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  • 1. Adams, David
    et al.
    Polydefkis, Michael
    Gonzalez-Duarte, Alejandra
    Wixner, Jonas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Kristen, Arnt, V
    Schmidt, Hartmut H.
    Berk, John L.
    Losada Lopez, Ines Asuncion
    Dispenzieri, Angela
    Quan, Dianna
    Conceicao, Isabel M.
    Slama, Michel S.
    Gillmore, Julian D.
    Kyriakides, Theodoros
    Ajroud-Driss, Senda
    Waddington-Cruz, Marcia
    Mezei, Michelle M.
    Plante-Bordeneuve, Violaine
    Attarian, Shahram
    Mauricio, Elizabeth
    Brannagan, Thomas H., III
    Ueda, Mitsuharu
    Aldinc, Emre
    Wang, Jing Jing
    White, Matthew T.
    Vest, John
    Berber, Erhan
    Sweetser, Marianne T.
    Coelho, Teresa
    Pedrosa-Domellöf, Fatima
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Long-term safety and efficacy of patisiran for hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy: 12-month results of an open-label extension study2021In: Lancet Neurology, ISSN 1474-4422, E-ISSN 1474-4465, Vol. 20, no 1, p. 49-59Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis is a rare, inherited, progressive disease caused by mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. We assessed the safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with patisiran, an RNA interference therapeutic that inhibits TTR production, in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Methods This multicentre, open-label extension (OLE) trial enrolled patients at 43 hospitals or clinical centres in 19 countries as of Sept 24, 2018. Patients were eligible if they had completed the phase 3 APOLLO or phase 2 OLE parent studies and tolerated the study drug. Eligible patients from APOLLO (patisiran and placebo groups) and the phase 2 OLE (patisiran group) studies enrolled in this global OLE trial and received patisiran 0.3 mg/kg by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks with plans to continue to do so for up to 5 years. Efficacy assessments included measures of polyneuropathy (modified Neuropathy Impairment Score +7 [mNIS+7]), quality of life, autonomic symptoms, nutritional status, disability, ambulation status, motor function, and cardiac stress, with analysis by study groups (APOLLO-placebo, APOLLO-patisiran, phase 2 OLE patisiran) based on allocation in the parent trial. The global OLE is ongoing with no new enrolment, and current findings are based on the interim analysis of the patients who had completed 12-month efficacy assessments as of the data cutoff. Safety analyses included all patients who received one or more dose of patisiran up to the data cutoff. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02510261. Findings Between July 13, 2015, and Aug 21, 2017, of 212 eligible patients, 211 were enrolled: 137 patients from the APOLLO-patisiran group, 49 from the APOLLO-placebo group, and 25 from the phase 2 OLE patisiran group. At the data cutoff on Sept 24, 2018, 126 (92%) of 137 patients from the APOLLO-patisiran group, 38 (78%) of 49 from the APOLLO-placebo group, and 25 (100%) of 25 from the phase 2 OLE patisiran group had completed 12-month assessments. At 12 months, improvements in mNIS+7 with patisiran were sustained from parent study baseline with treatment in the global OLE (APOLLO-patisiran mean change -4.0, 95 % CI -7.7 to -0.3; phase 2 OLE patisiran -4.7, -11.9 to 2.4). Mean mNIS+7 score improved from global OLE enrolment in the APOLLO-placebo group (mean change from global OLE enrolment -1.4, 95% CI -6.2 to 3.5). Overall, 204 (97%) of 211 patients reported adverse events, 82 (39%) reported serious adverse events, and there were 23 (11%) deaths. Serious adverse events were more frequent in the APOLLO-placebo group (28 [57%] of 49) than in the APOLLO-patisiran (48 [35%] of 137) or phase 2 OLE patisiran (six [24%] of 25) groups. The most common treatment-related adverse event was mild or moderate infusion-related reactions. The frequency of deaths in the global OLE was higher in the APOLLO-placebo group (13 [27%] of 49), who had a higher disease burden than the APOLLO-patisiran (ten [7%] of 137) and phase 2 OLE patisiran (0 of 25) groups. Interpretation In this interim 12-month analysis of the ongoing global OLE study, patisiran appeared to maintain efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Continued long-term follow-up will be important for the overall assessment of safety and efficacy with patisiran. Copyright (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 2.
    Ahlm, Clas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases.
    Lindén, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Linderholm, M
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases.
    Alexeyev, O A
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Billheden, J
    Elgh, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Fagerlund, M
    Zetterlund, B
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology.
    Settergren, B
    Central nervous system and ophthalmic involvement in nephropathia epidemica (European type of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome)1998In: Journal of Infection, ISSN 0163-4453, E-ISSN 1532-2742, Vol. 36, no 2, p. 149-155Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Central nervous system (CNS) - related symptoms occur in haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). To study the CNS and ophthalmic involvement in nephropathia epidemica (NE), the European type of HFRS, we included 26 patients in a prospective study. Most common CNS-related symptoms were headache (96%), insomnia (83%), vertigo (79%), nausea (79%), and vomiting (71%). Ophthalmic symptoms were reported by 82% of patients; 41% had photophobia and 50% had impaired vision. A transient loss of vision was recorded in one patient, who also had a generalized seizure. Minor white matter lesions were found in about half of the patients investigated with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Electroencephalography (EEG) showed severe alterations in only one patient, and slight and reversible patterns in another two patients. Neopterin, interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were elevated, which may indicate immune activation. However, we found no evidence of intrathecal NE virus replication. We conclude that CNS-related symptoms are common in NE, and transient ophthalmic involvement can be demonstrated in about half of the patients.

  • 3.
    Ahmadi, Mahboobah
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Anatomy. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Liu, Jing-Xia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Anatomy.
    Brännström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Andersen, Peter M
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology.
    Stål, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Anatomy.
    Pedrosa-Domellöf, Fatima
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Human extraocular muscles in ALS2010In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, ISSN 0146-0404, E-ISSN 1552-5783, Vol. 51, no 7, p. 3494-3501Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE. To investigate the general morphology, fiber type content, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition of extraocular muscles (EOMs) from postmortem donors with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to evaluate whether EOMs are affected or truly spared in this disease. METHODS. EOM and limb muscle samples obtained at autopsy from ALS donors and EOM samples from four control donors were processed for immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against distinct MyHC isoforms and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin staining and nicotinamide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) activity were studied. RESULTS. Wide heterogeneity was observed in the appearance of the different EOMs from each single donor and between donors, irrespective of ALS type or onset. Pathologic morphologic findings in ALS EOMs included presence of atrophic and hypertrophic fibers, either clustered in groups or scattered; increased amounts of connective tissue; and areas of fatty replacement. The population of fibers stained with anti-MyHCslow tonic was smaller than that of MyHCIpositive fibers and was mostly located in the orbital layer in most of the ALS EOM samples, whereas an identical staining pattern for both fiber populations was observed in the control specimens. MyHCembryonic was notably absent from the ALS EOMs. CONCLUSIONS. The EOMs showed signs of involvement with altered fiber type composition, contractile protein content, and cellular architecture. However, when compared to the limb muscles, the EOMs were remarkably preserved. EOMs are a useful model for the study of the pathophysiology of ALS.

  • 4.
    Alm, Albert
    et al.
    Ögonkliniken, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala .
    Bengtsson, Boel
    Oftalmologi, SUS, Malmö.
    Calissendorff, Berit
    St Eriks ögonsjukhus, Stockholm.
    Eckerlund, Ingemar
    Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care, Stockholm.
    Heijl, Anders
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology in Malmö.
    Lindén, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Öppenvinkelglaukom (grön starr): diagnostik, uppföljning och behandling. En systematisk litteraturöversikt.2008Report (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Alm, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Phototherapeutic intrastromal corneal collagen cross-linking (PiXL) with two different UV irradiation protocols for treatment of low-grade myopia2017Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 6.
    Ambarki, Khalid
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics.
    Hallberg, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics.
    Jóhannesson, Gauti
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Lindén, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Zarrinkoob, Laleh
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Wåhlin, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI).
    Birgander, Richard
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Blood flow of ophthalmic artery in healthy individuals determined by phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging2013In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, ISSN 0146-0404, E-ISSN 1552-5783, Vol. 54, no 4, p. 2738-2745Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Recent development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers new possibilities to assess ocular blood flow. This prospective study evaluates the feasibility of phase-contrast MRI (PCMRI) to measure flow rate in the ophthalmic artery (OA) and establish reference values in healthy young (HY) and elderly (HE) subjects.

    METHODS: Fifty HY subjects (28 females, 21-30 years of age) and 44 HE (23 females, 64-80 years of age) were scanned on a 3-Tesla MR system. The PCMRI sequence had a spatial resolution of 0.35 mm per pixel, with the measurement plan placed perpendicularly to the OA. Mean flow rate (Qmean), resistive index (RI), and arterial volume pulsatility of OA (ΔVmax) were measured from the flow rate curve. Accuracy of PCMRI measures was investigated using a vessel-phantom mimicking the diameter and the flow rate range of the human OA.

