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  • 1.
    Abassi, Marwa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Effektivitet av kognitiv beteendeterapi vid Irritable bowel syndrome2019Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 2.
    Abdollahi, Nyayesh
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Modifierad constraint-induced movement therapy förbättrar livskvalitet hos unga stroke-patienter2015Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 3.
    Abdulbasid Samad, Delan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Farmaceut-patientkommunikation på öppenvårdsapotek i Kurdistan: En observationsstudie som undersöker i vilken omfattning apotekspersonalen informerar om läkemedelsanvändningen och dess verkan.2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Introduktion: Apotekens riktlinjer har utvecklats från att ha begränsat farmaceuter ideras utdelning av medicin till att ge råd eller erbjuda rådgivning om patientens medicinering. Det är viktigt att farmaceuter ger rådgivning kring patienters medicinering då det ger effektivt behandlingsresultat, ökad följsamhet och minskar konfusion och osäkerhet hos patienten. Studier har visat att den farmaceutiska rådgivningen varierar mycket på apotek. En svensk studie har visat att samtalet mellan farmaceut och patient fokuserar mer på ekonomi och regelverk än att ge farmaceutiskrådgivning. Det har tidigare inte gjorts studier på hur kommunikation samt den farmaceutiska rådgivningen fungerar i mellanöstern.

    Syfte: Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka kommunikationen mellan farmaceut och patient på öppenvårdsapotek i Kurdistan, Irak. Kommunikationen kommer att undersökas utifrån hur lång tid patientmötena tar och innehåll. Det som studeras är i vilken utsträckning apotekspersonalen konsulterar patienter samt den information som tillhandahålls till patienterna ur ett farmaceutiskt perspektiv.

    Metod: En kvantitativ och icke- deltagande observationsstudie där patientmöten observerades utifrån innehåll och tidsmätning av mötet. Observatören bockade avämnen som tas upp under mötet utefter en empirisk fastställd observationsmall.

    Resultat: 4 apotek deltog i studien och det gjordes sammanlagt 90 observationer varav 85 stycken inkluderades i studien. Apotekmiljön har en negativ påverkan på patientmötena, exempelvis att det saknas ett avskilt ställe för ett privatsamtal medpatienter, bullret i omgivningen och dålig organiserad läkemedel. Den stora delen av den medicinska konsulteringen är information om administrering, lite om läkemedelsverkan och nästan inget om biverkningar. Det icke-medicinska innehållet var frågor om pris och tillgänglighet av läkemedel.

    Diskussion: Det finns säkert många anledningar för varför kommunikationen inte är fokuserad på konsultering till patienter. En orsak kan vara otillräcklig kunskap bland informatörerna som konsultering kring biverkningar och läkemedels verkan exkluderas i kommunikationen. En annan förklaring kan vara att rådgivningen tar mer tid och at tapoteksägare upplever rådgivning som en dyr tjänst och av den anledningen inteprioriterar sin uppmärksamhet på läkemedelsrådgivning. Försäljningen som uppenbarligen inte ligger i att ge läkemedelsrådgivning till patienterna.

    Slutsats: Den här observationsstudien visade att mycket lite tid (medeltid 125,5 smin7 s/max 427 s) tillägnas till rådgivning kring patientens medicinering. Läkemedel är en stor behandlingsmetod inom hälso- och sjukvården av den orsaken borde farmaceutisk rådgivning vara tillgänglig för personer som besöker apotek. Resultatet avden här studien visar att dagens patientmöten på öppenvårdapotek i Kurdistan inte fokuserar på konsultering kring läkemedel. Eventuellt kommer patienten inte få ett nyttigt behandlingsresultat.

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  • 4.
    Abed, Ala
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Polyfarmaci och fall hos äldre2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 5.
    Abed, Kawsar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Intressenter på apoteksmarknaden: En analys av vilka aktörer som intresserar sig i apoteksbranschen och vilka åsikter de har2019Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 6.
    Abed, Shahla
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Is adiponectin secreted via caveolae?: The importance of caveolae for stimulated adiponectin secretion in obesity2018Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 7. Abel, Olubunmi
    et al.
    Powell, John F.
    Andersen, Peter M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Al-Chalabi, Ammar
    ALSoD: A user-friendly online bioinformatics tool for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics2012In: Human Mutation, ISSN 1059-7794, E-ISSN 1098-1004, Vol. 33, no 9, p. 1345-1351Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the commonest adult onset motor neuron disease, with a peak age of onset in the seventh decade. With advances in genetic technology, there is an enormous increase in the volume of genetic data produced, and a corresponding need for storage, analysis, and interpretation, particularly as our understanding of the relationships between genotype and phenotype mature. Here, we present a system to enable this in the form of the ALS Online Database (ALSoD at http://alsod.iop.kcl.ac.uk), a freely available database that has been transformed from a single gene storage facility recording mutations in the SOD1 gene to a multigene ALS bioinformatics repository and analytical instrument combining genotype, phenotype, and geographical information with associated analysis tools. These include a comparison tool to evaluate genes side by side or jointly with user configurable features, a pathogenicity prediction tool using a combination of computational approaches to distinguish variants with nonfunctional characteristics from disease-associated mutations with more dangerous consequences, and a credibility tool to enable ALS researchers to objectively assess the evidence for gene causation in ALS. Furthermore, integration of external tools, systems for feedback, annotation by users, and two-way links to collaborators hosting complementary databases further enhance the functionality of ALSoD. Hum Mutat 33:1345-1351, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  • 8. Abel, Olubunmi
    et al.
    Powell, John F
    Andersen, Peter M
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Al-Chalabi, Ammar
    Credibility analysis of putative disease-causing genes using bioinformatics2013In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 6, p. e64899-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Genetic studies are challenging in many complex diseases, particularly those with limited diagnostic certainty, low prevalence or of old age. The result is that genes may be reported as disease-causing with varying levels of evidence, and in some cases, the data may be so limited as to be indistinguishable from chance findings. When there are large numbers of such genes, an objective method for ranking the evidence is useful. Using the neurodegenerative and complex disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as a model, and the disease-specific database ALSoD, the objective is to develop a method using publicly available data to generate a credibility score for putative disease-causing genes.

    Methods: Genes with at least one publication suggesting involvement in adult onset familial ALS were collated following an exhaustive literature search. SQL was used to generate a score by extracting information from the publications and combined with a pathogenicity analysis using bioinformatics tools. The resulting score allowed us to rank genes in order of credibility. To validate the method, we compared the objective ranking with a rank generated by ALS genetics experts. Spearman's Rho was used to compare rankings generated by the different methods.

