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  • 1. Aalbers, R
    et al.
    Backer, V
    Kava, T T K
    Omenaas, E R
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Jorup, C
    Welte, T
    Adjustable maintenance dosing with budesonide/formoterol compared with fixed-dose salmeterol/fluticasone in moderate to severe asthma.2004In: Current Medical Research and Opinion, ISSN 0300-7995, E-ISSN 1473-4877, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 225-40Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Alvarsson, Viktor
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Acute toxicological effects of e-cigarettes in human alveolar epithelial cells and lung parenchyma2015Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 3.
    Andersen, Grethe N.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Reumatology.
    Nilsson, Kenneth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Nagaeva, O
    Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Solbritt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Reumatology.
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Cytokine mRNA profile of alveolar T lymphocytes and macrophages in patients with systemic sclerosis suggests a local Tr1 response2011In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 74, no 3, p. 272-81Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of an autoimmune disease like systemic sclerosis (SSc) is suspected to be driven by an activated T lymphocyte subset, expressing a cytokine profile specific to the disease. To further characterize the type of immune reaction in SSc, we searched for a broad panel of cytokine messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages from paired samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood in 18 patients and 16 age- and sex-matched controls. RNA from CD3(+) T lymphocytes and CD14(+) monocytes/macrophages was examined by means of the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. SSc alveolar T lymphocytes expressed a cytokine profile suggestive of a mixed Th1/Th2 reaction, showing an increased frequency of mRNA for interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6 and interferon (IFN)γ, while IL-1β, IFNγ and tumour necrosis factor β were expressed in blood T lymphocytes in a higher percentage of patients with SSc than controls. SSc alveolar T cells expressed IL-10 mRNA more often than peripheral T cells, a phenomenon not found in controls and which may point at local IL-10 activation/response in SSc lung. Transforming growth factor β mRNA was present in all alveolar as well as peripheral blood T cell samples in patients and controls. The cytokine mRNA profile in SSc with interstitial lung disease (ILD) was similar to the profile found in SSc without ILD. Our findings point at a mixed Th1/Th2 reaction in SSc and may indicate regulatory T 1 cell activation/response in the lungs of patients with SSc.

  • 4.
    Andersen, Grethe Neumann
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Reumatology.
    Nilsson, Kenneth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Pourazar, Jamshid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Hackett, Tillie-Louise
    Kazzam, Elsadig
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Waldenström, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Warner, Jane
    Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Solbritt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Reumatology.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Sandström, Thomas
    Bronchoalveolar matrix metalloproteinase 9 relates to restrictive lung function impairment in systemic sclerosis.2007In: Respiratory Medicine, ISSN 0954-6111, E-ISSN 1532-3064, Vol. 101, no 10, p. 2199-2206Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is frequently associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) often leading to lung fibrosis. In this study we investigated whether matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and its natural inhibitor; the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), would be associated with remodelling in ILD in SSc. Levels of total MMP-9, pro-MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from nine SSc patients with ILD, seven SSc patients without ILD and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Total MMP-9 and pro-MMP-9 levels were significantly elevated in SSc patients with ILD, compared to levels in SSc patients without ILD and healthy controls. In SSc patients with ILD calculated active MMP-9 levels were significantly higher than in SSc patients without ILD and tended to be higher than in healthy controls. TIMP-1 levels were elevated in both patient groups compared to healthy controls. Total-, pro- and active MMP-9 levels as well as pro-MMP-TIMP-1 and active MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were inversely associated with total lung capacity. The present study suggests that MMP-9 plays a pathophysiological role in the remodelling in ILD and lung fibrosis associated with SSc, and may represent a new therapeutic target in this condition.

  • 5.
    Andersson, Martin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Bjerg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Lundbäck, Bo
    Rönmark, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    The clinical expression of asthma in schoolchildren has changed between 1996 and 20062010In: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, ISSN 0905-6157, E-ISSN 1399-3038, Vol. 21, no 5, p. 859-866Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Several studies have reported diverging trends in the prevalence of asthma and wheeze. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical expression of childhood asthma in 1996 and 2006 by studying asthma morbidity, treatment, and environmental exposures in school children with physician-diagnosed asthma and wheeze, respectively. All children enrolled in first or second grade (7-8 yr-old) in three municipalities in northern Sweden were invited to a questionnaire study in 1996 and 2006, respectively. In 1996, 3430 (97%) participated; and in 2006, 2585 (96%) participated. The same parental completed questionnaire, including the ISAAC questions, was used in both surveys. Physician-diagnosed asthma was reported at 5.7% in 1996 and 7.4% in 2006. A significantly greater proportion of children with asthma were using inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in 2006, 67% vs. 55% in 1996. This increase was parallel to a major decrease in severe asthma symptoms such as disturbed sleep because of wheeze (49% vs. 38%) and troublesome asthma (21% vs. 11%). The prevalence of current wheeze among the asthmatics decreased significantly; however, this was seen only among children not using ICS. Parental smoking decreased significantly as did the proportion living in damp buildings. In conclusion, although asthma remains a major public health issue in school age children, children with asthma had less respiratory symptoms and a better asthma control in 2006 compared to 1996. This parallels with an increase in treatment with ICS, more beneficial environmental conditions, and an increased diagnostic intensity resulting in a larger proportion of children with mild symptoms being diagnosed as having asthma.

  • 6.
    Andersson, Martin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. The OLIN Studies, Luleå.
    Hedman, Linnea
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. The OLIN Studies, Luleå.
    Bjerg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine. The OLIN Studies, Luleå ; Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Göteborgs universitet.
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Lundbäck, Bo
    The OLIN Studies, Luleå ; Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Göteborgs universitet.
    Rönmark, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. The OLIN Studies, Luleå.
    Remission and Persistence of Asthma Followed From 7 to 19 Years of Age2013In: Pediatrics, ISSN 0031-4005, E-ISSN 1098-4275, Vol. 132, no 2, p. E435-E442Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To date, a limited number of population-based studies have prospectively evaluated the remission of childhood asthma. This work was intended to study the remission and persistence of childhood asthma and related factors. METHODS: In 1996, a questionnaire was distributed to the parents of all children aged 7 to 8 years in 3 municipalities in northern Sweden, and 3430 (97%) participated. After a validation study, 248 children were identified as having asthma; these children were reassessed annually until age 19 years when 205 (83%) remained. During the follow-up period lung function, bronchial challenge testing, and skin prick tests were performed. Remission was defined as no use of asthma medication and no wheeze during the past 12 months as reported at endpoint and in the 2 annual surveys preceding endpoint (ie, for >= 3 years). RESULTS: At age 19 years, 21% were in remission, 38% had periodic asthma, and 41% persistent asthma. Remission was more common among boys. Sensitization to furred animals and a more severe asthma (asthma score >= 2) at age 7 to 8 years were both inversely associated with remission, odds ratio 0.14 (95% confidence interval 0.04-0.55) and 0.19 (0.07-0.54), respectively. Among children with these 2 characteristics, 82% had persistent asthma during adolescence. Asthma heredity, damp housing, rural living, and smoking were not associated with remission. CONCLUSIONS: The probability of remission of childhood asthma from age 7- to 8-years to age 19 years was largely determined by sensitization status, particularly sensitization to animals, asthma severity, and female gender, factors all inversely related to remission.

  • 7.
    Andersson, Martin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Hedman, Linnéa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Bjerg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Lundbäck, B
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Rönmark, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Persistence and remission of asthma followed from 7 to 19 years of ageManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 8. Andersson, Per Ola
    et al.
    Lejon, Christian
    Ekstrand-Hammarström, Barbro
    Akfur, Christine
    Ahlinder, Linnéa
    Bucht, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Österlund, Lars
    Polymorph- and size-dependent uptake and toxicity of TiO₂ nanoparticles in living lung epithelial cells2011In: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), ISSN 1613-6829, Vol. 7, no 4, p. 514-523Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The cellular uptake and distribution of five types of well-characterized anatase and rutile TiO(2) nanoparticles (NPs) in A549 lung epithelial cells is reported. Static light scattering (SLS), in-vitro Raman microspectroscopy (μ-Raman) and transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) reveal an intimate correlation between the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the NPs, particle agglomeration, and cellular NP uptake. It is shown that μ-Raman facilitates chemical-, polymorph-, and size-specific discrimination of endosomal-particle cell uptake and the retention of particles in the vicinity of organelles, including the cell nucleus, which quantitatively correlates with TEM and SLS data. Depth-profiling μ-Raman coupled with hyperspectral data analysis confirms the location of the NPs in the cells and shows that the NPs induce modifications of the biological matrix. NP uptake is found to be kinetically activated and strongly dependent on the hard agglomeration size-not the primary particle size-which quantitatively agrees with the measured intracellular oxidative stress. Pro-inflammatory responses are also found to be sensitive to primary particle size.

