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  • 1. Aalbers, R
    et al.
    Backer, V
    Kava, T T K
    Omenaas, E R
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Jorup, C
    Welte, T
    Adjustable maintenance dosing with budesonide/formoterol compared with fixed-dose salmeterol/fluticasone in moderate to severe asthma.2004In: Current Medical Research and Opinion, ISSN 0300-7995, E-ISSN 1473-4877, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 225-40Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy.
    Westerståhl, Maria
    Institutionen för laboratoriemedicin avd för klinisk fysiologi Karolinska institutet .
    Barnekow-Bergkvist, Margareta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Jansson, Eva
    Institutionen för laboratoriemedicin avd för klinisk fysiologi Karolinska institutet .
    Hälsoresan till medelåldern2011In: Svensk Idrottsforskning: Organ för Centrum för Idrottsforskning, ISSN 1103-4629, no 2, p. 4p. 40-43Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Vad är viktigast för att få en god hälsa som vuxen? Sedan 1974 har vi följt samma personer från 16 års ålder in i medelåldern och studerat deras hälsa från flera olika synvinklar. Nu pågår den tredje mätomgången.

  • 3. Abbas, S
    et al.
    Linseisen, J
    Rohrmann, S
    Beulens, JWJ
    Buijsse, B
    Amiano, P
    Ardanaz, E
    Balkau, B
    Boeing, H
    Clavel-Chapelon, F
    Fagherazzi, G
    Franks, Paul W
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Gavrila, D
    Grioni, S
    Kaaks, R
    Key, TJ
    Khaw, KT
    Kuehn, T
    Mattiello, A
    Molina-Montes, E
    Nilsson, PM
    Overvad, K
    Quiros, JR
    Rolandsson, Olov
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Sacerdote, C
    Saieva, C
    Slimani, N
    Sluijs, I
    Spijkerman, AMW
    Tjonneland, A
    Tumino, R
    van der A, DL
    Zamora-Ros, R
    Sharp, SJ
    Langenberg, C
    Forouhi, NG
    Riboli, E
    Wareham, NJ
    Dietary vitamin D intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition: the EPIC-InterAct study2014In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0954-3007, E-ISSN 1476-5640, Vol. 68, no 2, p. 196-202Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Prospective cohort studies have indicated that serum vitamin D levels are inversely related to risk of type 2 diabetes. However, such studies cannot determine the source of vitamin D. Therefore, we examined the association of dietary vitamin D intake with incident type 2 diabetes within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct study in a heterogeneous European population including eight countries with large geographical variation.

    SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using a case-cohort design, 11 245 incident cases of type 2 diabetes and a representative subcohort (N = 15 798) were included in the analyses. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes were calculated using a Prentice-weighted Cox regression adjusted for potential confounders. Twenty-four-hour diet-recall data from a subsample (N = 2347) were used to calibrate habitual intake data derived from dietary questionnaires.

    RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 10.8 years. Dietary vitamin D intake was not significantly associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. HR and 95% CIs for the highest compared to the lowest quintile of uncalibrated vitamin D intake was 1.09 (0.97-1.22) (P-trend = 0.17). No associations were observed in a sex-specific analysis. The overall pooled effect (HR (95% CI)) using the continuous calibrated variable was 1.00 (0.97-1.03) per increase of 1 mg/day dietary vitamin D.

    CONCLUSIONS: This observational study does not support an association between higher dietary vitamin D intake and type 2 diabetes incidence. This result has to be interpreted in light of the limited contribution of dietary vitamin D on the overall vitamin D status of a person.

  • 4.
    Abdel-Aziz, Mahmoud I.
    et al.
    Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dept of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
    Vijverberg, Susanne J.H.
    Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Neerincx, Anne H.
    Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Brinkman, Paul
    Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Wagener, Ariane H.
    Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Riley, John H.
    Respiratory Therapeutic Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom.
    Sousa, Ana R.
    Respiratory Therapeutic Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom.
    Bates, Stewart
    Respiratory Therapeutic Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom.
    Wagers, Scott S.
    BioSci Consulting, Maasmechelen, Belgium.
    De Meulder, Bertrand
    European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CIRI UMR5308, CNRS-ENS-UCBLINSERM, Lyon, France.
    Auffray, Charles
    European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CIRI UMR5308, CNRS-ENS-UCBLINSERM, Lyon, France.
    Wheelock, Åsa M.
    Respiratory Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bansal, Aruna T.
    Acclarogen Ltd, St John’s Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Caruso, Massimo
    Dept of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
    Chanez, Pascal
    Département des Maladies Respiratoires APHM, U1067 INSERM, Aix Marseille Université Marseille, Marseille, France.
    Uddin, Mohib
    AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Corfield, Julie
    AstraZeneca R&D, Molndal, Sweden; Areteva R&D, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
    Horvath, Ildiko
    Dept of Public Health, Semmelweis University, National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.
    Krug, Norbert
    Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
    Musial, Jacek
    Dept of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
    Sun, Kai
    Data Science Institute, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Shaw, Dominick E.
    Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Montuschi, Paolo
    Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
    Fowler, Stephen J.
    Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
    Lutter, René
    Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dept of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Djukanovic, Ratko
    NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
    Howarth, Peter
    NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, and Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
    Skipp, Paul
    Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
    Sanak, Marek
    Dept of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
    Adcock, Ian M.
    National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
    Chung, Kian Fan
    National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
    Sterk, Peter J.
    Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Kraneveld, Aletta D.
    Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
    Maitland-Van der Zee, Anke H.
    Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dept of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    A multi-omics approach to delineate sputum microbiome-associated asthma inflammatory phenotypes2022In: European Respiratory Journal, ISSN 0903-1936, E-ISSN 1399-3003, Vol. 59, no 1, article id 2102603Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A multi-omics approach revealed the underlying biological pathways in the microbiome-driven severe asthma phenotypes. This may help to elucidate new leads for treatment development, particularly for the therapeutically challenging neutrophilic asthma.

  • 5.
    Abdelmoety, Ahmed
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    An investigation into the lived experiences of parents and health professionals involved in the treatment of children with cleft lip and/ or cleft palate in Egypt2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 6.
    Abdelsayed, Mena
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Bytyci, Ibadete
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology. Universi College, Bardhosh, Prishtina, Kosovo.
    Rydberg, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Henein, Michael Y.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology. Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George University London, UK; Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Brunel University, London, UK.
    Left Ventricular Contraction Duration Is the Most Powerful Predictor of Cardiac Events in LQTS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis2020In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, E-ISSN 2077-0383, Vol. 9, no 9, article id 2820Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is primarily an electrical disorder characterized by a prolonged myocardial action potential. The delay in cardiac repolarization leads to electromechanical (EM) abnormalities, which adds a diagnostic value for LQTS. Prolonged left ventricular (LV) contraction was identified as a potential risk for arrhythmia. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the best predictor of all EM parameters for cardiac events (CEs) in LQTS patients. Methods: We systematically searched all electronic databases up to March 2020, to select studies that assessed the relationship between echocardiographic indices—contraction duration (CD), mechanical dispersion (MD), QRS onset to peak systolic strain (QAoC), and the EM window (EMW); and electrical indices— corrected QT interval (QTC), QTC dispersion, RR interval in relation to CEs in LQTS. This meta-analysis included a total of 1041 patients and 373 controls recruited from 12 studies. Results: The meta-analysis showed that LQTS patients had electrical and mechanical abnormalities as compared to controls—QTC, WMD 72.8; QTC dispersion, WMD 31.7; RR interval, WMD 91.5; CD, WMD 49.2; MD, WMD 15.9; QAoC, WMD 27.8; and EMW, WMD −62.4. These mechanical abnormalities were more profound in symptomatic compared to asymptomatic patients in whom disturbances were already manifest, compared to controls. A CD ≥430 ms had a summary sensitivity (SS) of 71%, specificity of 84%, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) >19.5 in predicting CEs. EMW and QTC had a lower accuracy. Conclusions: LQTS is associated with pronounced EM abnormalities, particularly prolonged LV myocardial CD, which is profound in symptomatic patients. These findings highlight the significant role of EM indices like CD in managing LQTS patients.

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  • 7.
    Abedpour Dehkordi, Adel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Mental health in Northern Sweden: focusing on depressive symptoms; a risk factors analysis2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) have classified depressive disorders as the unique most burdensome disease from the point of overall DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) among individuals in working ages. The continuous monitoring is of great importance for prevention and controlling strategies and it could be linked to economic development in the country via reducing DALYs. The rate of mental disorders has increased in Sweden during last years. In the present thesis, we aim to analyze the risk factors and prevalence of clinical depression in Northern Sweden.

    Material & Methods:An empirical cross-sectional study performed based on a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of inhabitants in Northern Sweden. 23560 individuals responded to the question about taking medicine for depression in last three months, which considered as the target sample. Descriptive statistics was used to measure prevalence of depression across different sociodemographic, social and behavioral factors. Pearson Chi square test was used for comparative purposes. Univariate/Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratio for depression across different explanatory variables (P<0.05 considered significant). Hosmer-Lemeshow test was applied for goodness of fit in regression models (P>0.05 considered good fit).

    Results & Discussion:The point prevalence of clinical depression estimated 6.06% (4.24% in male and 7.61% in female) in Northern Sweden for 2014. Logistic regression showed that using medicines (for anxiety, sleeplessness, diabetes), physical inactivity, vegetable-free diet were all associated with increased risk of depression in north of Sweden (P<0.00.5-0.05). High physical activity, being Farmer and Self-employed, high social support were strongly associated with low risk of depression (P<0.00.5-0.05). No ascending linear association was observed for clinical depression in relation to increasing age, education, and vegetable (P>0.05). However, a gradient was detected for income, physical activity and social support (P<0.05).

    Conclusion:This study shows that the depressive symptoms is relatively higher in Northern Sweden than whole Sweden on average. There is a slight increase in the rate of depression in Northern Sweden compared to 2009. Meanwhile, women are more susceptible to get diagnosed with clinical depression in Northern Sweden. Protective factors for clinical depression are being employed as a farmer and being physically active. Nevertheless, a combination of different risk factors related to depression was observed. Further research is required to find underlying causes of the higher rate of depression in women, risk factors related to different age groups.

