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  • 1.
    Adcock, Joanna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences. Overseas Development Institute, London, UK.
    Fottrell, Edward
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    The North-South information highway: case studies of publication access among health researchers in resource-poor countries2008In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Less than 2% of scientific publications originate in low-income countries. Transfer of information from South to North and from South to South is grossly limited and hinders understanding of global health, while Northern-generated information fails to adequately address the needs of a Southern readership.

    Methods: A survey of a new generation of health researchers from nine low-income countries was conducted using a combination of email questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Data were gathered on personal experiences, use and aspirations regarding access and contribution to published research.

    Results: A total of 23 individuals from 9 countries responded. Preference for journal use over textbooks was apparent, however a preference for print over online formats was described among African respondents compared to respondents from other areas. Almost all respondents (96%) described ambition to publish in international journals, but cited English language as a significant barrier.

    Conclusion: The desire to contribute to and utilise contemporary scientific debate appears to be strong among study respondents. However, longstanding barriers

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    The North-South information highway: case studies of publication access among health researchers in resource-poor countries
  • 2. Aden, A S
    et al.
    Brännström, Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Mohamud, K A
    Persson, Lars-Åke
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Wall, Stig
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    The growth chart - a road to health chart?: Maternal comprehension of the growth chart in two Somali villages1990In: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, ISSN 0269-5022, E-ISSN 1365-3016, Vol. 4, no 3, p. 340-350Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Growth monitoring is so far not implemented on a large scale in the Somali health services. Available reports indicate that growth faltering is common. However, the use of growth charts as a tool for health education has been questioned. This study examines the ability of 199, predominantly illiterate, rural Somali mothers to understand the growth chart message after an intensive period of growth chart use and education. During a home-based interview the mothers were asked to combine a set of four growth curves with a set of four pictures, showing the corresponding developments of four children. The mothers managed significantly better to interpret the charts than could be expected by chance alone. Maternal age, number of children and literacy did not differ much between those who correctly and incorrectly combined pictures and charts. Almost all mothers recognised the value of the growth chart as being good for the control and promotion of their children's health and/or growth. We conclude that the growth chart may be an applicable and appropriate tool even with illiterate mothers, provided that other prerequisites for successful growth monitoring, e.g. appropriate health services, are available.

  • 3. Aleman, J
    et al.
    Brännström, Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Liljestrand, J
    Peña, R
    Persson, L A
    Steidinger, J
    Saving more neonates in hospital: an intervention towards a sustainable reduction in neonatal mortality in a Nicaraguan hospital1998In: Tropical doctor, ISSN 0049-4755, E-ISSN 1758-1133, Vol. 28, no 2, p. 88-92Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A process of change was initiated in a Nicaraguan regional hospital in order to achieve a sustainable reduction of early neonatal mortality. A series of organizational, educational and hygienic measures was introduced, involving all staff in antenatal care, delivery care and neonatal care. Neonatal mortality decreased from 56/1000 live births in 1985 to 11/1000 in 1993. A commission of maternal and child health, a weekly perinatal audit, the active involvement of all staff and dedicated work of key individuals, as well as national policy decisions, are considered important determinants of the process. Keeping neonatal mortality in focus through continuous analysis of care routines, and through external exchange of ideas is important in order to sustain improvements and to decrease further the mortality.

  • 4. Ali, Mohammed
    et al.
    Asefaw, Teklehaimanot
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Beyene, Hagos
    Pedersen, F Karup
    Helping northern Ethiopian communities reduce childhood mortality: population-based intervention trial2005In: Bulletin of the World Health Organization, ISSN 0042-9686, E-ISSN 1564-0604, Vol. 83, no 1, p. 27-33Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 5. Anderson, M
    et al.
    Stecksén-Blicks, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Odontology, Pediatric Dentistry.
    Stenlund, Hans
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Ranggård, L
    Tsilingaridis, G
    Mejàre, I
    Detection of approximal caries in 5-year-old Swedish children2005In: Caries Research, Vol. 39, no 2, p. 92-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim was to assess how accurately some commonly used risk factors/risk markers (predictors) for caries development could identify children with and without approximal caries as judged from bitewing radiography. 267 consecutive 5-year-old children from two Swedish cities participated. Three experienced dentists examined the children. The predictors were the overall dmfs value (canines and molars), the number of occlusal dmfs, the frequency of intake of between meal sugary products, visible plaque on free smooth surfaces of second primary molars, toothbrushing habits, and (before bitewing examination) an overall judgement by the examining dentist. The mean dmfs without bitewing examination (BW) was 0.40 (SD = 1.22). Twelve percent of the children had at least one dentin lesion and 33 % at least one enamel lesion that were detected from BW only. The gain from adding BW to clinical examination amounted to a mean of 1.2 approximal enamel and/or dentin lesions. Results: The ability to correctly identify children with approximal caries from the predictors was limited; sensitivity ranged from 0.27 to 0.75 and specificity ranged from 0.41 to 0.93. The single best predictor was the dentist's overall judgement with an average precision of 73 %; average sensitivity for the presence of enamel and dentin lesions was 0.48 and for the presence of dentin lesions 0.66. The rest of the predictors added little to the predictive power. It is concluded that 33 % of the 5-year-olds, representing a low caries prevalence population, benefited from BW. The ability to identify these children from the predictors was, however, limited.