  • 9.
    Andreassen, Siw Lillevik
    et al.
    Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    Liaaen, Erik Dyb
    Department of Internal Medicine, Aalesund Hospital, Aalesund, Norway.
    Stenfors, Nikolai
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Henriksen, Anne H
    Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ; Department of Thoracic- and Occupational Medicine, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
    Impact of pneumonia on hospitalizations due to acute exacerbations of COPD2014In: Clinical Respiratory Journal, ISSN 1752-6981, E-ISSN 1752-699X, Vol. 8, no 1, p. 93-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pneumonia is often diagnosed among patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The aims of this study were to find the proportion of patients with pneumonia among admissions due to AECOPD and whether pneumonia has impact on the length of stay (LOS), usage of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or the in-hospital mortality.

    METHODS: Retrospectively, all hospitalizations in 2005 due to AECOPD in the Departments of Internal and Respiratory Medicine in one Swedish and two Norwegian hospitals were analyzed. A total of 1144 admittances (731 patients) were identified from patient administrative systems. Pneumonic AECOPD (pAECOPD) was defined as pneumonic infiltrates on chest X-ray and C-reactive protein (CRP) value of ≥40 mg/L, and non-pneumonic AECOPD (npAECOPD) was defined as no pneumonic infiltrate on X-ray and CRP value of <40 at admittance.

    RESULTS: In admissions with pAECOPD (n = 237), LOS was increased (median 9 days vs 5 days, P < 0.001) and usage of NIV was more frequent (18.1% vs 12.5%, P = 0.04), but no significant increase in the in-hospital mortality (3.8% vs 3.6%) was found compared to admissions with npAECOPD. A higher proportion of those with COPD GOLD stage I-II had pAECOPD compared to those with COPD GOLD stage III-IV (28.2% vs 18.7%, P = 0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS: In-hospital morbidity, but not mortality, was increased among admissions with pAECOPD compared to npAECOPD. This may, in part, be explained by the extensive treatment with antibiotics and NIV in patients with pAECOPD.

  • 10. Antoniewicz, Lukasz
    et al.
    Bosson, Jenny A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Kuhl, Jeanette
    Abdel-Halim, Samy M.
    Kiessling, Anna
    Mobarrez, Fariborz
    Lundback, Magnus
    Electronic cigarettes increase endothelial progenitor cells in the blood of healthy volunteers2016In: Atherosclerosis, ISSN 0021-9150, E-ISSN 1879-1484, Vol. 255, p. 179-185Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and aims: The use of electronic cigarettes is increasing dramatically on a global scale and its effects on human health remain uncertain. In the present study, we measured endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and microvesicles (MVs) in healthy young volunteers following short-term exposure to inhalation of e-cigarette vapor (ECV) to determine vascular changes.

    Methods: Sixteen healthy seldom smokers were randomized into two groups either exposed or not exposed to 10 puffs of ECV for 10 min, in a crossover design. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and 1, 4 and 24 h following exposure. EPCs (CD34 + CD309) and MVs were analyzed by flow cytometry. MVs were phenotyped according to origin (platelet (CD41), endothelial (CD144), leukocytes (CD45), monocytes (CD14)) and nuclear content (SYTO 13 dye). In addition, expression of inflammation markers such P-selectin (CD62P), E-selectin (CD62E), CD40-ligand (CD154) and HMGB1 was investigated. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was also measured at baseline and after 24 h.

    Results: EPC levels in blood were significantly increased 1 h following exposure to ECV and returned to baseline values after 24 h. Only E-selectin positive MVs (endothelial origin) were slightly elevated (p < 0.038). FeNO was unaffected by exposure to ECV. Conclusions: In healthy volunteers, ten puffs of e-cigarette vapor inhalation caused an increase in EPCs. This increase was of the same magnitude as following smoking of one traditional cigarette, as we previously demonstrated. Taken together, these results may represent signs of possible vascular changes after short e-cigarette inhalation. Further studies analyzing potential cardiovascular health effects are critical as the e-cigarette market continues to burgeon.

  • 11.
    Antoniewicz, Lukasz
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine. Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Novo, Mirza
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Bosson, Jenny A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Lundbäck, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Brief exposure to Swedish snus causes divergent vascular responses in healthy male and female volunteers2018In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 13, no 4, article id e0195493Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The use of Swedish oral moist snuff, known as snus, has for a long time been limited to the Scandinavian countries. With declining cigarette sales in the western world, tobacco companies have looked to the development of alternative tobacco products. In 2006 snus products were launched in the US. Even though several studies have demonstrated negative health effects, snus is often depicted as harmless.

    The aim of the present study was to investigate acute vascular effects of snus as measured by arterial stiffness as well as blood pressure and heart rate.

    Methods: Two separate randomized double-blind crossover studies with the same study design were pooled for analysis. Twenty-nine healthy snus-users (17 females, 12 males) were included. Snus (Göteborgs Rapé) and tobacco free snus (Onico) were administered in a randomized order at two separate visits. Arterial stiffness, blood pressure and heart rate were measured at baseline as well as every five minutes for 40 minutes during exposure. Following snus removal, measurements continued for 30 minutes post exposure. Arterial stiffness was measured using pulse wave velocity (Vicorder) and pulse wave analysis (Sphygmocor).

    Results: Compared to placebo, snus significantly increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as heart rate, however, only in females (p = 0.004, p = 0.006 and p<0.001 respectively). No changes were seen in arterial stiffness measurements in either gender.

    Conclusion: We observed an increase in blood pressure and heart rate only in females, but not in males due to snus usage as compared to placebo. This novel finding was surprising and needs to be further investigated considering most of the earlier studies have mainly focused on male snus users and the increasing usage of snus among females.

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  • 12.
    Badi, Yusef Eamon
    et al.
    National Heart and Lung Institute, the Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom; Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Pavel, Ana B.
    Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Mississippi, Miss, Oxford, United States.
    Pavlidis, Stelios
    Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Riley, John H.
    GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
    Bates, Stewart
    GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
    Kermani, Nazanin Zounemat
    Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Knowles, Richard
    Knowles Consulting, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
    Kolmert, Johan
    Centre for Allergy Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Wheelock, Craig E.
    Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Worsley, Sally
    GSK Value Evidence and Outcomes, Brentford, United Kingdom.
    Uddin, Mohib
    Respiratory Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Alving, Kjell
    Department of Women's and Children's Health: Paediatric Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Bakke, Per S.
    Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
    Behndig, Annelie F.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Caruso, Massimo
    Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
    Chanez, Pascal
    Aix-Marseille Universite, Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Marseille, Clinic des Bronches, Allergies et Sommeil, Marseille, France.
    Fleming, Louise J.
    National Heart and Lung Institute, the Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom.
    Fowler, Stephen J.
    Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
    Frey, Urs
    University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
    Howarth, Peter
    Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development in Health, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, Newport, United Kingdom.
    Horváth, Ildikó
    Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
    Krug, Norbert
    Fraunhofer ITEM, Hannover, Germany.
    Maitland-van der Zee, Anke H.
    Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Montuschi, Paolo
    Pharmacology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Agostino Gemelli University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy.
    Roberts, Graham
    Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development in Health, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, Newport, United Kingdom.
    Sanak, Marek
    Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
    Shaw, Dominick E.
    University of Nottingham, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
    Singer, Florian
    Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
    Sterk, Peter J.
    Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Djukanovic, Ratko
    Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development in Health, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, Newport, United Kingdom.
    Dahlen, Sven-Eric
    Centre for Allergy Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Guo, Yi-Ke
    Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Chung, Kian Fan
    National Heart and Lung Institute, the Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom.
    Guttman-Yassky, Emma
    Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States.
    Adcock, Ian M.
    National Heart and Lung Institute, the Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom.
    Mapping atopic dermatitis and anti–IL-22 response signatures to type 2–low severe neutrophilic asthma2022In: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0091-6749, E-ISSN 1097-6825, Vol. 149, no 1, p. 89-101Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Transcriptomic changes in patients who respond clinically to biological therapies may identify responses in other tissues or diseases.

    Objective: We sought to determine whether a disease signature identified in atopic dermatitis (AD) is seen in adults with severe asthma and whether a transcriptomic signature for patients with AD who respond clinically to anti–IL-22 (fezakinumab [FZ]) is enriched in severe asthma.

    Methods: An AD disease signature was obtained from analysis of differentially expressed genes between AD lesional and nonlesional skin biopsies. Differentially expressed genes from lesional skin from therapeutic superresponders before and after 12 weeks of FZ treatment defined the FZ-response signature. Gene set variation analysis was used to produce enrichment scores of AD and FZ-response signatures in the Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes asthma cohort.