    RESULTS: Flow rate could be assessed in 97% of the OAs. Phantom investigations showed good agreement between the reference and PCMRI measurements with an error of <7%. No statistical difference was found in Qmean between HY and HE individuals (HY: mean ± SD = 10.37 ± 4.45 mL/min; HE: 10.81 ± 5.15 mL/min, P = 0.655). The mean of ΔVmax (HY: 18.70 ± 7.24 μL; HE: 26.27 ± 12.59 μL, P < 0.001) and RI (HY: 0.62 ± 0.08; HE: 0.67 ± 0.1, P = 0.012) were significantly different between HY and HE.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the flow rate of OA can be quantified using PCMRI. There was an age difference in the pulsatility parameters; however, the mean flow rate appeared independent of age. The primary difference in flow curves between HE and HY was in the relaxation phase of the systolic peak.

  • 7.
    Armonaite, Laura
    et al.
    Division of Ophthalmology and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Repositioning of in-the-bag dislocated intraocular lenses: a randomized clinical trial comparing two surgical methods2023In: Ophthalmic Research, ISSN 0030-3747, E-ISSN 1423-0259, Vol. 66, no 1, p. 590-598Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate intraocular lens (IOL) tilt, IOL-induced astigmatism (IIA), refractive change, and impact of capsular fibrosis on IOL position after scleral fixation of dislocated IOL using two methods: ab externo scleral suture loop fixation (group A) and a modification, embracing the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (group B).

    Methods: In this prospective randomized clinical trial conducted at St. Erik Eye Hospital, 117 patients with dislocated IOL were randomized to group A (n = 61) or B (n = 56). Patients with ordinary pseudophakia (n = 60) served as controls. IOL tilt was measured three-dimensionally with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

    Results: The median IOL tilt was similar with both methods (A: 7.8°; B: 8.3°; p = 0.51) but higher than in ordinary pseudophakia (5.4°; p < 0.001). Both groups showed a myopic shift, p < 0.001. In cases without capsular fibrosis, the median IOL tilt was 15.5° in group A (n = 7) and 7.0° in group B (n = 5), p = 0.19. For each degree of IOL tilt, IIA increased by 0.075 D (p < 0.001). IOL position could be measured with AS-OCT in all patients given that the IOL was visible in the pupil.

    Conclusion: After IOL fixation surgery, IOL tilt is higher than in normal pseudophakia. A study involving more patients without capsular fibrosis could clarify whether IOL position is better with method B in this subgroup. IAA is low, but myopic shift is common. AS-OCT is useful for IOL tilt assessment after IOL fixation surgery.

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  • 8. Armonaite, Laura
    et al.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Seventy-one cases of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphaema syndrome2021In: Acta Ophthalmologica, ISSN 1755-375X, E-ISSN 1755-3768, Vol. 99, no 1, p. 69-74Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To assess Uveitis-Glaucoma-Hyphaema syndrome (UGH syndrome) with focus on resolution, glaucoma development and risk factors.

    METHODS: This retrospective case-control study with a cross-sectional component was performed to compare three groups with 71 patients each: UGH syndrome, dislocated intraocular lens (IOL) without UGH syndrome and ordinary pseudophakia. Main outcome measures were resolution of the UGH syndrome, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the need of glaucoma therapy. We also assessed the IOL-iris contact signs and the use of blood thinners.

    RESULTS: Uveitis-Glaucoma-Hyphaema (UGH) syndrome resolved in 77 % of patients who underwent various kind of IOL surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased and BCVA improved in the operated cases (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively), but not in the cases treated conservatively. Intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥22 mmHg at the first haemorrhage predicted the need of glaucoma therapy after UGH syndrome resolution (p = 0.002, area under the curve = 0.8). Fifty-one per cent of patients without preexisting glaucoma needed glaucoma therapy after UGH syndrome resolution. Pseudophacodonesis was seen more frequently in the UGH group than in the ordinary pseudophakia group (p = 0.001). Iris defects were not more frequent in the UGH group than in the Dislocated group but the types of defects differed (p < 0.0001). Blood thinners were not more frequent in UGH.

    CONCLUSION: In UGH syndrome, the results are better with surgical intervention than with conservative treatment, but surgery does not guarantee resolution. Pseudophacodonesis is a risk factor for UGH syndrome, but blood thinners are not, and iris defects are not specific to UGH syndrome. A high IOP at the first haemorrhage increases the risk for needing subsequent IOP-lowering therapy.

  • 9. Armonaite, Laura
    et al.
    Löfgren, Stefan
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Iris suture fixation of out-of-the-bag dislocated three-piece intraocular lenses2019In: Acta Ophthalmologica, ISSN 1755-375X, E-ISSN 1755-3768, Vol. 97, no 6, p. 583-588Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of iris suture fixation of out-of-the-bag dislocated three-piece intraocular lenses (IOL).

    METHODS: In a retrospective interventional consecutive case series, a chart review was performed in two groups of patients: fourteen patients with a dislocated out-of-the-bag three-piece IOL that underwent IOL fixation to the iris using the Siepser sliding knot technique (Iris group) and 18 patients with in-the-bag dislocation that underwent IOL exchange with a new scleral-sutured IOL (Exchange group). The Iris and Exchange groups were compared regarding surgical safety and efficacy. The median follow-up time was 13.5 months [interquartile range (IQR), 10-20] in the Iris group and 12.5 (IQR, 10-14) in the Exchange group.

    RESULTS: The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly in both groups (p = 0.005 and 0.00006, respectively). No difference in final BCVA was seen between the groups. Significantly less surgically induced astigmatism (p = 0.03) and a lower number of postoperative visits (p = 0.0006) was noted in the Iris group. Considering the type of surgery, there were few complications in the present material.

    CONCLUSION: In the study, suturing dislocated three-piece IOLs to the iris appeared to be an acceptable surgical management with less surgically induced corneal astigmatism and fewer postoperative visits than IOL exchange. A larger study with a longer follow-up time would be desirable to confirm the results.

  • 10.
    Artzén, Ditte
    et al.
    S:t Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm.
    Lundström, Mats
    EyeNet Sweden, Blekinge Hospital, Karlskrona.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Stenevi, Ulf
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, .
    Lydahl, Eva
    Lake Mälare Hospital, Eskilstuna.
    Montan, Per
    St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm.
    Capsule complication during cataract surgery: Case-control study of preoperative and intraoperative risk factors: Swedish Capsule Rupture Study Group report 2.2009In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, ISSN ISSN 0886-3350, Vol. 35, no 10, p. 1688-1693Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    PURPOSE: To identify preoperative and intraoperative factors associated with a capsule complication; that is, a capsule tear or a zonular dehiscence during cataract surgery. SETTING: Ten ophthalmic surgery departments in Sweden. METHODS: A retrospective review of files of patients with a capsule complication and control patients with no complication operated on in 2003 was performed. RESULTS: The review comprised 324 patients with a capsule complication and 331 control patients. In the logistic regression analyses, preoperative conditions associated with a capsule complication were previous trauma, white and brunescent/hard cataract, and phacodonesis. The intraoperative factors of loose zonules, the use of trypan blue, and miosis were all statistically significantly overrepresented in the capsule complication group. The same was true for eyes operated on by surgeons with the least experience. CONCLUSIONS: By preoperatively identifying cataract cases with the identified risk factors and allocating them to surgeons with the longest experience, the number of capsule complications could be kept low. Operating early in the course of the disease to prevent the cataract from becoming a poor surgical risk and improving training of junior surgeons should further reduce the frequency of capsule complications.

  • 11. Aspberg, Johan
    et al.
    Heijl, Anders
    Jóhannesson, Gauti
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Linden, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Andersson-Geimer, Sabina
    Bengtsson, Boel
    Intraocular Pressure Lowering Effect of Latanoprost as First-line Treatment for Glaucoma2018In: Journal of glaucoma, ISSN 1057-0829, E-ISSN 1536-481X, Vol. 27, no 11, p. 976-980Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the intraocular pressure (IOP) - reducing effect of latanoprost in treatment-naïve patients with newly detected open-angle glaucoma with no restriction of the level of untreated IOP.

    METHODS: Eighty-six patients (105 eyes) with a diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma received IOP-lowering therapy with latanoprost. The IOP reduction 1 and 3 months after initiation of treatment was recorded.

    RESULTS: Mean untreated IOP for all eyes was 26.2 mm Hg (ranging from 10 to 51 mm Hg). The mean pressure reduction was 7.9 mm Hg (28%), with equivalent average levels at 1 and 3 months. The reduction in IOP ranged from -2.3 to 25.3 mm Hg after 1 month, and from -1.3 to 33.3 mm Hg after 3 months. The pressure-lowering effect was considerably more pronounced in eyes with higher untreated IOP; the reduction increased by 0.55 mm Hg per mm Hg higher untreated IOP. Four eyes, with untreated IOP within statistically normal limits, had no or negative IOP-reduction. A regression model predicted that IOP reduction ended at untreated IOP≤16 mm Hg. Multiple regression analysis showed that an additional IOP-lowering effect of 1.28 mm Hg was achieved in eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

    CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to report the IOP-reducing effect of latanoprost treatment at all untreated IOP levels in newly detected glaucoma patients. The effect was proportional to the untreated IOP at all levels above 16 mm Hg and better at higher untreated IOP levels, also in relative terms. Our results further confirm the indication of latanoprost as a first-line therapy for glaucoma.