  • 8.
    Abedpour Dehkordi, Adel
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Nayeri, H.
    Naderi, G. A.
    Dinani, N. Jafari
    Boshtam, M.
    Interleukin-6 reduces paraoxonase-1 activity in a dose-dependent manner: evidence for a potential novel lipoprotein-based modulatory mechanism2016In: Atherosclerosis, ISSN 0021-9150, E-ISSN 1879-1484, Vol. 252, p. E113-E114Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: The anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory nature of HDL is mainly associated with paraoxonase-1 (PON1). Previous studies have revealed an inverse correlation between Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and PON1 expression. The current study investigates the effect of IL-6 on serum PON1 activity in vitro, given the potential structural capability of PON1 to host multiple ligands. Methods: PON1 activity was measured spectrophotometrically (234 nm) using paraoxon substrate in the presence of concentrations of IL-6 than control samples. A sequence alignment using the FASTA sequence was manually conducted to identify possible homologies between PON1 and the IL-6-binding protein. Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism v5.0. Results: PON1 enzyme activity decreased by 15%, 26% (P<0.05) and 55% (P<0.001) in the presence of 4, 10 and 20 pg/ml of IL-6, respectively. in comparison with the controls. Student t. test was used as statistical method (p<0.05: statistically significant). There are potential homologies between PON1 active sites and know IL-6-binding residues. Conclusions: This study shows that IL-6 directly reduce the PON1 activity in a dose-dependent manner. This observation supports some studies indicating inverse correlation between PON1 and IL-6. However, as opposed to the gene-mediated approach, this study suggest that IL-6 may act directly through specific binding to PON1 (biochemical modulation). X ray crystallography can further scrutinize the present finding.

  • 9.
    Abildgaard, Niels
    et al.
    Hematology Research Unit, Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
    Anttila, Pekka
    Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
    Waage, Anders
    Department of Hematology, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
    Rubin, Katrine Hass
    Research Unit OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
    Ørstavik, Sigurd
    Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Oslo, Norway.
    Bent-Ennakhil, Nawal
    Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Gavini, François
    Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Ma, Yuanjun
    Parexel International, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Freilich, Jonatan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology. Parexel International, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hansson, Markus
    Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma in Denmark, Finland and Sweden: An analysis using linked Nordic registries2024In: European Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0959-8049, E-ISSN 1879-0852, Vol. 201, article id 113921Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The Health outcomes and Understanding of MyelomA multi-National Study (HUMANS) was a large-scale, retrospective study conducted across Denmark, Finland and Sweden using linked data from national registries. We describe the characteristics, treatment patterns and clinical outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) over 2010–2018.

    Methods: Patients with NDMM who received MM-specific, first-line treatments, were categorised by treatment (autologous stem cell transplantation [ASCT] or a combination chemotherapy regimen based on bortezomib, lenalidomide or melphalan-prednisolone-thalidomide).

    Results: 11,023 patients received treatment over 2010–2018. Time between diagnosis and treatment was shortest in Denmark (0.9 months), then Sweden (2.9 months) and Finland (4.6 months). Around one third of patients underwent ASCT. Lenalidomide-based regimens were prescribed to 23–28% of patients in Denmark and Finland, versus 12% in Sweden. Patients receiving lenalidomide had the longest wait for treatment, from 3.2 months (Denmark) to 12.1 months (Sweden). Treatment persistence was highest among patients receiving melphalan-prednisolone-thalidomide (7–8 months) in Finland and Sweden and lowest among those receiving bortezomib (3.5 months) in Finland. Overall survival (OS) was longest among patients with ASCT (7–10 years). Among patients receiving chemotherapy, OS (from diagnosis/treatment initiation), varied between cohorts. In a sensitivity analysis excluding patients with smouldering MM, OS decreased for all; for patients receiving bortezomib or lenalidomide, OS from diagnosis was 40–49 and 27–54 months, respectively.

    Conclusions: This population-based study of patients with NDMM receiving first-line MM-specific treatment, provides real-world data on treatment patterns and outcomes to complement data from randomised clinical trials.

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  • 10.
    Abildgaard, Niels
    et al.
    Hematology Research Unit, Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
    Freilich, Jonatan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology. Department of Access Consulting, PAREXEL International, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Anttila, Pekka
    Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
    Bent-Ennakhil, Nawal
    Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Ma, Yuanjun
    Department of Access Consulting, PAREXEL International, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lassenius, Mariann
    Medaffcon, Espoo, Finland.
    Ørstavik, Sigurd
    Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Oslo, Norway.
    Toppila, Iiro
    Medaffcon, Espoo, Finland.
    Waage, Anders
    Department of Hematology, St Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
    Turesson, Ingemar
    Lund University Cancer Centre, University of Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Hansson, Markus
    Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Use of linked nordic registries for population studies in hematologic cancers: the case of multiple myeloma2023In: Clinical Epidemiology, ISSN 1179-1349, E-ISSN 1179-1349, Vol. 15, p. 987-999Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Linked health-care registries and high coverage in Nordic countries lend themselves well to epidemiologic research. Given its relatively high incidence in Western Europe, complexity in diagnosis, and challenges in registration, multiple myeloma (MM) was selected to compare registries in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.

    Patients and Methods: Data were obtained from four archetypal registries in each country (spanning January 2005–October 2018): National Patient Registry (NPR), Prescribed Drug Registry (PDR), Cancer Registry (CR), and Cause of Death Registry. Patients newly diagnosed with MM who received MM-specific treatment were included. PDR/NPR treatment records were used to assess incident NPR cases. The registration quality of MM-specific drugs in the PDR of each country was also evaluated.

    Results: In Denmark, only 6% of patients in the NPR were not registered in the CR; in Sweden, it was 16.9%. No systematic differences were identified that could explain this discrepancy. In Denmark, lenalidomide and bortezomib were registered in the NPR with high coverage, but less expensive drugs typically given in combination with bortezomib were not covered in any of the registries. In Finland and Sweden, bortezomib records were not identified in the PDR, but some were in the NPR; other drugs had good coverage in the PDR.

    Conclusions: The registries evaluated in this study can be used to identify the MM population; however, given the gaps in MM registration in the Finnish and Swedish CRs, Danish registries provide the most comprehensive datasets for research on treatment patterns for MM.

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  • 11. Aboagye, Emmanuel
    et al.
    Hagberg, Jan
    Axén, Iben
    Kwak, Lydia
    Lohela-Karlsson, Malin
    Skillgate, Eva
    Dahlgren, Gunilla
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Jensen, Irene
    Individual preferences for physical exercise as secondary prevention for non-specific low back pain: a discrete choice experiment2017In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 12, no 12, article id e0187709Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Exercise is effective in improving non-specific low back pain (LBP). Certain components of physical exercise, such as the type, intensity and frequency of exercise, are likely to influence participation among working adults with non-specific LBP, but the value and relative importance of these components remain unknown. The study's aim was to examine such specific components and their influence on individual preferences for exercise for secondary prevention of non-specific LBP among working adults. Methods: In a discrete choice experiment, working individuals with non-specific LBP answered a webbased questionnaire. Each respondent was given ten pairs of hypothetical exercise programs and asked to choose one option from each pair. The choices comprised six attributes of exercise (i.e., type of training, design, intensity, frequency, proximity and incentives), each with either three or four levels. A conditional logit regression that reflected the random utility model was used to analyze the responses. Results: The final study population consisted of 112 participants. The participants' preferred exercise option was aerobic (i.e., cardiovascular) rather than strength training, group exercise with trainer supervision, rather than individual or unsupervised exercise. They also preferred high intensity exercise performed at least once or twice per week. The most popular types of incentive were exercise during working hours and a wellness allowance rather than coupons for sports goods. The results show that the relative value of some attribute levels differed between young adults (age <= 44 years) and older adults (age <= 45 years) in terms of the level of trainer supervision required, exercise intensity, travel time to exercise location and financial incentives. For active study participants, exercise frequency (i.e., twice per week, 1.15; CI: 0.25; 2.06) influenced choice of exercise. For individuals with more than one child, travel time (i.e., 20 minutes, - 0.55; CI: 0.65; 3.26) was also an influential attribute for choice of exercise, showing that people with children at home preferred to exercise close to home. Conclusions: This study adds to our knowledge about what types of exercise working adults with back pain are most likely to participate in. The exercise should be a cardiovascular type of training carried out in a group with trainer supervision. It should also be of high intensity and preferably performed twice per week during working hours. Coupons for sports goods do not appear to motivate physical activity among workers with LBP. The findings of the study could have a substantial impact on the planning and development of exercise provision and promotion strategies to improve non-specific LBP. Providers and employers may be able to improve participation in exercise programs for adults with non-specific LBP by focusing on the exercise components which are the most attractive. This in turn would improve satisfaction and adherence to exercise interventions aimed at preventing recurrent non-specific LBP.

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  • 12.
    Aboka, Deliana
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Prescribing practices of oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation stroke prophylaxis: An online survey among practitioners from Sweden and the United Kingdom2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 13. AbouZahr, Carla
    et al.
    Boerma, Ties
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health. Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Johannesburg, South Africa ; Univ Aberdeen, Inst Appl Hlth Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland.
    Bridging the data gaps: do we have the right balance between country data and global estimates?2017In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 10, article id 1299978Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 14.
    Abraha, Atakelti
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Tigray Health Bureau, Tigray and Ethiopian Health Insurance Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Myléus, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Institutes of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Kahsay, Asmelash
    Tigray Health Bureau, Tigray and Ethiopian Health Insurance Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Kinsman, John
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health (IHCAR), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Social determinants of under-5 child health: A qualitative study in Wolkayit Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia2019In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 14, no 6, article id e0218101Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite the significant reductions seen in under-5 child mortality in Ethiopia over the last two decades, more than 10,000 children still die each year in Tigray Region alone, of whom 75% die from preventable diseases. Using an equity lens, this study aimed to investigate the social determinants of child health in one particularly vulnerable district as a means of informing the health policy decision-making process. An exploratory qualitative study design was adopted, combining focus group discussions and qualitative interviews. Seven Focus Group Discussions with mothers of young children, and 21 qualitative interviews with health workers were conducted in Wolkayit district in May-June 2015. Data were subjected to thematic analysis. Mothers’ knowledge regarding the major causes of child mortality appeared to be good, and they also knew about and trusted the available child health interventions. However, utilization and practice of these interventions was limited by a range of issues, including cultural factors, financial shortages, limited female autonomy on financial resources, seasonal mobility, and inaccessible or unaffordable health services. Our findings pointed to the importance of a multi-sectoral strategy to improve child health equity and reduce under-5 mortality in Wolkayit. Recommendations include further decentralizing child health services to local-level Health Posts, and increasing the number of Health Facilities based on local topography and living conditions.