  • 6.
    Andersson, Tobias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Survival of mothers and their offspring in 19th century Sweden and contemporary rural Ethiopia2000Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Appel, Monika
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Bergenheim, Åsa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Historical Studies.
    Reflekterande forskarhandledning: om samarbetet mellan handledare och doktorand2005Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 8. Ascher, H
    et al.
    Hernell, Olle
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Ivarsson, Anneli
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Kristiansson, B
    Lindberg, T
    Stenhammar, L
    [Infant food and celiac disease. Risk of increase when changing the diet]1994In: Lakartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, Vol. 91, no 49, p. 4641-3Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Asplund, Kjell
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Janlert, Urban
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Stegmayr, Birgitta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    [What the MONICA project has taught us about cardiovascular diseases--society, public health and health care]2006In: Lakartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, Vol. 103, no 40, p. 3006-11Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 10. Backhans, Mona Christina
    et al.
    Burström, Bo
    Lindholm, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Månsdotter, Anna
    Pioneers and laggards: Is the effect of gender equality on health dependent on context?2009In: Social Science and Medicine, ISSN 0277-9536, E-ISSN 1873-5347, Vol. 68, p. 1388-1395Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study combines data at individual and area level to examine interactions between equality within couples and gender equality in the municipality in which individuals live. The research question is whether the context impacts on the association between gender equality and health. The material consists of data on 37,423 men and 37,616 women in 279 Swedish municipalities, who had their first child in 1978. The couples were classified according to indicators of their level of gender equality in 1980 in the public sphere (occupation and income) and private sphere (child care leave and parental leave) compared to that of their municipality. The health outcome is compensated days from sickness insurance during 1986-1999 with a cut-off at the 85% percentile. Data were analysed using logistic regression with the overall odds as reference. The results concerning gender equality in the private sphere show that among fathers, those who are equal in an equal municipality have lower levels of sick leave than the average while laggards (less equal than their municipality) and modest laggards have higher levels. In the public sphere, pioneers (more equal t han their municipality) fare better than the average while laggards fare worse. For mothers, those who are traditional in their roles in the public sphere are protected from high levels of sick leave, while the reverse is true for those who are equal. Traditional mothers in a traditional municipality have the lowest level of sick leave and pioneers the highest. These results show that there are distinct benefits as well as disadvantages to being a gender pioneer and/or a laggard in comparison to your municipality. The associations are markedly different for men and women.

  • 11. Baiden, Frank
    et al.
    Bawah, Ayaga
    Biai, Sidu
    Binka, Fred
    Boerma, Ties
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Chandramohan, Daniel
    Chatterji, Somnath
    Engmann, Cyril
    Greet, Dieltiens
    Jakob, Robert
    Kahn, Kathleen
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Kunii, Osamu
    Lopez, Alan D
    Murray, Christopher JL
    Nahlen, Bernard
    Rao, Chalapati
    Sankoh, Osman
    Setel, Philip W
    Shibuya, Kenji
    Soleman, Nadia
    Wright, Linda
    Yang, Gonghuan
    Setting international standards for verbal autopsy2007In: Bulletin of the World Health Organization, ISSN 0042-9686, E-ISSN 1564-0604, Vol. 85, no 8, p. 570-571Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 12. Bakhtadze, E
    et al.
    Borg, H
    Stenström, G
    Fernlund, P
    Arnqvist, H J
    Ekbom-Schnell, A
    Bolinder, J
    Eriksson, Jan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Gudbjörnsdottir, S
    Nyström, Lennarth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Groop, L C
    Sundkvist, G
    HLA-DQB1 genotypes, islet antibodies and beta cell function in the classification of recent-onset diabetes among young adults in the nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden.2006In: Diabetologia, ISSN 0012-186X, E-ISSN 1432-0428, Vol. 49, no 8, p. 1785-1794Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 13. Bakhtadze, E
    et al.
    Cervin, C
    Lindholm, E
    Borg, H
    Nilsson, P
    Arnqvist, H J
    Bolinder, J
    Eriksson, Jan W
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Gudbjörnsdottir, S
    Nyström, Lennarth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Agardh, C-D
    Landin-Olsson, M
    Sundkvist, G
    Groop, L C
    Common variants in the TCF7L2 gene help to differentiate autoimmune from non-autoimmune diabetes in young (15-34 years) but not in middle-aged (40-59 years) diabetic patients.2008In: Diabetologia, ISSN 1432-0428, Vol. 51, no 12, p. 2224-32Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Type 1 diabetes in children is characterised by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and the presence of certain risk genotypes. In adults the same situation is often referred to as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). We tested whether genetic markers associated with type 1 or type 2 diabetes could help to discriminate between autoimmune and non-autoimmune diabetes in young (15-34 years) and middle-aged (40-59 years) diabetic patients. METHODS: In 1,642 young and 1,619 middle-aged patients we determined: (1) HLA-DQB1 genotypes; (2) PTPN22 and INS variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms; (3) two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs7903146 and rs10885406) in the TCF7L2 gene; (4) glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and IA-2-protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (IA-2) antibodies; and (5) fasting plasma C-peptide. RESULTS: Frequency of risk genotypes HLA-DQB1 (60% vs 25%, p = 9.4 x 10(-34); 45% vs 18%, p = 1.4 x 10(-16)), PTPN22 CT/TT (34% vs 26%, p = 0.0023; 31% vs 23%, p = 0.034), INS VNTR class I/I (69% vs 53%, p = 1.3 x 10(-8); 69% vs 51%, p = 8.5 x 10(-5)) and INS VNTR class IIIA/IIIA (75% vs 63%, p = 4.3 x 10(-6); 73% vs 60%, p = 0.008) was increased in young and middle-aged GAD antibodies (GADA)-positive compared with GADA-negative patients. The type 2 diabetes-associated genotypes of TCF7L2 CT/TT of rs7903146 were significantly more common in young GADA-negative than in GADA-positive patients (53% vs 43%; p = 0.0004). No such difference was seen in middle-aged patients, in whom the frequency of the CT/TT genotypes of TCF7L2 was similarly increased in GADA-negative and GADA-positive groups (55% vs 56%). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Common variants in the TCF7L2 gene help to differentiate young but not middle-aged GADA-positive and GADA-negative diabetic patients, suggesting that young GADA-negative patients have type 2 diabetes and that middle-aged GADA-positive patients are different from their young GADA-positive counterparts and share genetic features with type 2 diabetes.