    Results: The automated method ranked ALS genes in the following order: SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, ANG, SPG11, NEFH, OPTN, ALS2, SETX, FIG4, VAPB, DCTN1, TAF15, VCP, DAO. This compared very well to the ranking of ALS genetics experts, with Spearman's Rho of 0.69 (P = 0.009).

    Conclusion: We have presented an automated method for scoring the level of evidence for a gene being disease-causing. In developing the method we have used the model disease ALS, but it could equally be applied to any disease in which there is genotypic uncertainty.

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  • 9. Abel, Olubunmi
    et al.
    Shatunov, Aleksey
    Jones, Ashley R.
    Andersen, Peter M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology.
    Powell, John F.
    Al-Chalabi, Ammar
    Development of a Smartphone App for a Genetics Website: The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Online Genetics Database (ALSoD)2013In: JMIR mhealth and uhealth, E-ISSN 2291-5222, Vol. 1, no 2, article id e18Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The ALS Online Genetics Database (ALSoD) website holds mutation, geographical, and phenotype data on genes implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and links to bioinformatics resources, publications, and tools for analysis. On average, there are 300 unique visits per day, suggesting a high demand from the research community. To enable wider access, we developed a mobile-friendly version of the website and a smartphone app. Objective: We sought to compare data traffic before and after implementation of a mobile version of the website to assess utility. Methods: We identified the most frequently viewed pages using Google Analytics and our in-house analytic monitoring. For these, we optimized the content layout of the screen, reduced image sizes, and summarized available information. We used the Microsoft. NET framework mobile detection property (HttpRequest. IsMobileDevice in the Request. Browser object in conjunction with HttpRequest. UserAgent), which returns a true value if the browser is a recognized mobile device. For app development, we used the Eclipse integrated development environment with Android plug-ins. We wrapped the mobile website version with the WebView object in Android. Simulators were downloaded to test and debug the applications. Results: The website automatically detects access from a mobile phone and redirects pages to fit the smaller screen. Because the amount of data stored on ALSoD is very large, the available information for display using smartphone access is deliberately restricted to improve usability. Visits to the website increased from 2231 to 2820, yielding a 26% increase from the pre-mobile to post-mobile period and an increase from 103 to 340 visits (230%) using mobile devices (including tablets). The smartphone app is currently available on BlackBerry and Android devices and will be available shortly on iOS as well. Conclusions: Further development of the ALSoD website has allowed access through smartphones and tablets, either through the website or directly through a mobile app, making genetic data stored on the database readily accessible to researchers and patients across multiple devices.

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  • 10. Abosch, Aviva
    et al.
    Timmermann, Lars
    Bartley, Sylvia
    Rietkerk, Hans Guido
    Whiting, Donald
    Connolly, Patrick J.
    Lanctin, David
    Hariz, Marwan I.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    An International Survey of Deep Brain Stimulation Procedural Steps2013In: Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, ISSN 1011-6125, E-ISSN 1423-0372, Vol. 91, no 1, p. 1-11Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is standard of care for the treatment of certain movement disorders.

    Objective: We sought to characterize the spectrum of steps performed in DBS surgery, at centers around the world where this surgery is performed.

    Methods: We identified the main steps in DBS surgery workflow and grouped these 19 steps into 3 phases (preoperative, operative, and postoperative). A survey tool, informed by a pilot survey, was administered internationally by trained study personnel at high- and low-volume DBS centers. Procedural components, duration, and surgeon motivational factors were assessed. Cluster analysis was used to identify procedural and behavioral clusters.

    Results: One hundred eighty-five procedure workflow surveys (143 DBS centers) and 65 online surveys of surgeon motivational drivers were completed (45% response rate). Significant heterogeneity in technique, operative time, and surgeon motivational drivers was reported across centers.

    Conclusions: We provide a description of the procedural steps involved in DBS surgery and the duration of these steps, based on an international survey. These data will enable individual surgeons and centers to examine their own experience relative to colleagues at other centers and in other countries. Such information could also be useful in comparing efficiencies and identifying workflow obstacles between different hospital environments.

  • 11.
    Abramsson, Linnea
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Följsamhet till behandling med bisfosfonater: En intervjustudie på ortopedavdelningen vid Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Följsamhet till behandling med bisfosfonater: En intervjustudie på ortopedavdelningen vid Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå
  • 12.
    Abramsson, Linnea
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    PREVALENCE OF DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS STOPP/START in elderly people with dementia2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 13.
    Abramsson, Linnea
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Gustafsson, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Adherence to Bisphosphonates among People Admitted to an Orthopaedic and Geriatric Ward at a University Hospital in Sweden2018In: Pharmacy, E-ISSN 2226-4787, Vol. 6, no 1, article id 20Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Oral bisphosphonates are the first choice of therapy to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures. These medications have generally poor oral bioavailability, which may further be reduced by concomitant intake of certain foods and drugs; therefore, it is vital to follow specific instructions. The aim with this study was to assess general adherence to oral bisphosphonates and adherence to specific administration instructions among people admitted to two wards at Umeå University hospital in Sweden. This interview study focuses on elderly patients living at home and prescribed oral bisphosphonates. Invited were 27 patients admitted to an orthopaedic ward and a geriatric ward during the period 28 March 2017 and 5 December 2017. In total, 21 patients were interviewed regarding their adherence to oral bisphosphonates. Out of 21 patients, 13 (62%) were considered non-adherent. The most common reason was calcium intake less than 2 h after oral administration of bisphosphonate (54%). The number of regularly prescribed drugs was significantly higher among patients rated non-adherent to bisphosphonates compared to those rated adherent (p = 0.004). Adherence to bisphosphonates administration instruction among elderly people living at home was limited. More research is needed to confirm these results and to investigate the reasons for non-adherence and how adherence to bisphosphonates can be improved.

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  • 14.
    Abramsson, Linnea
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Gustafsson, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Prevalence of drug-related problems using STOPP/START and medication reviews in elderly patients with dementia2020In: Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, ISSN 1551-7411, E-ISSN 1934-8150, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 308-314Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common among elderly patients with dementia. STOPP/START is an explicit tool that has been used to detect DRPs among elderly patients.

    Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare prevalence and type of DRPs identified by STOPP/START with DRPs identified by clinical pharmacists among the same population. Secondary objectives were to investigate factors associated with the use of DRPs using the two methods.

    Method: Extracts from medical records were used to identify DRPs in 212 patients by using STOPP/START. The patients were ≥65 years of age with dementia or cognitive impairment. An earlier study was performed in the same study population in 2012–2014, where DRPs were identified by clinical pharmacists in order to decrease the number of rehospitalizations.

