical situation of young individuales and vulnerable classes, determines the possibilities for these social groups to find a home. The municipalities responsibility of providing areas that are ready to exploit is also seen as a crucial factor, to ensure that the production of new buildings is possible. As populationgrowth varies from each year, requirements are also changing in which type of residential housing that are requested.

    Therefore, it is important to find out what type of residential housing that are requested, before the construction starts, to prevent offering a supply of buildings that no one requests.

    Keywords: housing shortage, population growth, young idividuals, vulnerable classes, municipality of Umeå.

  • 25.
    Bergman, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Polariseringens geografi: Regionala effekter av finanskrisen 20082018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper documents macro-economic change in Swedish regional labor markets during the last great recession (2008). This is made by using Swedish macro-data and analyzing employment flows over the period 2003-2013. The findings point to the fact that there is great disparity in the geography both when it comes to how the regions resist crises and recoup in the aftermath (Resilience) and how the crisis effect the labor market and its momentum in the recovery phase (polarization). The findings indicate that the 2008 financial crisis affected the Swedish regional labor market in a polarized development. Regions that showed patterns of this behavior before the recession managed to go through the crisis and recoup well, whereas the regions that didn’t show a polarized pattern before 2008 had a much harder time recuperating after the crises. With these findings we can generate a more sophisticated knowledge how regional economies can resist and recoup after financial recessions and use this to reduce the impact of future recessions. 

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    Fredrik Bergman, Polariseringens geografi - regionala effekter av finanskrisen 2008
  • 26.
    Bergström, Stina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Om geografiska informationssystem (GIS) och dess tillämpningar inom barncancerforskning: Ett fokus på GIS i forskningen om barnleukemi och dess etiologi2011Student paper other, 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to summarize the literature about geographic information systems (GIS) and its applications in childhood cancer research. The main focus was to examine how GIS has been contributing to the research of childhood leukemia and its etiology. Since this is one of the diseases that can be connected to a public health issue, a thorough exploration of different areas outside the childhood cancer area had to be considered. Areas such as epidemiology and environmental health were two of the most relevant sources of literature. The etiology behind childhood leukemia has been studied for several decades, but the risk factors that cause this disease still remain largely unknown, and the results have been inconsistent. Since the 1990's, one of the methods to identify potential spatial clusters of childhood leukemia has been the use of GIS. This software has the ability to layer multiple risk factors in relation to the diagnosed children and thereafter visualize potential clusters on a map. The evaluation of the literature resulted in five topics which included most of the studies that has utilized GIS in their research of childhood leukemia. These five topics with its connected risk factors were: electromagnetic fields, ionizing radiation, air pollution, agricultural pesticides and hazardous waste sites. Even though few of the studies showed statistic significant clusters when connecting a potential risk factor with childhood leukemia, a majority of them didn't present any evidence about a causal relationship, which indicates a need of further research.   

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    GIS och barnleukemi – litteraturstudie
  • 27.
    Bergstén, Sabina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History.
    Stjernström, Olof
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History. Faculty of Social Sciences, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway.
    Pettersson, Örjan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Experiences and emotions among private forest owners versus public interests: why ownership matters2018In: Land use policy, ISSN 0264-8377, E-ISSN 1873-5754, Vol. 79, p. 801-811Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    By adopting a qualitative approach and considering the case of Sweden, the aim of the paper is to investigate and analyse how private forest owners' experiences and emotions related to their private forest ownership manifest themselves in their relationship to public use of their forests and public planning for recreation and biodiversity on their land. The study incorporates and elaborates upon a conceptual framework related to the dimensions of property rights, feelings of ownership, and sense of place in its analysis of the private forest ownership context. Fifty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with forest owners owning land in two geographically different areas. The results demonstrate the important role of the 'social contract' of rights and responsibilities, which are associated with the concept of property rights, and are embedded in the relationship between private ownership and the Swedish custom of the Right of Public Access to nature in the broad acceptance of public use of private forestland. The forest owners' relationships with public planning are diverse and complex, illustrating the various dimensions of private forest ownership, the heterogeneous forest owner corps, and the different geographical contexts. The dimensions of ownership feelings and sense of place, and the interplay between them, are shown to contribute to enhanced sentiments linked to forest ownership, expressed in ambivalence or lack of conviction about public planning. An important point of resistance to public interests is owners' identity as stewards or long-term custodians of their particular forestland. The article ends with a set of recommendations for public policy and planning processes regarding public interests related to private forest ownership.