  • 14.
    Barnekow Bergkvist, Margareta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Physical capacity, physical activity and health: a population based fitness study of adolescents with an 18 year follow-up1997Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
  • 15. Becker, Nikolaus
    et al.
    Hakama, Matti
    Nyström, Lennarth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Evaluation of effectiveness of quality-assured mammography screening in Germany: sample size considerations and design options.2007In: Eur J Cancer Prev, ISSN 0959-8278, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 225-31Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 16. Bell, Jacqueline S
    et al.
    Ouédraogo, Moctar
    Ganaba, Rasmane
    Sombié, Issiaka
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Baggaley, Rebecca F
    Filippi, Véronique
    Fitzmaurice, Ann E
    Graham, Wendy J
    The epidemiology of pregnancy outcomes in rural Burkina Faso.2008In: Trop Med Int Health, ISSN 1365-3156, Vol. 13 Suppl 1, p. 31-43Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 17.
    Berglin, Ewa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology.
    Padyukov, Leonid
    Sundin, Ulf
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Stenlund, Hans
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Van Venrooij, Walther J
    Klareskog, Lars
    Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Solbritt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology.
    A combination of autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and HLA-DRB1 locus antigens is strongly associated with future onset of rheumatoid arthritis2004In: Arthritis Research & Therapy , E-ISSN 1478-6362, Vol. 6, no 4, p. R303-R308Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and rheumatoid factors (RFs) have been demonstrated to predate the onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by years. A nested case–control study was performed within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease study cohort to analyse the presence of shared epitope (SE) genes, defined as HLA-DRB1*0404 or DRB1*0401, and of anti-CCP antibodies and RFs in individuals who subsequently developed RA. Patients with RA were identified from among blood donors whose samples had been collected years before the onset of symptoms. Controls matched for age, sex, and date of sampling were selected randomly from the same cohort. The SE genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers. Anti-CCP2 antibodies and RFs were determined using enzyme immunoassays. Fifty-nine individuals with RA were identified as blood donors, with a median antedating time of 2.0 years (interquartile range 0.9–3.9 years) before presenting with symptoms of RA. The sensitivity for SE as a diagnostic indicator for RA was 60% and the specificity was 64%. The corresponding figures for anti-CCP antibodies were 37% and 98%, and for RFs, 17–42% and 94%, respectively. In a logistic regression analysis, SE (odds ratio [OR] = 2.35), anti-CCP antibodies (OR = 15.9), and IgA-RF (OR = 6.8) significantly predicted RA. In a combination model analysis, anti-CCP antibodies combined with SE had the highest OR (66.8, 95% confidence interval 8.3–539.4) in predicting RA, compared with anti-CCP antibodies without SE (OR = 25.01, 95% confidence interval 2.8–222.2) or SE without anti-CCP antibodies (OR = 1.9, 95% confidence interval 0.9–4.2). This study showed that the presence of anti-CCP antibodies together with SE gene carriage is associated with a very high relative risk for future development of RA.

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  • 18. Berglund, Anna
    et al.
    Lindberg, Marianne
    Nyström, Lennarth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Lindmark, Gunilla
    Combining the perspectives of midwives and doctors improves risk assessment in early pregnancy.2007In: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, ISSN 0001-6349, Vol. 86, no 2, p. 177-84Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Bergström, Erik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Cardiovascular risk indicators in adolescents: the Umeå youth study1995Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease, are today major causes of death in the industrialised parts of the world. There are evidence to suggest that the atherosclerotic process starts in childhood, implying that preventive measures should be implemented already in children and adolescents.

    The aim of this study was to examine CVD risk indicators and their determinants in healthy Swedish adolescents. The study population comprised 14- and 17-year-old boys and girls (n=1032), in the dty and surroundings of Umeå in northern Sweden.