    Results: STOPP/START identified DRPs in 72.2% of the patients compared with 66.0% identified by the clinical pharmacists. The numbers of DRPs identified by the different methods were 326 and 310, respectively. Different types of DRPs were identified with the different tools. STOPP/START mainly identified DRPs in the categories “ineffective/inappropriate drug” and “needs additional drug therapy”, whereas the clinical pharmacists identified DRPs in several categories.

    Conclusion: Even though STOPP/START was able to identify a similar number of DRPs compared with DRPs identified by clinical pharmacists, STOPP/START failed to identify DRPs in several important categories. To cover all DRPs, STOPP/START might be used as a complement to implicit criteria.

  • 15.
    Abutaleb, Hind
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Biverkningar avsolskyddsprodukter: Retrospektiv analys av allvarliga biverkningarinrapporterade till Läkemedelsverket underperioden 2013–20172019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 16.
    Aden, Hassan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Apotekssystem i Kanada och Storbritannienrelaterat till Sveriges utveckling i enomreglerad apoteksmarknad2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 17.
    af Bjerkén, Sara
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Stenmark Persson, Rasmus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Barkander, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Karalija, Nina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI).
    Pelegrina-Hidalgo, Noelia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Gerhardt, Greg A
    Virel, Ana
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Strömberg, Ingrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Noradrenaline is crucial for the substantia nigra dopaminergic cell maintenance2019In: Neurochemistry International, ISSN 0197-0186, E-ISSN 1872-9754, Vol. 131, article id 104551Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In Parkinson's disease, degeneration of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons is accompanied by damage on other neuronal systems. A severe denervation is for example seen in the locus coerulean noradrenergic system. Little is known about the relation between noradrenergic and dopaminergic degeneration, and the effects of noradrenergic denervation on the function of the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra are not fully understood. In this study, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP4) was injected in rats, whereafter behavior, striatal KCl-evoked dopamine and glutamate releases, and immunohistochemistry were monitored at 3 days, 3 months, and 6 months. Quantification of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve fiber density in the cortex revealed a tendency towards nerve fiber regeneration at 6 months. To sustain a stable noradrenergic denervation throughout the experimental timeline, the animals in the 6-month time point received an additional DSP4 injection (2 months after the first injection). Behavioral examinations utilizing rotarod revealed that DSP4 reduced the time spent on the rotarod at 3 but not at 6 months. KCl-evoked dopamine release was significantly increased at 3 days and 3 months, while the concentrations were normalized at 6 months. DSP4 treatment prolonged both time for onset and reuptake of dopamine release over time. The dopamine degeneration was confirmed by unbiased stereology, demonstrating significant loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra. Furthermore, striatal glutamate release was decreased after DSP4. In regards of neuroinflammation, reactive microglia were found over the substantia nigra after DSP4 treatment. In conclusion, long-term noradrenergic denervation reduces the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and affects the functionality of the nigrostriatal system. Thus, locus coeruleus is important for maintenance of nigral dopaminergic neurons.

  • 18. Agren, Richard
    et al.
    Bartek, Jiri, Jr.
    Johansson, Anders
    Blomstedt, Patric
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Fytagoridis, Anders
    Pulse Width and Implantable Pulse Generator Longevity in Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation for Dystonia: A Population-Based Comparative Effectiveness Study2020In: Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, ISSN 1011-6125, E-ISSN 1423-0372, Vol. 98, no 5, p. 331-336Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: A wide range of pulse widths (PWs) has been used in globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for dystonia. However, no specific PW has demonstrated clinical superiority, and the paradigm may differ among DBS centers.

    Objective: To investigate how different paradigms of PWs in GPi DBS for dystonia affect implantable pulse generator (IPG) longevities and energy consumption.

    Methods: Thirty-nine patients with dystonia treated with bilateral GPi DBS at 2 Swedish DBS centers from 2005 to 2015 were included. Different PW paradigms were used at the 2 centers, 60–90 µs (short PWs) and 450 µs (long PW), respectively. The frequency of IPG replacements, pulse effective voltage (PEV), IPG model, pre-/postoperative imaging, and clinical outcome based on the clinical global impression (CGI) scale were collected from the medical charts and compared between the 2 groups.

    Results: The average IPG longevity was extended for the short PWs (1,129 ± 50 days) compared to the long PW (925 ± 32 days; χ2 = 12.31, p = 0.0005, log-rank test). IPG longevity correlated inversely with PEV (Pearson’s r = –0.667, p < 0.0001). IPG longevities did not differ between Kinetra® and Activa® PC in the short (p = 0.319) or long PW group (p = 0.858). Electrode distances to the central sensorimotor region of the GPi did not differ between the short or long PW groups (p = 0.595). Pre- and postoperative CGI did not differ between groups.

    Conclusions: Short PWs were associated with decreased energy consumption and increased IPG longevity. These effects were not dependent on the IPG model or the anatomic location of the electrodes. PWs did not correlate with symptom severities or clinical outcomes. The results suggest that the use of short PWs might be more energy efficient and could therefore be preferred initially when programming patients with GPi DBS for dystonia.

  • 19.
    Ahlberg, Carolina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Event related cortical desynchronization during motor imagery in spinal cord injury patients Can electroencephalographically-recorded mu waves command a wheelchair?2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 20.
    Ahlm, Clas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases.
    Lindén, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Linderholm, M
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases.
    Alexeyev, O A
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Billheden, J
    Elgh, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Fagerlund, M
    Zetterlund, B
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology.
    Settergren, B
    Central nervous system and ophthalmic involvement in nephropathia epidemica (European type of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome)1998In: Journal of Infection, ISSN 0163-4453, E-ISSN 1532-2742, Vol. 36, no 2, p. 149-155Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Central nervous system (CNS) - related symptoms occur in haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). To study the CNS and ophthalmic involvement in nephropathia epidemica (NE), the European type of HFRS, we included 26 patients in a prospective study. Most common CNS-related symptoms were headache (96%), insomnia (83%), vertigo (79%), nausea (79%), and vomiting (71%). Ophthalmic symptoms were reported by 82% of patients; 41% had photophobia and 50% had impaired vision. A transient loss of vision was recorded in one patient, who also had a generalized seizure. Minor white matter lesions were found in about half of the patients investigated with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Electroencephalography (EEG) showed severe alterations in only one patient, and slight and reversible patterns in another two patients. Neopterin, interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were elevated, which may indicate immune activation. However, we found no evidence of intrathecal NE virus replication. We conclude that CNS-related symptoms are common in NE, and transient ophthalmic involvement can be demonstrated in about half of the patients.

