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  • 1.
    Ahangari, Alebtekin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Innala, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Andersson, C.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Turkmen, Sahruh
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Acute intermittent porphyria symptoms during the menstrual cycle2015In: Internal medicine journal (Print), ISSN 1444-0903, E-ISSN 1445-5994, Vol. 45, no 7, p. 725-731Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), a life-threatening form of the disease, is accompanied by several pain, mental and physical symptoms.

    Aims: In this study, we evaluated the cyclicity of AIP and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms in 32 women with DNA-diagnosed AIP during their menstrual cycles, in northern Sweden.

    Methods: The cyclicity of AIP symptoms and differences in them between the follicularand luteal phases, and the cyclicity of each symptom in each individual woman indifferent phases of her menstrual cycle were analysed with a prospective daily ratingquestionnaire. PMS symptoms were also evaluated in the patients on a daily rating scale.

    Results: Of the 32 women, 30 showed significant cyclicity in at least one AIP or PMS symptom (P < 0.05–0.001). Back pain (10/32) was the most frequent AIP pain symptomand sweet craving (10/15) was the most frequent PMS symptom. Pelvic pain (F = 4.823,P = 0.036), irritability (F = 7.399, P = 0.011), cheerfulness (F = 5.563, P = 0.025), sexualdesire (F = 8.298, P = 0.007), friendliness (F = 6.157, P = 0.019), breast tenderness (F =21.888, P = 0.000) and abdominal swelling (F = 16.982, P = 0.000) showed significantcyclicity. Pelvic pain and abdominal swelling (rs= 0.337, P < 0.001) showed the strongest correlation. The age of women with latent AIP was strongly correlated with abdominal swelling during the luteal phase (rs= 0.493, P < 0.01).

    Conclusion: Our results suggest that the symptoms of AIP patients change during their menstrual cycles.

  • 2.
    Ahlzén, Emma
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Utvärdering av komplikationer efter benign abdominell hysterektomi Jämförelse av enkätrapporterade komplikationer i kryssrutor och fritext2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 3. Alexandersson, Olof
    et al.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Högberg, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Evidence-based changes in term breech delivery practice in Sweden.2005In: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, ISSN 0001-6349, Vol. 84, no 6, p. 584-7Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 4. Ali, Tazeen S
    et al.
    Asad, Nargis
    Mogren, Ingrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Krantz, Gunilla
    Intimate partner violence in urban Pakistan: prevalence, frequency, and risk factors2011In: International Journal of Women's Health, E-ISSN 1179-1411, Vol. 3, p. 105-15Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important public health issue with severe adverse consequences. Population-based data on IPV from Muslim societies are scarce, and Pakistan is no exception. This study was conducted among women residing in urban Karachi, to estimate the prevalence and frequency of different forms of IPV and their associations with sociodemographic factors.

    Methods: This cross-sectional community-based study was conducted using a structured questionnaire developed by the World Health Organisation for research on violence. Community midwives conducted face-to-face interviews with 759 married women aged 25–60 years.

    Results: Self-reported past-year and lifetime prevalence of physical violence was 56.3 and 57.6%, respectively; the corresponding figures for sexual violence were 53.4% and 54.5%, and for psychological abuse were 81.8% and 83.6%. Violent incidents were mostly reported to have occurred on more than three occasions during the lifetime. Risk factors for physical violence related mainly to the husband, his low educational attainment, unskilled worker status, and five or more family members living in one household. For sexual violence, the risk factors were the respondent’s low educational attainment, low socioeconomic status of the family, and five or more family members in one household. For psychological violence, the risk factors were the husband being an unskilled worker and low socioeconomic status of the family.

    Conclusion: Repeated violence perpetrated by a husband towards his wife is an extremely common phenomenon in Karachi, Pakistan. Indifference to this type of violence against women stems from the attitude that IPV is a private matter, usually considered a justifiable response to misbehavior on the part of the wife. These findings point to serious violations of women’s rights and require the immediate attention of health professionals and policymakers.

  • 5. Ali, Tazeen S
    et al.
    Krantz, Gunilla
    Gul, Raisa
    Asad, Nargis
    Johansson, Eva
    Mogren, Ingrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Gender roles and their influence on life prospects for women in urban Karachi, Pakistan: a qualitative study2011In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 4, p. 7448-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Pakistan is a patriarchal society where men are the primary authority figures and women are subordinate. This has serious implications on women’s and men’s life prospects.

    Objective: The aim was to explore current gender roles in urban Pakistan, how these are reproduced and maintained and influence men’s and women’s life circumstances.

    Design: Five focus group discussions were conducted, including 28 women representing employed, unemployed, educated and uneducated women from different socio-economic strata. Manifest and latent content analyses were applied.

    Findings: Two major themes emerged during analysis: ‘Reiteration of gender roles’ and ‘Agents of change’. The first theme included perceptions of traditional gender roles and how these preserve women’s subordination. The power gradient, with men holding a superior position in relation to women, distinctive features in the culture and the role of the extended family were considered to interact to suppress women. The second theme included agents of change, where the role of education was prominent as well as the role of mass media. It was further emphasised that the younger generation was more positive to modernisation of gender roles than the elder generation.

    Conclusions: This study reveals serious gender inequalities and human rights violations against women in the Pakistani society. The unequal gender roles were perceived as static and enforced by structures imbedded in society. Women routinely faced serious restrictions and limitations of autonomy. However, attainment of higher levels of education especially not only for women but also for men was viewed as an agent towards change. Furthermore, mass media was perceived as having a positive role to play in supporting women’s empowerment.

  • 6. Ali, Tazeen S
    et al.
    Krantz, Gunilla
    Mogren, Ingrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Violence permeating daily life: a qualitative study investigating perspectives on violence among women in Karachi, Pakistan2012In: International Journal of Women's Health, E-ISSN 1179-1411, Vol. 4, p. 577-585Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: This study explored how married women perceive situations which create family conflicts and lead to different forms of violence in urban Pakistan. In addition, it examines perceptions of consequences of violence, their adverse health effects, and how women resist violence within marital life.

    METHODS: Five focus group discussions were conducted with 28 women in Karachi. Purposive sampling, aiming for variety in age, employment status, education, and socioeconomic status, was employed. The focus group discussions were conducted in Urdu and translated into English. Manifest and latent content analysis were applied.

    RESULTS: One major theme emerged during the analysis, ie, family violence through the eyes of females. This theme was subdivided into three main categories. The first category, ie, situations provoking violence and their manifestations, elaborates on circumstances that provoke violence and situations that sustain violence. The second category, ie, actions and reactions to exposure to violence, describes consequences of ongoing violence within the family, including those that result in suicidal thoughts and actions. The final category, ie, resisting violence, describes how violence is avoided through women's awareness and actions.

    CONCLUSION: The current study highlights how female victims of abuse are trapped in a society where violence from a partner and family members is viewed as acceptable, where divorce is unavailable to the majority, and where societal support of women is limited. There is an urgent need to raise the subject of violence against women and tackle this human rights problem at all levels of society by targeting the individual, family, community, and societal levels concurrently.

  • 7. Ali, Tazeen S
    et al.
    Mogren, Ingrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Krantz, Gunilla
    Intimate partner violence and mental health effects: a population-based study among married women in Karachi, Pakistan2013In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, ISSN 1070-5503, E-ISSN 1532-7558, Vol. 20, no 1, p. 131-139Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized all over the world for its association with mental health problems in women. In Pakistan, such violence occurs commonly, but detailed information on mental health effects is scarce. The purpose of this study is to focused on married couples in urban Karachi to investigate mental health effects associated with physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated by husbands towards wives. Disclosure rates and health care-seeking behaviour were also investigated. METHOD: This cross-sectional study involved 759 women between the ages of 25 and 60 years, selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. The women were interviewed by trained community midwives using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: In the total population of women, mental symptoms were prevalent. Women subjected to any form of violence reported, however, considerably poorer mental health than unexposed women. A statistically significant difference for almost all of the studied health parameters persisted even after controlling for socio-demographic factors. The strongest associations were found for suicidal thoughts and physical violence (OR 4.41; 3.18-6.12), sexual abuse (OR 4.39; 3.17-6.07) and psychological abuse (OR 5.17; 3.28-8.15). The interviews revealed that only 27% of the women subjected to violence had disclosed this to anyone, in most cases to their parents. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study highlight that the violence women have to face contributes to the development of multiple forms of psychological stress and serious mental health problems. Women's restrictive life circumstances seriously hamper women's empowerment. Reliable health surveillance system and health care services are needed to serve abused women. Policy initiatives focused on IPV and gender inequality in Pakistan should be initiated.