    Biochemical, anthropometric, and physiological parameters associated to CVD (s- lipoproteins and s-apolipoproteins, s-insulin, s-ferritin, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and physical fitness) were evaluated in relation to family history of CVD, weight and length at birth, infant feeding regimen, physical growth during infancy and childhood, current diet, physical activity, smoking, and educational level and occupation of the parents.

    The main findings of the study were that, on average, total serum cholesterol (TC) values in boys and girls were at the same level as reported from other European countries. A family history of CVD, short duration of breast feeding, low attained height during infancy and childhood, high body mass index (BMI), and low physical fitness were all associated with an unfavourable serum lipid profile. The findings also showed that features typical of the insulin resistance syndrome are present already in adolescents. In boys, iron stores, estimated by serum ferritin, were related to BMI and physical fitness, in a similar way as well established CVD risk indicators. Compared to previous dietary studies in Sweden, mean relative (energy %) fat intake had decreased substantially although the mean relative intake of saturated fat was still rather high. For both boys and girls, reported relative energy intake (energy intake/estimated energy expenditure) decreased with increasing level of BMI. Furthermore, daily smoking was more common among adolescents from families with low socio-economic status (SES) but was most strongly associated to smoking in peers. Tobacco use was considerably higher among adolescents attending vocational programs at secondary high school as compared to theoretical programs. Daily smokers had a more unfavourable serum lipid profile compared to non-smokers. Low socio-economic status of the parents was related to higher BMI and low educational level to higher dietary fat intake in both boys and girls.

    In conclusion, the findings of the study show that parameters linked to adult CVD when examined in adolescents, are related to family history, infant nutrition, previous physical growth, current body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, smoking, and social status and educational level of the parents.

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  • 20.
    Berhane, Yemane
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Women's health and reproductive outcome in rural Ethiopia2000Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
  • 21. Berhane, Yemane
    et al.
    Wall, Stig
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Fantahun, Mesganaw
    Emmelin, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Mekonnen, Wubegzier
    Högberg, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Worku, Alemayehu
    Tesfaye, Fikru
    Molla, Mitike
    Deyessa, Negussie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Kumie, Abera
    Hailemariam, Damen
    Enqueselassie, Fikre
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    A rural Ethiopian population undergoing epidemiological transition over a generation: Butajira from 1987 to 20042008In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 36, no 4, p. 436-441Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 22. Björkenstam, Charlotte
    et al.
    Edberg, Annika
    Ayoubi, Shiva
    Rosén, Måns
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Are cancer patients at higher suicide risk than the general population?2005In: Scand J Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, Vol. 33, no 3, p. 208-14Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 23. Blomquist, H K
    et al.
    Bergström, E
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Obesity in 4-year-old children more prevalent in girls and in municipalities with a low socioeconomic level.2007In: Acta Paediatr, ISSN 0803-5253, Vol. 96, no 1, p. 113-6Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Blomstedt, Yulia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Hylander, Ingrid
    Sundquist, Jan
    Self-reported integration as a proxy for acculturation: a qualitative study.2007In: Nurs Res, ISSN 0029-6562, Vol. 56, no 1, p. 63-9Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 25.
    Blomstedt, Yulia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Johansson, Sven-Erik
    Sundquist, Jan
    East-west health divide and east-west migration: Self-reported health of immigrants from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union in Sweden.2006In: Scand J Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, Vol. 34, no 2, p. 217-21Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 26.
    Blomstedt, Yulia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences. Karolinska Institute, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Johansson, Sven-Erik
    Karolinska Institute, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Sundquist, Jan
    Karolinska Institute, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Mental health of immigrants from the former Soviet Bloc: a future problem for primary health care in the enlarged European Union? A cross-sectional study2007In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 7, p. Article nr 27-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Enlargement of the European Union has caused worries about the possibility of increased migration from its new members, the former Soviet countries, and consequently increased demands on the health care systems of the host countries. This study investigated whether or not earlier immigrants from the former Soviet Bloc have poorer self-reported mental health, measured as self-reported psychiatric illness and psychosomatic complaints, than the host population in Sweden. It also examined the particular factors which might determine the self-reported mental health of these immigrants. METHODS: The cross-sectional national sample included 25-84-year-old Swedish-born persons (n = 35,459) and immigrants from Poland (n = 161), other East European countries (n = 164), and the former Soviet Union (n = 60) who arrived in Sweden after 1944 and were interviewed during 1994-2001. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression was used in the analyses. RESULTS: The findings indicated that the country of birth had a profound influence on self-reported mental health. Polish and other East European immigrants in general had a twofold higher odds ratio of reporting psychiatric illness and psychosomatic complaints, which fact could not be explained by adjustments for the demographic and socioeconomic variables. However, immigrants from the former Soviet Union had odds similar to those of the Swedish-born reference group. Adjustments for migration-related variables (language spoken at home and years in Sweden) changed the association between the country of birth and the outcomes only to a limited extent. CONCLUSION: Since poor mental health may hinder acculturation, the mental health of immigrants from Poland and other East European countries should be acknowledged, particularly with the expansion of the European Union and inclusion of nine former Soviet Bloc countries by 2007.