  • 21.
    Ahlm, Clas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases.
    Olsen, Björn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases.
    Koskinen, Lars Ove
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Neurosurgery.
    Monsen, Tor
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Bacteriology.
    Brain abscess caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus2000In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0036-5548, E-ISSN 1651-1980, Vol. 32, no 5, p. 562-563Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A Swedish tourist was admitted to a Cuban hospital due to epileptic seizures caused by brain tumors. Upon return to Sweden and admission to our hospital, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated. He was later considered to be free of MRSA but then developed a brain abscess from which MRSA was isolated.

  • 22.
    Ahmadi, Mahboobah
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Anatomy. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Liu, Jing-Xia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Anatomy.
    Brännström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Andersen, Peter M
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology.
    Stål, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Anatomy.
    Pedrosa-Domellöf, Fatima
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Human extraocular muscles in ALS2010In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, ISSN 0146-0404, E-ISSN 1552-5783, Vol. 51, no 7, p. 3494-3501Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE. To investigate the general morphology, fiber type content, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition of extraocular muscles (EOMs) from postmortem donors with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to evaluate whether EOMs are affected or truly spared in this disease. METHODS. EOM and limb muscle samples obtained at autopsy from ALS donors and EOM samples from four control donors were processed for immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against distinct MyHC isoforms and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin staining and nicotinamide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) activity were studied. RESULTS. Wide heterogeneity was observed in the appearance of the different EOMs from each single donor and between donors, irrespective of ALS type or onset. Pathologic morphologic findings in ALS EOMs included presence of atrophic and hypertrophic fibers, either clustered in groups or scattered; increased amounts of connective tissue; and areas of fatty replacement. The population of fibers stained with anti-MyHCslow tonic was smaller than that of MyHCIpositive fibers and was mostly located in the orbital layer in most of the ALS EOM samples, whereas an identical staining pattern for both fiber populations was observed in the control specimens. MyHCembryonic was notably absent from the ALS EOMs. CONCLUSIONS. The EOMs showed signs of involvement with altered fiber type composition, contractile protein content, and cellular architecture. However, when compared to the limb muscles, the EOMs were remarkably preserved. EOMs are a useful model for the study of the pathophysiology of ALS.

  • 23.
    Ahmed Nazad, Zina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    MicroRNAs as biomarkers in some cardiovascular diseases: A bioinformatics and review study2017Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    MicroRNAs as biomarkers in some cardiovascular diseases: A bioinformatics and review study
  • 24.
    Akhatova, Elena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Information och rådgivningvid e-handelpå apotek i Sverige.2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 25.
    Akimoto, Chizuru
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Forsgren, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Linder, Jan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Birve, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Backlund, Irene
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Andersson, Jörgen
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Nilsson, Ann-Charloth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Alstermark, Helena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Andersen, Peter M
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    No GGGGCC-hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 in parkinsonism patients in Sweden2013In: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, ISSN 2167-8421, Vol. 14, no 1, p. 26-29Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An intronic GGGGCC-hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 was recently identified as a major cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Some amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients have signs of parkinsonism, and many parkinsonism patients develop dementia. In this study we examined if the hexanucleotide repeat expansion was present in parkinsonism patients, to clarify if there could be a relationship between the repeat expansion and disease. We studied the size of the hexanucleotide repeat expansion in a well defined population-based cohort of 135 Parkinson's disease patients and 39 patients with atypical parkinsonism and compared with 645 Swedish control subjects. We found no correlation between Parkinson's disease or atypical parkinsonism and the size of the GGGGCC repeat expansion in C9ORF72. In conclusion, this GGGGCC-repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is not a cause of parkinsonism in the Swedish population.

  • 26.
    Akimoto, Chizuru
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Volk, Alexander E.
    van Blitterswijk, Marka
    Van den Broeck, Marleen
    Leblond, Claire S.
    Lumbroso, Serge
    Camu, William
    Neitzel, Birgit
    Onodera, Osamu
    van Rheenen, Wouter
    Pinto, Susana
    Weber, Markus
    Smith, Bradley
    Proven, Melanie
    Talbot, Kevin
    Keagle, Pamela
    Chesi, Alessandra
    Ratti, Antonia
    van der Zee, Julie
    Alstermark, Helena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Birve, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Calini, Daniela
    Nordin, Angelica
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Tradowsky, Daniela C.
    Just, Walter
    Daoud, Hussein
    Angerbauer, Sabrina
    DeJesus-Hernandez, Mariely
    Konno, Takuya
    Lloyd-Jani, Anjali
    de Carvalho, Mamede
    Mouzat, Kevin
    Landers, John E.
    Veldink, Jan H.
    Silani, Vincenzo
    Gitler, Aaron D.
    Shaw, Christopher E.
    Rouleau, Guy A.
    van den Berg, Leonard H.
    Van Broeckhoven, Christine
    Rademakers, Rosa
    Andersen, Peter M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Kubisch, Christian
    A blinded international study on the reliability of genetic testing for GGGGCC-repeat expansions in C9orf72 reveals marked differences in results among 14 laboratories2014In: Journal of Medical Genetics, ISSN 0022-2593, E-ISSN 1468-6244, Vol. 51, no 6, p. 419-424Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background The GGGGCC-repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most frequent mutation found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Most of the studies on C9orf72 have relied on repeat-primed PCR (RP-PCR) methods for detection of the expansions. To investigate the inherent limitations of this technique, we compared methods and results of 14 laboratories. Methods The 14 laboratories genotyped DNA from 78 individuals (diagnosed with ALS or FTD) in a blinded fashion. Eleven laboratories used a combination of amplicon-length analysis and RP-PCR, whereas three laboratories used RP-PCR alone; Southern blotting techniques were used as a reference. Results Using PCR-based techniques, 5 of the 14 laboratories got results in full accordance with the Southern blotting results. Only 50 of the 78 DNA samples got the same genotype result in all 14 laboratories. There was a high degree of false positive and false negative results, and at least one sample could not be genotyped at all in 9 of the 14 laboratories. The mean sensitivity of a combination of amplicon-length analysis and RP-PCR was 95.0% (73.9-100%), and the mean specificity was 98.0% (87.5-100%). Overall, a sensitivity and specificity of more than 95% was observed in only seven laboratories. Conclusions Because of the wide range seen in genotyping results, we recommend using a combination of amplicon-length analysis and RP-PCR as a minimum in a research setting. We propose that Southern blotting techniques should be the gold standard, and be made obligatory in a clinical diagnostic setting.