  • 8. Altman, Daniel
    et al.
    Fornell, Eva Uustal
    Kjaeldgaard, Anders
    Larsson, Gregor
    Gunnarsson, Jonas
    Crafoord, Kristina
    Lalos, Othon
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Rezapour, Masoumeh
    Gunilla, Tegerstedt
    Falconer, Christian
    [Make regulation of the launching of new medical technical products more stringent!]2008In: Lakartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, Vol. 105, no 9, p. 597-8Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Amin, Bawan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Intervention.
    Yttre vändningsförsök: Är det säkert?2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 10.
    Andersson Björk, Hanna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Svenska läkares och barnmorskors självskattade ultraljudsfärdigheter och deras syn på huruvida fostret kan betraktas som en patient - The CROss Country Ultrasound Study2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 11.
    Andersson, Charlotta
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Oji, Yusuke
    Ohlson, Nina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Wang, Sihan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Li, Xingru
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Ottander, Ulrika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Sugiyama, Haruo
    Li, Aihong
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Prognostic significance of specific anti-WT1 IgG antibody level in plasma in patients with ovarian carcinoma2014In: Cancer Medicine, E-ISSN 2045-7634, Vol. 3, no 4, p. 909-918Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ovarian carcinoma (OC) has a poor prognosis and lack early effective screening markers. Wilm's tumor gene 1 (WT1) is overexpressed in OCs. Therefore, it is of great interest to investigate whether WT1-specific antibody (Ab) measurements in plasma can serve as a biomarker of anti-OC response, and is of importance in relation to patient prognosis. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from a total of 103 women with ovarian tumors with median being 1 day (range 0-48 days) before operation. WT1 IgG Ab levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemical analysis of WT1 protein expression was performed on OC tissue samples. We found that low-WT1 Ab level in plasma was related to improved survival in patients diagnosed at stages III-IV and grade 3 carcinomas. Positive WT1 protein staining on OC tissue samples had a negative impact on survival in the entire cohort, both overall survival (OS) (P = 0.046) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.006), but not in the serous OC subtype. Combining WT1 IgG Ab levels and WT1 staining, patients with high-WT1 IgG Ab levels in plasma and positive WT1 protein staining in cancer tissues had shorter survival, with a significant association in PFS (P = 0.016). These results indicated that WT1 Ab measurements in plasma and WT1 staining in tissue specimens could be useful as biomarkers for patient outcome in the high-risk subtypes of OCs for postoperative individualized therapy.

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  • 12.
    Andersson, Christer
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Innala, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Acute intermittent porphyria in women: clinical expression, use and experience of exogenous sex hormones. A population-based study in northern Sweden2003In: Journal of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0954-6820, E-ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 254, no 2, p. 176-183Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical expression of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) in women, their use of exogenous sex hormones, and the effects on AIP. DESIGN: A retrospective population-based study. SUBJECTS: All women aged > or =18 years (n = 190) with DNA-diagnosed AIP in northern Sweden. RESULTS: A total of 166 women (87%) participated; 91 (55%) had manifest AIP. Severe attacks were reported by 82%; 39% reported recurrent premenstrual AIP attacks and 22% reported chronic AIP symptoms. Oral hormonal contraceptives had been used by 58% of all these women and by 50 with manifest AIP (57%). Twelve women (24%) associated oral contraceptives as precipitating AIP attacks; in nine cases their first attack. One woman experienced relief from AIP symptoms. On commencing their treatment, 72% of the women with manifest AIP had not yet suffered their first attack. Twenty-two women (25%) aged > or =45 years had used hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) at menopause to remedy climacteric symptoms (the percutaneous route was most frequently used); no AIP attack was precipitated. HRT to remedy vaginal dryness was used by 26 women (28%) aged > or =45 years without triggering an AIP attack. Miscarriages were more frequent in women with manifest AIP (50%) than in the latent group (30%, P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: About half of the women with AIP had used oral hormonal contraceptives. As 25% of women with manifest AIP reported attacks associated with such drugs, caution must still be recommended. Menopausal HRT only rarely affected the disorder. Miscarriage was more common amongst women with manifest AIP.

  • 13.
    Andersson, Liselott
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Implications of psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period - A population-based study2004Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Depressive and anxiety disorders are common health problems, affecting women at least twice as often as men. Although some studies have been made on pregnant women or, especially, in the postpartum period, most of these studies have been performed on small samples, mainly specific risk groups such as teenage mothers, women of low socioeconomic status and certain ethnic groups. Also, there is a lack of studies on antenatal and postpartum depression and/or anxiety using diagnostic criteria adhering to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV).

    Aims and methods: The aims were to estimate the point prevalence of mood, anxiety and eating disorders, based on DSM-IV criteria, in an unselected population during the second trimester of pregnancy, and to assess the obstetric and neonatal outcome, as well as the health care consumption during pregnancy, delivery and the early postpartum period among women with a psychiatric disorder, compared to healthy subjects. Finally, we aimed to investigate depression and anxiety, and associated maternal characteristics and events through pregnancy and the postpartum period in the same group of women. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) was used for assessment of psychiatric disorders during the second trimester of pregnancy and three to six months after delivery. From October 2nd, 2000, to October 1st, 2001 all women attending the second trimester routine ultrasound-screening at two different hospitals in northern Sweden (at Umeå University Hospital and at Sunderby Central Hospital) were approached for participation in the study. After delivery, data were extracted from the medical records of the mothers and their offspring to evaluate obstetric and neonatal outcome. Three to six months after delivery, the women who had an antenatal depression and/or anxiety were contacted for an assessment using the PRIME-MD. The same procedure was made in a control group, consisting of 500 women, randomly selected among those who did not have any psychiatric diagnosis according to the PRIME-MD investigation during the second trimester of pregnancy.

    Results and conclusions: Of the 1555 women in the study population, 220 (14.1%) had one or more PRIME-MD diagnoses. Living single, low socioeconomic status, smoking, multiparity and a body mass index of 30 or more were significantly associated with a psychiatric diagnosis in the second trimester of pregnancy. Women with antenatal depression and/or anxiety more often suffered from nausea and vomiting during pregnancy were more often on sick leave, and they visited their obstetrician more often than healthy subjects, specifically because of fear of childbirth and premature contractions. Also, they were more commonly delivered by elective caesarean section, had an increased use of epidural analgesia and reported a longer self-experienced duration of labor. Severe complications of pregnancy, delivery, and the early postpartum period were not affected by antenatal depression and/or anxiety. There was no significant difference in neonatal outcome depending on antenatal depressive or anxiety disorder. Fewer cases of depressive and/or anxiety disorders were prevalent postpartum, but there was a significant shift from a majority of sub-threshold diagnoses during pregnancy to full DSM-IV diagnoses during the postpartum period. Previous psychiatric disorder and living singly were significantly associated with both a new-onset and a postpartum continuation/recurrence of depression and/or anxiety. Postpartum continuation/recurrence of a psychiatric disorder was additionally associated with smoking, obesity, and adverse obstetric events.

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  • 14.
    Andersson, Liselott
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Sundström-Poromaa, Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Wulff, Marianne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bondestam, Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Åström, Monica
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry.
    Point prevalence of psychiatric disorders during the second trimester of pregnancy: a population-based study.2003In: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ISSN 0002-9378, E-ISSN 1097-6868, Vol. 189, no 1, p. 148-154Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the point prevalence of psychiatric disorders during the second trimester of pregnancy in a population-based sample of pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN: Participants were 1795 consecutive pregnant women attending routine ultrasound screening at two obstetric clinics in Northern Sweden during 1 year. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) was used for evaluating. RESULTS: Overall, 1734 (96.6%) of the women filled in the PRIME-MD patient questionnaire. Psychiatric disorders were present in 14.1% of the women. Major depression was prevalent in 3.3% of patients and minor depression in 6.9% of patients. Anxiety disorders were encountered in 6.6% of patients. Women with psychiatric disorders displayed significantly more somatic symptoms and more pronounced fear of childbirth. Among diagnosed patients, only 5.5% had some form of treatment. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in this unselected population of pregnant women was high and the majority of the women were found to be undiagnosed and untreated.