  • 12.
    Aström, Siv
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Lindén, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Incidence and prevalence of pseudoexfoliation and open-angle glaucoma in northern Sweden: I. Baseline report.2007In: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, ISSN 1395-3907, E-ISSN 1600-0420, Vol. 85, no 8, p. 828-831Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) among 66-year-old people in the municipality of Skellefteå in northern Sweden.

    METHODS: A population-based study comprising 339 individuals, representing 40% of the age group and 87% of those randomly selected. The examination included tonometry, dilated slit-lamp biomicroscopy, optic disc evaluation and a visual field analysis if glaucoma was suspected.

    RESULTS: The overall prevalence of PEX syndrome was 23%[95% confidence interval (CI): 20-26%], 29% (CI: 24-34%) in women and 15% (CI: 10-19%) in men (P < 0.01). The intraocular pressure (IOP) in PEX eyes was higher (17.3 mmHg, SD 4.5 mmHg) than in eyes without PEX [15.7 mmHg, SD 3.7 mmHg; P < 0.001]. IOP exceeded 22 mmHg in 17% (CI: 11-23%) of the PEX eyes and in 3.0% (CI: 1.9-4.1%) of the non-PEX eyes. Seven individuals (2.1%) had OAG. Six were associated with PEX, i.e. 7.7% of the PEX individuals.

    CONCLUSION: PEX syndrome is common in northern Sweden, affecting every fourth individual reaching the age of 66 years. The prevalence in women is twice that in men. Elevated IOP is roughly six times more frequent in eyes with PEX than in eyes without PEX syndrome. The prevalence of OAG is 2.1%.

  • 13. Austeng, Dordi
    et al.
    Kallen, Karin
    Hellstrom, Ann
    Jakobsson, Peter
    Lundgren, Pia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Tornqvist, Kristina
    Wallin, Agneta
    Holmstrom, Gerd
    Regional differences in screening for retinopathy of prematurity in infants born before 27 weeks of gestation in Sweden - the EXPRESS study2014In: Acta Ophthalmologica, ISSN 1755-375X, E-ISSN 1755-3768, Vol. 92, no 4, p. 311-315Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The primary aim was to analyse regional incidences of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and frequencies of treatment and their relation to perinatal risk factors during a 3-year period. A secondary aim was to study adherence to the study screening protocol in the different regions. Methods: A population-based study of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants in Sweden (EXPRESS) was performed during 2004-2007. Screening for ROP was to start at postnatal age 5weeks and to continue weekly until the retina was completely vascularized or until regression of ROP. Logistic regression analyses were used for evaluation of differences in incidence of Any ROP, ROP 3 or more and ROP Type 1 between the seven regions of the country. Results: The regional incidence of ROP varied between 54% and 92% for Any ROP, between 25% and 43% for ROP stage 3 or more and between 8% and 23% of infants with ROP Type 1, all of whom were treated. There was no significant difference between the regions regarding ROP Type 1, even when adjusting for known risk factors for ROP. Conclusion: The heterogeneity between the regions regarding the incidence of ROP was reduced with increasing severity of ROP, and there was no heterogeneity regarding frequency of treatment for ROP, which is the most important issue for the children. We cannot exclude observer bias regarding mild ROP and ROP stage 3 in this study.

  • 14.
    Azuara-Blanco, Augusto
    et al.
    Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
    McCorry, Noleen
    Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
    Tatham, Andrew J.
    Ophthalmology Department, Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
    Georgoulas, Stelios
    Ophthalmology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Founti, Panayiota
    Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road Campus, London, United Kingdom.
    Schweitzer, Cedric
    Ophthalmology, University Hospital Centre Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
    Meier-Gibbons, Frances
    Ophthalmology, Eye Center Rapperswil, Rapperswi, Switzerland.
    Denis, Philippe
    Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Universitaire de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
    Tuulonen, Anja
    Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
    Jóhannesson, Gauti
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    De La Casa, José María Martínez
    Ophthalmology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
    Prokosch, Verena
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Koln, Germany.
    Giannoulis, Dimitrios A.
    First Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
    Abegão Pinto, Luis
    Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.
    Garway-Heath, David
    Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
    Topouzis, Fotis
    First Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
    European Glaucoma Society research priorities for glaucoma care2023In: British Journal of Ophthalmology, ISSN 0007-1161, E-ISSN 1468-2079Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background/Aims: The goal of health research is to improve patients care and outcomes. Thus, it is essential that research addresses questions that are important to patients and clinicians. The aim of this study was to develop a list of priorities for glaucoma research involving stakeholders from different countries in Europe.

    Methods: We used a three-phase method, including a two-round electronic Delphi survey and a workshop. The clinician and patient electronic surveys were conducted in parallel and independently. For phase I, the survey was distributed to patients from 27 European countries in 6 different languages, and to European Glaucoma Society members, ophthalmologists with expertise in glaucoma care, asking to name up to five research priorities. During phase II, participants were asked to rank the questions identified in phase I using a Likert scale. Phase III was a 1 day workshop with patients and clinicians. The purpose was to make decisions about the 10 most important research priorities using the top 20 priorities identified by patients and clinicians.

    Results: In phase I, 308 patients and 150 clinicians were involved. In phase II, the highest-ranking priority for both patients and clinicians was € treatments to restore vision'. In phase III, eight patients and four clinicians were involved. The top three priorities were € treatments to stop sight loss', € treatments to restore vision' and € improved detection of worsening glaucoma'.

    Conclusion: We have developed a list of priorities for glaucoma research involving clinicians and patients from different European countries that will help guide research efforts and investment.

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  • 15. Backstrom, Gunnie
    et al.
    Lundberg, Björn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Intracameral acetylcholine effectively contracts pupils after dilatation with intracameral mydriatics2013In: Acta Ophthalmologica, ISSN 1755-375X, E-ISSN 1755-3768, Vol. 91, no 2, p. 123-126Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To determine whether intracameral acetylcholine can contract pupils dilated with intracameral mydriatics in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Methods: A total of 60 patients were included in this prospective randomized masked study performed at ornskoldsviks Hospital Eye Clinic. The patients were randomized and were given either topical placebo and an intracameral mydriatic solution (ICM) (cyclopentolate 0.1%, phenylephrine 1.5% and xylocaine 1%) (n=30) or topical mydriatics (TM) (cyclopentolate 0.85% and phenylephrine 1.5%) and xylocaine 1% intracamerally (n=30) at the start of surgery. After intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, 0.15ml 1% acetylcholine was given intracamerally in all cases. The pupil size was registered preoperatively, 45seconds after intracameral injection, after ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) evacuation, 30seconds after acetylcholine injection, 2min after acetylcholine injection and the day after surgery. Results: The pupil contraction and pupil size after acetylcholine injection showed no significant differences at 30seconds (contraction 1.0 +/- 0.4 in ICM group versus 0.9 +/- 0.4 in TM group; p=0.75; size 4.8 +/- 1.1 in the ICM group versus 5.2 +/- 1.1 in the TM group; p=0.24) or at 2min (contraction 1.5 +/- 0.6 in the ICM group versus 1.4 +/- 0.6 in the TM group; p=0.63; size 4.3 +/- 0.9 in the ICM group versus 4.7 +/- 1.0 in the TM group; p=0.13). No difference in baseline pupil size after ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) evacuation was seen between the two groups (5.8 +/- 0.9 in the ICM group versus 6.1 +/- 1.2 in the TM group; p=0.28). Conclusion: We here show that intracameral acetylcholine contracts pupils as effectively after dilatation with intracameral mydriatics as after dilatation with topical mydriatics. Cataract surgeons can feel comfortable and safe when using intracameral mydriatics, even if pupil contraction with acetylcholine should be required.

  • 16.
    Barkander, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Economou, M.A.
    Division of Ophthalmology and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, Capio Sophiahemmet Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jóhannesson, Gauti
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Outcomes of iStent inject versus kahook dual blade surgery in glaucoma patients undergoing cataract surgery2023In: Journal of glaucoma, ISSN 1057-0829, E-ISSN 1536-481X, Vol. 32, no 10, p. e121-e128Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Précis: iStent Inject implantation (iStent) or Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy (KDB) in combination with phacoemulsification have a similar IOP-lowering effect in all stages of glaucoma, and medications are significantly reduced, especially after KDB.

    PURPOSE: To compare the 2-year efficacy and safety of iStent or KDB in combination with phacoemulsification in eyes with mild to advanced open angle glaucoma.

    METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 153 patients that received iStent or KDB in combination with phacoemulsification at a single center between March 2019 and August 2020. The main outcome parameters at 2 years were: (1) intraocular pressure (IOP)-reduction ≥20%, with a postoperative IOP ≤18 mm Hg, and (2) a reduction of ≥1 medication. Results were stratified by glaucoma grade.

    RESULTS: After 2 years, mean IOP was reduced from 20.3±6.1 to 14.2±4.1 mm Hg in the phaco-iStent group ( P <0.001) and from 20.1±6.1 to 14.7±3.6 mm Hg in the phaco-KDB group ( P <0.001). The mean number of medications was reduced from 3.0±0.9 to 2.6±1.1 in the Phaco-iStent group ( P =0.001) and from 2.3±1.0 to 1.5±1.3 in the Phaco-KDB group ( P <0.001). Success regarding IOP-reduction ≥20% with a postoperative IOP ≤18 mm Hg was met by 46% in the phaco-iStent group and by 51% in the phaco-KDB group. A reduction of ≥1 medication was met by 32% in the phaco-iStent group and by 53% in the phaco-KDB group ( P =0.013). Eyes with mild to moderate and advanced glaucoma responded equally well to the success criteria.