  • 27.
    Akpan, Joyce
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    The Prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Drug Prescription among Elderly Patients Registered in Balder Clinic in Åmål, Sweden2017Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    The Prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Drug Prescription among Elderly Patients Registered in Balder Clinic in Åmål, Sweden
  • 28. Akram, Harith
    et al.
    Dayal, Viswas
    Mahlknecht, Philipp
    Georgiev, Dejan
    Hyam, Jonathan
    Foltynie, Thomas
    Limousin, Patricia
    De Vita, Enrico
    Jahanshahi, Marjan
    Ashburner, John
    Behrens, Tim
    Hariz, Marwan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience. Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
    Zrinzo, Ludvic
    Connectivity derived thalamic segmentation in deep brain stimulation for tremor2018In: NeuroImage: Clinical, E-ISSN 2213-1582, Vol. 18, p. 130-142Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus is an established surgical target for stereotactic ablation and deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). It is centrally placed on a cerebello-thalamo-cortical network connecting the primary motor cortex, to the dentate nucleus of the contralateral cerebellum through the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT). The VIM is not readily visible on conventional MR imaging, so identifying the surgical target traditionally involved indirect targeting that relies on atlas-defined coordinates. Unfortunately, this approach does not fully account for individual variability and requires surgery to be performed with the patient awake to allow for intraoperative targeting confirmation. The aim of this study is to identify the VIM and the DRT using probabilistic tractography in patients that will undergo thalamic DBS for tremor. Four male patients with tremor dominant PD and five patients (three female) with ET underwent high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) (128 diffusion directions, 1.5 mm isotropic voxels and b value = 1500) preoperatively. Patients received VIM-DBS using an MR image guided and MR image verified approach with indirect targeting. Postoperatively, using parallel Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) processing, thalamic areas with the highest diffusion connectivity to the primary motor area (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA), primary sensory area (S1) and contralateral dentate nucleus were identified. Additionally, volume of tissue activation (VTA) corresponding to active DBS contacts were modelled. Response to treatment was defined as 40% reduction in the total Fahn-Tolosa-Martin Tremor Rating Score (FTMTRS) with DBS-ON, one year from surgery. Three out of nine patients had a suboptimal, long-term response to treatment. The segmented thalamic areas corresponded well to anatomically known counterparts in the ventrolateral (VL) and ventroposterior (VP) thalamus. The dentate-thalamic area, lay within the M1-thalamic area in a ventral and lateral location. Streamlines corresponding to the DRT connected M1 to the contralateral dentate nucleus via the dentate-thalamic area, clearly crossing the midline in the mesencephalon. Good response was seen when the active contact VTA was in the thalamic area with highest connectivity to the contralateral dentate nucleus. Non-responders had active contact VTAs outside the dentate-thalamic area. We conclude that probabilistic tractography techniques can be used to segment the VL and VP thalamus based on cortical and cerebellar connectivity. The thalamic area, best representing the VIM, is connected to the contralateral dentate cerebellar nucleus. Connectivity based segmentation of the VIM can be achieved in individual patients in a clinically feasible timescale, using HARDI and high performance computing with parallel GPU processing. This same technique can map out the DRT tract with clear mesencephalic crossing.

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  • 29. Akram, Harith
    et al.
    Hariz, Marwan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Zrinzo, Ludvic
    Connectivity derived thalamic segmentation: Separating myth from reality2019In: NeuroImage: Clinical, E-ISSN 2213-1582, Vol. 22, article id 101758Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 30. Akram, Harith
    et al.
    Limousin, Patricia
    Hyam, Jonathan
    Hariz, Marwan I.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience. Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London.
    Zrinzo, Ludvic
    Aim for the Suprasternal Notch: Technical Note to Avoid Bowstringing after Deep Brain Stimulation2015In: Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, ISSN 1011-6125, E-ISSN 1423-0372, Vol. 93, no 4, p. 227-230Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Bowstringing may occur when excessive fibrosis develops around extension cables in the neck after deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Though the occurrence of this phenomenon is rare, we have noted that it tends to cause maximal discomfort when the cables cross superficially over the convexity of the clavicle. We hypothesise that bowstringing may be avoided by directing the extension cables towards the suprasternal notch. Methods: When connecting DBS leads to an infraclavicular pectoral implantable pulse generator (IPG), tunnelling is directed towards the suprasternal I notch, before being directed laterally towards the IPG pocket. In previously operated patients with established fibrosis, the fibrous tunnel is opened and excised as far cranially as possible, allowing medial rerouting of cables. Using this approach, we reviewed our series of patients who underwent DBS surgery over 10 years. Results: In 429 patients, 7 patients (2%) with cables tunnelled over the convexity of the clavicle complaining of bowstringing underwent cable exploration and rerouting. This eliminated bowstringing and provided better cosmetic results. When the cable trajectory was initially directed towards the suprasternal notch, no bowstringing was observed. Conclusion:The tunnelling trajectory appears to influence postoperative incidence of fibrosis associated with DBS cables. Modifying the surgical technique may reduce the incidence of this troublesome adverse event. (C) 2015 S.Karger AG, Basel

  • 31. Akram, Harith
    et al.
    Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N.
    Jbabdi, Saad
    Georgiev, Dejan
    Mahlknecht, Philipp
    Hyam, Jonathan
    Foltynie, Thomas
    Limousin, Patricia
    De Vita, Enrico
    Jahanshahi, Marjan
    Hariz, Marwan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience. Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
    Ashburner, John
    Behrens, Tim
    Zrinzo, Ludvic
    Subthalamic deep brain stimulation sweet spots and hyperdirect cortical connectivity in Parkinson's disease2017In: NeuroImage, ISSN 1053-8119, E-ISSN 1095-9572, Vol. 158, p. 332-345Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Firstly, to identify subthalamic region stimulation clusters that predict maximum improvement in rigidity, bradykinesia and tremor, or emergence of side-effects; and secondly, to map-out the cortical fingerprint, mediated by the hyperdirect pathways which predict maximum efficacy.

    Methods: High angular resolution diffusion imaging in twenty patients with advanced Parkinson's disease was acquired prior to bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. All contacts were screened one-year from surgery for efficacy and side-effects at different amplitudes. Voxel-based statistical analysis of volumes of tissue activated models was used to identify significant treatment clusters. Probabilistic tractography was employed to identify cortical connectivity patterns associated with treatment efficacy.

    Results: All patients responded well to treatment (46% mean improvement off medication UPDRS-III [p < 0.0001]) without significant adverse events. Cluster corresponding to maximum improvement in tremor was in the posterior, superior and lateral portion of the nucleus. Clusters corresponding to improvement in bradykinesia and rigidity were nearer the superior border in a further medial and posterior location. The rigidity cluster extended beyond the superior border to the area of the zona incerta and Forel-H-2 field. When the clusters where averaged, the coordinates of the area with maximum overall efficacy was X = -10(-9.5), Y = -3(-1) and Z = -7(-3) in MNI(AC-PC) space. Cortical connectivity to primary motor area was predictive of higher improvement in tremor; whilst that to supplementary motor area was predictive of improvement in bradykinesia and rigidity; and connectivity to prefrontal cortex was predictive of improvement in rigidity.