  • 15.
    Andersson, Liselott
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Sundström-Poromaa, Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Wulff, Marianne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Åström, Monica
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Depression and anxiety during pregnancy and six months postpartum: a follow-up study2006In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6349, E-ISSN 1600-0412, Vol. 85, no 8, p. 937-944Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS: To investigate the relationship between antenatal and postpartum depression and anxiety and to explore associated maternal characteristics. METHODS: From a population-based sample of 1,555 women attending two obstetric clinics in Sweden, all women with an antenatal psychiatric diagnosis (n = 220) and a random selection of healthy women (n = 500) were contacted for a second assessment three to six months postpartum. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders was used for evaluation on both occasions. RESULTS: Fewer cases of depressive and/or anxiety disorders were prevalent postpartum compared with the second trimester screening. Depression and/or anxiety were prevalent in 16.5% of postpartal women versus 29.2% of pregnant women. There was a significant shift from a majority of subthreshold diagnoses during pregnancy to full Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) diagnoses during the postpartum period. A history of previous psychiatric disorder, living single, and obesity were significantly associated with a new-onset postpartum psychiatric disorder. The absence of a previous psychiatric disorder was significantly associated with a postpartum recovery of depression or anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Depression and anxiety appear to be less common postpartum than during pregnancy.

  • 16.
    Andersson, Liselott
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, Sweden.
    Sundström-Poromaa, Inger
    Wulff, Marianne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Åström, Monica
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Implications of antenatal depression and anxiety for obstetric outcome2004In: Obstetrics and Gynecology, ISSN 0029-7844, E-ISSN 1873-233X, Vol. 104, no 3, p. 467-476Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the obstetric outcome and health care consumption during pregnancy, delivery, and the early postpartum period in an unselected population-based sample of pregnant women diagnosed with antenatal depressive and/or anxiety disorders, compared with healthy subjects. METHODS: Participants were 1,495 women attending 2 obstetric clinics in Northern Sweden. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders was used to evaluate depressive and anxiety disorders in the second trimester of pregnancy. To assess demographic characteristics, obstetric outcome, and complications, the medical records of the included women were reviewed. RESULTS: Significant associations were found between depression and/or anxiety and increased nausea and vomiting, prolonged sick leave during pregnancy and increased number of visits to the obstetrician, specifically, visits related to fear of childbirth and those related to contractions. Planned cesarean delivery and epidural analgesia during labor were also significantly more common in women with antenatal depression and/or anxiety. CONCLUSION: There is an association between antenatal depressive and/or anxiety disorders and increased health care use (including cesarean deliveries) during pregnancy and delivery.

  • 17.
    Andersson, Liselott
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Sundström-Poromaa, Inger
    Wulff, Marianne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Åström, Monica
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Neonatal outcome following maternal antenatal depression and anxiety: a population-based study.2004In: American Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0002-9262, E-ISSN 1476-6256, Vol. 159, no 9, p. 872-881Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to determine neonatal outcomes among women who had depressive and anxiety disorders during the second trimester of pregnancy in a population-based sample. Participants were 1,465 women and their neonates born at two obstetric clinics in Sweden. The inclusion period for the women was October 2, 2000-October 1, 2001. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) classification system was used to evaluate mental disorders in the second trimester of pregnancy. For assessment of demographic characteristics, birth statistics, and birth-related complications, the medical records of the included women and their offspring were reviewed after delivery. The study results revealed no differences in neonatal outcome between women with antenatal depressive disorders and/or anxiety disorders and healthy subjects. The authors conclude that neonatal outcome did not deteriorate despite the women's impaired mental health during pregnancy.

  • 18. Andersson, T
    et al.
    Bergström, S
    Högberg, U
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Swedish maternal mortality in the 19th century by different definitions: previous stillbirths but not multiparity risk factor for maternal death.2000In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6349, E-ISSN 1600-0412, Vol. 79, no 8, p. 679-86Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In conclusion, this study shows that the mother's reproductive history was the most important risk factor measured for all definitions of maternal death. Grand multiparity did not increase the risk of maternal death. Maternal mortality ratio varied threefold in the study population, depending on the definition used. The high mortality ratios found in this study, only declining by the end of the century, should be interpreted as a general condition of the society since no significant differences could be perceived regarding social class, while unmarried women were more at risk.

  • 19. Andersson, T
    et al.
    Berhane, Y
    Wall, S
    Högberg, U
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    The impact of neonatal mortality on subsequent survival in rural Ethiopia.2002In: Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, ISSN 0272-4936, E-ISSN 1465-3281, Vol. 22, no 1, p. 25-32Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In countries where most deliveries occur at home and most available information is hospital-based, accurate information on neonatal mortality is difficult to obtain. This study was conducted in a rural community in Ethiopia that has been under monthly demographic surveillance since 1987. The analysis in this paper was based on data collected in the 1st decade (1987-96) and this database was used to calculate mortality incidence rates and analyse survival. The overall neonatal mortality rate was 27/1000 live births (95% CI 24.5-29.5). The rates in the early and late neonatal periods were 20 and 8/1000 live births, respectively (95% CIs 18.0-22.9 and 6.6-9.4). The mortality incidence rates show that, every day, three of every 1000 newborns die in their 1st week of life. Neonatal mortality accounted for 43% of infant mortality. If all neonates survived the 1st week of life, life expectancy would increase by 1 year. Increased risk of neonatal mortality was found to be associated with living in a rural lowland area, twin births and male gender. This paper also addresses the need for further identification of the complex environmental and behavioural risk factors for neonatal mortality and for instituting appropriate and affordable interventions to reduce neonatal mortality.

  • 20. Andersson, T
    et al.
    Högberg, U
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bergström, S
    Community-based prevention of perinatal deaths: lessons from nineteenth-century Sweden.2000In: International Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0300-5771, E-ISSN 1464-3685, Vol. 29, no 3, p. 542-8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Poor reproductive history, particularly previously high perinatal mortality, is associated with high perinatal mortality. Midwifery-assisted at home deliveries successfully reduced perinatal mortality.

  • 21.
    Andersén, Peter
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Dahlquist, Gisela
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Damber, Jan-Erik
    Engström-Laurent, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Gustafson, Yngve
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine.
    Hjemdahl, Paul
    Korsgren, Olle
    Olsson, Håkan
    Wiberg, Mikael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Hand Surgery.
    Widmark, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Svensk medicinsk forskning behöver inte mer styrning2014In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 111, no 22-23, p. 980-981Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 22. Andrae, Bengt
    et al.
    Andersson, Therese M-L
    Lambert, Paul C
    Kemetli, Levent
    Silfverdal, Lena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Strander, Björn
    Ryd, Walter
    Dillner, Joakim
    Törnberg, Sven
    Sparén, Pär
    Screening and cervical cancer cure: population based cohort study2012In: The BMJ, E-ISSN 1756-1833, Vol. 344, p. e900-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective To determine whether detection of invasive cervical cancer by screening results in better prognosis or merely increases the lead time until death.

    Design Nationwide population based cohort study. Setting Sweden.

    Participants All 1230 women with cervical cancer diagnosed during 1999-2001 in Sweden prospectively followed up for an average of 8.5 years. Main outcome measures Cure proportions and five year relative survival ratios, stratified by screening history, mode of detection, age, histopathological type, and FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage.

    Results In the screening ages, the cure proportion for women with screen detected invasive cancer was 92% (95% confidence interval 75% to 98%) and for symptomatic women was 66% (62% to 70%), a statistically significant difference in cure of 26% (16% to 36%). Among symptomatic women, the cure proportion was significantly higher for those who had been screened according to recommendations (interval cancers) than among those overdue for screening: difference in cure 14% (95% confidence interval 6% to 23%). Cure proportions were similar for all histopathological types except small cell carcinomas and were closely related to FIGO stage. A significantly higher cure proportion for screen detected cancers remained after adjustment for stage at diagnosis (difference 15%, 7% to 22%).

    Conclusions Screening is associated with improved cure of cervical cancer. Confounding cannot be ruled out, but the effect was not attributable to lead time bias and was larger than what is reflected by down-staging. Evaluations of screening programmes should consider the assessment of cure proportions.

  • 23.
    Andrae, Bengt
    et al.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden.
    Kemetli, Levent
    Cancer Screening Unit, Oncologic Center M8, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sparén, Pär
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Silfverdal, Lena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Strander, Björn
    Oncologic center, Western Region, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden .
    Ryd, Walter
    Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden .
    Dillner, Joakim
    Department of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    Törnberg, Sven
    Cancer Screening Unit, Oncologic Center M8, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Screening-preventable cervical cancer risks: evidence from a nationwide audit in Sweden2008In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, ISSN 0027-8874, E-ISSN 1460-2105, Vol. 100, no 9, p. 622-629Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of cervical cancer screening programs differs widely in different populations. The reasons for these differences are unclear. Routine and comprehensive audits have been proposed as an ethically required component of screening. We performed a nationwide audit of the effectiveness of the Swedish cervical cancer screening program.