    Results: The AD disease signature (112 upregulated genes) encompassing inflammatory, T-cell, TH2, and TH17/TH22 pathways was enriched in the blood and sputum of patients with asthma with increasing severity. Patients with asthma with sputum neutrophilia and mixed granulocyte phenotypes were the most enriched (P <.05). The FZ-response signature (296 downregulated genes) was enriched in asthmatic blood (P <.05) and particularly in neutrophilic and mixed granulocytic sputum (P <.05). These data were confirmed in sputum of the Airway Disease Endotyping for Personalized Therapeutics cohort. IL-22 mRNA across tissues did not correlate with FZ-response enrichment scores, but this response signature correlated with TH22/IL-22 pathways.

    Conclusions: The FZ-response signature in AD identifies severe neutrophilic asthmatic patients as potential responders to FZ therapy. This approach will help identify patients for future asthma clinical trials of drugs used successfully in other chronic diseases.

  • 13.
    Barath, Stefan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Respiratory and cardiovascular effects of exposure to oxidative air pollutants2011Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The negative effects of air pollution on morbidity and mortality have been known since the mid 20th century. The two most well known examples are the Meuse Valley disaster in the 1930’ies and the London black fog in December 1952. Whilst there are numerous epidemiological studies, in which associations between morbidity and mortality and high levels of pollutants have been reported, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Two of the main air pollutants are particulate matter (PM) mostly emanating from diesel exhaust (DE), and ozone, both of which are highly oxidative. Exposure to DE has resulted in adverse effects both in the respiratory tract and in the cardiovascular system. High ozone levels have also been shown to be associated with increased admissions to hospital for respiratory as well as cardiovascular conditions.

    The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the respiratory and cardiovascular effects of a combination of exposures to ozone and DE. DE generated during the urban part of the standardized European Transient Cycle (ETC) was compared to DE generated by an idling engine. It was also evaluated whether an acute exposure to ozone would have any effects on the cardiovascular system as assessed by venous occlusion forearm plethysmography and heart rate variability (HRV). In addition, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) was evaluated as a potential marker for acute exposure to ozone or DE.

    Methods: Four double-blind randomized cross-over exposure studies were conducted to investigate the effects of ozone and DE on both the respiratory tract and the vascular function in healthy volunteers. All of the exposures were performed in purposely built “walk-in” chambers with strictly controlled exposures. In the first study, the volunteers were exposed to DE (300µg/m3) generated by an idling engine or to air, for one hour in the morning and to ozone (200 ppb) for two hours in the afternoon. A bronchoscopy with bronchial wash (BW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 24 hours after the initial exposure. In study II and III, an assessment of vascular function using venous occlusion forearm plethysmography was performed after an exposure to DE (250 µg/m3) generated under transient running conditions, compared to air exposure (study II) and ozone and air exposure (study III). HRV was assessed under a 24 hour period starting before each exposure (study III). In study IV, FENO measurements were conducted after DE and ozone exposures to investigate whether the previously established airway inflammation would be detectable by this non-invasive method.

    Results: DE exposure enhanced the established ozone-induced airway inflammation in terms of a pronounced neutrophilia in BW. DE generated under transient running conditions, impaired vascular function in healthy volunteers, whereas exposure to ozone did not. HRV were not altered by exposure to ozone. Exposure to DE caused a significant increase in FENO at the 10  (FENO10) and 50 (FENO50) mL/s flow rates at 6 hours post-exposure, but ozone exposure did not affect FENO at any flow rate or time point.

    Conclusion: We have tried to mimic real-life exposure to air pollutants. In the first study, an exposure to DE followed by an exposure to ozone in the afternoon resulted in an enhanced airway inflammation, suggesting an additive or synergistic effect, supporting the epidemiological findings of unfavorable effects of the combination of these two air pollutants. DE generated by an engine running at the urban part of the standardized European Transient Cycle impaired two important and complementary aspects of vascular function, the regulation of vascular tone and endogenous fibrinolysis. This has previously been shown with DE generated at idling conditions. This suggests that the mechanisms behind the adverse effects can be found in the properties of the particles and not in the gaseous components. In these studies, exposure to ozone did not impair vascular function in healthy subjects, or cause any alterations in HRV. This suggests that the epidemiological evidence for an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality following acute exposure to ozone might not be totally accurate. Previous controlled exposure studies with ozone have not shown an airway inflammation affecting the endothelium, at least not in the same time-frame as following DE exposure. FENO could possibly be a useful tool for assessing airway inflammation caused by DE, whereas the powerful oxidant ozone did not affect FENO. This suggests that the airway inflammatory effects caused by these two pollutants are regulated via different mechanisms.

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  • 14.
    Barath, Stefan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Langrish, Jeremy P.
    Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
    Lundbäck, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Bosson, Jenny A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Goudie, Colin
    Newby, David E.
    Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Mills, Nicholas L.
    Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Short-Term Exposure to Ozone Does Not Impair Vascular Function or Affect Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Young Men2013In: Toxicological Sciences, ISSN 1096-6080, E-ISSN 1096-0929, Vol. 135, no 2, p. 292-299Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Air pollution exposure is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, yet the role of individual pollutants remains unclear. In particular, there is uncertainty regarding the acute effect of ozone exposure on cardiovascular disease. In these studies, we aimed to determine the effect of ozone exposure on vascular function, fibrinolysis, and the autonomic regulation of the heart. Thirty-six healthy men were exposed to ozone (300 ppb) and filtered air for 75min on two occasions in randomized double-blind crossover studies. Bilateral forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography before and during intra-arterial infusions of vasodilators 2–4 and 6–8h after each exposure. Heart rhythm and heart rate variability (HRV) were monitored during and 24h after exposure. Compared with filtered air, ozone exposure did not alter heart rate, blood pressure, or resting FBF at either 2 or 6h. There was a dose-dependent increase in FBF with all vasodilators that was similar after both exposures at 2–4h. Ozone exposure did not impair vasomotor or fibrinolytic function at 6–8h but rather increased vasodilatation to acetylcholine (p = .015) and sodium nitroprusside (p = .005). Ozone did not affect measures of HRV during or after the exposure. Our findings do not support a direct rapid effect of ozone on vascular function or cardiac autonomic control although we cannot exclude an effect of chronic exposure or an interaction between ozone and alternative air pollutants that may be responsible for the adverse cardiovascular health effects attributed to ozone.

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  • 15.
    Barath, Stefan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Mills, Nicholas L
    Lundbäck, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Törnqvist, Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Lucking, Andrew J
    Langrish, Jeremy P
    Söderberg, Stefan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Boman, Christoffer
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Energy Technology and Thermal Process Chemistry.
    Westerholm, Roger
    Löndahl, Jakob
    Donaldson, Ken
    Mudway, Ian S
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Newby, David E
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Impaired vascular function after exposure to diesel exhaust generated at urban transient running conditions2010In: Particle and Fibre Toxicology, E-ISSN 1743-8977, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 19-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Traffic emissions including diesel engine exhaust are associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Controlled human exposure studies have demonstrated impaired vascular function after inhalation of exhaust generated by a diesel engine under idling conditions.

    OBJECTIVES: To assess the vascular and fibrinolytic effects of exposure to diesel exhaust generated during urban-cycle running conditions that mimic ambient 'real-world' exposures.

    METHODS: In a randomised double-blind crossover study, eighteen healthy male volunteers were exposed to diesel exhaust (approximately 250 mug/m3) or filtered air for one hour during intermittent exercise. Diesel exhaust was generated during the urban part of the standardized European Transient Cycle. Six hours post-exposure, vascular vasomotor and fibrinolytic function was assessed during venous occlusion plethysmography with intra-arterial agonist infusions.

    MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Forearm blood flow increased in a dose-dependent manner with both endothelial-dependent (acetylcholine and bradykinin) and endothelial-independent (sodium nitroprusside and verapamil) vasodilators. Diesel exhaust exposure attenuated the vasodilatation to acetylcholine (P < 0.001), bradykinin (P < 0.05), sodium nitroprusside (P < 0.05) and verapamil (P < 0.001). In addition, the net release of tissue plasminogen activator during bradykinin infusion was impaired following diesel exhaust exposure (P < 0.05).

    CONCLUSION: Exposure to diesel exhaust generated under transient running conditions, as a relevant model of urban air pollution, impairs vasomotor function and endogenous fibrinolysis in a similar way as exposure to diesel exhaust generated at idling. This indicates that adverse vascular effects of diesel exhaust inhalation occur over different running conditions with varying exhaust composition and concentrations as well as physicochemical particle properties. Importantly, exposure to diesel exhaust under ETC conditions was also associated with a novel finding of impaired of calcium channel-dependent vasomotor function. This implies that certain cardiovascular endpoints seem to be related to general diesel exhaust properties, whereas the novel calcium flux-related effect may be associated with exhaust properties more specific for the ETC condition, for example a higher content of diesel soot particles along with their adsorbed organic compounds.