    Interpretation: These findings support the presence of overlapping stimulation sites within the subthalamic nucleus and its superior border, with different cortical connectivity patterns, associated with maximum improvement in tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia.

  • 32. Akram, Harith
    et al.
    Wu, Chengyuan
    Hyam, Jonathan
    Foltynie, Thomas
    Limousin, Patricia
    De Vita, Enrico
    Yousry, Tarek
    Jahanshahi, Marjan
    Hariz, Marwan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience. Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
    Behrens, Timothy
    Ashburner, John
    Zrinzo, Ludvic
    L-Dopa Responsiveness Is Associated With Distinctive Connectivity Patterns in Advanced Parkinson's Disease2017In: Movement Disorders, ISSN 0885-3185, E-ISSN 1531-8257, Vol. 32, no 6, p. 874-883Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Neuronal loss and dopamine depletion alter motor signal processing between cortical motor areas, basal ganglia, and the thalamus, resulting in the motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Dopamine replacement therapy can reverse these manifestations with varying degrees of improvement. Methods: To evaluate functional connectivity in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease and changes in functional connectivity in relation to the degree of response to L-dopa, 19 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in the on-medication state. Scans were obtained on a 3-Tesla scanner in 3x3x2.5mm(3) voxels. Seed-based bivariate regression analyses were carried out with atlas-defined basal ganglia regions as seeds, to explore relationships between functional connectivity and improvement in the motor section of the UPDRS-III following an L-dopa challenge. False discovery rate-corrected P was set at < 0.05 for a 2-tailed t test. Results: A greater improvement in UPDRS-III scores following L-dopa administration was characterized by higher resting-state functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and the striatum (P=0.001) and lower resting-state functional connectivity between the pallidum (P=0.001), subthalamic nucleus (P=0.003), and the paracentral lobule (supplementary motor area, mesial primary motor, and primary sensory areas). Conclusions: Our findings show characteristic basal ganglia resting-state functional connectivity patterns associated with different degrees of L-dopa responsiveness in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. L-Dopa exerts a graduated influence on remapping connectivity in distinct motor control networks, potentially explaining some of the variance in treatment response.

  • 33. Al Nimer, Faiez
    et al.
    Elliott, Christina
    Bergman, Joakim
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Khademi, Mohsen
    Dring, Ann M
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Aeinehband, Shahin
    Bergenheim, Tommy
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Christensen, Jeppe Romme
    Sellebjerg, Finn
    Svenningsson, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Linington, Christopher
    Olsson, Tomas
    Piehl, Fredrik
    Lipocalin-2 is increased in progressive multiple sclerosis and inhibits remyelination2016In: Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, E-ISSN 2332-7812, Vol. 3, no 1, article id e191Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: We aimed to examine the regulation of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its potential functional relevance with regard to myelination and neurodegeneration. Methods: We determined LCN2 levels in 3 different studies: (1) in CSF and plasma from a case-control study comparing patients with MS (n = 147) with controls (n = 50) and patients with relapsing-remitting MS (n = 75) with patients with progressive MS (n = 72); (2) in CSF and brain tissue microdialysates from a case series of 7 patients with progressive MS; and (3) in CSF at baseline and 60 weeks after natalizumab treatment in a cohort study of 17 patients with progressive MS. Correlation to neurofilament light, a marker of neuroaxonal injury, was tested. The effect of LCN2 on myelination and neurodegeneration was studied in a rat in vitro neuroglial cell coculture model. Results: Intrathecal production of LCN2 was increased predominantly in patients with progressive MS (p < 0.005 vs relapsing-remitting MS) and displayed a positive correlation to neurofilament light (p = 0.005). Levels of LCN2 in brain microdialysates were severalfold higher than in the CSF, suggesting local production in progressive MS. Treatment with natalizumab in progressive MS reduced LCN2 levels an average of 13% (p < 0.0001). LCN2 was found to inhibit remyelination in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Conclusions: LCN2 production is predominantly increased in progressive MS. Although this moderate increase does not support the use of LCN2 as a biomarker, the correlation to neurofilament light and the inhibitory effect on remyelination suggest that LCN2 might contribute to neurodegeneration through myelination-dependent pathways.

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  • 34. Al Nimer, Faiez
    et al.
    Thelin, Eric
    Nystrom, Harriet
    Dring, Ann M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Svenningsson, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Piehl, Fredrik
    Nelson, David W.
    Bellander, Bo-Michael
    Comparative Assessment of the Prognostic Value of Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury Reveals an Independent Role for Serum Levels of Neurofilament Light2015In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 10, no 7, article id e0132177Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of death and disability, worldwide. Early determination of injury severity is essential to improve care. Neurofilament light (NF-L) has been introduced as a marker of neuroaxonal injury in neuroinflammatory/-degenerative diseases. In this study we determined the predictive power of serum (s-) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-) NF-L levels towards outcome, and explored their potential correlation to diffuse axonal injury (DAI). A total of 182 patients suffering from TBI admitted to the neurointensive care unit at a level 1 trauma center were included. S-NF-L levels were acquired, together with S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). CSF-NF-L was measured in a subcohort (n = 84) with ventriculostomies. Clinical and neuro-radiological parameters, including computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging, were included in the analyses. Outcome was assessed 6 to 12 months after injury using the Glasgow Outcome Score (1-5). In univariate proportional odds analyses mean s-NF-L, -S100B and -NSE levels presented a pseudo-R-2 Nagelkerke of 0.062, 0.214 and 0.074 in correlation to outcome, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, in addition to a model including core parameters (pseudo-R-2 0.33 towards outcome; Age, Glasgow Coma Scale, pupil response, Stockholm CT score, abbreviated injury severity score, S100B), S-NF-L yielded an extra 0.023 pseudo-R-2 and a significantly better model (p = 0.006) No correlation between DAI or CT assessed-intracranial damage and NF-L was found. Our study thus demonstrates that SNF-L correlates to TBI outcome, even if used in models with S100B, indicating an independent contribution to the prediction, perhaps by reflecting different pathophysiological processes, not possible to monitor using conventional neuroradiology. Although we did not find a predictive value of NF-L for DAI, this cannot be completely excluded. We suggest further