    METHODS: We identified all invasive cervical cancer cases that were diagnosed in Sweden from January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2001, and had been reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry (n = 1230 cases). We verified the diagnoses by histopathologic rereview and matched each case subject to five (population-based) age-matched control subjects who were identified from the National Population Register. The Pap smear screening histories for case and control subjects were reviewed for a 6-year period using the National Cervical Cancer Screening Register, which contains data on essentially all relevant cytological and histological diagnoses in Sweden. Odds ratios (ORs), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), of cervical cancer according to screening history were calculated in conditional logistic regression models. All statistical tests were two-sided.

    RESULTS: Women who had not had a Pap smear within the recommended screening interval had higher risk of cervical cancer than women who had been screened (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 2.19 to 2.91). This risk was similarly increased for all age groups (P(homogeneity) = .96). The risk for non-squamous cell cervical cancers (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.20 to 2.11) was also increased. Women who had not had a Pap smear within the recommended screening interval had a particularly high risk of advanced cancers (OR = 4.82, 95% CI = 3.61 to 6.44). Among women who had been screened within the recommended interval, those with abnormal Pap smears had a higher risk of cervical cancer than those with normal smears (OR = 7.55, 95% CI = 5.88 to 9.69) and constituted 11.5% of all women with cervical cancer.

    CONCLUSIONS: Nonadherence to screening intervals was the major reason for cervical cancer morbidity. The screening program was equally effective for women of all ages and was also effective against non-squamous cancers.

  • 24.
    Andréen, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Allopregnanolone and mood: studies of postmenopausal women during treatment with progesterone2006Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction. Allopregnanolone and pregnanolone (neuroactive metabolites of progesterone) act as positive modulators of the GABAA receptor system which is the major inhibitory system in CNS. Contradictory results on the effect of GABAA receptor modulators are reported. Beneficial properties such as anaesthesia, sedation, and anxiolysis are reported as well as adverse, anxiogenic and aggressive effects. It has been suggested that GABAA receptor agonists have bimodal effects. Low concentrations increase an adverse, anxiogenic effect, whereas higher concentrations show beneficial, calming properties.

    Aims. To investigate if progesterone treatment induces adverse mood in postmenopausal women and if the severity in mood symptoms is related to progesterone, allopregnanolone or pregnanolone serum concentrations. To evaluate differences in steroid concentrations induced by different doses and routes of administration of progesterone.

    Methods. Two randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover studies of postmenopausal women were performed. Subjects were treated with estradiol continuously. Different doses of progesterone, given vaginally or orally, were added sequentially during the last 14 days of each treatment cycle. Daily symptom ratings were kept using a validated rating scale. Blood samples for progesterone, allopregnanolone and pregnanolone analyses were collected during each treatment cycle. A study regarding the pharmacokinetics after ingestion of low-dose oral progesterone was conducted with postmenopausal women. Blood samples for the analyses of progesterone, allopregnanolone and pregnanolone were collected and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.

    Results. Certain postmenopausal women on sequential HT with vaginal and oral progesterone experience mood deterioration during the progesterone phase while on a low dose of progesterone but not on higher doses or the placebo. Negative mood symptoms occurred when the serum concentration of allopregnanolone was similar to endogenous luteal phase levels, whereas lower and higher concentrations had no effect on mood. Pharmacokinetic analyses show that low-dose oral progesterone can be used as a prodrug to allopregnanolone when the aim is to achieve physiological concentrations of allopregnanolone.

    Conclusions. A bimodal association between allopregnanolone concentration and adverse mood is observed in postmenopausal women treated with progesterone. The addition of low-dose progesterone to estradiol induces adverse mood in postmenopausal women, whereas higher doses and placebo have no mood-deteriorating effect.

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  • 25.
    Andréen, Lotta
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Nyberg, Sigrid
    Sundström-Poromaa, Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Progesterone effects during sequential hormone replacement therapy2003In: European Journal of Endocrinology, ISSN 0804-4643, E-ISSN 1479-683X, Vol. 148, no 5, p. 571-577Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 26.
    Andréen, Lotta
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Nyberg, Sigrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Turkmen, Sharuh
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    van Wingen, Guido
    F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
    Fernández, Guillen
    F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Sex steroid induced negative mood may be explained by the paradoxical effect mediated by GABAA modulators2009In: Psychoneuroendocrinology, ISSN 0306-4530, E-ISSN 1873-3360, Vol. 34, no 8, p. 1121-1132Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Certain women experience negative mood symptoms as a result of progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, progestagens in hormonal contraceptives, or the addition of progesterone or progestagens in sequential hormone therapy (HT). This phenomenon is believed to be mediated via the action of the progesterone metabolites on the GABA(A) system, which is the major inhibitory system in the mammalian CNS. The positive modulators of the GABA(A) receptor include allopregnanolone and pregnanolone, both neuroactive metabolites of progesterone, as well as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol. Studies on the effect of GABA(A) receptor modulators have shown contradictory results; although human and animal studies have revealed beneficial properties such as anaesthesia, sedation, anticonvulsant effects, and anxiolytic effects, recent reports have also indicated adverse effects such as anxiety, irritability, and aggression. It has actually been suggested that several GABA(A) receptor modulators, including allopregnanolone, have biphasic effects, in that low concentrations increase an adverse, anxiogenic effect whereas higher concentrations decrease this effect and show beneficial, calming properties. The allopregnanolone increase during the luteal phase in fertile women, as well as during the addition of progesterone in HT, has been shown to induce adverse mood in women. The severity of these mood symptoms is related to the allopregnanolone serum concentrations in a manner similar to an inverted U-shaped curve. Negative mood symptoms occur when the serum concentration of allopregnanolone is similar to endogenous luteal phase levels, while low and high concentrations have less effect on mood. It has also been shown that progesterone/allopregnanolone treatment in women increases the activity in the amygdala (as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging) in a similar way to the changes seen during anxiety reactions. However, it is evident that only certain women experience adverse mood during progesterone or GABA(A) receptor modulator treatments. Women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) have severe luteal phase related symptoms; in this phase, they show changes in GABA(A) receptor sensitivity and GABA concentrations that are related to the severity of the condition. These findings suggest that negative mood symptoms in women with PMDD are caused by the paradoxical effect of allopregnanolone mediated via the GABA(A) receptor. CONCLUSION: Progesterone and progestagens induce negative mood, most probably via their GABA(A) receptor active metabolites. In postmenopausal women treated with progesterone and animals treated with allopregnanolone, there is a bimodal association between serum allopregnanolone concentration and adverse mood, resembling an inverted U-shaped curve. In humans, the maximal effective concentration of allopregnanolone for producing negative mood is within the range of physiological luteal phase serum concentrations.

  • 27.
    Andréen, Lotta
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Spigset, Olav
    Andersson, Agneta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Nyberg, Sigrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Pharmacokinetics of progesterone and its metabolites allopregnanolone and pregnanolone after oral administration of low-dose progesterone.2006In: Maturitas, ISSN 0378-5122, E-ISSN 1873-4111, Vol. 54, no 3, p. 238-244Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 28.
    Andréen, Lotta
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Sundström-Poromaa, Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Andersson, Agneta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Nyberg, Sigrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Relationship between allopregnanolone and negative mood in postmenopausal women taking sequential hormone replacement therapy with vaginal progesterone.2005In: Psychoneuroendocrinology, ISSN 0306-4530, E-ISSN 1873-3360, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 212-224Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 29.
    Andréen, Lotta
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Sundström-Poromaa, Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Nyberg, Sigrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Allopregnanolone concentration and mood: a bimodal association in postmenopausal women treated with oral progesterone.2006In: Psychopharmacology, ISSN 0033-3158, E-ISSN 1432-2072, Vol. 187, no 2, p. 209-221Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 30.
    Appelblad, Patrik
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Jonsson, Tobias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Irgum, Knut
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Determination of C-21 ketosteroids in serum using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid catalyzed precolumn dansylation and 1,1’-oxalyldiimidazole postcolumn peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection1998In: Analytical Chemistry, ISSN 0003-2700, E-ISSN 1520-6882, Vol. 70, no 23, p. 5002-5009Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new procedure for the quantitation of C-21 ketosteroids using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-catalyzed precolumn dansylation and coupled column liquid chromatographic separation, followed by postcolumn 1,1‘-oxalyldiimidazole peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection is presented. In the simultaneous optimization of chromatographic resolution and chemiluminescence intensity, a coupled column chromatographic system and a stopped-flow system were used. An eluent containing 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.7 accomplished an efficient separation of 3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one from a mixture containing 10 C-21 ketosteroids. Phosphate buffer also proved to be the most advantageous, among the six buffers tested, for sensitive detection. Experimental design and multivariate data analysis were used to characterize and optimize the postcolumn reaction chemistry in the chromatographic system. A valid full factorial design with excellent predictability showed that the flow rates for both 1,1‘-oxalyldiimidazole and hydrogen peroxide were the factors most strongly affecting the sensitivity of the system. The theoretical plate numbers were above 11 000 for all 10 dansylated ketosteroids. The 3σ detection limit estimated from 3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one calibration curve data was 1.6 pmol (n = 4, 125 μL injected) and spiked serum containing 0−74 pmol of this compound showed overall recoveries of 73 ± 9% (n = 12). Quantitation of 3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one was finally carried out on 45 serum samples and the results compared to those from a radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. The data acquired with the procedure described in this work compare well with the results from RIA, which confirms the reliability of the new analytical procedure.