  • 28.
    Bern, Sofia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Business Administration.
    Haugen, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM).
    Jansson, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Business Administration.
    Nordlund, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Olsson, Olof
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Westin, Kerstin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History.
    ”Det är ju som vilken annan bil som helst”: röster om elbilar2015Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 29.
    Bern, Sofia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE).
    Jansson, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE). RiseB.
    Nordlund, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM).
    Nyman, Emma
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM).
    Westin, Kerstin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History.
    Mobilitet och tillgänglighet – framtidens resande2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Trafikverket har gett TRUM (Transportforskningsenheten vid Umeå Universitet) i uppdrag att utreda framtidens mobilitet innefattande frågor såsom privatpersoners attityder och normer till resande med bil och däribland självkörande bilar, betalningsvilja, syn på ägande inställning till individuellt resande gentemot kollektivt resande, samt intressenters förväntningar på ett framtida tillgängligt transportsystem. Därutöver önskar Trafikverket ökad förståelse kring arbetssätt och metoder för att möta teknikutveckling och framtida mobilitet. Syftet med föreliggande rapport är att svara på dessa frågeställningar utifrån litteraturstudier och intervjuer.

    Det huvudsakliga underlaget för rapporten är en genomgång av litteratur relaterad till transporter, mobilitet och historiska såväl som framtida trender. Fokus har varit på persontransporter kopplat till människors beteende, samt vad privatpersoner, framtidsspanare och företrädare för bil- och teknikbranschen tror kommer att hända med personresande i framtiden. Utöver litteraturstudien genomfördes sex intervjuer under januari och februari 2016. Intervjuerna gjordes med syfte att öka förståelsen för hur människor resonerar kring mobilitet och transporter i dagsläget och hur de tror att vi kommer att resa i framtiden. Utifrån litteraturgenomgången och intervjuerna kan konstateras att attityder till elbilar generellt sett är positiva. Hinder för ett bredare genombrott utgörs av uppfattade prisskillnader, räckviddsångest och uppfattad brist på laddinfrastruktur. Som drivkrafter kan nämnas ökat miljömedvetande och alltmer positiva attityder bland flera olika aktörer, till exempel teknikutvecklare. När det gäller självkörande bilar är attityderna mer varierande. Bland annat lyfts säkerhetsfaktorer, tillgänglighet och det faktum att flera bilmodeller redan idag utrustas med olika typer av autonomifunktioner. Enligt olika bedömningar kommer koncept såsom Mobility as a Service och liknande att leda till förändrade attityder och normer när det gäller både privat och kollektivt resande. Avslutningsvis lämnas förslag på hur dessa och andra förändringar kan följas och förstås utifrån ett planeringsperspektiv. Olika metoder och perspektiv är viktiga för att skapa en bild över framtida utveckling redan idag, framförallt kopplat till de miljöutmaningar samhället står inför.

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  • 30.
    Bertilsson, Erik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Befolkningstillväxtens mosaik i Umeå kommun2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this thesis is to present and analyze population developments within Umeå municipality during the period 1992 to 2012. The study also aims to discuss growth trends presented in previous papers to seek common factors and get a deeper understanding.

    Data for 1992, 2002 and 2012 on a sub area level supplied by Umeå municipality was used. The study shows a continued positive development across almost all sub areas, but a differing growth rate from centre to periphery, and also a diversified medium age among the inhabitants.

    While the city center continues to have the highest growth of population during the studied years, a recent trend seems to point to a growing popularity to settle in the outskirts of the municipality, primarily near the coast.

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    erikbertilsson
  • 31.
    Bindler, Finn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Godstransporter: Utveckling, mätning och samband2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract 

    Sweden is an import and export dependent country and the main means of transportation of freight is by road transportation. Road transportation includes light to heavy trucks and are used for all types of purposes, for example from warehouse to market or from storage to building site. 