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  • 15.
    Abrahamsson, Pernilla
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Åberg, Anna-Maja
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Johansson, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Winsö, Ola
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Waldenström, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology.
    Haney, Michael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Detection of myocardial ischaemia using surface microdialysis on the beating heart2011In: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, ISSN 1475-0961, E-ISSN 1475-097X, Vol. 31, no 3, p. 175-181Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Microdialysis (MD) can be used to study metabolism of the beating heart. We investigated whether microdialysis results obtained from epicardial (surface) sampling reflect acute changes in the same way as myocardial sampling from within the substance of the ventricular wall. In anaesthetized open-thorax pigs a coronary snare was placed. One microdialysis probe was placed with the sampling membrane intramyocardially (myocardial), and a second probe was placed with the sampling membrane epicardially (surface), both in the area which was made ischaemic. Ten minutes collection intervals were used for microdialysis samples. Samples from 19 pigs were analysed for lactate, glucose, pyruvate and glycerol during equilibration, baseline, ischaemia and reperfusion periods. For both probes (surface and myocardial), a total of 475 paired simultaneous samples were analysed. Results from analyses showed no differences in relative changes for glucose, lactate and glycerol during baseline, ischaemia and reperfusion. Surface microdialysis sampling is a new application of the microdialysis technique that shows promise and should be further studied.

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  • 16.
    Abu Mdaighem, Mahmoud
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Occupational noise exposure and Raynaud’s phenomenon2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 17.
    Accordini, Simone
    et al.
    Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Dept of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Equal contribution as first authors.
    Calciano, Lucia
    Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Dept of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Equal contribution as first authors.
    Johannessen, Ane
    Centre for International Health, Dept of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
    Benediktsdóttir, Bryndis
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen
    Dept of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
    Bråbäck, Lennart
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Dharmage, Shyamali C.
    Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Gómez Real, Francisco
    Dept of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
    Holloway, John W.
    Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
    Holm, Mathias
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Janson, Christer
    Dept of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Jõgi, Nils O.
    Dept of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
    Jõgi, Rain
    Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
    Malinovschi, Andrei
    Dept of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Marcon, Alessandro
    Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Dept of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
    Martínez-Moratalla Rovira, Jesús
    Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (CHUA), Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Albacete, Spain.
    Sánchez-Ramos, José Luis
    Dept of Nursing, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
    Schlünssen, Vivi
    Dept of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Torén, Kjell
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Jarvis, Deborah
    Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Equal contribution as last authors.
    Svanes, Cecilie
    Centre for International Health, Dept of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Equal contribution as last authors.
    Prenatal and prepubertal exposures to tobacco smoke in men may cause lower lung function in future offspring: a three-generation study using a causal modelling approach2021In: European Respiratory Journal, ISSN 0903-1936, E-ISSN 1399-3003, Vol. 58, no 4, article id 2002791Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mechanistic research suggests that lifestyle and environmental factors impact respiratory health across generations by epigenetic changes transmitted through male germ cells. Evidence from studies on humans is very limited.We investigated multigeneration causal associations to estimate the causal effects of tobacco smoking on lung function within the paternal line. We analysed data from 383 adult offspring (age 18-47 years; 52.0% female) and their 274 fathers, who had participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS)/Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) generation study and had provided valid measures of pre-bronchodilator lung function. Two counterfactual-based, multilevel mediation models were developed with: paternal grandmothers' smoking in pregnancy and fathers' smoking initiation in prepuberty as exposures; fathers' forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), or FEV1/FVC z-scores as potential mediators (proxies of unobserved biological mechanisms that are true mediators); and offspring's FEV1 and FVC, or FEV1/FVC z-scores as outcomes. All effects were summarised as differences (Δ) in expected z-scores related to fathers' and grandmothers' smoking history.Fathers' smoking initiation in prepuberty had a negative direct effect on both offspring's FEV1 (Δz-score -0.36, 95% CI -0.63- -0.10) and FVC (-0.50, 95% CI -0.80- -0.20) compared with fathers' never smoking. Paternal grandmothers' smoking in pregnancy had a negative direct effect on fathers' FEV1/FVC (-0.57, 95% CI -1.09- -0.05) and a negative indirect effect on offspring's FEV1/FVC (-0.12, 95% CI -0.21- -0.03) compared with grandmothers' not smoking before fathers' birth nor during fathers' childhood.Fathers' smoking in prepuberty and paternal grandmothers' smoking in pregnancy may cause lower lung function in offspring. Our results support the concept that lifestyle-related exposures during these susceptibility periods influence the health of future generations.

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  • 18. Accordini, Simone
    et al.
    Calciano, Lucia
    Johannessen, Ane
    Portas, Laura
    Benediktsdóttir, Bryndis
    Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen
    Bråbäck, Lennart
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Carsin, Anne-Elie
    Dharmage, Shyamali C.
    Dratva, Julia
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Gomez Real, Francisco
    Heinrich, Joachim
    Holloway, John W.
    Holm, Mathias
    Janson, Christer
    Jögi, Rain
    Leynaert, Bénédicte
    Malinovschi, Andrei
    Marcon, Alessandro
    Martínez-Moratalla Rovira, Jesús
    Raherison, Chantal
    Sánchez-Ramos, José Luis
    Schlünssen, Vivi
    Bono, Roberto
    Corsico, Angelo G.
    Demoly, Pascal
    Dorado Arenas, Sandra
    Nowak, Dennis
    Pin, Isabelle
    Weyler, Joost
    Jarvis, Deborah
    Svanes, Cecilie
    A three-generation study on the association of tobacco smoking with asthma2018In: International Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0300-5771, E-ISSN 1464-3685, Vol. 47, no 4, p. 1106-1117Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Mothers' smoking during pregnancy increases asthma risk in their offspring. There is some evidence that grandmothers' smoking may have a similar effect, and biological plausibility that fathers' smoking during adolescence may influence offspring's health through transmittable epigenetic changes in sperm precursor cells. We evaluated the three-generation associations of tobacco smoking with asthma.

    Methods: Between 2010 and 2013, at the European Community Respiratory Health Survey III clinical interview, 2233 mothers and 1964 fathers from 26 centres reported whether their offspring (aged ≤51 years) had ever had asthma and whether it had coexisted with nasal allergies or not. Mothers and fathers also provided information on their parents' (grandparents) and their own asthma, education and smoking history. Multilevel mediation models within a multicentre three-generation framework were fitted separately within the maternal (4666 offspring) and paternal (4192 offspring) lines.

    Results: Fathers' smoking before they were 15 [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-2.01] and mothers' smoking during pregnancy (RRR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01-1.59) were associated with asthma without nasal allergies in their offspring. Grandmothers' smoking during pregnancy was associated with asthma in their daughters [odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17-2.06] and with asthma with nasal allergies in their grandchildren within the maternal line (RRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02-1.55).

    Conclusions: Fathers' smoking during early adolescence and grandmothers' and mothers' smoking during pregnancy may independently increase asthma risk in offspring. Thus, risk factors for asthma should be sought in both parents and before conception.

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  • 19.
    Acosta, Naydú
    et al.
    Universidad Industrial de Santander .
    Pollard, Jennifer
    National University of Colombia.
    Mosquera, Paola
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Reveiz, Ludovic
    National University of Colombia.
    Equidad en el desarrollo de guias de practica clinica: [The concept of equity when developing clinical practice guidelines]2011In: Revista de Salud Pública, ISSN 0124-0064, Vol. 13, no 2, p. 327-38Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This systematic literature review sought to identify methodologies and technical strategies emphasising healthcare services and outcomes when incorporating the concept of equity into Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG). 940 references were identified, of which 20 fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. While no reports were found describing or evaluating an explicit methodology for incorporating considerations of equity into CPG, some studies revealed related strategies or processes, summarised as follows: 1. Target population involvement during all phases of designing, implementing and evaluating CPG; 2. "Cultural capacity" seen as being necessary in CPGs' "cultural translation" for interventions to have less disparity regarding their application and results; 3. Considering psycho-social factors which could affect implementing CPG, and; 4. Considering system inequities so that any health intervention would also confront risks and obstacles to health care due to socioeconomic status. It was concluded that CPGs could be a potential route for promoting more equitable healthcare effects by standardising health interventions if, by incorporating some of the processes described above, they actively seek to avoid unjust differences in access to and/or the quality of the interventions that they prescribe.

  • 20. Adam, Martin
    et al.
    Schikowski, Tamara
    Carsin, Anne Elie
    Cai, Yutong
    Jacquemin, Benedicte
    Sanchez, Margaux
    Vierkötter, Andrea
    Marcon, Alessandro
    Keidel, Dirk
    Sugiri, Dorothee
    Al Kanani, Zaina
    Nadif, Rachel
    Siroux, Valérie
    Hardy, Rebecca
    Kuh, Diana
    Rochat, Thierry
    Bridevaux, Pierre-Olivier
    Eeftens, Marloes
    Tsai, Ming-Yi
    Villani, Simona
    Phuleria, Harish Chandra
    Birk, Matthias
    Cyrys, Josef
    Cirach, Marta
    de Nazelle, Audrey
    Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    de Hoogh, Kees
    Declerq, Christophe
    Bono, Roberto
    Piccioni, Pavilio
    Quass, Ulrich
    Heinrich, Joachim
    Jarvis, Deborah
    Pin, Isabelle
    Beelen, Rob
    Hoek, Gerard
    Brunekreef, Bert
    Schindler, Christian
    Sunyer, Jordi
    Krämer, Ursula
    Kauffmann, Francine
    Hansell, Anna L
    Künzli, Nino
    Probst-Hensch, Nicole
    Adult lung function and long-term air pollution exposure. ESCAPE: a multicentre cohort study and meta-analysis2015In: European Respiratory Journal, ISSN 0903-1936, E-ISSN 1399-3003, Vol. 41, no 5, p. 38-50Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The chronic impact of ambient air pollutants on lung function in adults is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution with lung function in adult participants from five cohorts in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). Residential exposure to nitrogen oxides (NO2, NOx) and particulate matter (PM) was modelled and traffic indicators were assessed in a standardised manner. The spirometric parameters forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) from 7613 subjects were considered as outcomes. Cohort-specific results were combined using meta-analysis. We did not observe an association of air pollution with longitudinal change in lung function, but we observed that a 10 μg·m(-3) increase in NO2 exposure was associated with lower levels of FEV1 (-14.0 mL, 95%CI -25.8- -2.1) and FVC (-14.9 mL, 95% CI -28.7- -1.1). An increase of 10 μg·m(-3) in PM10, but not other PM metrics (PM2.5, coarse fraction of PM, PM absorbance), was associated with a lower level of FEV1 (-44.6 mL, 95% CI -85.4- -3.8) and FVC (-59.0 mL, 95% CI -112.3- -5.6). The associations were particularly strong in obese persons. This study adds to the evidence for an adverse association of ambient air pollution with lung function in adults at very low levels in Europe.