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    Mental health of immigrants from the former Soviet Bloc: a future problem for primary health care in the enlarged European Union? A cross-sectional study
  • 27. Boeing, H
    et al.
    Dietrich, T
    Hoffmann, K
    Pischon, T
    Ferrari, P
    Lahmann, PH
    Boutron-Ruault, MC
    Clavel-Chapelon, F
    Allen, N
    Key, T
    Skeie, G
    Lund, E
    Olsen, A
    Tjonneland, A
    Overvad, K
    Jensen, MK
    Rohrmann, S
    Linseisen, J
    Trichopoulou, A
    Bamia, C
    Psalttopoulou, T
    Weinehall, L
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Sanchez, MJ
    Jakszyn, P
    Ardanaz, E
    Amiano, P
    Chirlaque, MD
    Quiros, JR
    Wirfalt, E
    Berglund, G
    Peeters, PH
    van Gils, CH
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB
    Buchner, FL
    Berrino, F
    Palli, D
    Sacerdote, C
    Tumino, R
    Panico, S
    Bingham, S
    Khaw, KT
    Slimani, N
    Norat, T
    Jenab, M
    Riboli, E
    Intake of fruits and vegetables and risk of cancer of the upper aero-digestive tract: the prospective EPIC-study.2006In: Cancer Causes and Control, ISSN 0957-5243, E-ISSN 1573-7225, Vol. 17, no 7, p. 957-969Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Epidemiologic studies suggest that a high intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with decreased risk of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract. We studied data from 345,904 subjects of the prospective European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) recruited in seven European countries, who had completed a dietary questionnaire in 1992-1998. During 2,182,560 person years of observation 352 histologically verified incident squamous cell cancer (SCC) cases (255 males; 97 females) of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus were identified. Linear and restricted cubic spline Cox regressions were fitted on variables of intake of fruits and vegetables and adjusted for potential confounders. We observed a significant inverse association with combined total fruits and vegetables intake (estimated relative risk (RR) = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.83-1.00 per 80 g/d of consumption), and nearly significant inverse associations in separate analyses with total fruits and total vegetables intake (RR: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92-1.02) and RR = 0.89 (95% CI: 0.78-1.02) per 40 g/d of consumption). Overall, vegetable subgroups were not related to risk with the exception of intake of root vegetables in men. Restricted cubic spline regression did not improve the linear model fits except for total fruits and vegetables and total fruits with a significant decrease in risk at low intake levels (<120 g/d) for fruits. Dietary recommendations should consider the potential benefit of increasing fruits and vegetables consumption for reducing the risk of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract, particularly at low intake.

  • 28. Bolinder, J
    et al.
    Fernlund, P
    Borg, H
    Arnqvist, H J
    Björk, E
    Blohmé, G
    Eriksson, Jan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Nyström, Lennarth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Östman, J
    Sundkvist, G
    Hyperproinsulinemia segregates young adult patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune (type 1) and non-autoimmune (type 2) diabetes.2005In: Scand J Clin Lab Invest, ISSN 0036-5513, Vol. 65, no 7, p. 585-94Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 29.
    Bordás, Pál
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Jonsson, Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Nyström, Lennarth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Cajander, Stefan
    Lenner, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Early breast cancer deaths in women aged 40-74 years diagnosed during the first 5 years of organised mammography service screening in north Sweden2004In: Breast, ISSN 0960-9776, E-ISSN 1532-3080, Vol. 13, no 4, p. 276-283Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 30.
    Bordás, Pál
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Jonsson, Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Nyström, Lennarth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Lenner, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Interval cancer incidence and episode sensitivity in the Norrbotten mammography screening programme, Sweden2009In: Journal of Medical Screening, ISSN 0969-1413, E-ISSN 1475-5793, Vol. 16, no 1, p. 39-45Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To estimate the interval cancer incidence, its determinants and the episode sensitivity in the Norrbotten Mammography Screening Programme (NMSP).

    SETTING: Since 1989, women aged 40-74 years (n = 55,000) have been invited to biennial screening by the NMSP, Norrbotten county, Sweden.

    METHODS: Data on 1047 invasive breast cancers from six screening rounds of the NMSP (1989-2002) were collected. We estimated the invasive interval cancer rates, rate ratios and the episode sensitivity using the detection and incidence methods. A linear Poisson-model was used to analyse association between interval cancer incidence and sensitivity.

    RESULTS: 768 screen-detected and 279 interval cancer cases were identified. The rate ratio of interval cancer decreased with age. The 50-59 year age group showed the highest rate ratio (RR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.41-0.65) and the 70-74 year age group the lowest (RR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.15-0.36). The rate ratios for the early (0-12 months) and late (13-24 months) interval cancers were similar (RR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.15-0.22 and 0.20, 95% CI 0.17-0.24). There was a significantly lower interval cancer incidence in the prevalence round as compared with the incidence rounds. According to the detection method the episode sensitivity increased with age from 57% in the age group 40-49 years to 84% in the age group 70-74 years. The corresponding figures for the incidence method were 50% and 77%, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Our study showed an interval cancer incidence of 38% and the episode sensitivity of 62-73%, depending on the method of calculation. Our results are of clinically acceptable level and concert with the reference values of the European guidelines.