    CONCLUSIONS: iStent and KDB, in combination with phacoemulsification, both lowered IOP effectively in all stages of glaucoma. More medications were reduced after KDB, suggesting that it may be a more effective procedure compared with iStent.

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  • 17.
    Barkander, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Economou, Mario A.
    Division of Ophthalmology and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, Capio Sophiahemmet Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jóhannesson, Gauti
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Kahook dual-blade goniotomy with and without phacoemulsification in medically uncontrolled glaucoma2023In: Clinical Ophthalmology, ISSN 1177-5467, E-ISSN 1177-5483, Vol. 17, p. 1385-1394Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To evaluate the 2-year efficacy and safety of Kahook dual-blade (KDB) goniotomy in patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma.

    Methods: This was a retrospective case-series study of 90 consecutive patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) that underwent KDB goniotomy alone (KDB-alone group) or KDB goniotomy in combination with phacoemulsification (KDB-phaco group) during 2019–2020. All patients were uncontrolled on three or more medications. Surgical success was defined as an IOP reduction ≥20% and/or a reduction of one or more medications at 24 months. We also report IOP levels and number of medications from baseline to 24 months, as well as the need for further glaucoma interventions.

    Results: At 24 months, mean IOP had reduced from 24.8±8.3 to 15.0±5.3 mmHg in the KDB-alone group (P<0.001) and from 22.3 ±5.8 to 13.9±3.0 mmHg in the KDB-phaco group (P<0.001). Medications had reduced from 3.5±0.6 to 3.1±0.9 in the KDB-alone group (P=0.047) and from 3.3±0.5 to 2.3±1.1 in the KDB-phaco group (P<0.001). An IOP reduction ≥20% and/or a reduction with one or more medications was achieved by 47% of eyes in the KDB-alone group and by 76% of eyes in the KDB-phaco group. Eyes with PEXG and POAG responded equally well to the success criteria. During the 24-month follow-up, additional glaucoma surgery or transscleral photocoagulation was performed in 28% of eyes in the KDB-alone group and in 12% of eyes in the KDB-phaco group.

    Conclusion: In patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma, KDB had a significant IOP-lowering effect after 24 months, but success rates were higher when KDB was performed in combination with cataract surgery compared to stand-alone treatment.

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  • 18.
    Beckman Rehnman, Jeannette
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics.
    New methods to evaluate the effect of conventional and modified crosslinking treatment for keratoconus2015Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Today corneal crosslinking with ultraviolet-A photoactivation of riboflavin is an established method to halt the progression of keratoconus. In some cases, when the refractive errors are large and the visual acuity is low, conventional corneal crosslinking may not be sufficient. In these cases it would be desirable with a treatment that both halts the progression and also reduces the refractive errors and improves the quality of vision.

    Aims:  The aims of this thesis were to determine whether mechanical compression of the cornea during corneal crosslinking for keratoconus using a sutured rigid contact lens could improve the optical and visual outcomes of the treatment, and also to find methods to evaluate the effect of different corneal crosslinking treatment regimens.

    Methods: In a prospective, open, randomized case-control study, 60 eyes of 43 patients with progressive keratoconus, aged 18-28 years, planned for routine corneal crosslinking, and a corresponding age- and sex-matched control group was included. The patients were randomized to conventional corneal crosslinking (CXL; n=30) or corneal crosslinking with mechanical compression of the cornea during the treatment (CRXL; n=30).

    Biomicroscopy, autorefractometry, best spectacle corrected visual acuity, axial length measurement, Pentacam® HR Scheimpflug photography, pachymetry, intraocular pressure measurements and corneal biomechanical assessments were performed before treatment (baseline) and at 1 month and 6 months after the treatment.

    One of the articles evaluated and compared the optical and visual outcomes between CXL and CRXL, while the other three articles focused on methods to evaluate treatment effects. In Paper I, the corneal light scattering was manually quantified from Scheimpflug images throughout the corneal thickness at 8 measurements points, 0.0 to 3.0 mm from the corneal centre, in patients treated with CXL. In Paper IV the corneal densitometry (light scattering) was measured with the Pentacam® HR software, in 4 circular zones around the corneal apex and at 3 different depths of the corneal stroma, in both CXL and CRXL treated corneas. Paper III quantified the biomechanical effects of CXL in vivo.

    Results: Corneal light scattering after CXL showed distinctive spatial and temporal profiles and Applanation Resonance Tonometry (ART) -technology demonstrated an increased corneal hysteresis 1 and 6 months after CXL. When comparing the refractive and structural results after CXL and CRXL, CRXL failed to flatten the cornea, and the treatment did not show any benefits to conventional CXL treatment, some variables even indicated an inferior effect. Accordingly, the increase in corneal densitometry was also less pronounced after CRXL.

    Conclusions: Analysis of corneal light scattering/densitometry shows tissue changes at the expected treatment location, and may be a relevant variable in evaluating the crosslinking effect. ART -technology is an in vivo method with the potential to assess the increased corneal hysteresis after CXL treatment. By refining the method, ARTmay become a useful tool in the future. Unfortunately, CRXL does not improve the optical and visual outcomes after corneal crosslinking. Possibly, stronger crosslinking would be necessary to stabilize the cornea in a flattened position.

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    New methods to evaluate the effect of conventional and modified crosslinking treatment for keratoconus
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  • 19.
    Beckman Rehnman, Jeannette
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Hallberg, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences.
    Lindén, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Increased corneal hysteresis after corneal collagen crosslinking: a study based on applanation resonance technology2014In: JAMA ophthalmology, ISSN 2168-6165, E-ISSN 2168-6173, Vol. 132, no 12, p. 1426-1432Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Importance: A reliable tool for quantification of the biomechanical status of the cornea in conjunction with corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) treatment is needed.

    Objective: To quantify the biomechanical effects of CXL in vivo.

    Design, Setting, and Participants: A prospective, open, case-control study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Participants included 28 patients (29 eyes) aged 18 to 28 years with progressive keratoconus and corresponding age- and sex-matched healthy individuals serving as controls. All participants were monitored during a 6-month period between October 13, 2009, and November 5, 2012.

    Main Outcomes and Measures: Corneal hysteresis after CXL for keratoconus.

    Results: A difference in corneal hysteresis between the control group and the patients with keratoconus was found at baseline, both with an applanation resonance tonometer (ART) and an ocular response analyzer (ORA), at mean (SD) values of -1.09 (1.92) mm Hg (99% CI, -2.26 to 0.07; P = .01) and -2.67 (2.55) mm Hg (99% CI, -4.05 to -1.32; P < .001), respectively. Increased corneal hysteresis was demonstrated with an ART 1 and 6 months after CXL, at 1.2 (2.4) mm Hg (99% CI,-0.1 to 2.5; P = .02) and 1.1 (2.7) mm Hg (99% CI, -0.3 to 2.6; P = .04), respectively, but not with ORA. A decrease in corneal thickness was seen 1 and 6 months after treatment (-24 [26] µm, P < .001; and -11 [21] µm, P = .01, respectively), and a corneal flattening of -0.6 (0.7) diopters was seen at 6 months (P < .001). No significant change in intraocular pressure was identified in patients with keratoconus with any method, except for an increase at 1 month with Goldmann applanation tonometry (P = .005).

    Conclusions and Relevance: To our knowledge ART is the first in vivo method able to assess the increased corneal hysteresis after CXL treatment. Given the large-scale use of CXL in modern keratoconus treatment, a tool with this capacity has a great potential value. Refinement of the ART method of measuring and quantifying corneal biomechanical properties will be a subject of further studies.

  • 20.
    Beckman Rehnman, Jeannette
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Hallberg, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences.
    Lindén, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Initial results from mechanical compression of the cornea during crosslinking for keratoconus2014In: Acta Ophthalmologica, ISSN 1755-375X, E-ISSN 1755-3768, Vol. 92, no 7, p. 644-649Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To compare refractive changes after corneal crosslinking with and without mechanical compression of the cornea.

    Methods: In a prospective, open, randomized case-control study conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden, sixty eyes of 43 patients with progressive keratoconus aged 18-28 years planned for corneal crosslinking and corresponding age- and sex-matched control subjects were included. The patients were randomized to conventional corneal crosslinking (CXL; n = 30) or corneal crosslinking with mechanical compression using a flat rigid contact lens sutured to the cornea during treatment (CRXL; n = 30). Subjective refraction and ETDRS best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), axial length measurement, keratometry and pachymetry were performed before and 1 and 6 months after treatment.

    Results: The keratoconus patients had poorer BSCVA, higher refractive astigmatism and higher keratometry readings than the control subjects at baseline (p < 0.01). In the CXL group, BSCVA increased from 0.19 ± 0.26 to 0.14 ± 0.18 logMar (p = 0.03), and the spherical equivalent improved from -1.9 ± 2.8 D to -1.4 ± 2.4 D (p = 0.03). Maximum keratometry readings decreased after CXL from 53.1 ± 4.9 D to 52.6 ± 5.2 D (p = 0.02), and the axial length decreased in the CXL group, likely due to post-treatment corneal thinning (p = 0.03). In the CRXL group, all the above variables were unaltered (p > 0.05).