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  • 21. Adam-Poupart, Ariane
    et al.
    Labreche, France
    Smargiassi, Audrey
    Duguay, Patrice
    Busque, Marc-Antoine
    Gagne, Charles
    Rintamaki, Hannu
    Kjellström, Tord
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Zayed, Joseph
    Climate Change and Occupational Health and Safety in a Temperate Climate: Potential Impacts and Research Priorities in Quebec, Canada2013In: Industrial Health, ISSN 0019-8366, E-ISSN 1880-8026, Vol. 51, no 1, p. 68-78Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The potential impacts of climate change (CC) on Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) have been studied a little in tropical countries, while they received no attention in northern industrialized countries with a temperate climate. This work aimed to establish an overview of the potential links between CC and OHS in those countries and to determine research priorities for Quebec, Canada. A narrative review of the scientific literature (2005-2010) was presented to a working group of international and national experts and stakeholders during a workshop held in 2010. The working group was invited to identify knowledge gaps, and a modified Delphi method helped prioritize research avenues. This process highlighted five categories of hazards that are likely to impact OHS in northern industrialized countries: heat waves/increased temperatures, air pollutants, UV radiation, extreme weather events, vector-borne/zoonotic diseases. These hazards will affect working activities related to natural resources (i.e. agriculture, fishing and forestry) and may influence the socioeconomic context (built environment and green industries), thus indirectly modifying OHS. From this consensus approach, three categories of research were identified: 1) Knowledge acquisition on hazards, target populations and methods of adaptation; 2) Surveillance of diseases/accidents/occupational hazards; and 3) Development of new occupational adaptation strategies.

  • 22. Adams, D.
    et al.
    Coelho, T.
    Conceicao, E.
    Waddington-Cruz, M.
    Schmidt, H.
    Buades, J.
    Campistol, J. M.
    Pouget, J.
    Berk, J. L.
    Polydefkis, M.
    Ziyadeh, N.
    Partisano, A. M.
    Chen, J.
    Gollob, J.
    Suhr, Ole B.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    PHASE 2 OPEN-LABEL EXTENSION (OLE) STUDY OF PATISIRAN, AN INVESTIGATIONAL RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAI) THERAPEUTIC FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEREDITARY ATTR AMYLOIDOSIS WITH POLYNEUROPATHY2017In: Value in Health, ISSN 1098-3015, E-ISSN 1524-4733, Vol. 20, no 5, p. A211-A212Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 23. Adams, D.
    et al.
    Coelho, T.
    Conceicao, I.
    Cruz, M. Waddington
    Schmidt, H.
    Buades, J.
    Campistol, J.
    Pouget, J.
    Berk, J.
    Ziyadeh, N.
    Partisano, A.
    Chen, J.
    Sweetser, M.
    Gollob, J.
    Suhr, Ole
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Phase 2 open-label extension (OLE) study of patisiran with or without a TTR stabilizer for the treatment of hereditary ATTR (hATTR) amyloidosis with polyneuropathy2017In: European Journal of Neurology, ISSN 1351-5101, E-ISSN 1468-1331, Vol. 24, p. 31-32Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 24. Adams, D.
    et al.
    Coelho, T.
    Suhr, Ole
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Conceicao, I.
    Waddington-Cruz, M.
    Schmidt, H.
    Campistol, J.
    Pouget, J.
    Buades, J.
    Falzone, R.
    Harrop, J.
    De Frutos, R.
    Butler, J.
    Cehelsky, J.
    Nochur, S.
    Vaishnaw, A.
    Gollob, J.
    Interim results from phase ii trial of aln-ttr02, a novel RNAi therapeutic for the treatment of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy2013In: Journal of the peripheral nervous system, ISSN 1085-9489, E-ISSN 1529-8027, Vol. 18, no Supplement 2, p. 1-2Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 25. Adams, D.
    et al.
    Gonzalez-Duarte, A.
    O'Riordan, W. D.
    Yang, C. -C
    Ueda, M.
    Kristen, A. V.
    Tournev, I.
    Schmidt, H. H.
    Coelho, T.
    Berk, J. L.
    Lin, K. -P
    Vita, G.
    Attarian, S.
    Plante-Bordeneuve, V.
    Mezei, M. M.
    Campistol, J. M.
    Buades, J.
    Brannagan, T. H. , I I I
    Kim, B. J.
    Oh, J.
    Parman, Y.
    Sekijima, Y.
    Hawkins, P. N.
    Solomon, S. D.
    Polydefkis, M.
    Dyck, P. J.
    Gandhi, P. J.
    Goyal, S.
    Chen, J.
    Strahs, A. L.
    Nochur, S. V.
    Sweetser, M. T.
    Garg, P. P.
    Vaishnaw, A. K.
    Gollob, J. A.
    Suhr, Ole B.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Patisiran, an RNAi Therapeutic, for Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis2018In: New England Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0028-4793, E-ISSN 1533-4406, Vol. 379, no 1, p. 11-21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Patisiran, an investigational RNA interference therapeutic agent, specifically inhibits hepatic synthesis of transthyretin.

    METHODS: In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive intravenous patisiran (0.3 mg per kilogram of body weight) or placebo once every 3 weeks. The primary end point was the change from baseline in the modified Neuropathy Impairment Score+7 (mNIS+7; range, 0 to 304, with higher scores indicating more impairment) at 18 months. Other assessments included the Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy (Norfolk QOL-DN) questionnaire (range, -4 to 136, with higher scores indicating worse quality of life), 10-m walk test (with gait speed measured in meters per second), and modified body-mass index (modified BMI, defined as [weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meters] x albumin level in grams per liter; lower values indicated worse nutritional status).

    RESULTS: A total of 225 patients underwent randomization (148 to the patisiran group and 77 to the placebo group). The mean (+/- SD) mNIS+7 at baseline was 80.9 +/- 41.5 in the patisiran group and 74.6 +/- 37.0 in the placebo group; the least-squares mean (+/- SE) change from baseline was -6.0 +/- 1.7 versus 28.0 +/- 2.6 (difference, -34.0 points; P<0.001) at 18 months. The mean (+/- SD) baseline Norfolk QOL-DN score was 59.6 +/- 28.2 in the patisiran group and 55.5 +/- 24.3 in the placebo group; the least-squares mean (+/- SE) change from baseline was -6.7 +/- 1.8 versus 14.4 +/- 2.7 (difference, -21.1 points; P<0.001) at 18 months. Patisiran also showed an effect on gait speed and modified BMI. At 18 months, the least-squares mean change from baseline in gait speed was 0.08 +/- 0.02 m per second with patisiran versus -0.24 +/- 0.04 m per second with placebo (difference, 0.31 m per second; P<0.001), and the least-squares mean change from baseline in the modified BMI was -3.7 +/- 9.6 versus -119.4 +/- 14.5 (difference, 115.7; P<0.001). Approximately 20% of the patients who received patisiran and 10% of those who received placebo had mild or moderate infusion-related reactions; the overall incidence and types of adverse events were similar in the two groups.

    CONCLUSIONS: In this trial, patisiran improved multiple clinical manifestations of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis.

  • 26.
    Adams, David
    et al.
    Department of Neurology, French National Reference Centre for Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy, CHU Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay APHP, INSERM U1195, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
    Ando, Yukio
    Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.
    Beirão, João Melo
    Ophthalmology Service, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
    Coelho, Teresa
    Centro Hospitalar Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
    Gertz, Morie A.
    Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
    Gillmore, Julian D.
    National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Hawkins, Philip N.
    National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Lousada, Isabelle
    Amyloidosis Research Consortium, Boston, MA, United States.
    Suhr, Ole B.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Merlini, Giampaolo
    Amyloidosis Center Foundation, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, San Matteo, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
    Expert consensus recommendations to improve diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis with polyneuropathy2021In: Journal of Neurology, ISSN 0340-5354, E-ISSN 1432-1459, Vol. 268, no 6, p. 2109-2122Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (PN) is a progressive, debilitating, systemic disease wherein transthyretin protein misfolds to form amyloid, which is deposited in the endoneurium. ATTR amyloidosis with PN is the most serious hereditary polyneuropathy of adult onset. It arises from a hereditary mutation in theTTRgene and may involve the heart as well as other organs. It is critical to identify and diagnose the disease earlier because treatments are available to help slow the progression of neuropathy. Early diagnosis is complicated, however, because presentation may vary and family history is not always known. Symptoms may be mistakenly attributed to other diseases such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy, lumbar spinal stenosis, and, more rarely, diabetic neuropathy and AL amyloidosis. In endemic countries (e.g., Portugal, Japan, Sweden, Brazil), ATTR amyloidosis with PN should be suspected in any patient who has length-dependent small-fiber PN with autonomic dysfunction and a family history of ATTR amyloidosis, unexplained weight loss, heart rhythm disorders, vitreous opacities, or renal abnormalities. In nonendemic countries, the disease may present as idiopathic rapidly progressive sensory motor axonal neuropathy or atypical CIDP with any of the above symptoms or with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, gait disorders, or cardiac hypertrophy. Diagnosis should include DNA testing, biopsy, and amyloid typing. Patients should be followed up every 6-12 months, depending on the severity of the disease and response to therapy. This review outlines detailed recommendations to improve the diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis with PN.