  • 31. Asciutto, Katrin C.
    et al.
    Kalapotharakos, Grigorios
    Löfgren, Mats
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Hogberg, Thomas
    Borgfeldt, Christer
    Robot-assisted surgery in cervical cancer patients reduces the time to normal activities of daily living2015In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6349, E-ISSN 1600-0412, Vol. 94, no 3, p. 260-265Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    ObjectiveTo evaluate current surgical cervical cancer treatment in Sweden 2008-12. Design and settingAnalysis of data in the Swedish National Quality Register for Gynecological Surgery (GynOP). SampleA total of 249 cervical cancer patients undergoing surgery. MethodsAnalysis of prospectively gathered preoperative and postoperative data including patient-reported information. Main outcome measuresMean operating time, blood loss/transfusion, length of hospital stay, return to activities of daily living. ResultsThe patients undergoing laparoscopic robot-assisted surgery (n=64) or laparotomy (n=185) did not differ in age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage or mean operating time. Blood loss was higher in the laparotomy group (p<0.001). Thirteen patients in the laparotomy group (7%) received a blood transfusion, but none in the robot group. Intraoperative complications were more common in the laparotomy group (p=0.03). Re-admission or operations did not differ between the groups. The number of pelvic lymph nodes removed was significantly higher in the laparotomy group (median 31 vs. 24, p<0.001). There was no difference regarding the number of patients with lymph node metastases in the two groups. The postoperative length of hospital stay was longer in the laparotomy group compared with the robot group (6.1days vs. 2.1days, p=0.01). The patient-reported time to resume normal activities of daily living was longer in the laparotomy than the robot group (13.4days vs. 9.7days, p=0.04). ConclusionsLaparoscopic robotic-assisted surgery is preferable to laparotomy for cervical cancer patients because it entails a significantly shorter hospital stay, less blood loss, fewer intraoperative complications and shorter time to normal daily activities.

  • 32.
    Asker, Lovisa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Maternal thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels and pregnancy outcomes2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 33. Axen, Iben
    et al.
    Bergström, Cecilia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Bronson, Marc
    Cote, Pierre
    Nim, Casper Glissmann
    Goncalves, Guillaume
    Hebert, Jeffrey J.
    Hertel, Joakim Axel
    Innes, Stanley
    Larsen, Ole Kristoffer
    Meyer, Anne-Laure
    O'Neill, Soren
    Perle, Stephen M.
    Weber, Kenneth A., II
    Young, Kenneth J.
    Leboeuf-Yde, Charlotte
    Misinformation, chiropractic, and the COVID-19 pandemic2020In: Chiropractic and Manual Therapies, E-ISSN 2045-709X, Vol. 28, no 1, article id 65Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In March 2020, the World Health Organization elevated the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic to a pandemic and called for urgent and aggressive action worldwide. Public health experts have communicated clear and emphatic strategies to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Hygiene rules and social distancing practices have been implemented by entire populations, including 'stay-at-home' orders in many countries. The long-term health and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are not yet known.

    Main text: During this time of crisis, some chiropractors made claims on social media that chiropractic treatment can prevent or impact COVID-19. The rationale for these claims is that spinal manipulation can impact the nervous system and thus improve immunity. These beliefs often stem from nineteenth-century chiropractic concepts. We are aware of no clinically relevant scientific evidence to support such statements. We explored the internet and social media to collect examples of misinformation from Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand regarding the impact of chiropractic treatment on immune function. We discuss the potential harm resulting from these claims and explore the role of chiropractors, teaching institutions, accrediting agencies, and legislative bodies.

    Conclusions: Members of the chiropractic profession share a collective responsibility to act in the best interests of patients and public health. We hope that all chiropractic stakeholders will view the COVID-19 pandemic as a call to action to eliminate the unethical and potentially dangerous claims made by chiropractors who practise outside the boundaries of scientific evidence.

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  • 34. Bannbers, Elin
    et al.
    Gingnell, Malin
    Engman, Jonas
    Morell, Arvid
    Sylven, Sara
    Skalkidou, Alkistis
    Kask, Kristiina
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Wikstrom, Johan
    Poromaa, Inger Sundstrom
    Prefrontal activity during response inhibition decreases over time in the postpartum period2013In: Behavioural Brain Research, ISSN 0166-4328, E-ISSN 1872-7549, Vol. 241, p. 132-138Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The postpartum period is characterized by complex hormonal changes, but human imaging studies in the postpartum period have thus far predominantly focused on the neural correlates of maternal behavior or postpartum depression, whereas longitudinal studies on neural correlates of cognitive function across the postpartum period in healthy women are lacking. The aim of this study was to longitudinally examine response inhibition, as a measure of executive function, during the postpartum period and its neural correlates in healthy postpartum women and non-postpartum controls. Thirteen healthy postpartum women underwent event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a Go/NoGo task. The first assessment was made within 48 h of delivery, and the second at 4-7 weeks postpartum. In addition, 13 healthy women examined twice during the menstrual cycle were included as non-postpartum controls. In postpartum women region of interest analyses revealed task-related decreased activations in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right anterior cingulate, and bilateral precentral gyri at the late postpartum assessment. Generally, postpartum women displayed lower activity during response inhibition in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri and precentral gyri compared to non-postpartum controls. No differences in performance on the Go/NoGo task were found between time-points or between groups. In conclusion, this study has discovered that brain activity in prefrontal areas during a response inhibition task decreases throughout the course of the first postpartum weeks and is lower than in non-postpartum controls. Further studies on the normal adaptive brain activity changes that occur during the postpartum period are warranted. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 35.
    Bendix, Marie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Wihlbäck, Anna-Carin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Ahokas, Antti
    Jokinen, Jussi
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry.
    Allopregnanolone and progesterone in estradiol treated severe postpartum affective disorder2019In: Psychoneuroendocrinology, ISSN 0306-4530, E-ISSN 1873-3360, Vol. 107, p. 68-68Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Bendix, Marie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry. Department of Clinical Neuroscience / Centre for Psychiatry Research & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Wihlbäck, Anna-Carin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Ahokas, Antti
    Mehiläinen Clinic, Helsinki, Finland .
    Jokinen, Jussi
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry. Department of Clinical Neuroscience / Centre for Psychiatry Research & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Allopregnanolone and progesterone in estradiol treated severe postpartum depression and psychosis: Preliminary findings2019In: Neurology, psychiatry and brain research, ISSN 0941-9500, Vol. 34, p. 50-57Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Postpartum affective disorders may be associated with dysregulation of gonadal steroids. We investigated peripheral levels of allopregnanolone and progesterone in a combined group of women with postpartum onset of severe depression and/or psychosis who, as previously reported, responded with rapid symptom remission during sublingual estradiol treatment. The aim was to assess differences in allopregnanolone and progesterone between patients and healthy controls at baseline, and hormonal changes during estradiol treatment and symptom remission in patients.

    Methods: Allopregnanolone and progesterone in serum were analyzed with radioimmunoassay before and four weeks after initiation of sublingual estradiol treatment in ten women with postpartum depression and four women with postpartum psychosis (ICD-10). Twenty-eight healthy postpartum controls were included for baseline comparison.