    Conclusion: At 6 months, the refractive results from CRXL did not surpass those of conventional CXL treatment. Rather, some variables indicated a slightly inferior effect. Possibly, stronger crosslinking would be necessary to stabilize the cornea in the flattened configuration achieved by the rigid contact lens.

  • 21.
    Beckman Rehnman, Jeannette
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Janbaz, Chris C.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Lindén, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Spatial distribution of corneal light scattering after corneal collagen crosslinking2011In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, Vol. 37, no 11, p. 1939-1944Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To assess the spatial distribution and time course of increased corneal light scattering after corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A irradiation.

    Setting: Umeå University Hospital Eye Clinic, Umeå, Sweden.

    Design: Case series.

    Methods: Eyes with keratoconus were examined with Scheimpflug photography before and 1 and 6 months after CXL. Corneal light scattering was quantified throughout the corneal thickness at 8 measurement points 0.0 to 3.0 mm from the central cornea.

    Results: The study comprised 11 eyes of 11 patients. Central corneal light scattering increased significantly 1 month after CXL (P<.001). At 6 months, it decreased (P=.002); however, it was still higher than pretreatment values (P<.001). Light scattering at 1 month was more pronounced in the superficialstroma, gradually diminishing to zero at 240 μm depth. It was greater at the corneal center than 1.0 to 3.0 mm from the center. At 6 months, a second peak of light scattering occurred between 240 μm and 340 μm depth. No increased light scattering deeper than 340 μm was seen at either time point.

    Conclusions: Corneal light scattering after CXL showed distinctive spatial and temporal profiles. Analysis of corneal light scattering may give an impression of tissue changes, the depth of the CXL treatment effect, and the corneal response to the treatment. Scheimpflug photography appears to be useful for this purpose.

  • 22.
    Beckman Rehnman, Jeannette
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Lindén, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Hallberg, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Treatment Effect and Corneal Light Scattering With 2 Corneal Cross-linking Protocols: A Randomized Clinical Trial2015In: JAMA ophthalmology, ISSN 2168-6165, E-ISSN 2168-6173, Vol. 133, no 11, p. 1254-1260Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Importance: We describe and evaluate a complementary method to indirectly quantify the treatment effect of corneal cross-linking (CXL). Additional methods to indirectly quantify the treatment effect of CXL are needed.

    Objective: To assess the spatial distribution and the time course of the increased corneal densitometry (corneal light backscatter) seen after CXL with riboflavin and UV-A irradiation.

    Design, Setting, and Participants: Open-label randomized clinical trial of 43 patients (60 eyes) who were 18 to 28 years of age and had progressive keratoconus and a plan to be treated with CXL at Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden. The patients were randomized to receive conventional CXL (n = 30) using the Dresden protocol or CXL with mechanical compression of the cornea using a flat rigid contact lens sutured to the cornea during the treatment (CRXL) (n = 30). All participants were followed up during a 6-month period from October 13, 2009, through May 31, 2012.

    Interventions: Corneal cross-linking according to the Dresden protocol or CRXL.

    Main Outcomes and Measures: Change in corneal densitometry after CXL and CRXL for keratoconus.

    Results: Of the original 60 eyes included, 4 had incomplete data. A densitometry increase was seen after both treatments that was deeper and more pronounced in the CXL group (difference between the groups at 1 month in the center layer, zone 0-2 mm, 5.02 grayscale units [GSU], 95% CI, 2.92-7.12 GSU; P < .001). This increase diminished with time but was still noticeable at 6 months (difference between the groups at 6 months in the center layer, zone 0-2 mm, 3.47 GSU; 95% CI, 1.72-5.23 GSU; P < .001) and was proportional to the reduction in corneal steepness (R = -0.45 and -0.56 for CXL and CRXL, respectively).

    Conclusions and Relevance: The degree of corneal light backscatter relates to the reduction in corneal steepness after cross-linking and may become a relevant complement to other methods in evaluating the cross-linking effect, for example, when comparing different treatment regimens.

    Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02425150.

  • 23.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    A case of unilateral acid burn.2003In: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, ISSN 1395-3907, E-ISSN 1600-0420, Vol. 81, no 5, p. 526-529Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    [CONSULTATION SECTION: CATARACT] Delayed epithelial healing after photorefractive keratectomy: March Consultation #22017In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, Vol. 43, no 3, article id 428Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 25.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Ectasia after Refractive Surgery2017In: Ophthalmology, ISSN 0161-6420, E-ISSN 1549-4713, Vol. 124, no 10, p. 1440-1441Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 26.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Corneal endothelial integrity in aging mice lacking superoxide dismutase-1 and/or superoxide dismutase-3.2008In: Molecular Vision, ISSN 1090-0535, Vol. 14, p. 2025-30Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To evaluate the age-induced changes in corneal endothelial morphology in mice lacking the cytosolic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), the interstitial extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD-3), or both of these SOD isoenzymes. METHODS: The central corneal endothelial morphologies of old C57BL-6J wild type (n=19), SOD-1 null (n=16), SOD-3 null (n=15), and SOD1/3 null (n=11) mice were evaluated using alizarin red staining and light microscope photographs. For comparison, young endothelia from the same genotypes were evaluated similarly. The levels of corneal reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species in all four genotypes were quantified using fluorimetry with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and OxyBURST. RESULTS: In accordance with our previous findings, the mean corneal endothelial cell area was larger in the SOD-3 null genotype than in the wild type mice. The SOD-1/3 null genotype had similar cell sizes as the SOD-3 null mice but had a more irregular morphology at an older age. Apparently, these irregularities develop with time as they are not seen in young animals. The SOD-1 null mice did not differ from the wild type mice in corneal endothelial morphology. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species were seen in SOD-1 null and SOD-3 null corneas, and elevated superoxide levels were seen in all three knockout genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The increased spontaneous age-related enlargement of corneal endothelial cells seen in the absence of SOD-3 is associated with a more irregular cell pattern when combined with a lack of SOD-1. This indicates more cellular movements and ongoing repair in the SOD-1/3 null genotype and possibly a more vulnerable corneal endothelium. SOD-3 and SOD-1 appear to have functions in preserving corneal endothelial integrity in aging.

  • 27.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Effects on pupil size and accommodation from topical lidocaine hydrochloride and tetracaine hydrochloride.2007In: Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ISSN 1080-7683, E-ISSN 1557-7732, Vol. 23, no 6, p. 591-8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to quantify the mydriatic and cycloplegic effects from topically applied lidocaine hydrochloride 4% and tetracaine hydrochloride 1% in healthy volunteers. METHODS: Twenty-six (26) healthy volunteers age 23 +/- 2.5 years were included in this double-masked, randomized, intraindividually comparing study. All participants were given a drop of lidocaine 4% in 1 eye and tetracaine 1% in the contralateral eye three times with a 90-sec interval, which was subject to randomization. Before the eye drops, and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after the application of the last drop, Scheimpflug photography was performed in each eye, and the near point was determined using a near-point ruler. Before the eye drops and at 60 and 120 min, the visual acuity was determined with the ETDRS chart. The extent and time course of the mydriatic and cycloplegic responses were determined. RESULTS: Significant pupil dilation was seen with both substances; an increase from 3.25 +/- 0.48 to 3.52 +/- 0.76 mm (8.8 +/- 3.9%; P = 0.036) at 30 min with lidocaine, and from 3.19 +/- 0.46 to 3.44 +/- 0.49 mm (8.8 +/- 2.9%; P = 0.008) at 45 min with tetracaine. A subgroup analysis revealed that a mydriatic effect could only be detected in eyes with pale irides (P < 0.01). In pigmented irides, a slight miotic effect was noted. A decrease in accommodation was also seen: from 9.8 +/- 1.6 to 9.1 +/- 1.7 D (6.3 +/- 2.9%) at 15 min with lidocaine, and from 9.7 +/- 1.4 to 8.8 +/- 1.5 D (7.8 +/- 3.7%) at 30 min with tetracaine. Again, the effect was more pronounced in pale irides (P < 0.05). Both substances induced a small increase in corneal thickness (P < 0.01). A substantial epithelial opacification was noted with tetracaine, but not with lidocaine. CONCLUSIONS: Lidocaine 4% and tetracaine 1% exhibit significant mydriatic effects upon topical administration in eyes with pale irides. The mydriatic effect is more rapid and prolonged with lidocaine than with tetracaine.

  • 28.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Immediate sequential cataract surgery: the pros and cons of a controversial approach.2009In: Acta Ophthalmologica, ISSN 1755-375X, E-ISSN 1755-3768, Vol. 87, no 1, p. 2-3Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 29.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Keratokonus kan behandlas effektivt2016In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 113, no 38, article id D4AHArticle in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Keratoconus is a corneal thinning disease of largely unknown cause. The disease affects mainly young, healthy individuals, and leads to pronounced refractive errors and visual impairment. Effective treatments for keratoconus are available today, but require an early diagnosis. Awareness of the condition can contribute to it being discovered in time.

  • 30.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Phacoemulsification in spherophakia with corneal touch2002In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, Vol. 28, no 1, p. 189-191Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A phacoemulsification procedure with implantation of a foldable acrylic intraocular lens in a 31-year-old man with spherophakia is described. The procedure was necessitated by anterior dislocation of the spherophakic lens, with corneal endothelial contact and development of central corneal edema. With a careful approach, the procedure was uneventful and the outcome successful. Modern small-incision cataract surgery techniques are of great benefit in this type of complicated case.