  • 31.
    Bordás, Pál
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Jonsson, Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Nyström, Lennarth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Lenner, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Survival from invasive breast cancer among interval cases in the mammography screening programmes of northern Sweden2007In: Breast, ISSN 0960-9776, E-ISSN 1532-3080, Vol. 16, no 1, p. 47-54Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 32. Broeders, M J M
    et al.
    Scharpantgen, A
    Ascunce, N
    Gairard, B
    Olsen, A H
    Mantellini, P
    Mota, T Cerdá
    Van Limbergen, E
    Séradour, B
    Ponti, A
    Trejo, L Salas
    Nyström, Lennarth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Comparison of early performance indicators for screening projects within the European Breast Cancer Network: 1989-2000.2005In: Eur J Cancer Prev, ISSN 0959-8278, Vol. 14, no 2, p. 107-16Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Broström, Göran
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Brändström, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies.
    Persson, Lars-Åke
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    The impact of feeding patterns on infant mortality in a nineteenth century Swedish parish1984In: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, ISSN 0142-6338, E-ISSN 1465-3664, Vol. 30, p. 154-159Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 34.
    Brännström, Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Community participation and social patterning in cardiovascular disease intervention1993Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This study addresses health policy and public health in the field of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the local level in Sweden. The overall aim is to contribute to the assessment of structural and social conditions within public health by analysing participation processes and outcome patterns in a local health programme. The northern Swedish MONICA study served as a reference area. The research strategy has been to integrate quantitative and  qualitative methodologies and, thereby, focus on different aspects of the health programme under study.

    The mortality rate was excessive in the study area of Norsjö relative to both provincial and national figures over a period of more than 10 years. This finding formed the basis for a tenyear comprehensive and community-based health programme towards the prevention of CVD and diabetes.

    Even in this seemingly homogeneous area it was found that socio-economic circumstances were associated with the public health. Almost half of the study population had hypercholesterolaemia (;>6.5 mmol/1), 19% of men and 25% of women were smokers and 30% and 29%, respectively, had high blood pressure. Age had a strong impact on all outcome measures. After adjustments for age and social factors it was found that the relative risk of having hypercholesterolaemia dropped significantly in both sexes during the six years of intervention. The probability of being a smoker was significantly reduced only in highly educated groups. No statistically significant change over time could be found for the risk of suffering high blood pressure. In the reference area of northern Sweden there were no changes over time for any of the selected risk factors. The likelihood of self-assessed good health decreased with increasing risk factor load, with the exception of hypercholesterolaemia , in all social strata.

    The authorities, including the health and medical staff, were the main actors on the mediastage. Men in manual occupations were least affected by the media coverage. The actors and the public as well as the media viewed the health programme as orientated towards individual lifestyles. Community participation was mainly defined by the actors based on the medical and health planning approach. Differences in interpretations, social interests, personal conflicts and ideological constraints among the actors at local level were observed. Some critical attitudes towards the organization and management of the health programme were also noted among the citizens. However, a majority of the public wanted the health programme to continue. The present study underlines the importance of considering age, gender and social differences in the planning and evaluation of CVD preventive programmes.

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    Community Participation and Social Patterning in Cardiovascular Disease Intervention
  • 35.
    Brännström, Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Does it matter how epilepsy is considered and classified?2002In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 359, no 9315, p. 1439-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 36.
    Brännström, Inger A
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Gender stratification in management. The World Health Organization 20002004In: Journal of Health Organization & Management, ISSN 1477-7266, E-ISSN 1758-7247, Vol. 18, no 1, p. 7-15Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The World Health Organization (WHO) is a global organization that nowadays has integrated gender issues into its policy, programmes and budget. How then is the state of affairs in the area of gender equity at the ultimate governing bodies of the modern WHO? This study aims to assess the representation of women and men and their promotion within the supreme decision-making bodies of the WHO during the year 2000. Information sources used are the official and confirmed protocols of the 53rd World Health Assembly (WHA) in 2000 and of the two Executive Board (EB) meetings of the corresponding year. A descriptive quantitative content analysis approach is used exclusively. The present study demonstrates strikingly skewed gender distribution, with men substantially at an advantage numerically in the prominent positions at the WHA 2000. Additionally, men also hold an advantage in terms of being promoted to leading positions within the bodies examined, notably all upgraded chairs of the EB during 2000. However, the formerly male-dominated supervisory positions of the WHO are, these days, challenged by women having been elected at the very top of the WHO. The present study stresses the need to elaborate a qualitative research design to advance the understanding of the social construction of gender in supreme governing positions of the modern WHO.

  • 37.
    Brännström, Inger
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Emmelin, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Dahlgren, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    Johansson, Martin
    Wall, Stig
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Co-operation, participation and conflicts faced in public health: lessons learned from a long-term prevention programme in Sweden1994In: Health Education Research, ISSN 0268-1153, E-ISSN 1465-3648, Vol. 9, no 3, p. 317-329Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A comprehensive community-based programme for prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes was established in 1985 in a small municipality in northern Sweden. A cross-sectional survey to the general public was performed and semi-structured open-ended interviews were taken of actors at different levels. Notes from official records were also included in the study. The aim was to describe and discuss some factors that promote or constrain community participation in health programmes. The results generally confirmed that the right of definition concerning the health programme mainly remained with the health professionals. Community participation was mainly defined by the actors based on the medical and health planning approach and, thereby, as a means to transform health policy plans into reality by transmitting health knowledge and increasing consciousness among the citizens of the need for changing lifestyles. However, participation as a means of identifying problems and demonstrating power relationships and as elements in promoting local democracy was hardly represented among the actors at all. Overall, the CVD health programme was characterized by consensus between the actors. Despite this, debates and arguments about interpretations, social interests, personal conflicts and ideological constraints were observed. However, a majority of the public wanted the CVD preventive programme to continue.