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  • 27. Adams, David
    et al.
    Polydefkis, Michael
    Gonzalez-Duarte, Alejandra
    Wixner, Jonas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Kristen, Arnt, V
    Schmidt, Hartmut H.
    Berk, John L.
    Losada Lopez, Ines Asuncion
    Dispenzieri, Angela
    Quan, Dianna
    Conceicao, Isabel M.
    Slama, Michel S.
    Gillmore, Julian D.
    Kyriakides, Theodoros
    Ajroud-Driss, Senda
    Waddington-Cruz, Marcia
    Mezei, Michelle M.
    Plante-Bordeneuve, Violaine
    Attarian, Shahram
    Mauricio, Elizabeth
    Brannagan, Thomas H., III
    Ueda, Mitsuharu
    Aldinc, Emre
    Wang, Jing Jing
    White, Matthew T.
    Vest, John
    Berber, Erhan
    Sweetser, Marianne T.
    Coelho, Teresa
    Pedrosa-Domellöf, Fatima
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Long-term safety and efficacy of patisiran for hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy: 12-month results of an open-label extension study2021In: Lancet Neurology, ISSN 1474-4422, E-ISSN 1474-4465, Vol. 20, no 1, p. 49-59Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis is a rare, inherited, progressive disease caused by mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. We assessed the safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with patisiran, an RNA interference therapeutic that inhibits TTR production, in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Methods This multicentre, open-label extension (OLE) trial enrolled patients at 43 hospitals or clinical centres in 19 countries as of Sept 24, 2018. Patients were eligible if they had completed the phase 3 APOLLO or phase 2 OLE parent studies and tolerated the study drug. Eligible patients from APOLLO (patisiran and placebo groups) and the phase 2 OLE (patisiran group) studies enrolled in this global OLE trial and received patisiran 0.3 mg/kg by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks with plans to continue to do so for up to 5 years. Efficacy assessments included measures of polyneuropathy (modified Neuropathy Impairment Score +7 [mNIS+7]), quality of life, autonomic symptoms, nutritional status, disability, ambulation status, motor function, and cardiac stress, with analysis by study groups (APOLLO-placebo, APOLLO-patisiran, phase 2 OLE patisiran) based on allocation in the parent trial. The global OLE is ongoing with no new enrolment, and current findings are based on the interim analysis of the patients who had completed 12-month efficacy assessments as of the data cutoff. Safety analyses included all patients who received one or more dose of patisiran up to the data cutoff. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02510261. Findings Between July 13, 2015, and Aug 21, 2017, of 212 eligible patients, 211 were enrolled: 137 patients from the APOLLO-patisiran group, 49 from the APOLLO-placebo group, and 25 from the phase 2 OLE patisiran group. At the data cutoff on Sept 24, 2018, 126 (92%) of 137 patients from the APOLLO-patisiran group, 38 (78%) of 49 from the APOLLO-placebo group, and 25 (100%) of 25 from the phase 2 OLE patisiran group had completed 12-month assessments. At 12 months, improvements in mNIS+7 with patisiran were sustained from parent study baseline with treatment in the global OLE (APOLLO-patisiran mean change -4.0, 95 % CI -7.7 to -0.3; phase 2 OLE patisiran -4.7, -11.9 to 2.4). Mean mNIS+7 score improved from global OLE enrolment in the APOLLO-placebo group (mean change from global OLE enrolment -1.4, 95% CI -6.2 to 3.5). Overall, 204 (97%) of 211 patients reported adverse events, 82 (39%) reported serious adverse events, and there were 23 (11%) deaths. Serious adverse events were more frequent in the APOLLO-placebo group (28 [57%] of 49) than in the APOLLO-patisiran (48 [35%] of 137) or phase 2 OLE patisiran (six [24%] of 25) groups. The most common treatment-related adverse event was mild or moderate infusion-related reactions. The frequency of deaths in the global OLE was higher in the APOLLO-placebo group (13 [27%] of 49), who had a higher disease burden than the APOLLO-patisiran (ten [7%] of 137) and phase 2 OLE patisiran (0 of 25) groups. Interpretation In this interim 12-month analysis of the ongoing global OLE study, patisiran appeared to maintain efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Continued long-term follow-up will be important for the overall assessment of safety and efficacy with patisiran. Copyright (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 28.
    Adams, David
    et al.
    CHU Bicêtre, APHP, French Reference Centre For FAP (NNERF), LE KREMLIN-BICETRE, France.
    Suhr, Ole B.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Conceicao, Isabel
    Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-Hospital de Santa Maria, Department of Neurology, Lisbon, Portugal.
    Waddington-Cruz, Marcia
    Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
    Schmidt, Hartmut
    University Hospital of Münster, Department of Transplantation, Münster, Germany.
    Buades, Juan
    Hospital Son Llatzer, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
    Campistol, Josep
    Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Instituto Clinic de Nefrologia y Urologia (ICNU), Barcelona, Spain.
    Coehlo, Teresa
    Hospital de Santo Antonio, Unidade Clinica de Paramiloidose, Porto, Portugal.
    Phase 2 open-label extention (OLE) study of patisiran, an investigational siRNA agent for familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP)2015In: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, E-ISSN 1750-1172, Vol. 10, article id O20Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is a progressive and fatal, autosomal dominant disease caused by deposition of mutant and wild-type transthyretin (TTR). Patisiran is an investigational, systemically administered lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting wild-type and mutant TTR. This formulation delivers the siRNA predominantly to the liver, thereby inhibiting synthesis of TTR at the primary site of production. A recently completed multi-center, multi-dose Phase 2 trial of patisiran in FAP patients (N=29) showed >80% sustained mean knockdown of serum TTR when administered at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg every 3 weeks with a generally favorable safety profile (Suhr O, ISA 2014).

    Methods: A Phase 2 open-label extension (OLE) study of patisiran in patients with FAP who participated in the aforementioned trial, was initiated in October 2013. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of 0.3 mg/kg patisiran administered intravenously once every 3 weeks for up to 2 years. Secondary objectives include assessment of patisiran's effect on serum TTR levels, as well as evaluation every 6 months of its impact on clinical measures, including the mNIS+7 composite neurologic impairment score and quality of life (QOL).

    Results: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled; median age 64 years (range: 29-77 years). Chronic dosing with patisiran has been generally well tolerated. Three patients experienced serious adverse events unrelated to study drug. Flushing and infusion-related reactions were observed in 22.2% and 18.5% of the patients, respectively; these were mild in severity, and did not result in any discontinuations. Sustained mean serum TTR lowering of approximately 80% was achieved, with further mean nadir of up to 88% between doses for approximately 16 months. Stabilization of quality of life (QOL) measures was observed. Among the 20 evaluable patients at the time of data cutoff, neuropathy impairment scores were stable through 12 months with a mean change in mNIS+7 and NIS of -2.5 and 0.4 points, respectively; this compares favorably to the 10-18 point increase in neurologic impairment scores estimated at 12 months from prior FAP studies in a patient population with similar baseline NIS.

    Conclusion: Data from this Phase 2 OLE study demonstrate that 12-months of patisiran administration was well-tolerated, resulted in sustained mean serum TTR lowering, and has the potential to halt neuropathy progression. As of March 2015, dosing continues for all patients; 18-month results will be presented.

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  • 29. Adams, David
    et al.
    Suhr, Ole B.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Hund, Ernst
    Obici, Laura
    Tournev, Ivailo
    Campistol, Josep M.
    Slama, Michel S.
    Hazenberg, Bouke P.
    Coelho, Teresa
    First European consensus for diagnosis, management, and treatment of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy2016In: Current Opinion in Neurology, ISSN 1350-7540, E-ISSN 1473-6551, Vol. 29, p. S14-S26Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose of review Early and accurate diagnosis of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) represents one of the major challenges faced by physicians when caring for patients with idiopathic progressive neuropathy. There is little consensus in diagnostic and management approaches across Europe. Recent findings The low prevalence of TTR-FAP across Europe and the high variation in both genotype and phenotypic expression of the disease means that recognizing symptoms can be difficult outside of a specialized diagnostic environment. The resulting delay in diagnosis and the possibility of misdiagnosis can misguide clinical decision-making and negatively impact subsequent treatment approaches and outcomes. Summary This review summarizes the findings from two meetings of the European Network for TTR-FAP (ATTReuNET). This is an emerging group comprising representatives from 10 European countries with expertise in the diagnosis and management of TTR-FAP, including nine National Reference Centres. The current review presents management strategies and a consensus on the gold standard for diagnosis of TTR-FAP as well as a structured approach to ongoing multidisciplinary care for the patient. Greater communication, not just between members of an individual patient's treatment team, but also between regional and national centres of expertise, is the key to the effective management of TTR-FAP.

  • 30. Adams, David
    et al.
    Suhr, Ole
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Conceicao, Isabel
    Waddington-Cruz, Marcia
    Schmidt, Hartmut
    Buades, Juan
    Campistol, Josep
    Pouget, Jean
    Berk, John
    Coelho, Teresa
    Phase 2 open-label extension study of patisiran, an investigational RNAi therapeutic for the treatment of familial amyloid polyneuropathy2015In: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, ISSN 0022-3050, E-ISSN 1468-330X, Vol. 86, no 11Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Adane, Daniel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Effectiveness of PMTCT programs in Sub-Saharan Africa, a meta-analysis2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 32.
    Adcock, Joanna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences. Overseas Development Institute, London, UK.
    Fottrell, Edward
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    The North-South information highway: case studies of publication access among health researchers in resource-poor countries2008In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Less than 2% of scientific publications originate in low-income countries. Transfer of information from South to North and from South to South is grossly limited and hinders understanding of global health, while Northern-generated information fails to adequately address the needs of a Southern readership.

    Methods: A survey of a new generation of health researchers from nine low-income countries was conducted using a combination of email questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Data were gathered on personal experiences, use and aspirations regarding access and contribution to published research.

    Results: A total of 23 individuals from 9 countries responded. Preference for journal use over textbooks was apparent, however a preference for print over online formats was described among African respondents compared to respondents from other areas. Almost all respondents (96%) described ambition to publish in international journals, but cited English language as a significant barrier.

    Conclusion: The desire to contribute to and utilise contemporary scientific debate appears to be strong among study respondents. However, longstanding barriers

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    The North-South information highway: case studies of publication access among health researchers in resource-poor countries
  • 33.
    Adelphine, Ishimwe
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Road traffic injuries in Rwanda:: A study protocol of trend and prevalence in Kigali city.2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Road traffic injuries constitute the health burden all over the World. Every year more than a million people are killed and 50 million are injured as a result of road unsafety. The cost of dealing with associated consequences is even greater than many infectious diseases, since it runs to billions dollars every year. This issue is particularly alarming in the developing World, but African region is more affected than others continents.

    Rwanda is facing similar problems as other developing countries in terms of road traffic injuries. Apart from environment factors, vehicles conditions and human risky behaviours, the ignorance of road users is the major leading cause of many road traffic crashes. As many studies revealed, road accident is a preventable issue. Improvement of road safety by commitment of governments and population engagement, it is possible to save a significant number of lives.

    Objective: Since a decade of action for road safety has been launched by the World health organization in 2010, the government of Rwanda fixed a target of road fatality reduction of 50% by 2015. The aim of this study is to identify the change of road traffic accidents over a period of ten years (2005- 2015).

    Method: This write-up is a study protocol. A quantitative retrospective study involving secondary data analysis will be described. Information will be collected in the capital city of the Rwanda, since it has been identified as the most affected by road accidents. Data will be gathered from traffic Police records because it has the responsibility to collect all data related to traffic accidents in the country. Due to underreporting of some accidents, hospital records will be used to deal with that underestimation issue. Further later, data will be analysed and the estimation of the trend will be achieved by using multi linear regression. The trend analysis of change in number of deaths and injuries will be conducted. This information will be useful to localize where more effort is needed and how can be achieved. The result might be used by different organization in charge of transport safety, to improve countermeasures designed to tackle road accidents. 