  • 31.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Results with a modified method for scleral suturing of intraocular lenses.2002In: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, ISSN 1395-3907, E-ISSN 1600-0420, Vol. 80, no 1, p. 16-18Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE / METHODS: The long-term results obtained by a modified method of scleral suturing of posterior chamber lenses (PCLs) (Behndig & Otto 1997) were retrospectively registered and evaluated. Forty-four patients with insufficient capsular support for ordinary PCL implantation were included. Mean follow-up time was 13.1 +/- 6.4 months and registered parameters included visual acuity, deviation from planned refractive outcome, induced astigmatism, and complications. RESULTS / CONCLUSIONS: The results were comparable to those reported earlier for this type of surgery. It has previously been stated that scleral suturing of posterior chamber lenses is a safe procedure with good long-term results. This modified method produces comparable results while being more surgically simple and reproducible.

  • 32.
    Behndig, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Cochener, Beatrice
    Luis Gueell, Jose
    Kodjikian, Laurent
    Mencucci, Rita
    Nuijts, Rudy M. M. A.
    Pleyer, Uwe
    Rosen, Paul
    Szaflik, Jacek P.
    Tassignon, Marie-Jose
    Endophthalmitis prophylaxis in cataract surgery: Overview of current practice patterns in 9 European countries2013In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, Vol. 39, no 9, p. 1421-1431Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Data on practice patterns for prophylaxis against infectious postoperative endophthalmitis (IPOE) during cataract surgery in 9 European countries were searched in national registers and reviews of published surveys. Summary reports assessed each nation's IPOE rates, nonantibiotic prophylactic routines, topical and intracameral antibiotic use, and coherence to the European Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) 2007 guidelines. Although the reliability and completeness of available data vary between countries, the results show that IPOE rates differ significantly. Asepsis routines with povidone iodine and postoperative topical antibiotics are generally adopted. Use of preoperative and perioperative topical antibiotics as well as intracameral cefuroxime varies widely between and within countries. Five years after publication of the ESCRS guidelines, there is no consensus on intracameral cefuroxime use. Major obstacles include legal barriers or persisting controversy about the scientific rationale for systematic intracameral cefuroxime use in some countries and, until recently, lack of a commercially available preparation.

  • 33.
    Behndig, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Cochener-Lamard, Beatrice
    Gueell, Jose
    Kodjikian, Laurent
    Mencucci, Rita
    Nuijts, Rudy
    Pleyer, Uwe
    Rosen, Paul
    Szaflik, Jacek
    Tassignon, Marie-Jose
    Surgical, antiseptic, and antibiotic practice in cataract surgery: results from the European Observatory in 20132015In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, Vol. 41, no 12, p. 2635-2643Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To report the results from the first iteration of the European Observatory of Cataract Surgery, which was initiated to track changes in surgical, antiseptic, and antibiotic practices in cataract surgery over the coming years. SETTING: Practicing European cataract surgeons (n = 479). DESIGN: Internet-based declarative questionnaire or telephone questionnaire. METHODS: The questionnaire comprised 37 questions divided into 8 categories as follows: screening, surgeon profile, surgical procedure used, product use before arrival at the operating room, techniques for mydriasis and anesthesia, product use during the surgery, product use after the patient leaves the operating room, and surgeon's attitude to guidelines. RESULTS: Cataract surgeons (n = 2700) were initially contacted, of whom 479 (17.7%) were included in the survey. The current baseline survey revealed considerable variation between countries in their implementation of infectious postoperative endophthalmitis (IPOE) prophylaxis. In some countries, adoption of intracameral cefuroxime is almost universal, whereas in others, the use of such prophylaxis is below one half. When intracameral cefuroxime is used, it is generally cefuroxime powder designed for parenteral use. A preparation specifically registered for intracameral use is now available, and this formulation is more commonly used in countries in which intracameral cefuroxime was most widely adopted. CONCLUSION: The baseline results from this ongoing survey suggest a considerable level of heterogeneity between European countries in IPOE prophylaxis. Further iterations of this survey will monitor whether a consensus begins to emerge. Financial Disclosures: This work was supported by Laboratoires Thea, under the supervision of the expert group. Members of the expert group were remunerated by Laboratoires Thea J.F. Stolz, MD, PhD, provided editorial assistance in manuscript preparation, for which he was remunerated by Laboratoires Thea Anders Behndig, Rita Mencucci, and Jacek P. Szaflik report no relevant conflicts of interest.

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  • 34.
    Behndig, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Eriksson, Anders
    Medocular/Strandvägskliniken, Grevgatan 5, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Evaluation of surgical performance with intracameral mydriatics in phacoemulsification surgery.2004In: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, ISSN 1395-3907, E-ISSN 1600-0420, Vol. 82, no 2, p. 144-147Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To evaluate surgical performance using intracameral mydriatics (ICM) in phacoemulsification surgery in a series of consecutive cases. METHODS: In a series of 198 consecutive procedures 50-200 microl of cyclopentolate 0.1%, phenylephrine 1.5% and lidocaine 1% was given intracamerally for mydriasis and anaesthesia. The previous 198 cases, dilated with topical mydriatics, were studied for comparison. Several pre- intra- and postoperative parameters were registered, and the subjective surgical performance was graded after each procedure. In 41 consecutive cases, the change in pulse and oxygen saturation induced by the ICM injection was registered. RESULTS: No increase in operation time or complication rates was seen with ICM, compared to when standard topical mydriatics were used. The subjective surgical performance was ranked as equally good for both groups. CONCLUSION: From this clinical evaluation, our impression is that ICM performs well in routine phacoemulsification surgery.

  • 35.
    Behndig, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Korobelnik, Jean-Francois
    Mydriatic insert and intracameral injections compared with mydriatic eyedrops in cataract surgery: Controlled studies2015In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, Vol. 41, no 7, p. 1503-1519Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mydriatic eyedrops are the standard method for pupil dilation in cataract surgery, but their limitations have prompted a search for alternative techniques. Two alternatives an ophthalmic insert containing phenylephrine and tropicamide and intracameral injections of various combinations of lidocaine, cyclopentolate, and phenylephrine, with or without epinephrine in the irrigating solution have been assessed in prospective controlled studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We reviewed the safety and efficacy of mydriatic ophthalmic inserts and intracameral mydriatic injections compared with the safety and efficacy of mydriatic eyedrops using a systematic Pub Med search (1963 to 2014). We identified 9 prospective studies (7 RCTs, 637 patients) of the mydriatic ophthalmic insert and 15 prospective studies (14 RCTs, 1020 patients) of intracameral mydriatic injections; 7 of the RCTs compared intracameral mydriatic injections and mydriatic eyedrops and 7 RCTs studied the optimum intracameral mydriatic injection protocol. The latter showed that a lidocaine and phenylephrine based solution, without irrigating epinephrine, was optimum for intracameral mydriatic injections. The mydriatic ophthalmic insert and intracameral mydriatic injections were consistently shown to be safe and as effective as mydriatic eyedrops. Each method has distinct advantages and limitations. 

  • 36.
    Behndig, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Lindén, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Aqueous humor lidocaine concentrations in topical and intracameral anesthesia1998In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, Vol. 24, no 12, p. 1546-1647Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To assess aqueous humor lidocaine concentrations in 2 common regimens of topical anesthesia and after intracameral injection of the anesthetic agent. SETTING: University hospital eye clinic. METHODS: Twenty patients having routine cataract surgery were randomized into 3 groups: 1 given 3 drops of lidocaine 4% before surgery; 1 given 6 drops; 1 given 3 drops plus an intracameral injection of 0.1 mL lidocaine 1%. Lidocaine concentration was measured in aqueous humor samples taken before surgery. RESULTS: With 3 drops, aqueous lidocaine concentration was 1.4 micrograms/mL +/- 0.5 (SD) and with 6 drops, 4.3 +/- 1.5 micrograms/mL (P = .0015). With an intracameral injection, it was 341.8 +/- 152.6 micrograms/mL. CONCLUSION: Measurable amounts of lidocaine entered the anterior chamber in topical anesthesia, and more entered when more drops were given. It is likely that concentrations in this range could anesthetize the iris, but they are far lower than concentrations after an intracameral injection.

  • 37.
    Behndig, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Lundberg, Björn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Mydriatic response to different concentrations of intracameral phenylephrine in humans2010In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, Vol. 36, no 10, p. 1682-1686Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Results show that phenylephrine injected intracamerally does not have a linear mydriatic dose-response relationship in humans. At very high concentrations, phenylephrine may bind to and stimulate receptors other than the α(1)-receptor, explaining this phenomenon.