    Results: Allopregnanolone declined significantly during estradiol treatment while there was a trend for lower baseline allopregnanolone levels in patients compared with healthy postpartum controls. The ratio between allopregnanolone and progesterone was significantly lower in patients compared with controls and it remained unchanged after clinical recovery.

    Limitations: This study is a secondary analysis of two estradiol treatment studies based on availability of samples for the analysis of allopregnanolone. Healthy controls were assessed earlier after delivery. Data on potential confounders (somatic health, breastfeeding, other medication) were not available.

    Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that clinical recovery of severe postpartum depression and psychosis during estradiol treatment does not seem to depend on increasing levels of allopregnanolone. Differences in progesterone metabolism may constitute a risk factor for severe postnatal affective dysregulation.

  • 37. Bengtsdotter, Hanna
    et al.
    Lundin, Cecilia
    Gemzell Danielsson, Kristina
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Baumgart, Juliane
    Marions, Lena
    Brynhildsen, Jan
    Malmborg, Agota
    Lindh, Ingela
    Sundström Poromaa, Inger
    Ongoing or previous mental disorders predispose to adverse mood reporting during combined oral contraceptive use2018In: European journal of contraception & reproductive health care, ISSN 1362-5187, E-ISSN 1473-0782, Vol. 23, no 1, p. 45-51Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Previous studies have emphasised that women with pre-existing mood disorders are more inclined to discontinue hormonal contraceptive use. However, few studies have examined the effects of combined oral contraceptives (COC) on mood in women with previous or ongoing mental disorders.

    Materials and methods: This is a supplementary analysis of an investigator-initiated, double-blinded, randomised clinical trial during which 202 women were treated with either a COC (1.5mg estradiol and 2.5mg nomegestrolacetate) or placebo during three treatment cycles. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to collect information on previous or ongoing mental disorders. The primary outcome measure was the total change score in five mood symptoms on the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) scale in the intermenstrual phase of the treatment cycle.

    Results: Women with ongoing or previous mood, anxiety or eating disorders allocated to COC had higher total DRSP Δ-scores during the intermenstrual phase of the treatment cycle in comparison with corresponding women randomised to placebo, mean difference 1.3 (95% CI 0.3-2.3). In contrast, among women without mental health problems, no difference in total DRSP Δ-scores between COC- and placebo users was noted. Women with a risk use of alcohol who were randomised to the COC had higher total DRSP Δ-scores than women randomised to placebo, mean difference 2.1 (CI 95% 1.0-3.2).

    Conclusions: Women with ongoing or previous mental disorders or risk use of alcohol have greater risk of COC-induced mood symptoms. This may be worth noting during family planning and contraceptive counselling.

  • 38.
    Bengtsson, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Stress steroids as accelerators of Alzheimer's disease.: Effects of chronically elevated levels of allopregnanolone in transgenic AD models.2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia are devastating con­ditions not only for the affected patients but also for their families.  The economical costs for the society are tremendous. Mid-life psychological stress, psychosocial stress and post-traumatic stress disorder cause cognitive dysfunction and lead to increased risk for dementia. However, the mecha­nisms behind stress-induced AD and dementia are not known. AD is char­acterized by solid amyloid plaques in the CNS. However, over the last decade it has been concluded that the levels of soluble beta-amyloid (Aβ) correlate to cognitive performance while plaques often do not. The soluble Aβ accu­mulate intracellularly and disturb the synaptic function. Interestingly, the levels of intracellular Aβ depend on neuronal activity. Previous studies have shown that decreased neuronal activity cause increased intracellular levels of Aβ and cognitive decline. Stress steroids produced in the brain, e.g. allopreg­nanolone, enhance the activity of the GABAergic system, i.e. the main in­hibitory system of the brain. Consequently, allopregnanolone affects neu­ronal activity. Therefore, it is possible that elevated levels of allopreg­nanolone (due to e.g. stress) cause increased intracellular levels of Aβ. This could be a mechanism behind stress-induced AD. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate if elevation of allopregnanolone is a possible link in the mechanism behind stress-induced AD by investigating the effects of chroni­cally elevated levels of allopregnanolone in transgenic mouse models for AD.

    Methods Swe/PS1 and Swe/Arc mice (transgenic models for AD) were treated chronically with elevated allopregnanolone levels, comparable to those at mild stress. After an interval of no treatment, the mice were tested for learning and memory performance in the Morris water maze. The brain tissue of the mice was then analyzed for disease markers, i.e. soluble and insoluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and amyloid plaques using immunohistochemistry and Congo red staining tech­nique. The brain tissue was also analyzed for a marker of synaptic function, i.e. synaptophysin.

    Results Chronic treatment of allopregnanolone caused impaired learning performance in both the Swe/PS1 and the Swe/Arc mouse models. The Swe/PS1 mice had increased levels of soluble Aβ in both hippocampus and cortex. Interestingly, the levels of soluble Aβ were unchanged in the Swe/Arc mice. Three months of allopregnanolone treatment in the Swe/PS1 mouse model caused decreased plaque size, predominantly in hippocampus. It may be concluded that chronic allopregnanolone elevation caused smaller but more abundant congophilic plaques as both total plaque area and number of plaques were increased in mice with poor learning ability. Additional spots for accumulation of Aβ, predominantly the more toxic Aβ42, and thus addi­tional starting points for plaque production could be a part of the mechanism behind stress-induced Alzheimer’s disease.

    Conclusions The conclusion of this thesis is that chronic elevation of allo­pregnanolon accelerated the development of Alzheimer’s disease in the Swe/PS1 and the Swe/Arc transgenic mouse models. Allopregnanolone may be an important link in the mechanism behind stress-induced AD. However, further studies are required to grasp the extent of its pathological influence.

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    SKB Avhandling 2013
  • 39.
    Bengtsson, Sara
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Brinton, R.
    Irwin, R. W.
    Johansson, Inga-Maj
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Sjöstedt, Jessica
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Wang, Mingde
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    GABA-A receptor modulating steroids in acute and chronic stress; relevance for cognition and dementia?2020In: Neurobiology of stress, ISSN 2352-2895, Vol. 12, article id 100206Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cognitive dysfunction, dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are increasing as the population worldwide ages. Therapeutics for these conditions is an unmet need. This review focuses on the role of the positive GABA-A receptor modulating steroid allopregnanolone (APa), it's role in underlying mechanisms for impaired cognition and of AD, and to determine options for therapy of AD. On one hand, APa given intermittently promotes neurogenesis, decreases AD-related pathology and improves cognition. On the other, continuous exposure of APa impairs cognition and deteriorates AD pathology. The disparity between these two outcomes led our groups to analyze the mechanisms underlying the difference. We conclude that the effects of APa depend on administration pattern and that chronic slightly increased APa exposure is harmful to cognitive function and worsens AD pathology whereas single administrations with longer intervals improve cognition and decrease AD pathology. These collaborative assessments provide insights for the therapeutic development of APa and APa antagonists for AD and provide a model for cross laboratory collaborations aimed at generating translatable data for human clinical trials.

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    fulltext
  • 40.
    Bengtsson, Sara
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Johansson, Maja
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Nitsch, Roger
    University of Zürich, Division of Psychiatry Research and Psychogeriatric Medicine,.
    Wang, Mingde
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Brief but Chronic Increase in Allopregnanolone Cause Accelerated ADPathology Differently in Two Mouse Models2013In: Current Alzheimer Research, ISSN 1567-2050, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 38-47Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract: Previously, we have shown that chronic treatment with allopregnanolone (ALLO) for three months impaired learning function in the Swe/PS1 mouse model. ALLO is a neurosteroid, produced in the CNS and a GABAA receptor agonist. ALLO modulates the general inhibitory system in the CNS by enhancing the effect of GABA. Chronic treatment with other GABAA receptor active compounds, such as benzodiazepines, ethanol and medroxy-progesterone acetate has been associated to cognitive decline and/or increased risk for dementia. In this study, we sufficed with a treatment period of one month for the Swe/PS1 mouse, and included another Alzheimer’s disease mouse model; the Swe/Arc model. We found that one month of chronic treatment with elevated ALLO levels within physiological range impaired learning and memory function in the Swe/Arc female and male mice. Male Swe/PS1 mice also showed marginally impaired function, while the female mice did not. Furthermore, the chronic ALLO treatment caused increased levels of soluble Aβ in the Swe/PS1 mouse model while the levels were unchanged in the Swe/Arc model. Therefore, both Swe/Arc and Swe/PS1 mice showed signs of accelerated disease progression. Still, further studies are required to determine the mechanisms behind the cognitive impairment and the increased Aβ-levels caused by mildly elevated ALLO-levels. learning function in the Swe/PS1 mouse model. ALLO is a neurosteroid, produced in the CNS and a GABAA receptor agonist. ALLO modulates the general inhibitory system in the CNS by enhancing the effect of GABA. Chronic treatment with other GABAA receptor active compounds, such as benzodiazepines, ethanol and medroxy-progesterone acetate has been associated to cognitive decline and/or increased risk for dementia. In this study, we sufficed with a treatment period of one month for the Swe/PS1 mouse, and included another Alzheimer’s disease mouse model; the Swe/Arc model. We found that one month of chronic treatment with elevated ALLO levels within physiological range impaired learning and memory function in the Swe/Arc female and male mice. Male Swe/PS1 mice also showed marginally impaired function, while the female mice did not. Furthermore, the chronic ALLO treatment caused increased levels of soluble Ab in the Swe/PS1 mouse model while the levels were unchanged in the Swe/Arc model. Therefore, both Swe/Arc and Swe/PS1 mice showed signs of accelerated disease progression. Still, further studies are required to determine the mechanisms behind the cognitive impairment and the increased Aβ-levels caused by mildly elevated ALLO-levels.