  • 34. Aden, A S
    et al.
    Brännström, Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Mohamud, K A
    Persson, Lars-Åke
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Wall, Stig
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    The growth chart - a road to health chart?: Maternal comprehension of the growth chart in two Somali villages1990In: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, ISSN 0269-5022, E-ISSN 1365-3016, Vol. 4, no 3, p. 340-350Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Growth monitoring is so far not implemented on a large scale in the Somali health services. Available reports indicate that growth faltering is common. However, the use of growth charts as a tool for health education has been questioned. This study examines the ability of 199, predominantly illiterate, rural Somali mothers to understand the growth chart message after an intensive period of growth chart use and education. During a home-based interview the mothers were asked to combine a set of four growth curves with a set of four pictures, showing the corresponding developments of four children. The mothers managed significantly better to interpret the charts than could be expected by chance alone. Maternal age, number of children and literacy did not differ much between those who correctly and incorrectly combined pictures and charts. Almost all mothers recognised the value of the growth chart as being good for the control and promotion of their children's health and/or growth. We conclude that the growth chart may be an applicable and appropriate tool even with illiterate mothers, provided that other prerequisites for successful growth monitoring, e.g. appropriate health services, are available.

  • 35.
    Adermark, Louise
    et al.
    Dept of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Dept of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Galanti, Maria Rosaria
    Dept of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ryk, Charlotta
    Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU), Stockholm, Sweden.
    Gilljam, Hans
    Dept of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hedman, Linnea
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health. Dept of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
    Prospective association between use of electronic cigarettes and use of conventional cigarettes: A systematic review and meta-analysis2021In: ERJ Open Research, E-ISSN 2312-0541, Vol. 7, no 3, article id 00976-2020Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between e-cigarette use and subsequent initiation or recurrence of cigarette smoking.

    Data sources: A systematic literature search was finalised on 11 November 2019 using PubMed (including MEDLINE), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed Health, NICE Evidence Search, PROSPERO, CRD and PsycInfo.

    Study selection: Studies were included if meeting the following criteria: reporting empirical results; longitudinal observational design with a minimum of 3 months of follow-up; including general population samples; allowing for the comparison between users and nonusers of e-cigarettes. Studies rated as having high risk of bias were excluded. Studies were independently assessed by at least two authors. The procedures described by PRISMA were followed, and the quality of evidence was rated using GRADE.

    Data synthesis: 30 longitudinal studies from 22 different cohorts assessing e-cigarette use among nonsmokers or never-smokers at baseline, and subsequent use of cigarette smoking at follow-up, were included in this review. A random-effects meta-analysis based on 89076 participants showed a pooled unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of cigarette smoking among baseline nonsmoker e-cigarette users compared with nonusers of 4.68 (CI 3.64–6.02), while the adjusted OR was 3.37 (CI 2.68–4.24). These results were consistent irrespective of whether the outcome was measured as ever-smoking or as past 30-day smoking. The evidence was graded as moderate.

    Conclusions: Use of e-cigarettes may predict the initiation or recurrence of cigarette smoking.

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  • 36. Adlard, B.
    et al.
    Donaldson, S. G.
    Odland, J. O.
    Weihe, P.
    Berner, J.
    Carlsen, A.
    Bonefeld-Jorgensen, E. C.
    Dudarev, A. A.
    Gibson, J. C.
    Krümmel, E. M.
    Olafsdottir, K.
    Abass, K.
    Rautio, A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Mulvad, G.
    Future directions for monitoring and human health research for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme2018In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 11, no 1, article id 1480084Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For the last two and a half decades, a network of human health experts under the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) has produced several human health assessment reports. These reports have provided a base of scientific knowledge regarding environmental contaminants and their impact on human health in the Arctic. These reports provide scientific information and policy-relevant recommendations to Arctic governments. They also support international agreements such as the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Key topics discussed in this paper regarding future human health research in the circumpolar Arctic are continued contaminant biomonitoring, health effects research and risk communication. The objective of this paper is to describe knowledge gaps and future priorities for these fields.

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  • 37.
    Adlard, Bryan
    et al.
    Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada.
    Lemire, Mélanie
    Axe Santé Des Populations Et Pratiques Optimales En Santé, Centre De Recherche Du CHU De Québec, QC, Québec, Canada; Département De Médecine Sociale Et Préventive, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada.
    Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva C.
    Center for Arctic Health Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Greenland Center for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland.
    Long, Manhai
    Center for Arctic Health Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
    Ólafsdóttir, Kristín
    Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Odland, Jon O.
    Institute of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; International Research Laboratory for Reproductive Ecotoxicology (IL RET), The National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.
    Rautio, Arja
    Thule Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, University of Arctic, Oulu, Finland.
    Myllynen, Päivi
    Laboratory Centre Nordlab, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
    Sandanger, Torkjel M.
    Environmental Chemistry Department, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, the Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Community Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.
    Dudarev, Alexey A.
    Department, Arctic Environmental Health, Northwest Public Health Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Berner, James
    Department of Environment and Health, Division of Community Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, AK, Anchorage, United States.
    Ayotte, Pierre
    Axe Santé Des Populations Et Pratiques Optimales En Santé, Centre De Recherche Du CHU De Québec, QC, Québec, Canada; Département De Médecine Sociale Et Préventive, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada; Centre De Toxicologie, Institut National De Santé Publique Du Québec, QC, Québec, Canada.
    MercuNorth–monitoring mercury in pregnant women from the Arctic as a baseline to assess the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention2021In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health, ISSN 1239-9736, E-ISSN 2242-3982, Vol. 80, no 1, article id 1881345Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Exposure to mercury (Hg) is a global concern, particularly among Arctic populations that rely on the consumption of marine mammals and fish which are the main route of Hg exposure for Arctic populations.The MercuNorth project was created to establish baseline Hg levels across several Arctic regions during the period preceding the Minamata Convention. Blood samples were collected from 669 pregnant women, aged 18–44 years, between 2010 and 2016 from sites across the circumpolar Arctic including Alaska (USA), Nunavik (Canada), Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Northern Lapland (Finland) and Murmansk Oblast (Russia). Descriptive statistics were calculated, multiple pairwise comparisons were made between regions, and unadjusted linear trend analyses were performed.Geometric mean concentrations of total Hg were highest in Nunavik (5.20 µg/L)  and Greenland (3.79 µg/L), followed by Alaska (2.13 µg/L), with much lower concentrations observed in the other regions (ranged between 0.48 and 1.29 µg/L). In Nunavik, Alaska and Greenland, blood Hg concentrations have decreased significantly since 1992, 2000 and 2010 respectively with % annual decreases of 4.7%, 7.5% and 2.7%, respectively.These circumpolar data combined with fish and marine mammal consumption data can be used for assessing long-term Hg trends and the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention.

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  • 38.
    Adler, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Cryptosporidium hominis in children-symptoms and risk factors. Data from a large water-borne outbreak in Sweden.2014Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 39. Adler, Sara
    et al.
    Widerström, Micael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Lindh, Johan
    Lilja, Mikael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Symptoms and risk factors of Cryptosporidium hominis infection in children: data from a large waterborne outbreak in Sweden2017In: Parasitology Research, ISSN 0932-0113, E-ISSN 1432-1955, Vol. 116, no 10, p. 2613-2618Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cryptosporidium is a major cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. In developing countries, this infection is endemic and in children, associated with growth faltering and cognitive function deficits, with the most severe impact on those aged <2 years. Little has been reported about symptoms and risk factors for children in industrialized countries, although the disease incidence is increasing in such regions. In November 2010, a large waterborne outbreak of C. hominis occurred in the city of Östersund in Sweden. Approximately 27,000 of the 60,000 inhabitants were symptomatic. We aimed to describe duration of symptoms and the risk factors for infection with C. hominis in children aged <15 years in a Western setting. Within 2 months after a boil water advisory, a questionnaire was sent to randomly selected inhabitants of all ages, including 753 children aged <15 years. Those with ≥3 loose stools/day were defined as cases of diarrhoea. The response rate was 70.3%, and 211 children (39.9%) fulfilled the case definition. Mean duration of diarrhoea was 7.5 days (median 6, range 1-80 days). Recurrence, defined as a new episode of diarrhoea after ≥2 days of normal stools, occurred in 52.5% of the cases. Significant risk factors for infection, besides living within the distribution area of the contaminated water plant, included a high level of water consumption, male sex, and a previous history of loose stools. The outbreak was characterized by high attack and recurrence rates, emphasizing the necessity of water surveillance to prevent future outbreaks.

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  • 40. Adrian, L.
    et al.
    Svanes, C.
    Johannessen, A.
    Lodge, C.
    Bertelsen, R.
    Dratva, J.
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Gislason, T.
    Benedikstdottir, B.
    Holm, M.
    Jogi, R.
    Modig, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Norback, D.
    Omenaas, E.
    Real, F.
    Schlunssen, V
    Sigsgaard, T.
    Skorge, T.
    Timm, S.
    Wieslander, G.
    Janson, C.
    Dharmage, S.
    Early life parental exposure to cats and dogs reduces the risk of allergic disease in their children: possible intergenerational effect2014In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0105-4538, E-ISSN 1398-9995, Vol. 69, no Supplement: 99, p. 577-578Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 41. Afari-Asiedu, Samuel
    et al.
    Kinsman, John
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Boamah-Kaali, Ellen
    Abdulai, Martha Ali
    Gyapong, Margaret
    Sankoh, Osman
    Hulscher, Marlies
    Asante, Kwaku Poku
    Wertheim, Heiman
    To sell or not to sell; the differences between regulatory and community demands regarding access to antibiotics in rural Ghana2018In: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, E-ISSN 2052-3211, Vol. 11, article id 30Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In Ghana, there is extensive over-the-counter dispensing of antibiotics, resulting in high levels of inappropriate use, and an increase in antibiotic resistance. Regulations prevent Licenced Chemical Sellers (LCS, Over-the-Counter Medicine Sellers) from selling antibiotics other than Cotrimoxazole. In practice, however, these sellers sell a variety of antibiotics. This paper aims to provide insight into the differences between regulatory and community demands on the sale of antibiotics, and to explore how these differences in demand could be resolved to facilitate safe and appropriate use of antibiotics in rural Ghana.

    Methods: A total of 32 in-depth interviews were conducted in the Kintampo North and South Districts in Ghana; 16 among antibiotic suppliers, predominantly LCS, and 16 among community members. Six focus group discussions were also conducted among 40 community members. Data were coded using Nvivo 10 and thematically analyzed in line with study objectives. The results are presented as narratives with quotes to illustrate the findings.