  • 38.
    Behndig, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Lundberg, Björn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Transient corneal edema after phacoemulsification: comparison of 3 viscoelastic regimens2002In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, Vol. 28, no 9, p. 1551-1556Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of different viscoelastic substances on the grade and time course of postoperative corneal edema. SETTING: Department of Clinical Sciences/Ophthalmology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden. METHODS: This study comprised 62 patients with otherwise healthy eyes who had routine phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was given Healon GV (sodium hyaluronate 1.4%) at phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Group 2 was given Viscoat (sodium hyaluronate 3.0%-chondroitin sulfate 4.0%) at phacoemulsification and Healon GV at IOL implantation. Group 3 was given Viscoat at phacoemulsification and Provisc (sodium hyaluronate 1.0%) at lens implantation. The central corneal thickness was measured with ultrasonic pachymetry before surgery and 5 and 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery. RESULTS: The mean increase in corneal thickness was significantly greater in Group 1 than in the other 2 groups 5 and 24 hours and 1 week after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The transient postoperative increase in central corneal thickness was greater in patients receiving Healon GV during phacoemulsification than in patients receiving Viscoat. The use of Provisc or Healon GV for IOL implantation did not affect the postoperative corneal thickness when Viscoat was used for phacoemulsification. The time course of the edema may be explained by a difference between the 2 agents in endothelial protection from ultrasonic, mechanical, or irrigation trauma.

  • 39.
    Behndig, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Markström, Klas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Determination of the aqueous humor volume by three-dimensional mapping of the anterior chamber.2005In: Ophthalmic Research, ISSN 0030-3747, E-ISSN 1423-0259, Vol. 37, no 1, p. 13-16Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study involving 12 patients planned for routine cataract surgery, we used the topography of the anterior chamber depth and the corneal diameter obtained from Orbscan II data to calculate the aqueous humor volume. Prior to the surgical procedure, a small amount of fluorescein was injected into the anterior chamber and an aqueous humor sample was taken, from which the aqueous humor volume could be calculated by fluorometry. The volumes obtained from Orbscan II data were validated by the fluorometric measurements and compared to three theoretical formulas for aqueous humor volume calculation. The aqueous humor volume calculations based on the Orbscan II data aligned better to the fluorometric values (R(2) = 0.890) than the values obtained by Heim's formula (R(2) = 0.677), Brubaker's formula (R(2) = 0.671), and Schenker's formula (R(2) = 0.585), or the assumption of a constant aqueous humor volume.

  • 40.
    Behndig, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Montan, Per
    Lundstrom, Mats
    Zetterstrom, Charlotta
    Kugelberg, Maria
    Gender differences in biometry prediction error and intra-ocular lens power calculation formula2014In: Acta Ophthalmologica, ISSN 1755-375X, E-ISSN 1755-3768, Vol. 92, no 8, p. 759-763Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    To analyze changes over time in biometry prediction error (BPE) after cataract surgery with special reference to the impact of gender and the intra-ocular lens (IOL) calculation formula.

    Methods

    About 65% of Swedish cataract surgery units participating in the outcome registration of the National Cataract Register (NCR) were included in this prospective register study. Data for planned and postoperative refraction and keratometry during the month of March 2004-2013 were analyzed, divided by gender. The newly introduced variables axial length and IOL calculation formula were analyzed for March 2013. Gender differences in BPE with correct sign (BPESign) and absolute biometry prediction error (BPEAbs) were compared for the Haigis' and Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff T (SRK/T) formulas.

    Results

    The BPEAbs decreased throughout the study period. In 2004-2006, the BPEAbs was larger in women than in men (p<0.05), but this difference disappeared from 2007. For 2004 through 2009, the mean BPESign was -0.1050.79D for women, but -0.003 +/- 0.73D for men. After 2009, this myopic error for women gradually diminished. The Haigis' formula performed better in women than the SRK/T formula (p<0.001); the SRK/T formula rendered a BPESign similar to that from 2004 to 2009 in women. Women had steeper corneas and shorter axial lengths than men (p<0.001).

    Conclusion

    The myopic BPE in women - associated with steeper corneas and shorter axial lengths - is decreasing, possibly owing to an increased use of the Haigis' formula. Using the Haigis' formula to a higher extent can potentially further reduce the BPEs after cataract surgery.

  • 41.
    Behndig, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Montan, Per
    St Eriks ögonsjukhus, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Stenevi, Ulf
    Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Molndal.
    Kugelberg, Maria
    St Eriks ögonsjukhus, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Lundstrom, Mats
    EyeNet Sweden, Blekinge Hospital, Karlskrona, € Sweden.
    One million cataract surgeries: Swedish National Cataract Register 1992-20092011In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, Vol. 37, no 8, p. 1539-1545Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This review summarizes data collected by the Swedish National Cataract Register, which now contains data pertaining to more than a million cataract surgery procedures, representing 95.6% of the surgeries performed in Sweden during 1992-2009. During this period, the rate of cataract surgery rose from 4.47 to 9.00 per 1000 inhabitants. The mean patient age increased until 1999 but has slowly decreased since then. Preoperative visual acuity has risen steadily. The distribution between the sexes was stable until 2000, after which the proportion of women slowly decreased. Registration of subjective benefit has brought new knowledge regarding indications and expectations. An improved questionnaire, Catquest-9SF has been used since 2008. The outcome register generally shows good results from the surgery. Endophthalmitis has decreased from 0.10% to below 0.040%.

  • 42.
    Behndig, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Montan, Per
    Stenevi, Ulf
    Kugelberg, Maria
    Zetterström, Charlotta
    Lundström, Mats
    Aiming for emmetropia after cataract surgery: Swedish National Cataract Register study2012In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, Vol. 38, no 7, p. 1181-1186Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To assess and analyze refractive outcome after cataract surgery in Sweden from 2008 though 2010. SETTING: Swedish cataract surgery units participating in outcome registration of National Cataract Register. DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: Planned and actual postoperative refractions were analyzed for cataract procedures and preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism for procedures performed in 2008 though 2010. Induced astigmatism was calculated with Naeser and Behrens polar coordinates. RESULTS: Postoperative refraction was analyzed for 17 056 procedures and corneal astigmatism for 7448 procedures. Emmetropia was targeted in 78.1% of eyes and achieved in 52.7%; 43.0% had less than 1.00 diopter (D) of astigmatism. "Reading myopia" of -3.5 to -1.6 D was targeted in 7.0% of eyes and achieved in 7.8%. Planned hyperopia greater than 1.0 D or myopia greater than -3.5 D was rare. The mean absolute biometry prediction error was 0.402 D +/- 0.338 (SD) in all eyes; however, astigmatic eyes and eyes planned for myopia or hyperopia had higher biometry prediction errors. Younger patients were more often astigmatic and planned for a more myopic outcome. Preoperatively, one third of eyes had more than 1.0 D of corneal astigmatism; postoperatively this figure was largely unaltered. The mean induced astigmatism was 0.525 +/- 0.804 D in all eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Emmetropia (spherical equivalent -0.5 to + 0.5 D and <1.0 D astigmatism) is the goal in most cataract cases but was reached in only 55% of eyes planned for emmetropia. Factors precluding emmetropia included remaining corneal astigmatism and biometry prediction errors in astigmatic and ametropic eyes.

  • 43.
    Behndig, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Mönestam, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Quantification of glistenings in intraocular lenses using Scheimpflug photography2009In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, Vol. 35, no 1, p. 14-17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We describe a method of quantifying glistenings in intraocular lenses (IOLs) using Scheimpflug photography. Glistenings in hydrophilic acrylic IOLs implanted over a 10-year period were quantified subjectively at the slitlamp and by digital image analysis of Scheimpflug photographs; the latter involved analysis of glistenings in the anterior and posterior IOL surfaces. Glistenings were seen in all IOLs, with more in those with a longer postoperative period. This association was stronger with Scheimpflug quantification (r(S) = 0.70; P<.000) than with subjective quantification (r(S) = 0.32; P = .11). Anterior and posterior IOL glistenings developed similarly over time. Scheimpflug photography had a higher degree of objectivity than subjective staging of IOL glistenings and also provided information about the axial localization of the glistenings. This investigation indicated that IOL glistenings continued to increase for up to 10 years.

  • 44.
    Behzadi, Arvin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Tjust, Anton Erik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Liu, Jing-Xia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Andersen, Peter Munch
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences.
    Brännström, Thomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4201-8204.
    Pedrosa Domellöf, Fatima
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Myofiber type shift in extraocular muscles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis2023In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, ISSN 0146-0404, E-ISSN 1552-5783, Vol. 64, no 5, article id 15Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To investigate changes in myofiber composition in the global layer (GL) and orbital layer (OL) of extraocular muscles (EOMs) from terminal amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) donors.

    Methods: Medial recti muscles collected postmortem from spinal-onset ALS, bulbar-onset ALS, and healthy control donors were processed for immunofluorescence with antibodies against myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIa, MyHCI, MyHCeom, laminin, neurofilaments, synaptophysin, acetylcholine receptor γ-subunit, and α-bungarotoxin.

    Results: The proportion of myofibers containing MyHCIIa was significantly smaller and MyHCeom was significantly larger in the GL of spinal-onset ALS and bulbar-onset ALS donors compared to control donors. Changes in the GL were more prominent in the bulbar-onset ALS donors, with a significantly larger proportion of myofibers containing MyHCeom being present compared to spinal-onset ALS donors. There were no significant differences in the myofiber composition in the OL. In the spinal-onset ALS donors, the proportions of myofibers containing MyHCIIa in the GL and MyHCeom in the OL were significantly correlated with the disease duration. Neurofilament and synaptophysin were present at motor endplates of myofibers containing MyHCeom in ALS donors.