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  • 16.
    Barath, Stefan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Mills, Nicholas L.
    Ädelroth, Ellinor
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Olin, Anna-Carin
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Diesel exhaust but not ozone increases fraction of exhaled nitric oxide in a randomized controlled experimental exposure study of healthy human subjects2013In: Environmental Health, E-ISSN 1476-069X, Vol. 12, p. 36-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a promising non-invasive index of airway inflammation that may be used to assess respiratory effects of air pollution. We evaluated FENO as a measure of airway inflammation after controlled exposure to diesel exhaust or ozone. Methods: Healthy volunteers were exposed to either diesel exhaust (particle concentration 300 mu g/m(3)) and filtered air for one hour, or ozone (300 ppb) and filtered air for 75 minutes. FENO was measured in duplicate at expiratory flow rates of 10, 50, 100 and 270 mL/s before, 6 and 24 hours after each exposure. Results: Exposure to diesel exhaust increased FENO at 6 hours compared with air at expiratory flow rates of 10 mL/s (p = 0.01) and at 50 mL/s (p = 0.011), but FENO did not differ significantly at higher flow rates. Increases in FENO following diesel exhaust were attenuated at 24 hours. Ozone did not affect FENO at any flow rate or time point. Conclusions: Exposure to diesel exhaust, but not ozone, increased FENO concentrations in healthy subjects. Differences in the induction of airway inflammation may explain divergent responses to diesel exhaust and ozone, with implications for the use of FENO as an index of exposure to air pollution.

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  • 17.
    Barath, Stefan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Mills, Nicholas, L
    Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
    Ädelroth, Ellinor
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Olin, Anna-Carin
    Dept. of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide after experimental exposure to diesel exhaust and ozone in manManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a promising non-invasive index of airways inflammation that may be used to assess the respiratory effects of air pollution, and when sampled at multiple expiratory flow rates can measure inflammation at different levels of the airway tract. We evaluate FENO as a measure of airways inflammation after controlled exposure to dilute diesel exhaust and ozone.

    Methods: Using a double blind randomised cross-over design, healthy volunteers (26±5 years) were exposed to either diesel exhaust (particle concentration 300 µg/m3) and filtered air for one hour (n=10), or ozone(300 ppb) and filtered air for 75 minutes (n=36). FENO was measured in duplicate at expiratory flow rates of 10, 50, 100 and 270 mL/s before, 6 and 24 hours after the end of each exposure.

    Results: Exposure to diesel exhaust increased FENO at 6 hours compared to filtered air at expiratory flow rates of 10 mL/s [mean±SEM 60.8 ± 6.0 ppb versus 50.2 ± 5.9 ppb; P=0.01] and at 50 mL/s [18.6 ± 1.6 ppb versus 15.9 ± 1.5 ppb; P=0.011], but concentrations did not differ at higher flow rates. Increases in FENO following diesel exhaust were attenuated at 24 hours and exposure to ozone did not affect FENO at any flow rate or time point.

    Conclusion: Exposure to diesel exhaust, but not ozone, increases the concentration of FENO in healthy subjects consistent with an inflammatory effect in the central airways. Differences in the induction of airway inflammation may explain divergent responses to diesel exhaust and ozone with implications for the use of FENO as an index of exposure to air pollution.

  • 18. Becher, Rune
    et al.
    Bucht, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Øvrevik, Johan
    Hongslo, Jan K
    Dahlman, Hans Jørgen
    Samuelsen, Jan Tore
    Schwarze, Per E
    Involvement of NADPH oxidase and iNOS in rodent pulmonary cytokine responses to urban air and mineral particles.2007In: Inhal Toxicol, ISSN 1091-7691, Vol. 19, no 8, p. 645-55Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Behndig, Annelie F
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Helleday, Ragnberth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Duggan, Sean T
    Kelly, Frank J
    Mudway, Ian S
    Adaptive antioxidant responses at the air lung interface in healthy humans following ozone exposureManuscript (preprint) (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 20.
    Behndig, Annelie F
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Helleday, Ragnberth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Duggan, Sean T
    Kelly, Frank J
    Mudway, Ian S
    Antioxidant responses to acute ozone challenge in the healthy human airway2009In: Inhalation Toxicology, ISSN 0895-8378, E-ISSN 1091-7691, Vol. 21, no 11, p. 933-942Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to characterize ozone-induced antioxidant responses in the human airway, including the resident leukocyte population, bronchial mucosa, and respiratory-tract lining fluids. Fifteen healthy subjects were exposed to 0.2 ppm ozone for 2 h, with bronchial wash, bronchoalveolar lavage, and biopsy sampling performed 6 h postexposure. Nasal lavage was also performed at multiple time points pre- and postexposure to evaluate responses during the actual exposure period. During the ozone challenge significant losses of nasal lining fluid urate and vitamin C were observed, which resolved 6 h postexposure. At this time point, increased numbers of neutrophils and enhanced concentrations of total glutathione, vitamin C, and urate were seen in bronchial airway lavages. In bronchoalveolar lavage, increased concentrations of total glutathione, vitamin C, urate, alpha-tocopherol, and extracellular superoxide dismutase occurred 6 h post ozone. In alveolar leukocytes significant losses of glutathione were observed, whereas ascorbate concentrations in endobronchial mucosal biopsies were elevated after ozone at this time. These data demonstrate that ozone elicits a broad spectrum of airway antioxidant responses, with initial losses of vitamin C and urate followed by a phase of augmentation of low-molecular-weight antioxidant concentrations at the air-lung interface. The temporal association between the increased RTLF glutathione following ozone and the loss of this thiol from macrophages implies a mobilization to the lung surface, despite the absence of a quantitative association. We propose this constitutes an acute protective adaptation to ozone.

  • 21.
    Behndig, Annelie F
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Helleday, Ragnberth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Kelly, Frank J
    Mudway, Ian S
    Augmentation of respiratory tract lining fluid ascorbate concentrations through supplementation with vitamin C.2009In: Inhalation toxicology, ISSN 1091-7691, Vol. 21, no 3, p. 250-8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Low molecular weight antioxidants within human respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLFs) have been proposed to confer protection against the damaging action of inhaled oxidant gases. There is therefore considerable interest in augmenting the concentrations of these moieties at the air-lung interface to protect against injury to the airway epithelium, the induction of inflammation, and declines in lung function. To determine whether RTLF ascorbate concentrations could be augmented through vitamin C supplementation, 24 healthy subjects with low plasma ascorbate (< 50 microM) were recruited into a double-blinded study. Subjects were divided into two groups, one receiving 60 mg/day of vitamin C for 14 days, the other placebo. On days 8 and 15 of this protocol, plasma, urine, and nasal lavage were obtained for ascorbate determination. After a 7-14-day non-intervention period, subjects previously on placebo received supplements containing 125 mg ascorbate, whilst the group previously on supplements received the placebo compound. This "switching" protocol was repeated three more times utilizing 250, 500, and 1000 mg/day ascorbate dosage regimens. Plasma ascorbate increased incrementally with vitamin C dose, as did its urinary excretion. Despite this, nasal lavage concentrations remained unaltered 24 h after the final supplement at all doses. Closer examination of this issue demonstrated that nasal lavage ascorbate concentrations increased acutely after ingestion of a high dose (1000 mg) supplement, peaking at 2-4 h (p < 0.05) before returning to baseline concentrations 24 h post-supplement. In the absence of a quantitative association between plasma and lavage ascorbate concentrations we contend that this response does not simply reflect ascorbate transudation from the plasma and interstitial space into the lavage medium. We therefore conclude that RTLF ascorbate can be augmented, albeit transiently, by oral vitamin C supplementation, with the transient nature of this response likely reflecting oxidative losses within the RTLF or its sequestration into airway cells.

  • 22.
    Behndig, Annelie F
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Larsson, Nirina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Brown, Joanna L
    Stenfors, Nikolai
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Helleday, Ragnberth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Duggan, Sean T
    Dove, Rosamund E
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Wilson, Susan J
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Kelly, Frank J
    Mudway, Ian S
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Proinflammatory doses of diesel exhaust in healthy subjects fail to elicit equivalent or augmented airway inflammation in subjects with asthma2011In: Thorax, ISSN 0040-6376, E-ISSN 1468-3296, Vol. 66, no 1, p. 12-19Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Exposure to diesel exhaust at concentrations consistent with roadside levels elicited an acute and active neutrophilic inflammation in the airways of healthy subjects. This response was absent in subjects with asthma, as was evidence supporting a worsening of allergic airway inflammation.