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  • 35.
    Al-ameri, Khalid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Effektskillnad mellanmåldos och lågdos vidhjärtsviktsbehandling2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 36. Al-Chalabi, Ammar
    et al.
    Andersen, Peter M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Chandran, Siddharthan
    Chio, Adriano
    Corcia, Philippe
    Couratier, Philippe
    Danielsson, Olof
    de Carvalho, Mamede
    Desnuelle, Claude
    Grehl, Torsten
    Grosskreutz, Julian
    Holmøy, Trygve
    Ingre, Caroline
    Karlsborg, Merete
    Kleveland, Grethe
    Christoph Koch, Jan
    Koritnik, Blaz
    KuzmaKozakiewicz, Magdalena
    Laaksovirta, Hannu
    Ludolph, Albert
    McDermott, Christopher
    Meyer, Thomas
    Ropero, Bernardo Mitre
    Pardina, Jesus Mora
    Nygren, Ingela
    Petri, Susanne
    Povedano Panades, Mónica
    Salachas, Francois
    Shaw, Pamela
    Silani, Vincenzo
    Staaf, Gert
    Svenstrup, Kirsten
    Talbot, Kevin
    Tysnes, Ole-Bjørn
    Van Damme, Philip
    van der Kooi, Anneke
    Weber, Markus
    Weydt, Patrick
    Wolf, Joachim
    Hardiman, Orla
    van den Berg, Leonard H.
    July 2017 ENCALS statement on edaravone2017In: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, ISSN 2167-8421, E-ISSN 2167-9223, Vol. 18, no 7-8, p. 471-474Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 37.
    Alfredji, Kaothar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Effekt av tillskott av vitamin D på vårt immunförsvar2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Effekt av tillskott av vitamin D på vårt immunförsvar
  • 38. Alhayali, Amani
    et al.
    Tavelin, Staffan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Velaga, Sitaram
    Dissolution and precipitation behavior of ternary solid dispersions of ezetimibe in biorelevant media2017In: Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, ISSN 0363-9045, E-ISSN 1520-5762, Vol. 43, no 1, p. 79-88Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of different formulations and processes on inducing and maintaining the supersaturation of ternary solid dispersions of ezetimibe (EZ) in two biorelevant media fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) and fasted-state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF) at different temperatures (25 °C and 37 °C) were investigated in this work.

    Ternary solid dispersions of EZ were prepared by adding polymer PVP-K30 and surfactant poloxamer 188 using melt-quenching and spray-drying methods. The resulting solid dispersions were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), modulated DSC, powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. The dissolution of all the ternary solid dispersions was tested in vitro under non-sink conditions.

    All the prepared solid dispersions were amorphous in nature. In FaSSIF at 25 °C, the melt-quenched (MQ) solid dispersions of EZ were more soluble than the spray-dried (SD) solid dispersions and supersaturation was maintained. However, at 37 °C, rapid and variable precipitation behavior was observed for all the MQ and SD formulations. In FaSSGF, the melting method resulted in better solubility than the spray-drying method at both temperatures.

    Ternary solid dispersions show potential for improving solubility and supersaturation. However, powder dissolution experiments of these solid dispersions of EZ at 25 °C may not predict the supersaturation behavior at physiologically relevant temperatures.

  • 39.
    Alhouayek, Mireille
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience. Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Universite catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.
    Boldrup, Linda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Fowler, Christopher J
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience.
    Altered mRNA Expression of Genes Involved in Endocannabinoid Signalling in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue2019In: Cancer Investigation, ISSN 0735-7907, E-ISSN 1532-4192, Vol. 37, no 8, p. 327-338Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Little is known about the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT). Here we have investigated, at the mRNA level, expression of genes coding for the components of the eCB system in tumour and non-malignant samples from SCCOT patients. Expression of NAPEPLD and PLA2G4E, coding for eCB anabolic enzymes, was higher in the tumour tissue than in non-malignant tissue. Among genes coding for eCB catabolic enzymes, expression of MGLL was lower in tumour tissue while PTGS2 was increased. It is concluded that the eCB system may be dysfunctional in SCCOT.

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  • 40.
    Alhouayek, Mireille
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Catholic Univ Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
    Gouveia-Figueira, Sandra
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Umea, Sweden.
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Fowler, Christopher J.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Involvement of CYP1B1 in interferon gamma-induced alterations of epithelial barrier integrity2018In: British Journal of Pharmacology, ISSN 0007-1188, E-ISSN 1476-5381, Vol. 175, no 6, p. 877-890Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 are important extra-hepatic cytochromes, expressed in the colon and involved in the metabolism of dietary constituents and exogenous compounds. CYP1B1 expression is increased by pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it has been recently implicated in regulation of blood brain barrier function. We investigated its involvement in the increased permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier observed in inflammatory conditions. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Epithelial monolayers formed by human T84 colon carcinoma cells cultured on transwells, were disrupted by incubation with IFN gamma (10 ng.mL(-1)). Monolayer integrity was measured using transepithelial electrical resistance. CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibitors or inducers were applied apically. Potential mechanisms of action were investigated using RT-qPCR. KEY RESULTS IFN gamma disrupts the barrier integrity of the T84 monolayers and increases CYP1B1 and HIF1 alpha mRNA expression. CYP1B1 induction is inhibited by the NF-kappa B inhibitor ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (100 mu M) but not by the HIF1 alpha inhibitor 3-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (50 mu M). Inhibition of CYP1B1 with the selective inhibitor 2,4,3,5-tetramethoxystilbene (100 nM) partly reverses the effects of IFN gamma on epithelial permeability. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that increased expression of CYP1B1 is involved in the effects of IFN gamma on epithelial permeability. Inhibition of CYP1B1 counteracts the alterations of epithelial barrier integrity induced by IFN gamma and could thus have a therapeutic potential in disorders of intestinal permeability associated with inflammation.

  • 41.
    Alhouayek, Mireille
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Rankin, Linda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Gouveia-Figueira, Sandra C.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Fowler, Christopher J
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Interferon γ treatment increases endocannabinoid and related N-acylethanolamine levels in T84 human colon carcinoma cells2019In: British Journal of Pharmacology, ISSN 0007-1188, E-ISSN 1476-5381, Vol. 176, no 10, p. 1470-1480Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and purpose: Endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are involved in regulation of gut function, but relatively little is known as to whether inflammatory cytokines such as IFN affect their levels. We have investigated this in vitro using cultures of T84 colon cancer cells.

    Experimental approach: T84 cells, when cultured in monolayers, differentiate to form adult colonic crypt-like cells with excellent permeability barrier properties. The integrity of the permeability barrier in these monolayers was measured using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). NAE levels were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Expression of the enzymes involved in NAE and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) turnover were assessed with qPCR.