    The aim of this study is to describe how freight generation is calculated and predicted. Additionally, it aims towards analyzing the connection between economic growth and freight transport. Further the study seeks to describe the development of freight transport in Sweden. Lastly the study seeks to see how much freight a new investment in infrastructure in the shape of a grocery store would generate in Umeå. This is accomplished by utilizing a tool developed by Trafikverket, analysis of governmental documents and empirical evidence. Previous research has been used to understand the importance of road planning and the effect it has on urban environments and further deepening the knowledge of freight traffics impact on not only economy.

    Freight generation is calculated by using different types of models developed by Trafikverket. These tools are called EVA, Sampers, Samkalk, Samgods and the Traffic generation tool. The traffic generation tool is the only tool of the five which sole purpose is to forecast traffic generation. However, the tool poorly estimates the amount of freight generated by a new investment. The results show that economic growth and freight transport have a strong connection with each other. A new grocery store in Umeå would generate 42 new commercial traffic vehicles which includes freight. 

    The conclusion is that the availability of analyze freight generation of new investment in infrastructure without Trafikverket is almost impossible. This is an issue because of the various consequences that freight transport entails, such as lowered air quality, worsened traffic safety, congestion in urban areas. To be able to safely gauge the amount of freight a project will generate is therefore an important step in sustainable development. 

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Key words: Freight generation, Freight transport, economic growth, urban and road planning

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  • 32.
    Bjärstig, Therese
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Keskitalo, Carina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    How to Influence Forest-Related Issues in the European Union? Preferred Strategies among Swedish Forest Industry2013In: Forests, ISSN 1999-4907, E-ISSN 1999-4907, Vol. 4, no 3, p. 693-709Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although forestry is not a regulated area in the European Union (EU), numerous decisions in other policy areas are related to forestry. However, its position outside of formal policy-making can result in the fact that actors, such as those within the forest industry, may have a larger role when compared to other policy sectors where the state system has an integrated role. This explorative study reviews the ways in which the forest industry in Sweden, one of the EU states with the most forest land, tries to protect and promote its interests on an EU-level. It concludes that a main way to influence  decision-making in the EU is through lobbying, through its own organisations and through the transnational trade association, The Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI). The study shows that collectively conducted lobbying is largely preferred which means that internal communication is important since lobbying at the EU-level is potentially limited by the diverging positions of trade association members as well as among the different trade associations themselves.

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  • 33.
    Björnander, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography. 911213-2593.
    Trenden OCR, vad är det som lockar?: En studie om resemotiv för högt och lågt involverade människor inom OCR.2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Sport tourism is one of the fastest growing segments in the tourism industry, and more and more people seek to have an active holiday. In the same time OCR (obstacle course race) is one of the fastest growing sports in the world. To sustain and develop this new phenomenon it is important to know why people are traveling to participate and what factors which are important to different groups.

    This thesis aim is to study the underlying motives underpinning for travel and participation in OCR races, and also link this to the destination where the OCR race takes place. More specifically, the study investigates if there are any differences in motives for traveling to participate in OCR amongst highly involved people and people with low involvement in OCR. The study is based on a questionnaire survey that have been distributed to people that are, more or less, involved in OCR. The study has been conducted by statistically analyzing data from the survey. The result showed that there are inner motives, such as challenge oneself, to feel connected to others and to create memories, rather than outer factors on the destination that drives people to travel to participate in OCR races. In terms of differences between the groups (hi and low involved people in OCR) it was social factors and identification that differ the most, where highly involved people appear to value fellowship, enjoyment and participation because of lifestyle to a greater degree than low involved people.  

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  • 34.
    Blaauboer, Marjolein
    et al.
    Universiteit van Amsterdam, Planning and International Development Studies, Department of Geography.
    Strömgren, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Stjernström, Olof
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Life course preferences, sibling ties and the geographical dispersion of sibling networks2013In: Population, Space and Place, ISSN 1544-8444, E-ISSN 1544-8452, Vol. 19, no 5, p. 594-609Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using Swedish register data, we analyse how life course preferences and sibling ties are related to the geographical dispersion of siblings. We argue that life course preferences and siblings ties are influenced by siblings' socio-demographic characteristics, by similarities and differences between them, and by their family background. The measurement of geographical dispersion, the nearest neighbour index, allows us to go beyond dyadic relationships and investigate entire networks. Results from the OLS regression analysis show that life course preferences are related to the dispersion of siblings, and that differences between siblings are associated with a greater geographical dispersion than similarities are. Sibling ties developed during childhood also seem to be associated with the dispersion of sibling networks.