  • 38.
    Brännström, Inger
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Lindblad, Inga-Britt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Comparative Literature and Scandinavian Languages.
    Mass communication and health promotion: The power of the media and public opinion1994In: Health Communication, ISSN 1041-0236, E-ISSN 1532-7027, Vol. 6, no 1, p. 21-36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    By means of content analysis, this study evaluated the ways in which a community-based preventive program in Sweden in the field of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes was reported in the news by the Swedish mass media We were also interested in determining whether, and to what extent, 5 years of exposure to the media had affected the health habits of the residents in the intervention area. Thus, the views of the public were obtained via a cross-sectional posttest survey of all adults 16 to 80 years of age. Responses were obtained from 65% of the population. Data were interpreted within a framework of a three-dimensional power approach: control of issue resolution, control of information content, and emphasis and control of ideology. The health program has attracted much attention, and some of the contents have been commented on in depth (e.g., dietary habits, health examinations, and organizational issues). The authorities, including the health and medical staff, were the main actors on the media stage. The media coverage was largely restricted to middle-aged men, whereas women, children, young people, and pensioners were less salient in the news. The mass media were found to emphasize an individual standpoint concerning health habits, and when the "ordinary people" appeared it was as exemplary models in the spirit of the health program. The results indicated sex and social class differences among people recalling the media news. Men in manual occupations were the least affected by the media coverage of the health program.

  • 39.
    Brännström, Inger
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Persson, Lars Åke M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Wall, Stig
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Towards a framework for outcome assessment of health intervention: Conceptual and methodological considerations1994In: European Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1101-1262, E-ISSN 1464-360X, Vol. 4, no 2, p. 125-130Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We provide a framework for assessing the outcome of community-based intervention programmes for the promotion of cardiovascular health at local level. Particular attention is therefore given to conceptual components connected with community participation in health programmes and to methodological approaches in the evaluation of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-prevention programmes. In a search of the literature covering more than 20 years (1966–1988) in 2 databases (MEDLINE and SOCA), we found that the concepts of ‘community participation’ and ‘community involvement’ have mainly been used during the latter half of the study period. The concepts were often used interchangeably and with no statement as to their precise meanings. The methodological examination of 2 well-known community-based CVO-preventive programmes revealed that most of the scientific papers from these programmes dealt with health behavioural and/or medical effects. The suggested framework presented in this study is designed as a longitudinal process analysis focusing on critical key steps along the path from input to output. The suggested research strategy is problem-orientated, inter-disciplinary and based on a multi-method approach.

  • 40.
    Brännström, Inger
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Persson, Lars Åke
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Wall, Stig
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Gender and social patterning of health: the Norsjö cardiovascular preventive programme in northern Sweden 1985-19901994In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, ISSN 0281-3432, E-ISSN 1502-7724, Vol. 12, no 3, p. 155-161Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent to which the impact of social stratification on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors was different among men and women.

    DESIGN: Pooled data from six (1985-90) cross-sectional health surveys.

    SETTING: The intervention area is an inland municipality, Norsjö, in northern Sweden with a population of 5,300 inhabitants.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Smoking, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolaemia, and perceived health status.

    RESULTS: Almost half of the study population had hypercholesterolaemia (> or = 6.5 mmol/l), 19% of men and 25% of women were smokers, and 30% and 29%, respectively, had hypertension. Age had a strong impact on all outcome measures. Social factors were associated with smoking in women and with hypercholesterolaemia in men. There were no sex differences in perceived good health. The likelihood of self-assessed good health decreased with increasing risk factor load, with the exception of hypercholesterolaemia, in all social strata.

    CONCLUSION: The present study implies the importance of considering age, gender, and social differences in intervention and evaluation of CVD preventive programmes. The study also demonstrate that self-defined health contains important information on cardiovascular risk profile.

  • 41.
    Brännström, Inger
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Rosén, M
    SPRI, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Wall, Stig
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Weinehall, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Local health planning and intervention: the case of a Swedish municipality1988In: Scandinavian journal of primary health care. Supplement, ISSN 0284-6020, Vol. 1, p. 57-64Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article attempts to illustrate the process from community diagnosis to community involvement by a case study from the north of Sweden. The case of Norsjö is one of few documented Swedish examples of a preventive program with a broad participation from the community. The results up to now are promising and further illustrate the importance of decentralized health planning and local data.