    Key results: IFN treatment for 8 or 24h increased levels of both endocannabinoids (anandamide and 2-AG) and the related NAEs. The treatment did not affect the rate of hydrolysis of either anandamide or palmitoylethanolamide by intact cells, and in both cases, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) rather than NAE-hydrolysing acid amidase (NAAA) was mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of these NAEs. IFN treatment reduced the TEER of the cells in a manner that was not prevented by inhibition of either FAAH or NAAA but was partially reversed by apical administration of the NAE palmitoylethanolamide.

    Conclusion and implications: IFN treatment mobilized endocannabinoid and related NAE levels in T84 cells. However, blockade of anandamide or NAE hydrolysis was insufficient to negate the deleterious effects of this cytokine upon the permeability barrier of the cell monolayers.

  • 42.
    Alhouayek, Mireille
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Sorti, René
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Gilthorpe, Jonathan D.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Fowler, Christopher J
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Role of pannexin-1 in the cellular uptake, release and hydrolysis of anandamide by T84 colon cancer cells2019In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 9, article id 7622Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The large pore ion channel pannexin-1 (Panx1) has been reported to play a role in the cellular uptake and release of anandamide (AEA) in the hippocampus. It is not known whether this is a general mechanism or limited to the hippocampus. We have investigated this pharmacologically using T84 colon cancer cells. The cells expressed Panx1 at the mRNA level, and released ATP in a manner that could be reduced by treatment with the Panx1 inhibitors carbenoxolone and mefloquine and the Panxl substrate SR101. However, no significant effects of these compounds upon the uptake or hydrolysis of exogenously applied AEA was seen. Uptake by T84 cells of the other main endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol and the AEA homologue palmitoylethanolamide was similarly not affected by carbenoxolone or mefloquine. Total release of tritium from [H-3]AEA-prelabelled T84 cells over 10 min was increased, rather than inhibited by carbenoxolone and mefloquine. Finally, AEA uptake by PC3 prostate cancer and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, which express functional Panx1 channels, was not inhibited by carbenoxolone. Thus, in contrast to the hippocampus, Panx1 does not appear to play a role in AEA uptake and release from the cells studied under the conditions used.

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  • 43.
    Ali Ebrahimi, Mozhdeh
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Psykisk stress och psoriasis2019Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 44.
    Al-Khafaji, Shadan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    EPILEPSI OCH PSYKISK OHÄLS2019Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 45.
    Almosawi, Shahad
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience.
    Ciklesonid jämfört med budesonidvid behandling avastma: -En litteraturstudie som jämför effekten och biverkningsprofilenför budesonid och ciklesonidvid behandling av astma2015Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 46.
    Al-Obaidi, Mays
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Effekt av vitamin A-tillskott på mortalitet och morbiditet hos barn mellan 6 månader och 6 års ålder: En litteraturstudie med fokus på effekter av vitaminA-tillskott på dödlighet och sjuklighet i diarré och luftvägsinfektioner hos barn i utvecklingsländer2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Effekt av vitamin A-tillskott på mortalitet och morbiditet hos barn mellan 6 månader och 6 års ålder
  • 47.
    Al-Obaidi, Mays
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Läkemedelsundervisning i skolan: En enkätundersökning på gymnasieskole elever- och lärare i Skåne län2019Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 48. Alping, P.
    et al.
    Islam-Jakobsson, Protik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Novakova, L.
    Salzer, Jonatan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Björck, A.
    Axelsson, M.
    Malmeström, C.
    Fink, K.
    Frisell, T.
    Lycke, J.
    Svenningsson, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Piehl, F.
    Superior efficacy and tolerability of rituximab as compared to fingolimod for MS patients switching from natalizumab due to positive JC virus serology2015In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, ISSN 1352-4585, E-ISSN 1477-0970, Vol. 21, no 11, p. 555-555, article id P1079Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 49. Alping, P.
    et al.
    Svenningsson, A.
    Clinical Science Danderyd´s Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Salzer, Jonatan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Burman, J.
    Dahle, C.
    Fink, K.
    Hillert, J.
    Lycke, J.
    Landtblom, A. -M
    Martin, C.
    Nilsson, P.
    Walentin, F.
    Olsson, T.
    Frisell, T.
    Piehl, F.
    Rituximab in multiple sclerosis: data from the swedish MS registry2016In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, ISSN 1352-4585, E-ISSN 1477-0970, Vol. 22, p. 49-49Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 50. Alping, Peter
    et al.
    Askling, Johan
    Burman, Joachim
    Fink, Katharina
    Fogdell-Hahn, Anna
    Gunnarsson, Martin
    Hillert, Jan
    Langer-Gould, Annette
    Lycke, Jan
    Nilsson, Petra
    Salzer, Jonatan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Svenningsson, Anders
    Vrethem, Magnus
    Olsson, Tomas
    Piehl, Fredrik
    Frisell, Thomas
    Cancer Risk for Fingolimod, Natalizumab, and Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis Patients2020In: Annals of Neurology, ISSN 0364-5134, E-ISSN 1531-8249, Vol. 87, no 5, p. 688-699Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Novel, highly effective disease-modifying therapies have revolutionized multiple sclerosis (MS) care. However, evidence from large comparative studies on important safety outcomes, such as cancer, is still lacking.

    Methods: In this nationwide register-based cohort study, we linked data from the Swedish MS register to the Swedish Cancer Register and other national health care and census registers. We included 4,187 first-ever initiations of rituximab, 1,620 of fingolimod, and 1,670 of natalizumab in 6,136 MS patients matched for age, sex, and location to 37,801 non-MS general population subjects. Primary outcome was time to first invasive cancer.

    Results: We identified 78 invasive cancers among treated patients: rituximab 33 (incidence rate [IR] per 10,000 person-years = 34.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 23.7-48.3), fingolimod 28 (IR = 44.0, 95% CI = 29.2-63.5), and natalizumab 17 (IR = 26.0, 95% CI = 15.1-41.6). The general population IR was 31.0 (95% CI = 27.8-34.4). Adjusting for baseline characteristics, we found no difference in risk of invasive cancer between rituximab, natalizumab, and the general population but a possibly higher risk with fingolimod compared to the general population (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.98-2.38) and rituximab (HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.00-2.84).

    Interpretation: In this first large comparative study of 3 highly effective MS disease-modifying therapies, no increased risk of invasive cancer was seen with rituximab and natalizumab, compared to the general population. However, there was a borderline-significant increased risk with fingolimod, compared to both the general population and rituximab. It was not possible to attribute this increased risk to any specific type of cancer, and further studies are warranted to validate these findings.

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