  • 35.
    Boberg, William
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Konsekvenser av det tillgängliga friluftslivet2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The increased accessibility of Storulvån has led to a conflict between outdoor recreation and the sami village of Handölsdalen. The month of may is the time of the year when reindeers are born and if the female gets scared or disturbed she may leave the newborn. The sami village of Handölsdalen has applied to Länsstyrelsen to close Storulvåvägen during this time. However, Trafikverket has appealed to Transportstyrelsen that the road should be open for public use, which is still the case. The purpose of this study is to take a deeper look into this conflict to see who are involved and what the different opionions are concerning Storulvåvägen.

     

    The method of collecting data has been thru interviews with the sami village and Svenska Turistföreningen. Documents from Länsstyrelsen Jämtlands län, Trafikverket and Transportstyrelsen has been analyzed to see what the different views of the problem and conflict are.

     

    The result show different oppinions regarding reindeer herding and outdoor recreation.

     

    Keywords: outdoor recreation, reindeer herding, conflict, accessibility, sami.

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  • 36.
    Boman, Mattias
    et al.
    SLU.
    Fredman, Peter
    MIUN.
    Lundmark, Linda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Ericsson, Göran
    SLU.
    Outdoor recreation – A necessity or a luxury?: Estimation of Engel curves for Sweden2013In: Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, ISSN 2213-0780, Vol. 3-4, p. 49-56Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Income constitutes one important constraint for the degree of participation in outdoor recreation. The effect of this constraint can be measured by the income elasticity of outdoor recreation demand, which is of policy interest when the distribution of recreation opportunities across socio economic groups is a concern. This study investigated income elasticity of expenditures for three types of outdoor recreation in Sweden, at the individual level: outdoor recreation as an aggregated composite good, outdoor recreation close to home (less than 100km away from the permanent residence), and hunting. The findings indicated that outdoor recreation as a composite is a luxury good with elasticity in excess of unity (i.e. a relative increase in income will lead to a greater relative increase in demand). The elasticities of the specific activities were found to be lower. Outdoor recreation close to home was characterized as a necessity with elasticity less than unity (i.e. a relative increase in income will lead to a smaller relative increase in demand). The results further suggested that an increase in income could lead to either a decrease or an increase in the demand for hunting, indicating that hunting might be an inferior good or possibly a necessity.

  • 37.
    Boschma, Ron
    et al.
    CIRCLE, Lund University / Utrecht University.
    Eriksson, Rikard
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Lindgren, Urban
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Labour market externalities and regional growth in Sweden: the importance of labour mobility between skill-related industries2014In: Regional studies, ISSN 0034-3404, E-ISSN 1360-0591, Vol. 48, no 10, p. 1669-1690Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates the relationship between labour market externalities and regional growth based on real labour flows. In particular, we test for the importance of labour mobility across so-called skill-related industries. We make use of a sophisticated indicator that measures the degree of skill-relatedness between all industries, and we employ actual labour flows between 435 4-digit industries within 72 Swedish functional labour market regions to estimate how labour market externalities are related to regional growth in the period 1998-2002. Both our fixed effect models and GMM-estimates demonstrate that a strong intensity of intra-regional labour flows between skill-related industries impacts positively on regional productivity growth, but less so on regional employment growth. Labour mobility between unrelated industries tends to dampen regional unemployment growth while a high degree of intra-industry labour flows is only found to be associated with rising regional unemployment.

  • 38.
    Brandt, Amanda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Nyanländas Arbetsmarknad: En tematisk analys om nyanlända som en arbetskraft för hotell i Umeå2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    During the last decade, Sweden has experienced an increase in number of immigrants. In the north of Sweden, Umeå is one of the municipalities with most constant increases. Their working situation is often related to businesses with lower thresholds and the hotel industry is one of these branches. The hotel market is at the same time rising which makes it of interest to describe the hotel industries attitude towards immigrants as working labor.

     

    The aim of this study is to see how immigrants are treated by a service-based labor market in Sweden. This will be examined through semi- structured interviews with support from previous studies and theories. The respondents will be recruitment staffs from hotels in Umeå municipality and the interviews will focus on their point of view.