  • 23.
    Behndig, Annelie F.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Linder, Robert
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Lindberg, Anne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Pourazar, Jamshid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Inflammatory Markers In Different COPD Subgroups Compared To Smokers And Healthy Controls2015In: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, ISSN 1073-449X, E-ISSN 1535-4970, Vol. 191, article id A2884Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Behndig, Annelie F
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Mudway, Ian S
    Helleday, Ragnberth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Kelly, Frank J
    Ascorbate and dehydroascorbate in nasal lining fluid following vitamin C supplementationManuscript (preprint) (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 25.
    Behndig, Annelie F.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Shanmuganathan, Karthika
    Whitmarsh, Laura
    Stenfors, Nikolai
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Östersund Research Unit, Umeå University. .
    Brown, Joanna L.
    Frew, Anthony J.
    Kelly, Frank J.
    Mudway, Ian S.
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Wilson, Susan J.
    Effects of controlled diesel exhaust exposure on apoptosis and proliferation markers in bronchial epithelium: an in vivo bronchoscopy study on asthmatics, rhinitics and healthy subjects2015In: BMC Pulmonary Medicine, E-ISSN 1471-2466, Vol. 15, article id 99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Epidemiological evidence demonstrates that exposure to traffic-derived pollution worsens respiratory symptoms in asthmatics, but controlled human exposure studies have failed to provide a mechanism for this effect. Here we investigated whether diesel exhaust (DE) would induce apoptosis or proliferation in the bronchial epithelium in vivo and thus contribute to respiratory symptoms.

    Methods: Moderate (n = 16) and mild (n = 16) asthmatics, atopic non-asthmatic controls (rhinitics) (n = 13) and healthy controls (n = 21) were exposed to filtered air or DE (100 μg/m 3 ) for 2 h, on two separate occasions. Bronchial biopsies were taken 18 h post-exposure and immunohistochemically analysed for pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bad, Bak, p85 PARP, Fas, Bcl-2) and a marker of proliferation (Ki67). Positive staining was assessed within the epithelium using computerized image analysis.

    Results: No evidence of epithelial apoptosis or proliferation was observed in healthy, allergic or asthmatic airways following DE challenge.

    Conclusion: In the present study, we investigated whether DE exposure would affect markers of proliferation and apoptosis in the bronchial epithelium of asthmatics, rhinitics and healthy controls, providing a mechanistic basis for the reported increased airway sensitivity in asthmatics to air pollutants. In this first in vivo exposure investigation, we found no evidence of diesel exhaust-induced effects on these processes in the subject groups investigated.

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  • 26.
    Behndig, Annelie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Mudway, IS
    Brown, JL
    Stenfors, Nikolai
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Helleday, Ragnberth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Duggan, ST
    Wilson, SJ
    Boman, C
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Energy Technology and Thermal Process Chemistry.
    Cassee, FR
    Frew, AJ
    Kelly, FJ
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Airway antioxidant and inflammatory responses to diesel exhaust exposure in healthy humans.2006In: European Respiratory Journal, ISSN 0903-1936, E-ISSN 1399-3003, Vol. 27, no 2, p. 359-365Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Pulmonary cells exposed to diesel exhaust (DE) particles in vitro respond in a hierarchical fashion with protective antioxidant responses predominating at low doses and inflammation and injury only occurring at higher concentrations. In the present study, the authors examined whether similar responses occurred in vivo, specifically whether antioxidants were upregulated following a low-dose DE challenge and investigated how these responses related to the development of airway inflammation at different levels of the respiratory tract where particle dose varies markedly. A total of 15 volunteers were exposed to DE (100 microg x m(-3) airborne particulate matter with a diameter of <10 microm for 2 h) and air in a double-blinded, randomised fashion. At 18 h post-exposure, bronchoscopy was performed with lavage and mucosal biopsies taken to assess airway redox and inflammatory status. Following DE exposure, the current authors observed an increase in bronchial mucosa neutrophil and mast cell numbers, as well as increased neutrophil numbers, interleukin-8 and myeloperoxidase concentrations in bronchial lavage. No inflammatory responses were seen in the alveolar compartment, but both reduced glutathione and urate concentrations were increased following diesel exposure. In conclusion, the lung inflammatory response to diesel exhaust is compartmentalised, related to differing antioxidant responses in the conducting airway and alveolar regions.

  • 27.
    Behndig, Annelie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Mudway, IS
    Brown, JL
    Stenfors, Nikolai
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Helleday, Ragnberth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Duggan, ST
    Wilson, SJ
    Boman, Christoffer
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Energy Technology and Thermal Process Chemistry.
    Cassee, FR
    Frew, AJ
    Kelly, FJ
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Airway antioxidant and inflammatory responses to diesel exhaust exposure in healthy humans.2006In: European Respiratory Journal, ISSN 0903-1936, E-ISSN 1399-3003, Vol. 27, no 2, p. 359-365Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Pulmonary cells exposed to diesel exhaust (DE) particles in vitro respond in a hierarchical fashion with protective antioxidant responses predominating at low doses and inflammation and injury only occurring at higher concentrations. In the present study, the authors examined whether similar responses occurred in vivo, specifically whether antioxidants were upregulated following a low-dose DE challenge and investigated how these responses related to the development of airway inflammation at different levels of the respiratory tract where particle dose varies markedly. A total of 15 volunteers were exposed to DE (100 microg x m(-3) airborne particulate matter with a diameter of <10 microm for 2 h) and air in a double-blinded, randomised fashion. At 18 h post-exposure, bronchoscopy was performed with lavage and mucosal biopsies taken to assess airway redox and inflammatory status. Following DE exposure, the current authors observed an increase in bronchial mucosa neutrophil and mast cell numbers, as well as increased neutrophil numbers, interleukin-8 and myeloperoxidase concentrations in bronchial lavage. No inflammatory responses were seen in the alveolar compartment, but both reduced glutathione and urate concentrations were increased following diesel exposure. In conclusion, the lung inflammatory response to diesel exhaust is compartmentalised, related to differing antioxidant responses in the conducting airway and alveolar regions.

  • 28. Bergström, G
    et al.
    Berglund, G
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Brandberg, J
    Engström, G
    Engvall, J
    Eriksson, M
    de Faire, U
    Flinck, A
    Hansson, M G
    Hedblad, B
    Hjelmgren, O
    Janson, C
    Jernberg, T
    Johnsson, Å
    Johansson, L
    Lind, L
    Löfdahl, C-G
    Melander, O
    Östgren, C J
    Persson, A
    Persson, M
    Sandström, Anette
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology.
    Schmidt, C
    Söderberg, Stefan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology.
    Sundström, J
    Toren, K
    Waldenström, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology. Thoracic Center, Umeå University Hospital.
    Wedel, H
    Vikgren, J
    Fagerberg, B
    Rosengren, A
    The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study: objectives and design.2015In: Journal of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0954-6820, E-ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 278, no 6, p. 645-659Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.

  • 29.
    Bjerg, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Ekerljung, Linda
    Middelveld, Roelinde
    Dahlén, Sven-Erik
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Franklin, Karl
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Larsson, Kjell
    Lötvall, Jan
    Ólafsdóttir, Inga Sif
    Torén, Kjell
    Lundbäck, Bo
    Janson, Christer
    Increased prevalence of symptoms of rhinitis but not of asthma between 1990 and 2008 in Swedish adults: comparisons of the ECRHS and GA2LEN surveys2011In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 6, no 2, p. e16082-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    The increase in asthma prevalence until 1990 has been well described. Thereafter, time trends are poorly known, due to the low number of high quality studies. The preferred method for studying time trends in prevalence is repeated surveys of similar populations. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of asthma symptoms and their major determinants, rhinitis and smoking, in Swedish young adults in 1990 and 2008.

    Methods

    In 1990 the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) studied respiratory symptoms, asthma, rhinitis and smoking in a population-based sample (86% participation) in Sweden. In 2008 the same symptom questions were included in the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) survey (60% participation). Smoking questions were however differently worded. The regions (Gothenburg, Uppsala, Umeå) and age interval (20–44 years) surveyed both in 1990 (n = 8,982) and 2008 (n = 9,156) were analysed.

    Results

    The prevalence of any wheeze last 12 months decreased from 20% to 16% (p<0.001), and the prevalence of “asthma-related symptoms” was unchanged at 7%. However, either having asthma attacks or using asthma medications increased from 6% to 8% (p<0.001), and their major risk factor, rhinitis, increased from 22% to 31%. Past and present smoking decreased.

    Conclusion

    From 1990 to 2008 the prevalence of obstructive airway symptoms common in asthma did not increase in Swedish young adults. This supports the few available international findings suggesting the previous upward trend in asthma has recently reached a plateau. The fact that wheeze did not increase despite the significant increment in rhinitis, may at least in part be due to the decrease in smoking.