  • 42.
    Brännström, Inger
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Weinehall, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Persson, Lars Åke
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Wester, P O
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Wall, Stig
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Changing social patterns of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Swedish community intervention programme1993In: International Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0300-5771, E-ISSN 1464-3685, Vol. 22, no 6, p. 1026-1037Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Since 1985 a small-scale community-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventive programme has been in operation in an inland municipality, Norsjö, in Northern Sweden. The aim of this study was to assess the development of the relationship between social position and CVD risk factors in repeated cross-sectional surveys (1985-1990) among all men and women aged 30, 40, 50 and 60 years in the study area, using an age-stratified random sample from the Northern Sweden MONICA Study of 1986 and 1990 as reference population. These multiple cross-sectional surveys comprised a self-administered questionnaire and a health examination. Of the study population 95% (n = 1499) and 80% of those in the reference area (n = 3208) participated. Subjects were classified with regard to demographic, structural and social characteristics in relation to CVD risk factors and self-reported health status. Time trends in classical risk factor occurrence were assessed in terms of age- and sex- adjusted odds ratios using Mantel-Haenszel procedures. When simultaneously adjusting for several potential confounders we used a logistic regression analysis. Initially, more than half of the study population, both males and females, had and elevated (> or = 6.5 mmol/l) serum cholesterol level. After adjustments had been made for age and social factors it was found that the relative risk of hypercholesterolaemia dropped substantially and significantly among both sexes during the 6 years of CVD intervention in the study area. However, the probability of being a smoker was significantly reduced only in highly educated groups. Among other risk factors no single statistically significant change over time could be found. In the reference area there were no changes over time for the selected CVD risk factors. People in the study area had a less favourable perception of their health than those in the reference area. Social differences were found when perceived good health was measured, especially in variables indicating emotional and social support. When sex, age and social factors had been accounted for there was not clear change over the years in perceived good health.

  • 43. Buitron, Diego
    et al.
    Hurtig, Anna-Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    San Sebastian, Miguel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    [Nutritional status of Naporuna children under five in the Amazon region of Ecuador]2004In: Rev Panam Salud Publica, ISSN 1020-4989, Vol. 15, no 3, p. 151-9Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Climate change and population health in Africa: where are the scientists?2009In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 2, p. 173-176Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite a growing awareness of Africans' vulnerability to climate change, there is relatively little empirical evidence published about the effects of climate on population health in Africa. This review brings together some of the generalised predictions about the potential continent-wide effects of climate change with examples of the relatively few locally documented population studies in which climate change and health interact. Although ecologically determined diseases such as malaria are obvious candidates for susceptibility to climate change, wider health effects also need to be considered, particularly among populations where adequacy of food and water supplies may already be marginal.

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    Climate change and population health in Africa: where are the scientists?
  • 45.
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Epidemiology without borders: an anational view of global health2009In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Most analyses of global health use country as a unit of observation, not least because countries are intrinsic to health services and to many international organisations. However, this can mask geographical influences on population health, which do not respect political boundaries.

    METHODS: A global anational database was constructed with one degree cells of latitude and longitude, and used to calculate densities for population and key health indicators. These data were aggregated into 240 15 degrees ansectors, 171 of which were populated. Differences in ansector rank orders between population density and health outcomes (infant, maternal and HIV-related deaths and income) were calculated and mapped as quintiles.

    FINDINGS: Individual ansectors contained parts of 1-21 countries. Mapping by ansector showed that the four outcomes analysed were strongly geographically correlated. Sub-Saharan Africa was consistently disadvantaged in terms of health outcomes, while the Indian sub-continent was at an advantage in terms of HIV mortality, despite poverty.

    INTERPRETATION: Although in most cases it makes sense to analyse health on a national basis, these findings highlight the often unquestioned assumptions involved in doing so. Even if global patterns of health do not turn out so differently when analysed anationally, some major effects on health, such as climate change, are not nationally based, and should not necessarily be nationally analysed. Progress towards Millennium Development Goals must be evaluated on a population basis, rather than by counting countries achieving targets. Data files are available in Excel format and attached as separate files to this paper (see Supplementary files under Reading Tools online).

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    Epidemiology without borders: an anational view of global health
  • 46.
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Making sense of long-term changes in malaria.2008In: Lancet, ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 372, no 9649, p. 1523-5Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 47.
    Byass, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    The unequal world of health data2009In: PLoS Medicine, ISSN 1549-1277, E-ISSN 1549-1676, Vol. 6, no 11, p. e1000155-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Download full text (pdf)
    The unequal world of health data
  • 48.
    Byass, Peter
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    D'Ambruoso, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Cellular telephone networks in developing countries2008In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 371, no 9613, p. 650-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 49.
    Byass, Peter
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Fantahun, Mesganaw
    Mekonnen, Wubegzier
    Emmelin, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Berhane, Yemane
    From birth to adulthood in rural Ethiopia: the Butajira Birth Cohort of 1987.2008In: Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, ISSN 1365-3016, Vol. 22, no 6, p. 569-74Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 50.
    Byass, Peter
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences. Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    Fottrell, Edward
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences. Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    Dao, Lan Huong
    Berhane, Yemane
    Corrah, Tumani
    Kahn, Kathleen
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Muhe, Lulu
    Do, Duc Van
    Refining a probabilistic model for interpreting verbal autopsy data.2006In: Scandinavian journal of public health, ISSN 1403-4948, Vol. 34, no 1, p. 26-31Article in journal (Refereed)
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