     

    The results indicate what an immigrant is facing in the Swedish labor market and has been divided into four themes: part time workers labor market, treatment at the working place, cooperation and competence. The study also compares Sweden with England, as previous studies have shown that England has a large number of immigrants working in hotel business.

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  • 39.
    Brouder, Patrick
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Eriksson, Rikard
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Staying Power: What Influences Micro-Firm Survival in Tourism?2013In: Tourism Geographies, ISSN 1461-6688, E-ISSN 1470-1340, Vol. 15, no 1, p. 125-144Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper is to investigate how previous experience and location of entrepreneurs influence the survival of new tourism firms. The paper departs from recent evolutionary economic geography advancements, highlighting the importance of routines and skills as well as location-specific knowledge for firm success. While having been well-researched for manufacturing industries characterized by high entry barriers, little knowledge is currently available on the factors influencing survival rates in service sectors with low entry barriers. A quantitative approach applies hazard models to investigate the survival rates over a seven-year period of a total of 133 new micro-tourism firms started between 1999 and 2001 in the four northernmost counties of Sweden. The geo-referenced micro-database ASTRID links information on firm features (e.g. firm births and deaths, spatial coordinates and industry codes) to characteristics of entrepreneurs (e.g. age, education, previous experience). The main finding is that entrepreneurs with previous work experience in related sectors are more likely to survive and, in this case, entrepreneurs without local experience tend to be less successful. We find no evidence that new firms operating in regions specialized in tourism have a survival advantage. Our analysis also indicates that surviving firms improve performance over time. The paper thus contributes new knowledge on the determinants of micro-firm survival in tourism.

  • 40.
    Brouder, Patrick
    et al.
    Mid-Sweden University.
    Eriksson, Rikard
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Tourism Evolution: On the Synergies of Tourism Studies and Evolutionary Economic Geography2013In: Annals of Tourism Research, ISSN 0160-7383, E-ISSN 1873-7722, Vol. 43, p. 370-389Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Evolutionary Economic Geography (EEG) is receiving increasing interest from tourism scholars. EEG has proven to be a useful explanatory paradigm in other sectors, e.g., high-technology and creative sectors. There remains, however, a lack of theoretical discussion on evolutionary principles of economic change within relatively low-technology service sectors, of which tourism is a prime example. This paper introduces EEG to a wider tourism audience by presenting the core principles of EEG and how they relate to tourism studies. A selection of new research paths combining EEG and tourism studies is highlighted together with a number of latent research synergies which can progress both EEG and tourism studies. The paper calls for further empirical and conceptual engagement with EEG by tourism scholars.

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  • 41.
    Brouder, Patrick
    et al.
    University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Karlsson, Svante
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Lundmark, Linda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Hyper-production: a new metric of multifinctionality2015In: European Countryside, E-ISSN 1803-8417, Vol. 7, no 3, p. 134-143Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Multifunctionality has emerged as the dominant framework for understanding rural socioeconomic landscapes. The central claim of multifunctionality – that rural regions need to be understood as being made up of more than just traditional uses – has led to the incorporation of new rural activities into regional development plans, e.g., tourism. In some places, such post-productive activity is perceived to be slowly replacing productive uses of the land, e.g., agriculture/forestry. However, there is limited empirical evidence to support such claims. Drawing on previous research and data from the Swedish countryside this paper shows that, even as the number of persons employed within traditional activities decreases, the economic output per areal unit and per labour hour is increasing over time and traditional uses still occupy the majority of rural space. Hyper-production is introduced as a new metric for understanding multifunctional regions going forward. The complementary union of economic mainstays, such as agriculture, and newer activities with more quality-of-life benefits, such as tourism, is highlighted in terms of economic diversification, job creation and local social capital development, while the conflict-prone intersection of these two modes is also acknowledged. Understanding hyper-production as a key metric of multifunctionality is thus argued as integral to planning and developing resilient rural regions now and for the future. 

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  • 42.
    Burlin, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Förtätning som strategi för hållbar stadsutveckling: En diskursanalys av förtätning i Umeå kommun2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    ABSTRACT

    The urban planning paradigm of today consists of one particularly prominent concept; Sustainable development. The concept takes a holistic approach on how we can act, build and arrange the world around us, to avoid ruin the conditions for future generations to do the same. This is a matter of long-term resource management and democracy. The question around the discourse of sustainable urban development is not if, but how. Urban densification is one approach, which has gained a strong foothold in the planning of Umeå municipality this past decade.