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  • 30.
    Bjerg, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Hedman, Linnea
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Perzanowski, Matthew S
    Platts-Mills, Thomas
    Lundbäck, Bo
    Rönmark, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Family history of asthma and atopy: in-depth analyses of the impact on asthma and wheeze in 7- to 8-year-old children.2007In: Pediatrics, ISSN 1098-4275, Vol. 120, no 4, p. 741-8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: Development of asthma in children is influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. It is unclear whether paternal or maternal histories of disease confer different risks. Previous population-based studies have not stratified analyses by child gender and sensitization status. Our aim was to study in detail the hereditary component of childhood asthma. METHODS: A population-based cohort of 3430 (97% of invited) 7- to 8-year-old school children participated in an expanded International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood survey, and two thirds were skin-prick tested. Heredity was defined as a family history of (1) asthma and (2) atopy (allergic rhinitis or eczema). Multivariate analyses corrected for known risk factors for asthma. RESULTS: At ages 7 to 8, prevalence of asthma was 5.3% among the children and 9.0% among the parents. In children without parental asthma or parental atopy, the prevalence of asthma was 2.8%. Corrected for parental asthma, parental atopy was a weak but significant risk factor. There were minor differences in the impact of parental disease between sensitized and nonsensitized children and between boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS: As risk factors for childhood asthma, there were major differences between parental asthma and parental atopy. Sibling asthma was only a marker of parental disease. Interactions between parental disease and the child's allergic sensitization or gender were not statistically significant. Asthma in both parents conferred a multiplicative risk, whereas the effect of parental atopy was additive, however limited. Asthma and atopy, despite their causal relationship, are separate entities and could be inherited differently. This large, population-based, and well-characterized cohort study does not confirm parent-of-origin effects found in previous studies.

  • 31.
    Bjerg, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine. The OLIN Studies, Department of Medicine, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, Luleå.
    Rönmark, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine. The OLIN Studies, Department of Medicine, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, Luleå.
    Asthma in school age: prevalence and risk factors by time and by age2008In: Clinical Respiratory Journal, ISSN 1752-6981, E-ISSN 1752-699X, Vol. 2, no Suppl 1, p. 123-126Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Childhood is the most important age for asthma development. Recent reports indicate that the prevalence of asthma. in children has plateaued after having increased for decades.

    Aims: To study prevalence and risk factor patterns of asthma by age and by time.

    Methods: In 1996, all children in grade 1-2 (age 7-8) in three cities ill Northern Sweden were invited to an expanded International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. A total of 3430 children (97%) participated yearly until 2000 (age 11-12). A subset (n = 2454) was invited to skill-prick testing in 1996 and 2000 with 88% and 90% participation. In 2006, another cohort (n = 2704) was identified and studied by identical methods with 96% participation. A total of 1700 children (90% of invited) were skin-prick tested.

    Results and comments: From age 7-8 to 11-12, the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma increased, 5.7%-7.7% (P<0.01) while current wheeze decreased, 11.7%-9.4% (P < 0.01), indicating a less diverse spectrum of symptoms with age. The yearly remission from asthma was 10% (lasting remission 5%), largely determined by allergic sensitisation. Allergic sensitisation (OR 5) and a family history of asthma (OR 3) were important risk factors for asthma at age 7-8 and 11-12. However, several other significant risk factors at age 7-8 (low birth weight, respiratory infections and house dampness) lost importance until age 11-12. Maternal and paternal asthma were equally important risk factors (OR 3-4) at age 7-8. Sibling asthma was only a marker of parental disease.

    Future perspectives: Through comparison with the 2006 cohort, trends in prevalence and in risk factors from 1996 to 2006 will be studied.

  • 32.
    Bjerg, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine. The OLIN Studies, Department of Medicine, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, Luleå.
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Lundbäck, B
    Rönnmark, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. The OLIN Studies, Department of Medicine, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, Luleå.
    Time trends in asthma and wheeze in Swedish children 1996-2006: prevalence and risk factors by sex2010In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0105-4538, E-ISSN 1398-9995, Vol. 65, no 1, p. 48-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Recent data suggest that the previously rising trend in childhood wheezing symptoms has plateaued in some regions. We sought to investigate sex-specific trends in wheeze, asthma, allergic conditions, allergic sensitization and risk factors for wheeze.

    Methods: We compared two population-based cohorts of 7 to 8-year olds from the same Swedish towns in 1996 and 2006 using parental expanded ISAAC questionnaires. In 1996, 3430 (97%) and in 2006, 2585 (96%) questionnaires were completed. A subset was skin prick tested: in 1996, 2148 (88%) and in 2006, 1700 (90%) children participated.

    Results: No significant change in the prevalence of current wheeze (P = 0.13), allergic rhinitis (P = 0.18) or eczema (P = 0.22) was found despite an increase in allergic sensitization (20.6-29.9%, P < 0.01). In boys, however, the prevalence of current wheeze (12.9-16.4%, P < 0.01), physician-diagnosed asthma (7.1-9.3%, P = 0.03) and asthma medication use increased. In girls the prevalence of current symptoms and conditions tended to decrease. The prevalence of all studied risk factors for wheeze and asthma increased in boys relative to girls from 1996 to 2006, thus increasing the boy-to-girl prevalence ratio in risk factors.

    Conclusions: The previously reported increase in current wheezing indices has plateaued in Sweden. Due to increased diagnostic activity, physician diagnoses continue to increase. Time trends in wheezing symptoms differed between boys and girls, and current wheeze increased in boys. This was seemingly explained by the observed increases in the prevalence of risk factors for asthma in boys compared with girls. In contrast to the current symptoms of wheeze, rhinitis or eczema, the prevalence of allergic sensitization increased considerably.

  • 33.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Update in environmental and occupational medicine 20112012In: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, ISSN 1073-449X, E-ISSN 1535-4970, Vol. 185, no 11, p. 1166-1170Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 34.
    Blomberg, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Sköld, M
    Linden, A
    Patofysiologi vid KOL2009In: Lungmedicin / [ed] Thomas Sandström, Anders Eklund, Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur , 2009, p. 371-385Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 35. Bolling, Anette Kocbach
    et al.
    Totlandsdal, Annike Irene
    Sallsten, Gerd
    Braun, Artur
    Westerholm, Roger
    Bergvall, Christoffer
    Boman, Johan
    Dahlman, Hans Jorgen
    Sehlstedt, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Cassee, Flemming
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Schwarze, Per E.
    Herseth, Jan Inge
    Wood smoke particles from different combustion phases induce similar pro-inflammatory effects in a co-culture of monocyte and pneumocyte cell lines2012In: Particle and Fibre Toxicology, E-ISSN 1743-8977, Vol. 9, p. 45-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been linked to several adverse cardiopulmonary effects, probably via biological mechanisms involving inflammation. The pro-inflammatory potential of PM depends on the particles' physical and chemical characteristics, which again depend on the emitting source. Wood combustion is a major source of ambient air pollution in Northern countries during the winter season. The overall aim of this study was therefore to investigate cellular responses to wood smoke particles (WSPs) collected from different phases of the combustion cycle, and from combustion at different temperatures. Results: WSPs from different phases of the combustion cycle induced very similar effects on pro-inflammatory mediator release, cytotoxicity and cell number, whereas WSPs from medium-temperature combustion were more cytotoxic than WSPs from high-temperature incomplete combustion. Furthermore, comparisons of effects induced by native WSPs with the corresponding organic extracts and washed particles revealed that the organic fraction was the most important determinant for the WSP-induced effects. However, the responses induced by the organic fraction could generally not be linked to the content of the measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), suggesting that also other organic compounds were involved. Conclusion: The toxicity of WSPs seems to a large extent to be determined by stove type and combustion conditions, rather than the phase of the combustion cycle. Notably, this toxicity seems to strongly depend on the organic fraction, and it is probably associated with organic components other than the commonly measured unsubstituted PAHs.

  • 36. Boman, C
    et al.
    Forsberg, B
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Enviromental Medicine.
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Shedding new light on wood smoke: a risk factor for respiratory health.2006In: Eur Respir J, ISSN 0903-1936, Vol. 27, no 3, p. 446-7Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 37.
    Boman, Christoffer
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Forsberg, B
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Shedding new light on wood smoke: a risk factor for respiratory health.2006In: Eur Respir J, ISSN 0903-1936, Vol. 27, no 3, p. 446-7Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 38.
    Bosson, Jenny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Ozone and diesel exhaust: airway signaling, inflammation and pollutant interactions2007Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    It is well established that air pollution has detrimental effects on both human health as well as the environment. Exposure to ozone and particulate matter pollution, is associated with an increase in cardiopulmonary mortality and morbidity. Asthmatics, elderly and children have been indicated as especially sensitive groups. With a global increase in use of vehicles and industry, ambient air pollution represents a crucial health concern as well as a political, economical and environmental dilemma.