  • 41.
    Bengtsson, Sara K.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Johansson, Maja
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Nitsch, Roger M.
    Wang, Mingde
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Brief but Chronic Increase in Allopregnanolone Cause Accelerated AD Pathology Differently in Two Mouse Models2013In: Current Alzheimer Research, ISSN 1567-2050, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 38-47Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previously, we have shown that chronic treatment with allopregnanolone (ALLO) for three months impaired learning function in the Swe/PS1 mouse model. ALLO is a neurosteroid, produced in the CNS and a GABA(A) receptor agonist. ALLO modulates the general inhibitory system in the CNS by enhancing the effect of GABA. Chronic treatment with other GABA(A) receptor active compounds, such as benzodiazepines, ethanol and medroxy-progesterone acetate has been associated to cognitive decline and/or increased risk for dementia. In this study, we sufficed with a treatment period of one month for the Swe/PS1 mouse, and included another Alzheimer's disease mouse model; the Swe/Arc model. We found that one month of chronic treatment with elevated ALLO levels within physiological range impaired learning and memory function in the Swe/Arc female and male mice. Male Swe/PS1 mice also showed marginally impaired function, while the female mice did not. Furthermore, the chronic ALLO treatment caused increased levels of soluble A beta in the Swe/PS1 mouse model while the levels were unchanged in the Swe/Arc model. Therefore, both Swe/Arc and Swe/PS1 mice showed signs of accelerated disease progression. Still, further studies are required to determine the mechanisms behind the cognitive impairment and the increased A beta-levels caused by mildly elevated ALLO-levels.

  • 42.
    Bengtsson, Sara K.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Johansson, Maja
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Wang, Mingde
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Chronic Allopregnanolone Treatment Accelerates Alzheimer's Disease Development in A beta PP(Swe)PSEN1(Delta E9) Mice2012In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, ISSN 1387-2877, E-ISSN 1875-8908, Vol. 31, no 1, p. 71-84Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The endogenous neurosteroid allopregnanolone alters neuronal excitability via modulation of the GABA(A) receptor and causes decreased neurotransmission. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), neurotransmission seems to alter the levels of toxic intracellular amyloid-beta (A beta) oligomers, which are implicated in AD pathogenesis and cause cognitive decline. Inhibition of synaptic activity has been shown to increase levels of intracellular A beta. Allopregnanolone at endogenous stress levels inhibits synaptic activity and could have similar effects. By using a transgenic A beta PP(Swe)PSEN1(Delta E9) mouse model for AD, we observed that chronic allopregnanolone treatment for three months with stress levels of allopregnanolone impaired learning in the Morris water maze. The learning impairment was seen one month after the end of treatment. Chronic allopregnanolone treatment also led to increased levels of soluble A beta in the brain, which could be a sign of advanced pathogenesis. Since the learning and memory of wild-type mice was not affected by the treatment, we propose that chronic allopregnanolone treatment accelerates the pathogenesis of AD. However, further studies are required in order to determine the underlying mechanism.

  • 43.
    Bengtsson, Sara K S
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Johansson, Maja
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umecrine Cognit AB, Umea, Sweden.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Long-term continuous allopregnanolone elevation causes memory decline and hippocampus shrinkage, in female wild-type B6 mice2016In: Hormones and Behavior, ISSN 0018-506X, E-ISSN 1095-6867, Vol. 78, p. 160-167Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chronic stress in various forms increases the risk for cognitive dysfunction, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. While the pathogenesis behind these findings is unknown, growing evidence suggests that chronic increase in neurosteroid levels, such as allopregnanolone, is part of the mechanism. We treated wild-type C57BL/6J mice with allopregnanolone for 5months, using osmotic pumps. This treatment led to moderately increased levels of allopregnanolone, equivalent to that of mild chronic stress. After an interval of no treatment for 1month, female mice showed impaired learning and memory function in the Morris water maze (MWM) in combination with diminished hippocampus weight and increased cerebellum weight, both correlating to MWM performance. Male mice showed a minor reduction in memory function and no differences in brain structure. We conclude that chronic allopregnanolone elevation can lead to cognitive dysfunction and negative brain alterations. We suggest that allopregnanolone could play a key role in the pathogenesis of stress-induced cognitive disturbances and perhaps dementia.

  • 44.
    Bengtsson, Sara K. S.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Nyberg, Sigrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Hedström, Helena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Zingmark, Elisabeth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Jonsson, Bjorn
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Bixo, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Isoallopregnanolone antagonize allopregnanolone-induced effects on saccadic eye velocity and self-reported sedation in humans2015In: Psychoneuroendocrinology, ISSN 0306-4530, E-ISSN 1873-3360, Vol. 52, p. 22-31Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Allopregnanolone (AP) is an endogenous neurosteroid. It modulates the effect of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) on the GABA type A (GABA(A)) receptor, which leads to increased receptor activity. Since the GABA-system is mainly inhibitory, increased AP activity leads to modulation of neuronal activity. In vitro studies of GABA(A) receptor activity and in vivo animal studies of sedation have shown that AP-induced effects can be inhibited by another endogenous steroid, namely isoallopregnanolone (ISO). In this study we investigated if ISO can antagonize AP-induced effects in healthy female volunteers, via measurements of saccadic eye velocity (SEV) and self-rated sedation. With a single-blind cross-over design, 12 women were studied on three separate occasions; given AP alone or AP in combination with one of two ISO doses. Congruent with previous reports, AP administration decreased SEV and induced sedation and these effects were diminished by simultaneous ISO administration. Also, the ISO effect modulation was seemingly stronger for SEV than for sedation. These effects were observed already at an ISO dose exposure that was approximately half of that of AP. In conclusion, ISO antagonized AP-induced decrease in SEV and self-reported sedation, probably in a non-competitive manner.

  • 45.
    Bengtsson, Sara K. S.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Sjöstedt, Jessica
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Malinina, Evgenya
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Das, Roshni
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB). Umecrine Cognition AB, Solna, Sweden.
    Doverskog, Magnus
    Umecrine Cognition AB, Solna, Sweden.
    Johansson, Inga-Maj
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Umecrine Cognition AB, Solna, Sweden.
    Haage, David
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Department of Nursing Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Umecrine Cognition AB, Solna, Sweden.
    Extra-synaptic GABAA receptor potentiation and neurosteroid-induced learning deficits are inhibited by GR3027, a GABAA modulating steroid antagonist2023In: Biomolecules, E-ISSN 2218-273X, Vol. 13, no 10, article id 1496Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives In Vitro: To study the effects of GR3027 (golexanolone) on neurosteroid-induced GABA-mediated current responses under physiological GABAergic conditions with recombinant human α5β3γ2L and α1β2γ2L GABAA receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney cells, using the response patch clamp technique combined with the Dynaflow™ application system. With α5β3γ2L receptors, 0.01–3 μM GR3027, in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced the current response induced by 200 nM THDOC + 0.3 µM GABA, as well as the THDOC-induced direct gated effect. GR3027 (1 μM) alone had no effect on the GABA-mediated current response or current in the absence of GABA. With α1β2γ2L receptors, GR3027 alone had no effect on the GABA-mediated current response or did not affect the receptor by itself. Meanwhile, 1–3 µM GR3027 reduced the current response induced by 200 nM THDOC + 30 µM GABA and 3 µM GR3027 that induced by 200 nM THDOC when GABA was not present. Objectives In Vivo: GR3027 reduces allopregnanolone (AP)-induced decreased learning and anesthesia in male Wistar rats. Rats treated i.v. with AP (2.2 mg/kg) or vehicle were given GR3027 in ratios of 1:0.5 to 1:5 dissolved in 10% 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. A dose ratio of AP:GR3027 of at least 1:2.5 antagonized the AP-induced decreased learning in the Morris Water Mase (MWM) and 1:7.5 antagonized the loss of righting reflex (LoR). GR3027 treatment did not change other functions in the rat compared to the vehicle group. Conclusions: GR3027 functions in vitro as an inhibitor of GABAA receptors holding α5β3γ2L and α1β2γ2L, in vivo, in the rat, as a dose-dependent inhibitor toward AP’s negative effects on LoR and learning in the MWM.