    This paper aims to explore and uncover the discourse around densification as a strategy for urban sustainable development, in Umeå. The content in and the relations of two key detailed comprehensive plans (fördjupad översiktsplan) to the consultation report (samrådsgedogörelse) and the written words in media on the subject densification, has been analyzed. The study was conducted through a critical discourse analysis of this material and linked to urban planning practices and theories.

    The findings in this study suggest that sustainable development in Umeå aims to enable demographic and economic growth, based on the underlying assumptions and rhetoric’s in the material. The concept of sustainable development is difficult to define, generally and in the case of Umeå. The identity and shaping of the discourse around densification is dependent on the persons and the interests involved.

    Keywords: Urban planning, Infill, Urban densification, Sustainable urban planning, Discourse, Umeå

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  • 43. Bylin, Frida
    et al.
    Nordlund, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM).
    Westin, Kerstin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography, Transportation Research Unit (TRUM).
    Trafikstarten på Botniabanan: En studie om tjuvstartsresenärernas upplevelser2011Report (Other academic)
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  • 44.
    Byman, Elin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Hotellsektorn och det digitala fotavtrycket: - En studie av TripAdvisor och dess påverkan på Ålands hotellmarknad2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Internet has grown to become one of the most influential tools affecting the tourism industry. This study seeks to explore a smaller piece of a widely recognized phenomenon, breaking off to study the impacts of online reviews on TripAdvisor and electronic word-of-mouth in the hotel sector. The study further attempts to identify problems and advantages with the increased use of consumer generated media-sites. One of the main motivations for this study is also the lack of profound studies examining hotel responses to online reviews and destination impacts. The scope of this study is limited to examine three hotels and their respective reviews, on the Aland Islands. Thus this study does not necessarily seek to generalize results in other instances.

    The identified problem in this thesis is that hotel operators experience difficulties in managing what is being written about them as the perception of time and space changes, owing to the Internet. In making progress to this problem, the study was conducted through semi-structured interviews and a thematic analysis, to understand the specifics of the context. Furthermore, this methodology was used to understand the perspectives of the informants. The results indicate that online reviews on TripAdvisor follow specific themes and are considered an important source of information for hotel operators. However, there seems to be some limitations in management, due to lack of opportunities and strategic plans of actions in the hotel sector. There is, however, a collective understanding and willingness amongst hotels to further immerse themselves in the work of managing reviews.

  • 45.
    Byström, Joakim
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography. Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University.
    Müller, Dieter K.
    Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Tourism labor market impacts of national parks: the case of Swedish Lapland2014In: Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie, ISSN 0044-3751, Vol. 58, no 2-3, p. 115-126Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a Nordic context, economic impacts of tourism in national parks remained largely unknowndue to lacking implementation of standardized comparative measurements. For this reason,we want to investigate the economic impacts of national parks in a peripheral Scandinavian contextby analyzing employment in tourism. Theoretically, the paper addresses the idea of nature protectionas a tool for regional development. The scientific literature suggests that nature can be considered acommodity that can be used for the production of tourism experiences in peripheries. In this contextnature protection is applied as a label for signifying attractive places for tourists leading to increasedtourist numbers and employment. This argument follows mainly North American experiences pointingat a positive impact of protected areas on regional development. Meanwhile European studies aremore skeptical regarding desired economic benefits. A major challenge is the assessment of tourism’seconomic impacts. This paper suggests an approach that reveals the impacts on the labor market.This is particularly applicable since data is readily available and, moreover from a public perspective,employment and tax incomes are of uppermost importance in order to sustain population figures andlocal demand for public services. At the same time accessibility and low visitor numbers form majorchallenges for tourism stakeholders and complicate the assessment of economic impacts throughquestionnaires and interviews. The paper shows that the assumption that nature protection promotespositive economic development through tourism is not applicable in a northern Swedish context.Hence, it rejects the often suggested positive relationship between nature protection and tourism labormarket development.