    Results: Generally, antibiotic suppliers were aware that regulations prevent LCS from selling antibiotics except Cotrimoxazole. However, LCS sell all types of antibiotics because of community demand, economic motivations of LCS, and the poor implementation of regulations that are intended to prevent them from selling these medications. Factors that influence community demand for antibiotics include previous knowledge of effectiveness of some antibiotics, delays in seeking care at health facilities, financial constraints, and distance to health facilities. LCS suggested that they should be trained and allowed to sell some types of antibiotics instead of being prevented completely from selling. Community members also suggested that Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) compounds should be equipped to dispense antibiotics.

    Conclusion: The sale of antibiotics by LCS at the community level is influenced by both structural and individual contextual factors. There is a need to educate community members on the appropriate access and use of antibiotics in rural Ghana. In addition, rather than enforcing rules that go against practice, it may be more effective to regulate the sale of antibiotics by LCS and train them to make their dispensing more appropriate. CHPS compound could also be equipped to dispense some antibiotics to improve appropriate antibiotic access at the community level.

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  • 42. Afshin, Ashkan
    et al.
    Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.
    Reitsma, Marissa B.
    Sur, Patrick
    Estep, Kara
    Lee, Alex
    Marczak, Laurie
    Mokdad, Ali H.
    Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
    Naghavi, Mohsen
    Salama, Joseph S.
    Vos, Theo
    Abate, Kalkidan H.
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    Ahmed, Muktar B.
    Al-Aly, Ziyad
    Alkerwi, Ala'a
    Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
    Amare, Azmeraw T.
    Amberbir, Alemayehu
    Amegah, Adeladza K.
    Amini, Erfan
    Amrock, Stephen M.
    Anjana, Ranjit M.
    Arnlov, Johan
    Asayesh, Hamid
    Banerjee, Amitava
    Barac, Aleksandra
    Baye, Estifanos
    Bennett, Derrick A.
    Beyene, Addisu S.
    Biadgilign, Sibhatu
    Biryukov, Stan
    Bjertness, Espen
    Boneya, Dube J.
    Campos-Nonato, Ismael
    Carrero, Juan J.
    Cecilio, Pedro
    Cercy, Kelly
    Ciobanu, Liliana G.
    Cornaby, Leslie
    Damtew, Solomon A.
    Dandona, Lalit
    Dandona, Rakhi
    Dharmaratne, Samath D.
    Duncan, Bruce B.
    Eshrati, Babak
    Esteghamati, Alireza
    Feigin, Valery L.
    Fernandes, Joao C.
    Furst, Thomas
    Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye T.
    Gold, Audra
    Gona, Philimon N.
    Goto, Atsushi
    Habtewold, Tesfa D.
    Hadush, Kokeb T.
    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
    Hay, Simon I.
    Horino, Masako
    Islami, Farhad
    Kamal, Ritul
    Kasaeian, Amir
    Katikireddi, Srinivasa V.
    Kengne, Andre P.
    Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan N.
    Khader, Yousef S.
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Khubchandani, Jagdish
    Kim, Daniel
    Kim, Yun J.
    Kinfu, Yohannes
    Kosen, Soewarta
    Ku, Tiffany
    Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
    Kumar, G. Anil
    Larson, Heidi J.
    Leinsalu, Mall
    Liang, Xiaofeng
    Lim, Stephen S.
    Liu, Patrick
    Lopez, Alan D.
    Lozano, Rafael
    Majeed, Azeem
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Malta, Deborah C.
    Mazidi, Mohsen
    McAlinden, Colm
    McGarvey, Stephen T.
    Mengistu, Desalegn T.
    Mensah, George A.
    Mensink, Gert B. M.
    Mezgebe, Haftay B.
    Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.
    Mueller, Ulrich O.
    Noubiap, Jean J.
    Obermeyer, Carla M.
    Ogbo, Felix A.
    Owolabi, Mayowa O.
    Patton, George C.
    Pourmalek, Farshad
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Rafay, Anwar
    Rai, Rajesh K.
    Ranabhat, Chhabi L.
    Reinig, Nikolas
    Safiri, Saeid
    Salomon, Joshua A.
    Sanabria, Juan R.
    Santos, Itamar S.
    Sartorius, Benn
    Sawhney, Monika
    Schmidhuber, Josef
    Schutte, Aletta E.
    Schmidt, Maria I.
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
    Shamsizadeh, Moretza
    Sheikhbahaei, Sara
    Shin, Min-Jeong
    Shiri, Rahman
    Shiue, Ivy
    Roba, Hirbo S.
    Silva, Diego A. S.
    Silverberg, Jonathan I.
    Singh, Jasvinder A.
    Stranges, Saverio
    Swaminathan, Soumya
    Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
    Tadese, Fentaw
    Tedla, Bemnet A.
    Tegegne, Balewgizie S.
    Terkawi, Abdullah S.
    Thakur, J. S.
    Tonelli, Marcello
    Topor-Madry, Roman
    Tyrovolas, Stefanos
    Ukwaja, Kingsley N.
    Uthman, Olalekan A.
    Vaezghasemi, Masoud
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Vasankari, Tommi
    Vlassov, Vasiliy V.
    Vollset, Stein E.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Werdecker, Andrea
    Wesana, Joshua
    Westerman, Ronny
    Yano, Yuichiro
    Yonemoto, Naohiro
    Yonga, Gerald
    Zaidi, Zoubida
    Zenebe, Zerihun M.
    Zipkin, Ben
    Murray, Christopher J. L.
    Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years2017In: New England Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0028-4793, E-ISSN 1533-4406, Vol. 377, no 1, p. 13-27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND Although the rising pandemic of obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remain uncertain. METHODS We analyzed data from 68.5 million persons to assess the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adults between 1980 and 2015. Using the Global Burden of Disease study data and methods, we also quantified the burden of disease related to high body-mass index (BMI), according to age, sex, cause, and BMI in 195 countries between 1990 and 2015. RESULTS In 2015, a total of 107.7 million children and 603.7 million adults were obese. Since 1980, the prevalence of obesity has doubled in more than 70 countries and has continuously increased in most other countries. Although the prevalence of obesity among children has been lower than that among adults, the rate of increase in childhood obesity in many countries has been greater than the rate of increase in adult obesity. High BMI accounted for 4.0 million deaths globally, nearly 40% of which occurred in persons who were not obese. More than two thirds of deaths related to high BMI were due to cardiovascular disease. The disease burden related to high BMI has increased since 1990; however, the rate of this increase has been attenuated owing to decreases in underlying rates of death from cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS The rapid increase in the prevalence and disease burden of elevated BMI highlights the need for continued focus on surveillance of BMI and identification, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions to address this problem. 

  • 43. Afshin, Ashkan
    et al.
    Sur, Patrick John
    Fay, Kairsten A.
    Cornaby, Leslie
    Ferrara, Giannina
    Salama, Joseph S.
    Mullany, Erin C.
    Abate, Kalkidan Hassen
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    Abebe, Zegeye
    Afarideh, Mohsen
    Aggarwal, Anju
    Agrawal, Sutapa
    Akinyemiju, Tomi
    Alahdab, Fares
    Bacha, Umar
    Bachman, Victoria F.
    Badali, Hamid
    Badawi, Alaa
    Bensenor, Isabela M.
    Bernabe, Eduardo
    Biryukov, Stan H.
    Biadgilign, Sibhatu Kassa K.
    Cahill, Leah E.
    Carrero, Juan J.
    Cercy, Kelly M.
    Dandona, Lalit
    Dandona, Rakhi
    Dang, Anh Kim
    Degefa, Meaza Girma
    Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
    Esteghamati, Alireza
    Esteghamati, Sadaf
    Fanzo, Jessica
    Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa
    Farvid, Maryam S.
    Farzadfar, Farshad
    Feigin, Valery L.
    Fernandes, Joao C.
    Flor, Luisa Sorio
    Foigt, Nataliya A.
    Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.
    Ganji, Morsaleh
    Geleijnse, Johanna M.
    Gillum, Richard F.
    Goulart, Alessandra C.
    Grosso, Giuseppe
    Guessous, Idris
    Hamidi, Samer
    Hankey, Graeme J.
    Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai
    Hassen, Hamid Yimam
    Hay, Simon I.
    Hoang, Chi Linh
    Horino, Masako
    Islami, Farhad
    Jackson, Maria D.
    James, Spencer L.
    Johansson, Lars
    Jonas, Jost B.
    Kasaeian, Amir
    Khader, Yousef Saleh
    Khalil, Ibrahim A.
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Kimokoti, Ruth W.
    Kokubo, Yoshihiro
    Kumar, G. Anil
    Lallukka, Tea
    Lopez, Alan D.
    Lorkowski, Stefan
    Lotufo, Paulo A.
    Lozano, Rafael
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Marz, Winfried
    Meier, Toni
    Melaku, Yohannes A.
    Mendoza, Walter
    Mensink, Gert B. M.
    Micha, Renata
    Miller, Ted R.
    Mirarefin, Mojde
    Mohan, Viswanathan
    Mokdad, Ali H.
    Mozaffarian, Dariush
    Nagel, Gabriele
    Naghavi, Mohsen
    Nguyen, Cuong Tat
    Nixon, Molly R.
    Ong, Kanyin L.
    Pereira, David M.
    Poustchi, Hossein
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Rai, Rajesh Kumar
    Razo-Garcia, Christian
    Rehm, Colin D.
    Rivera, Juan A.
    Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia
    Roshandel, Gholamreza
    Roth, Gregory A.
    Sanabria, Juan
    Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G.
    Sartorius, Benn
    Schmidhuber, Josef
    Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
    Shin, Min-Jeong
    Sorensen, Reed J. D.
    Springmann, Marco
    Szponar, Lucjan
    Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L.
    Thrift, Amanda G.
    Touvier, Mathilde
    Tran, Bach Xuan
    Tyrovolas, Stefanos
    Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna
    Ullah, Irfan
    Uthman, Olalekan A.
    Vaezghasemi, Masoud
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
    Vollset, Stein Emil
    Vos, Theo
    Vu, Giang Thu
    Vu, Linh Gia
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Werdecker, Andrea
    Wijeratne, Tissa
    Willett, Walter C.
    Wu, Jason H.
    Xu, Gelin
    Yonemoto, Naohiro
    Yu, Chuanhua
    Murray, Christopher J. L.
    Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 20172019In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 393, no 10184, p. 1958-1972Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Suboptimal diet is an important preventable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs); however, its impact on the burden of NCDs has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of major foods and nutrients across 195 countries and to quantify the impact of their suboptimal intake on NCD mortality and morbidity.