    Both ozone (O3) and diesel exhaust (DE) trigger oxidative stress and inflammation in the airways, causing symptoms such as wheezing, coughing and reduced lung function. The aim of this thesis was to further examine which pro-inflammatory signaling pathways that are initiated in the airways by ozone, as compared to diesel exhaust. Furthermore, to study the effects of these two ambient air pollutants in a sequential exposure, thus mimicking an urban profile. In order to investigate this in healthy as well as asthmatic subjects, walk-in exposure chambers were utilized and various airway compartments were studied by obtaining induced sputum, endobronchial biopsies, or airway lavage fluids.

    In asthmatic subjects, exposure to 0.2 ppm of O3 induced an increase in the cytokines IL 5, GM-CSF and ENA-78 in the bronchial epithelium six hours post-exposure. The healthy subjects, however, displayed no elevations of bronchial epithelial cytokine expression in response to the ozone exposure. The heightened levels of neutrophil chemoattractants and Th2 cytokines in the asthmatic airway epithelium may contribute to symptom exacerbations following air pollution exposure.

    When examining an earlier time point post O3 exposure (1½ hours), healthy subjects exhibited a suppression of IL-8 as well as of the transcription factors NFκB and c-jun in the bronchial epithelium, as opposed to after filtered air exposure. This inhibition of early signal transduction in the bronchial epithelium after O3 differs from the response detected after exposure to DE.

    Since both O3 and DE are associated with generating airway neutrophilia as well as causing direct oxidative damage, it raises the query of whether daily exposure to these two air pollutants creates a synergistic or additive effect. Induced sputum attained from healthy subjects exposed in sequence to 0.2 ppm of O3 five hours following DE at a PM concentration of 300 µg/m3, demonstrated significantly increased neutrophils, and elevated MPO levels, as compared to the sequential DE and filtered air exposure.

    O3 and DE interactions were further investigated by analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial wash. It was demonstrated that pre-exposure to DE, as compared to filtered air, enhances the O3-induced airway inflammation, in terms of an increase in neutrophil and macrophage numbers in BW and higher EPX expression in BAL.

    In conclusion, this thesis has aspired to expand the knowledge of O3-induced inflammatory pathways in humans, observing a divergence to the previously described DE initiated responses. Moreover, a potentially adverse airway inflammation augmentation has been revealed after exposure to a relevant ambient combination of these air pollutants. This provides a foundation towards an understanding of the cumulative airway effects when exposed to a combination of ambient air pollutants and may have implications regarding future regulations of exposure limits.

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  • 39.
    Bosson, Jenny A.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Update in Environmental and Occupational Medicine 20122013In: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, ISSN 1073-449X, E-ISSN 1535-4970, Vol. 188, no 1, p. 18-22Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 40.
    Bosson, Jenny A
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Stenfors, Nikolai
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Helleday, Ragnberth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Kelly, Frank J.
    Behndig, Annelie F.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Mudway, Ian S.
    Peripheral blood neutrophilia as a biomarker of ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation2013In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 12, article id e81816Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Ozone concentrations are predicted to increase over the next 50 years due to global warming and the increased release of precursor chemicals. It is therefore urgent that good, reliable biomarkers are available to quantify the toxicity of this pollutant gas at the population level. Such a biomarker would need to be easily performed, reproducible, economically viable, and reflective of ongoing pathological processes occurring within the lung.

    METHODOLOGY: We examined whether blood neutrophilia occurred following a controlled ozone challenge and addressed whether this could serve as a biomarker for ozone-induced airway inflammation. Three separate groups of healthy subjects were exposed to ozone (0.2 ppm, 2h) and filtered air (FA) on two separate occasions. Peripheral blood samples were collected and bronchoscopy with biopsy sampling and lavages was performed at 1.5h post exposures in group 1 (n=13), at 6h in group 2 (n=15) and at 18h in group 3 (n=15). Total and differential cell counts were assessed in blood, bronchial tissue and airway lavages.

    RESULTS: In peripheral blood, we observed fewer neutrophils 1.5h after ozone compared with the parallel air exposure (-1.1±1.0x10(9) cells/L, p<0.01), at 6h neutrophil numbers were increased compared to FA (+1.2±1.3x10(9) cells/L, p<0.01), and at 18h this response had fully attenuated. Ozone induced a peak in neutrophil numbers at 6h post exposure in all compartments examined, with a positive correlation between the response in blood and bronchial biopsies.

    CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate a systemic neutrophilia in healthy subjects following an acute ozone exposure, which mirrors the inflammatory response in the lung mucosa and lumen. This relationship suggests that blood neutrophilia could be used as a relatively simple functional biomarker for the effect of ozone on the lung.

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  • 41.
    Bosson, Jenny A.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Mudway, Ian S.
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Traffic-related Air Pollution, Health, and Allergy: The Role of Nitrogen Dioxide2019In: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, ISSN 1073-449X, E-ISSN 1535-4970, Vol. 200, no 5, p. 523-524Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 42.
    Bosson, Jenny. A.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Pourazar, Jamshid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Connolly-Andersen, Anne-Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases.
    Rankin, Gregory
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Langrish, J. P.
    Increased Soluble Thrombomodulin In Plasma Following Diesel Exhaust Exposure2015In: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, ISSN 1073-449X, E-ISSN 1535-4970, Vol. 191, article id A3210Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 43.
    Bosson, Jenny
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Barath, Stefan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Pourazar, Jamshid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Behndig, Annelie F
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Ädelroth, Ellinor
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Diesel exhaust exposure enhances the ozone-induced airway inflammation in healthy humans2008In: European Respiratory Journal, ISSN 0903-1936, E-ISSN 1399-3003, Vol. 31, no 6, p. 1234-1240Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Exposure to particulate matter and ozone cause adverse airway reactions. Individual pollutant effects are often addressed separately, despite coexisting in ambient air. The present investigation was performed to study the effects of sequential exposures to diesel exhaust (DE) and ozone on airway inflammation in human subjects. Healthy subjects underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial wash (BW) sampling on two occasions. Once following a DE exposure (with 300 mug.m(-3) particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 mum) with subsequent exposure to O(3) (0.2 ppm) 5 h later. The other bronchoscopy was performed after a filtered air exposure followed by an ozone exposure, using an identical protocol. Bronchoscopy was performed 24 h after the start of the initial exposure. Significant increases in neutrophil and macrophage numbers were found in BW after DE followed by ozone exposure versus air followed by ozone exposure. DE pre-exposure also raised eosinophil protein X levels in BAL compared with air. The present study indicates additive effects of diesel exhaust on the ozone-induced airway inflammation. Together with similar results from a recent study with sequential diesel exhaust and ozone exposures, the present data stress a need to consider the interaction and cumulative effects of different air pollutants.

  • 44.
    Bosson, Jenny
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Pourazar, Jamshid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Mudway, Ian
    Frew, Anthony
    Kelly, Frank
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Early suppression of NFκB and IL-8 bronchial epithelium after ozone exposure in healthy human subjects2009In: Inhalation Toxicology, ISSN 0895-8378, E-ISSN 1091-7691, Vol. 21, no 11, p. 913-919Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Exposure to elevated concentrations of ozone, a common air pollutant, has been associated with numerous adverse health effects. We have previously reported the time-course of ozone-induced airway inflammation, demonstrating an early up-regulation of vascular endothelial adhesion molecules in bronchial mucosa at 1.5 hours, followed by a neutrophilic infiltration 6 hours after exposure to 0.2 ppm ozone. We hypothesized that the neutrophilic infiltration in the bronchial mucosa would reflect an early increase in bronchial epithelial expression of redox-sensitive transcription factors and kinases regulating neutrophil chemoattractant expression. To test this hypothesis, endobronchial biopsies were obtained from healthy human subjects (n = 11) 1.5 hours after 0.2 ppm of ozone and filtered air exposures (lasting for 2 hours) and stained for mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), transcription factors, and neutrophil chemoattractants. Total epithelial staining was quantified, as well as the extent of nuclear translocation. Contrary to expectation, ozone significantly suppressed total and nuclear expression of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) in bronchial epithelial cells (p = 0.02 and p = 0.003 respectively). Similarly, the total staining for phosphorylated C-jun was suppressed (p = 0.021). Expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the bronchial epithelium was likewise decreased after ozone (p = 0.018), while GRO-α, ENA-78, C-fos, p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK stainings were unchanged. These data suggest that the redox-sensitive NFκB and activator protein 1 (AP-1) pathways within the human bronchial epithelium do not seem to be involved in the early inflammatory cell recruitment pathways in healthy subjects exposed to ozone.