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    fulltext
  • 46.
    Bengtsson, Sara
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Lundgren, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Gouissem, Samira
    Umecrine AB.
    Johansson, Maja
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Bäckström, Torbjörn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Wang, Mingde
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Chronic allopregnanolone elevation cause altered plaque production in Swe/PS1 miceManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract. We have previously shown that chronic elevation of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone caused learning dysfunction and increased levels of soluble Aβ in the Swe/PS1 mouse model. The mechanism behind these findings is however unknown. We further investigated the brain tissue of these mice to identify any effects on congophilic plaque burden, Aβ42-specific plaque burden and synaptic function. We found a significant reduction in the average size of the congophilic core of neuritic plaques after chronic allopregnanolone treatment compared to vehicle. This seems to be caused by an altered plaque production, leading to more abundant, but smaller neuritic plaques. We may also have detected a decrease in the amount of synaptophysin, and thus synaptic function among the same mice. However, the long interval between the end of treatment and tissue collection possibly allowed time for recovery and only minor differences were noted. We found that the natural relationship between levels of insoluble Aβ, congophilic and Aβ42-specific plaque load was disrupted after chronically elevated allopregnanolone levels. Furthermore, the levels of syn-aptophysin and insoluble Aβ became more important in the relationship to learning and memory. The causality of these factors is still unknown and further studies are required to fully understand the effect of neurosteroids on AD development.

  • 47.
    Berglund, Anna Lena
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Eisemann, Martin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry.
    Lalos, Ann
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Lalos, Othon
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Predictive factors of the outcome of primary surgical treatment of stress incontinence in women1997In: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, ISSN 0036-5599, E-ISSN 1651-2065, Vol. 31, no 1, p. 49-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Forty-five women with stress incontinence (mean age 50 years) scheduled for surgical treatment randomized either to retropubic urethrocystopexy or to pubococcygeal repair were prospectively studied. Fifty healthy women were used as a reference group. No difference emerged concerning the outcome for these two surgical techniques in terms of success rate. Consequently, the subjects were treated as one group. The aim of the study was to test for predictive factors of the outcome of surgical treatment. Age of the patient, duration of stress incontinence, parity, personality, psychological and social factors were investigated. The outcome of surgical treatment was estimated both subjectively and objectively (pad test). The women were classified as cured or improved/failure. There was an 80% concordance between subjective and objective methods. In the stress incontinent women who were improved/failure one year after surgery, a high degree of neuroticism, low degree of extraversion, high degree of somatic anxiety, psychic anxiety, psychasthenia and suspicion was observed compared to the cured women. Furthermore, the improved/failure women had a lower level of social integration, in terms of loneliness compared to the cured women. Our findings point to the need of psychosocial support and care in addition to the medical treatment. According to a stepwise logistic regression analysis three variables have been found of importance as predictors of the outcome of the surgical treatment: duration of stress incontinence, neuroticism and age of patient.

  • 48.
    Berglund, Anna Lena
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Eisemann, Martin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry.
    Lalos, Ann
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Lalos, Othon
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Social adjustment and spouse relationships among women with stress incontinence before and after surgical treatment1996In: Social Science and Medicine, ISSN 0277-9536, E-ISSN 1873-5347, Vol. 42, no 11, p. 1537-1544Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Forty-five women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and their partners have been interviewed three months before and one year after surgical treatment to investigate the social consequences of their impairment. One year after surgery 76% of the women reported that they were cured (group A, n = 34) and 24% that they were improved (group B, n = 11). The cured women were significantly younger than the improved women. The duration of urinary leakage before the operation was significantly shorter in group A than in group B. One year post surgery group A reported a significantly decrease in impediments to exert certain tasks due to urine leakage. As concerns leisure time, group A reported a higher level of overall activities before surgery than group B, whereas postsurgery both groups obtained about the same level of activities. Regarding social support, no differences between the groups occurred as concerns attachment. Furthermore, group A women showed a significantly higher degree of adequacy of social integration compared with group B. The majority of the couples could openly discuss sexual matters with their partners and were satisfied with their sexual life. More than half of the interviewed men reported an increase in sexual desire one year after their partners operation. Whereas about every third woman in both groups reported an increase in sexual desire. However, the frequency of intercourse did not change in any groups. In conclusion, this study underlines the importance of social factors in the assessment of the consequences of stress urinary incontinence and its treatment.

  • 49.
    Berglund, Anna-Lena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    A holistic view of urinary stress incontinence in women1995Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study group consists of 45 women with genuine stress incontinence who were selected for surgical treatment and randomized either to retropubic urethrocystopexy (n=30) or pubococcygeal repair (n=15). The preoperative assessment included medical history, gynecological examination, urine analysis and culture, residual urine, pad test, frequency-continence charts, water urethrocystoscopy, continence test and cystometry with analysis of micturition. Moreover, five semistructured interviews were performed with the women and two with their partner. The following questionnaires were used measuring a) personality characteristics: Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), b) depression: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and c) social support: Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI).

    The results have shown that there was no difference in the subjective cure rate between the two surgical methods (73% vs. 80 % respectively). The bladder volume had increased in both groups and the intravesical pressure of the bladder filled to maximum had increased in the pubococcygeal repair group. Other urodynamic variables were unchanged by the operation. Pad tests have demonstrated that 67 % of the women in the urethrocystopexy group and 47 % in the pubococcygeal repair group ceased to leak urine. Postoperatively, 63 % of the women in the urethrocystopexy group needed high doses of analgesics compared with only 33 % in the pubococcygeal repair group. Among the women experiencing severe to very severe pain dysphoric subjects were overrepresented. Postoperative residual urine was a minor nursing problem in both groups.

    Women with SUI of long duration scored significantly higher than controls on the KSP scales of somatic anxiety, psychic anxiety, psychasthenia, suspicion and on the EPI lie-scale. There was no significant difference in sexual activity before and after surgery. One or two sexual dysfunctions within the desire, excitement, orgasmic and resolution phase were reported by the majority of women both before and after surgical intervention.

    The cured women reported a higher level of overall activities before surgery than the improved (i.e. not cured) women, whereas post surgery both the cured and the improved women obtained about the same level of activities. Regarding social support, no differences between the cured or improved women occured as concerns attachment. The cured women showed a higher degree of adequacy of social integration compared with the improved women.

    In order to delineate predictive factors for the surgical outcome the following variables were investigated: age of patient, duration of urine leakage, parity, personality, psychological and social factors. The following predictors of the outcome of surgical treatment emerged: duration of stress incontinence, neuroticism and age of patient.

    The results of the present study indicate the ecessity of a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and nursing of women with SUI.

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    A Holistic View of Urinary Stress Incontinence in Women
  • 50.
    Berglund, Anna-Lena
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Eisemann, Martin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry.
    Lalos, Othon
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Personality characteristics of-A stress incontinent women: a pilot study1994In: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ISSN 0167-482X, E-ISSN 1743-8942, Vol. 15, no 3, p. 165-170Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Personality traits were assessed by means of the Karolinska Scale of Personality (KSP) and the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) in 45 genuine stress incontinent women and compared with a reference group of continent women in order to investigate the possible impact of this chronic condition on the personality. Women with stress incontinence of long duration scored significantly higher than controls on the KSP scales somatic anxiety, psychic anxiety, psychasthenia and suspicion and on the EPI lie-scale. These findings point to the importance of personality factors in chronic conditions such as urinary incontinence.

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