    Methods: By use of a comparative risk assessment approach, we estimated the proportion of disease-specific burden attributable to each dietary risk factor (also referred to as population attributable fraction) among adults aged 25 years or older. The main inputs to this analysis included the intake of each dietary factor, the effect size of the dietary factor on disease endpoint, and the level of intake associated with the lowest risk of mortality. Then, by use of diseasespecific population attributable fractions, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), we calculated the number of deaths and DALYs attributable to diet for each disease outcome.

    Findings: In 2017, 11 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 10-12) deaths and 255 million (234-274) DALYs were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium (3 million [1-5] deaths and 70 million [34-118] DALYs), low intake of whole grains (3 million [2-4] deaths and 82 million [59-109] DALYs), and low intake of fruits (2 million [1-4] deaths and 65 million [41-92] DALYs) were the leading dietary risk factors for deaths and DALYs globally and in many countries. Dietary data were from mixed sources and were not available for all countries, increasing the statistical uncertainty of our estimates.

    Interpretation: This study provides a comprehensive picture of the potential impact of suboptimal diet on NCD mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for improving diet across nations. Our findings will inform implementation of evidence-based dietary interventions and provide a platform for evaluation of their impact on human health annually.

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  • 44. Agardh, Anette
    et al.
    Emmelin, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Muriisa, Robert
    Östergren, Per-Olof
    Social capital and sexual behavior among Ugandan university students2010In: Global health action, ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In general, social capital was associated with less risky sexual behavior in our sample. However, gender and role of religion modified the effect so that we can not assume that risky sexual behavior is automatically reduced by increasing social capital in a highly religious society. The findings indicate the importance of understanding the interplay between social capital, religious influence, and gender issues in HIV/AIDS preventive strategies in Uganda.

  • 45. Agca, R.
    et al.
    Heslinga, S. C.
    Rollefstad, S.
    Heslinga, M.
    McInnes, B.
    Peters, M. J. L.
    Kvien, T. K.
    Dougados, M.
    Radner, H.
    Atzeni, F.
    Primdahl, J.
    Södergren, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology.
    Wållberg Jonsson, Solveig
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology.
    van Rompay, J.
    Zabalan, C.
    Pedersen, T. R.
    Jacobsson, L.
    de Vlam, K.
    Gonzalez-Gay, M. A.
    Semb, A. G.
    Kitas, G. D.
    Smulders, Y. M.
    Szekanecz, Z.
    Sattar, N.
    Symmons, D. P. M.
    Nurmohamed, M. T.
    EULAR recommendations for cardiovascular disease risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory joint disorders: 2015/2016 update2017In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, ISSN 0003-4967, E-ISSN 1468-2060, Vol. 76, no 1, p. 17-28Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory joint disorders (IJD) have increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk compared with the general population. In 2009, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) taskforce recommended screening, identification of CVD risk factors and CVD risk management largely based on expert opinion. In view of substantial new evidence, an update was conducted with the aim of producing CVD risk management recommendations for patients with IJD that now incorporates an increasing evidence base. A multidisciplinary steering committee (representing 13 European countries) comprised 26 members including patient representatives, rheumatologists, cardiologists, internists, epidemiologists, a health professional and fellows. Systematic literature searches were performed and evidence was categorised according to standard guidelines. The evidence was discussed and summarised by the experts in the course of a consensus finding and voting process. Three overarching principles were defined. First, there is a higher risk for CVD in patients with RA, and this may also apply to ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. Second, the rheumatologist is responsible for CVD risk management in patients with IJD. Third, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids should be in accordance with treatment-specific recommendations from EULAR and Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society. Ten recommendations were defined, of which one is new and six were changed compared with the 2009 recommendations. Each designated an appropriate evidence support level. The present update extends on the evidence that CVD risk in the whole spectrum of IJD is increased. This underscores the need for CVD risk management in these patients. These recommendations are defined to provide assistance in CVD risk management in IJD, based on expert opinion and scientific evidence.

  • 46. Agca, Rabia
    et al.
    Heslinga, Sjoerd C.
    Rollefstad, S.
    Heslinga, S.
    Södergren, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Semb, A. G.
    Kitas, George D.
    Sattar, Naveed
    Nurmohamed, Michael T.
    Response to: "Influence of changes in cholesterol levels and disease activity on the 10-year cardiovascular risk estimated with different algorithms in rheumatoid arthritis patients" by Fornaro et al2020In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, ISSN 0003-4967, E-ISSN 1468-2060, Vol. 79, no 9, article id e105Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 47. Agewall, Stefan
    et al.
    Rydén, Lars
    Perk, Joep
    Rosengren, Annika
    Boman, Kurt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Skellefteå Research Unit.
    Hellénius, Mai-Lis
    Ros, Inger
    Efterlyses: politik mot hjärtinfarkt2013In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 110, no 13-14, p. 664-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 48.
    Aggett, Peter
    et al.
    Lancashire School of Health and Postgraduate Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom.
    Nordberg, Gunnar F.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Nordberg, Monica
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Essential metals: assessing risks from deficiency and toxicity2022In: Handbook on the toxicology of metals: volume I: general considerations / [ed] Gunnar F. Nordberg; Max Costa, London: Academic Press, 2022, 5, p. 385-406Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recommendations aimed at protecting the public from toxicity of essential elements including essential metals have usually been developed separately from those recommendations aimed at protection from deficiency. Because of the uncertainties involved in the evaluations, these recommendations have sometimes been in conflict, emphasizing the need for a new approach, including a balanced consideration of nutritional and toxicological data. In developing these new principles of evaluation, some basic concepts based on interindividual variability in sensitivity to deficiency and toxicity must be considered. Such variation translates into one interval of (low) daily intakes, at which there is a risk of developing deficiency, and another interval of (high) dietary intakes at which toxicity may occur. In most instances, there is a third set of intakes in between, which represents the acceptable range of oral intake (AROI), in which no adverse effects occur. This range determined from a homeostatic or biologically based (BBM) approach, which is discussed here, would be expected to apply to the general population. It must be noted, however, that this range would not protect all persons from adverse effects: this applies to those with genetically determined sensitivity, who may require higher intakes to avoid deficiency or lower intakes to avoid toxicity than those defined by the AROI. Nonetheless, AROI could be derived to protect 95% of the general human population from minimal adverse effects of deficiency or toxicity arising from inadequate and excessive intakes. As such the correspondence of these values to current Health-Based Guidance Values (HBGVs) and reference intakes of essential metals (EMs), and the roles of the BBM/Homeostatic Approach in Risk Assessment of EMs are of important public health interest.

  • 49. Aggett, Peter
    et al.
    Nordberg, Gunnar F
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Nordberg, Monica
    Essential metals: assessing risks from dificiency and toxicity2015In: Handbook on the toxicology of metals: Volume I: General considerations / [ed] Gunnar F. Nordberg, Bruce A. Fowler, Monica Nordberg, Academic Press, 2015, 4, p. 281-297Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recommendations aimed at protecting the public from toxicity of essential elements including essential metals have usually been developed separately from those recommendations aimed at protection from deficiency. Because of the uncertainties involved in the evaluations, these recommendations have sometimes been in conflict, emphasizing the need for a new approach, including a balanced consideration of nutritional and toxicological data. In developing these new principles of evaluation, some basic concepts based on interindividual variability in sensitivity to deficiency and toxicity must be considered. Such variation translates into one interval of (low) daily intakes, at which there is a risk of developing deficiency, and another interval of (high) dietary intakes at which toxicity may occur. In most instances, there is a third set of intakes in between, which represents the acceptable range of oral intake (AROI), in which no adverse effects occur. It must be noted, however, that a range cannot be found that protects all persons from adverse effects. Those persons with genetically determined sensitivity may require higher intakes to avoid deficiency or lower intakes to avoid toxicity than those defined by the AROI. The AROI is defined as protecting 95% of an unselected human population from minimal adverse effects of deficiency or toxicity.

  • 50. Aglago, Elom K.
    et al.
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Murphy, Neil
    Casagrande, Corinne
    Nicolas, Genevieve
    Pischon, Tobias
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Severi, Gianluca
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Fournier, Agnès
    Katzke, Verena
    Kühn, Tilman
    Olsen, Anja
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Overvad, Kim
    Lasheras, Cristina
    Agudo, Antonio
    Sánchez, Maria-Jose
    Amiano, Pilar
    Huerta, José Maria
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Karakatsani, Anna
    Martimianaki, Georgia
    Palli, Domenico
    Pala, Valeria
    Tumino, Rosario
    Naccarati, Alessio
    Panico, Salvatore
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
    May, Anne
    Derksen, Jeroen W. G.
    Hellstrand, Sophie
    Ohlsson, Bodil
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Skeie, Guri
    Brustad, Magritt
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Cross, Amanda J.
    Ward, Heather
    Riboli, Elio
    Norat, Teresa
    Chajes, Veronique
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Consumption of Fish and Long-chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Large European Cohort2020In: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ISSN 1542-3565, E-ISSN 1542-7714, p. 654-666Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND & AIMS: There is an unclear association between intake of fish and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC). We examined the association between fish consumption, dietary and circulating levels of n-3 LC-PUFAs, and ratio of n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA with CRC using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

    METHODS: Dietary intake of fish (total, fatty/oily, lean/white) and n-3 LC-PUFA were estimated by food frequency questionnaires given to 521,324 participants in the EPIC study; among these, 6291 individuals developed CRC (median follow up, 14.9 years). Levels of phospholipid LC-PUFA were measured by gas chromatography in plasma samples from a sub-group of 461 CRC cases and 461 matched individuals without CRC (controls). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs), respectively, with 95% CIs.

    RESULTS: Total intake of fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.96; Ptrend = .005), fatty fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98; Ptrend = .009), and lean fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-1.00; Ptrend = .016) were inversely associated with CRC incidence. Intake of total n-3 LC-PUFA (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.95; Ptrend = .010) was also associated with reduced risk of CRC, whereas dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA was associated with increased risk of CRC (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.18-1.45; Ptrend < .001). Plasma levels of phospholipid n-3 LC-PUFA was not associated with overall CRC risk, but an inverse trend was observed for proximal compared with distal colon cancer (Pheterogeneity = .026).

    CONCLUSIONS: In an analysis of dietary patterns of participants in the EPIC study, we found regular consumption of fish, at recommended levels, to be associated with a lower risk of CRC, possibly through exposure to n-3 LC-PUFA. Levels of n-3 LC-PUFA in plasma were not associated with CRC risk, but there may be differences in risk at different regions of the colon.

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