  • 45.
    Bosson, Jenny
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Pourazar, Jamshid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Mudway, Ian S
    Frew, Anthony J
    Kelly, Frank J
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Early suppression of NFkappaB and IL-8 in bronchial epithelium after ozone exposure in healthy human subjects2009In: Inhalation Toxicology, ISSN 0895-8378, E-ISSN 1091-7691, Vol. 21, no 11, p. 913-919Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Exposure to elevated concentrations of ozone, a common air pollutant, has been associated with numerous adverse health effects. We have previously reported the time-course of ozone-induced airway inflammation, demonstrating an early up-regulation of vascular endothelial adhesion molecules in bronchial mucosa at 1.5 hours, followed by a neutrophilic infiltration 6 hours after exposure to 0.2 ppm ozone. We hypothesized that the neutrophilic infiltration in the bronchial mucosa would reflect an early increase in bronchial epithelial expression of redox-sensitive transcription factors and kinases regulating neutrophil chemoattractant expression. To test this hypothesis, endobronchial biopsies were obtained from healthy human subjects (n = 11) 1.5 hours after 0.2 ppm of ozone and filtered air exposures (lasting for 2 hours) and stained for mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), transcription factors, and neutrophil chemoattractants. Total epithelial staining was quantified, as well as the extent of nuclear translocation. Contrary to expectation, ozone significantly suppressed total and nuclear expression of nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) in bronchial epithelial cells (p = 0.02 and p = 0.003 respectively). Similarly, the total staining for phosphorylated C-jun was suppressed (p = 0.021). Expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the bronchial epithelium was likewise decreased after ozone (p = 0.018), while GRO-alpha, ENA-78, C-fos, p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK stainings were unchanged. These data suggest that the redox-sensitive NFkappaB and activator protein 1 (AP-1) pathways within the human bronchial epithelium do not seem to be involved in the early inflammatory cell recruitment pathways in healthy subjects exposed to ozone.

  • 46.
    Bosson, Jenny
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Pourazar, Jamshid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Ädelroth, Ellinor
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Ozone enhances the airway inflammation initiated by diesel exhaust.2007In: Respiratory Medicine, ISSN 0954-6111, E-ISSN 1532-3064, Vol. 101, no 6, p. 1140-1146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse health effects, with particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O(3)) both indicated to be of considerable importance. Diesel engine exhaust (DE) and O(3) generate substantial inflammatory effects in the airways. However, as yet it has not been determined whether a subsequent O(3) exposure would add to the diesel-induced airway inflammatory effects. Healthy subjects underwent two separate exposure series: A 1-h DE exposure at a PM-concentration of 300 microg/m(3), followed after 5h by a 2-h exposure to filtered air and 0.2 ppm O(3), respectively. Induced sputum was collected 18 h after the second exposure. A significant increase in the percentage of neutrophils (PMN) and concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was seen in sputum post DE+O(3) vs. DE+air (p<0.05 and <0.05, respectively). Significant associations were observed between the responses in MPO concentration and total PMN cells (p=0.001), and also between MPO and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) (p<0.001). The significant increase of PMN and MPO after the DE+O(3) exposures, compared to DE+air, denotes an O(3)-induced magnification of the DE-induced inflammation. Furthermore, the correlation between responses in MPO and number of PMNs and MMP-9 illustrate that the PMNs are activated, resulting in a more potent inflammatory response. The present study indicates that O(3) exposure adds significantly to the inflammatory response that is established by diesel exhaust. This interaction between exposure to particulate pollution and O(3) in sequence should be taken into consideration when health effects of air pollution are considered.

  • 47.
    Bosson, Jenny
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Stenfors, Nikolai
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Bucht, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Helleday, Ragnberth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Pourazar, Jamshid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Holgate, Stephen
    Kelly, Frank
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Wilson, Susan
    Frew, Anthony
    Ozone-induced bronchial epithelial cytokine expression differs between healthy and asthmatic subjects2003In: Clinical and Experimental Allergy, ISSN 0954-7894, E-ISSN 1365-2222, Vol. 33, no 6, p. 777-782Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Ozone (O3) is a common air pollutant associated with adverse health effects. Asthmatics have been suggested to be a particularly sensitive group.

    Objective This study evaluated whether bronchial epithelial cytokine expression would differ between healthy and allergic asthmatics after ozone exposure, representing an explanatory model for differences in susceptibility.

    Methods Healthy and mild allergic asthmatic subjects (using only inhaled β2-agonists prn) were exposed for 2 h in blinded and randomized sequence to 0.2 ppm of O3 and filtered air. Bronchoscopy with bronchial mucosal biopsies was performed 6 h after exposure. Biopsies were embedded in GMA and stained with mAbs for epithelial expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, GRO-α, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM–CSF), fractalkine and ENA-78.

    Results When comparing the two groups at baseline, the asthmatic subjects showed a significantly higher expression of IL-4 and IL-5. After O3 exposure the epithelial expression of IL-5, GM–CSF, ENA-78 and IL-8 increased significantly in asthmatics, as compared to healthy subjects.

    Conclusion The present study confirms a difference in epithelial cytokine expression between mild atopic asthmatics and healthy controls, as well as a differential epithelial cytokine response to O3. This O3-induced upregulation of T helper type 2 (Th2)-related cytokines and neutrophil chemoattractants shown in the asthmatic group may contribute to a subsequent worsening of the airway inflammation, and help to explain their differential sensitivity to O3 pollution episodes.

  • 48.
    Bouleau, Robin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    The Acute Effects of Diesel and Biodiesel Exhaust Exposure on Levels of Microparticles in the Blood of Healthy Volunteers.2014Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 49.
    Brynedal, Amelie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Acute Effects of Active E-Cigarette Inhalation on Vascular Stiffness: A randomized double-blind crossover study on electronic cigarette inhalation and effects on arterial stiffness in healthy volunteers2016Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 50. Burg, Dominic
    et al.
    Schofield, James P. R.
    Brandsma, Joost
    Staykova, Doroteya
    Folisi, Caterina
    Bansal, Aruna
    Nicholas, Ben
    Xian, Yang
    Rowe, Anthony
    Corfield, Julie
    Wilson, Susan
    Ward, Jonathan
    Lutter, Rene
    Fleming, Louise
    Shaw, Dominick E.
    Bakke, Per S.
    Caruso, Massimo
    Dahlen, Sven-Erik
    Fowler, Stephen J.
    Hashimoto, Simone
    Horvath, Ildiko
    Howarth, Peter
    Krug, Norbert
    Montuschi, Paolo
    Sanak, Marek
    Sandström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine.
    Singer, Florian
    Sun, Kai
    Pandis, Ioannis
    Auffray, Charles
    Sousa, Ana R.
    Adcock, Ian M.
    Chung, Kian Fan
    Sterk, Peter J.
    Djukanovic, Ratko
    Skipp, Paul J.
    Large-Scale Label-Free Quantitative Mapping of the Sputum Proteome2018In: Journal of Proteome Research, ISSN 1535-3893, E-ISSN 1535-3907, Vol. 17, no 6, p. 2072-2091Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Analysis of induced sputum supematant is a minimally invasive approach to study the epithelial lining fluid and, thereby, provide insight into normal lung biology and the pathobiology of lung diseases. We present here a novel proteomics approach to sputum analysis developed within the U-BIOPRED (unbiased biomarkers predictive of respiratory disease outcomes) international project. We present practical and analytical techniques to optimize the detection of robust biomarkers in proteomic studies. The normal sputum proteome was derived using data-independent HDMSE applied to 40 healthy nonsmoking participants, which provides an essential baseline from which to compare modulation of protein expression in respiratory diseases. The "core" sputum proteome (proteins detected in >= 40% of participants) was composed of 284 proteins, and the extended proteome (proteins detected in >= 3 participants) contained 1666 proteins. Quality control procedures were developed to optimize the accuracy and consistency of measurement of sputum proteins and analyze the distribution of sputum proteins in the healthy population. The analysis showed that quantitation of proteins by HDMSE is influenced by several factors, with some proteins being measured in all participants' samples and with low measurement variance between samples from the same patient. The measurement of some proteins is highly variable between repeat analyses, susceptible to sample processing effects, or difficult to accurately quantify by mass spectrometry. Other proteins show high interindividual variance. We also highlight that the sputum proteome of healthy individuals is related to sputum neutrophil levels, but not gender or allergic sensitization. We illustrate the importance of design and interpretation of disease biomarker studies considering such protein population and technical measurement variance.

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