  • 46.
    Carlsén, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Konkurrens eller samarbete mellan kommuner - hur ser relationen ut inom turismnäringen?: Med perspektiv på större kommuner i Norrland2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is the result of a study of competition and cooperation in regard to tourism between the five largest municipalities in Norrland in northern Sweden. The municipalities are Luleå, Skellefteå, Umeå, Sundsvall and Gävle. The aim was to study the relation between competition and cooperation between these municipalities. An important theoretical aspect in this study is coopetition, where competition and cooperation occur at the same time. The studies on coopetition in the Nordic kontext is limited and the main literature on coopetition study the relationship between firms. This study however takes a geographical standpoint and aims to fill the gap in the literature on how competition and cooperation are connected to each other between chosen municipalities. To do this the tourism strategies of the municipalities were studied thoroughly. These written strategies provided information about how the municipalities view their competitive advantages and disadvantages and some general information about how they cooperate with the nearest regions. To find out how the municipalities think about competition and cooperation with the other four specific municipalities interviews were made with experts on the tourism field in each municipality. The results show that the municipalities do not have established strategies for how they are to be competitive compared with other specific municipalities. They do not see it as profitable to compete, instead they should complement each other. At the same time however, most of the municipalities mostly cooperate with municipalities in a short distance from them, and due to lack of resources only briefly or not at all with the municipalities studied here.

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    Maria Carlsén
  • 47.
    Carson, Doris A.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Carson, Dean B.
    Charles Darwin University, Australia.
    Path Dependence in Remote Area Tourism Development: Why institutional legacies matter2017In: Tourism Destination Evolution / [ed] Patrick Brouder, Salvador Anton Clavé, Allison Gill, Dimitri Ioannides, Milton Park: Routledge, 2017, p. 103-122Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 48.
    Carson, Doris Anna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History. Centre for Regional Engagement, University of South Australia, Whyalla, Australia.
    Carson, Dean Bradley
    The Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia ; Flinders University Rural Clinical School, Flinders University, Burra, Australia.
    Lundmark, Linda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Tourism and mobilities in sparsely populated areas: towards a framework and research agenda2014In: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, ISSN 1502-2250, E-ISSN 1502-2269, Vol. 14, no 4, p. 353-366Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 49.
    Caspary, Emma
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    En bild säger mer än tusen ord: En bildanalys av Visit Umeås Instagramkonto ur ett genus- och destinationsperspektiv.2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    It is important for a destination to be aware of the image that they communicate towards a potential visitor. The way marketing is conducted has been transformed during the last decade through the digital evolution. This study aims to review and analyze the image of the Swedish city Umeå through a combination of visual semiotic analysis and content analysis. The results show that the image that is being projected is not equal to the real destination. It is very well represented as far as equality in relation to gender but not as much when it comes to physical disabilities and skin color. Although it is apparent that they are aware of the gender equality there are still signs of women as more nurturing and men as sportier. For future research it would be interesting to compare the portrayal among different destinations.

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  • 50.
    Chabala, Mwila
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Privatization of State Owned Enterprises: An Analysis of Impact on Regional Migration Patterns in Zambia Between 1990-20002014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Throughout history, migration has been an ongoing phenomenon driven by various factors ranging from social, political, economic and environmental situations. Zambia is not immune to migration and has seen a considerable share of its population engage in both internal and external migratory activities. Recognising the important role that migration plays in any economy and how it is influenced by circumstances prevailing at different points in time, this thesis seeks to analyse migration flows between Zambia's regions and the impact that privatisation of state owned enterprises had on migration patterns between 1990 and 2000. Because of challenges in gathering statistics to conduct a thorough quantitative analysis, the study employs a descriptive methodology using statistics collected from the Central Statistics Office online data catalogue and institutions such as the World Bank. The statistics are organised, calculated and analysed using Microsoft Excel and GIS Arcmap. The results indicate that soon after privatisation began in 1991, there was a sharp reduction in employment figures and a reduction in the proportion of urban population. The proportion of rural destined migrants was 2.3 times higher than that of urban destined migrants during the period of privatisation, an indication that people were leaving urban areas for rural areas. Return migration also rose, however, the country experienced both urbanisation and counter urbanisation during the period 1990-2000. Findings of this study show similarities to Beauchemin & Schoumaker's (2006) findings in Burkina Faso were changes in migration patterns were observed after the economy underwent structural change in the 1980's.

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