    Conclusions: The EOMs of terminal ALS donors displayed changes in the fast-type myofiber composition in the GL, with a more pronounced alteration in bulbar-onset ALS donors. Our results align with the worse prognosis and subclinical changes in eye movement function previously observed in bulbar-onset ALS patients and suggest that the myofibers in the OL might be more resistant to the pathological process in ALS.

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  • 45. Bengtsson, Boel
    et al.
    Heijl, Anders
    Jóhannesson, Gauti
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Andersson-Geimer, Sabina
    Aspberg, Johan
    Linden, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    The Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (GITS), a randomized clinical trial: design, methodology and baseline data2018In: Acta Ophthalmologica, ISSN 1755-375X, E-ISSN 1755-3768, Vol. 96, no 6, p. 557-566Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The primary objective of the ongoing Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (GITS) is to evaluate the effectiveness of immediate intensive treatment in comparison with the commonly recommended stepped regimen on the predicted visual field. The two treatment arms are also being compared regarding quality of life (QoL), intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, frequency of reported side‐effects, adverse events and adherence to prescribed treatment.

    Design: A randomized, two‐centre, prospective open‐labelled treatment trial for open‐angle glaucoma.

    Participants: Individuals aged 40–78 years with previously untreated and newly diagnosed glaucoma with early to moderate visual field loss were eligible.

    Methods: Patients were randomized to initial treatment either using drug monotherapy in accordance with common glaucoma guidelines or using a more intensive approach including eyedrops containing drugs from three different classes combined with 360° laser trabeculoplasty. The patients are to be followed for 5 years at visits including standard automated perimetry, optical coherence tomography (OPT) and tonometry. Change of treatment is allowed and decided upon jointly with the patient as in conventional glaucoma management.Main outcome: The estimated predicted preserved visual field and QoL at end of expected lifetime.

    Results: A total of 242 patients, 45% females, mean age 68 years, were randomized. The median untreated IOP was 24 mm Hg, and the median visual field index (VFI), indicating the percentage of a full field, was 92%.

    Conclusion: Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study is a clinical trial in which two groups of patients randomized to different initial intensities of IOP‐reducing treatment are being compared with regard to rate of visual field progression and prediction of serious glaucomatous visual field loss at estimated at end of life.

  • 46. Bengtsson, Boel
    et al.
    Linden, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Heijl, Anders
    Andersson-Geimer, Sabina
    Aspberg, Johan
    Jóhannesson, Gauti
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    The glaucoma intensive treatment study: interim results from an ongoing longitudinal randomized clinical trial2022In: Acta Ophthalmologica, ISSN 1755-375X, E-ISSN 1755-3768, Vol. 100, no 2, p. e455-e462Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the perimetric rate of glaucoma progression in the ongoing Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (GITS) after 3 years of follow-up.

    Design: This is a randomized, two-centre, prospective open-labelled treatment trial for open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Participants The participants of this study were treatment-naive patients with newly diagnosed OAG, aged 46-78 years, with early to moderate glaucomatous visual field loss scheduled to be followed for 5 years within the study.

    Methods: Patients were randomized to initial treatment with either topical monotherapy or with an intensive approach using drugs from three different classes, plus 360 degrees laser trabeculoplasty. Changes in treatment were allowed. Standard automated perimetry and tonometry were performed and side-effects documented. All results are presented using intention-to-treat analysis.

    Results: A total of 242 patients were randomized. After 3 years of follow-up, eight patients were lost to follow-up, six of whom were deceased. The median untreated baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) was 24 mmHg in both arms. The median IOP was almost constant over the 3 years of follow-up: approximate to 17 mmHg in the mono-arm and approximate to 14 mmHg in the multi-treatment arm. Treatment was intensified in 42% of the mono-treated patients and in 7% of the multi-treated patients. Treatment was reduced in 13% of the multi-treated patients. The median perimetric rate of progression was -0.5%/year in the mono-treated group and -0.1%/year in the multi-treated group (p = 0.03).

    Conclusion: The rate of disease progression was significantly slower in the multi-treated patients than in the mono-treated patients. Further follow-up will show whether this difference is sustained over time.

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  • 47.
    Boström, Ida Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical Genetics.
    Viberg, Andreas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Golovleva, Irina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical Genetics.
    Byström, Berit
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    CTG18.1 expansion in transcription factor 4 (TCF4) in corneal graft failure: preliminary study2024In: Cell and Tissue Banking, ISSN 1389-9333, E-ISSN 1573-6814Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is caused by a corneal endothelial cell loss, leading to corneal edema and visual impairment. The most significant genetic risk factor for FECD is an expansion of the CTG18.1 locus in transcription factor 4 (TCF4). The current treatment for severe FECD is corneal transplantation, with Descemet stripping automated keratoplasty (DSAEK) as a common surgical method. Although successful in most cases, the risk for transplant failure due to diverse causes must be considered. In this study, we investigated if presence of TCF4 CTG18.1 expansion with more than 31 (n ≥ 31) repeats in donated corneal grafts could be a reason for corneal transplant failure after DSAEK. For this, nine consecutively failed DSAEK corneal grafts were genotyped for CTG18.1 repeat length. One-sided Mann–Whitney U test was performed to evaluate if failed DSAEK corneal grafts had longer CTG18.1 repeats than healthy controls from the same population. All failed corneal grafts had CTG18.1 n ≤ 27 with a median of 18 (IQR 8.0) repeats for the longest allele. There was no statistical difference in CTG18.1 repeat lengths between failed corneal grafts and the geographically matched healthy control group. In conclusion, none of the nine failed corneal grafts in our material had CTG18.1 repeat lengths ≥ 31, a cut-off known to have a biological relevance in FECD. Thus, our results suggest that the assessment of donors and inspection of the corneal tissue before the decision for procurement is sufficient, in terms of recognizing FECD in the donor.

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  • 48.
    Bro, Tomas
    et al.
    Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Behndig, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Viberg, Andreas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Zetterberg, Madeleine
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kugelberg, Maria
    Division of Ophthalmology and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Ingela
    Capio Medocular AB, Malmö, Sweden.
    Thorburn, William
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Stenevi, Ulf
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lundström, Mats
    Department of Clinical Sciences/Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Two point four million cataract surgeries: 30 years with the Swedish National Cataract Register, 1992-20212023In: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, E-ISSN 1873-4502, Vol. 49, no 8, p. 879-884Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present review summarizes data collected by the Swedish National Cataract Register (NCR), which by the end of 2021 contained data for more than 2.4 million cataract surgeries between 1992 and 2021. During these 30 years, the cataract surgery rate rose from 3700 to 12 800. The coverage of NCR is very high including 93% of all cataract procedures in Sweden between 2010 and 2021. Independently of demographic changes, the proportion of operations of patients age 60 to 79 has increased while the proportion of 80 to 90+ has decreased. The median visual acuity of the first eye planned for surgery was 0.1 decimal in 1992 and has increased to 0.5 decimal in 2021. Patient-reported outcome measures have been registered with the Catquest-9SF questionnaire since 2008, demonstrating intervention at an earlier stage, but consistently favorable outcomes. Surgical complications have decreased; endophthalmitis has decreased from 0.10% to below 0.02%, and posterior capsule rupture from 2.8% to 0.6%.

  • 49.
    Bro, Tomas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology. The Eye Department, Höglandssjukhuset, Eksjö.
    Linden, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    The More, the Better?: The Usefulness of Brimonidine as the Fourth Antiglaucoma Eye Drop2018In: Journal of glaucoma, ISSN 1057-0829, E-ISSN 1536-481X, Vol. 27, no 7, p. 643-646Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose:The purpose of this article was to study the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of adding brimonidine as the fourth antiglaucoma medication to a preexisting therapy of 3 topical drugs.

    Methods:This was a retrospective, register-based, cohort study of medical records and computerized medical information comprising 1 county in Sweden. The main outcome measure was change in IOP after brimonidine addition. Short-term and long-term effects were evaluated.

    Results:Of 4910 patients on antiglaucoma medication, 69 (1.4%) initiated a treatment with brimonidine as the fourth drug during 2014. Fifty-three patients were eligible for analysis. Forty-six patients tolerated the treatment. Among them, short-term IOP decreased by 17% (confidence interval, 10%-25%; P<0.001) after a mean of 46 days (SD, 50d). Twenty-eight patients, that is, 53% of the eligible, remained on unchanged therapy after a mean follow-up time of 368 days (SD, 61d). The long-term mean IOP decrease in this group was 20% (confidence interval, 11%-29%; P<0.0001). An IOP reduction of at least 20% was reached by 28 and 14 patients, in the short-term and long-term follow-ups, respectively.

    Conclusions:Brimonidine has the potential to reduce the IOP significantly even when used as the fourth drug. In the short-term, half of the patients reached the target IOP reduction (20%). After 1 year, a quarter of the eligible patients had had a sustained, uneventful effect. Thus, brimonidine as the fourth adjunctive antiglaucoma drop seems a valuable option for a minority of patients.

  • 50.
    Bro, Tomas
    et al.
    Department of Ophthalmology, Eksjö, Sweden; Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Wickström, Kerstin
    Icelandic Medicines Agency, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Linden, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    The future is old: patients with topical ocular hypotensive treatment in the Nordic region between 2008 and 2017 with projections for 20402021In: Acta Ophthalmologica, ISSN 1755-375X, E-ISSN 1755-3768, Vol. 99, no 2, p. e1442-e1448Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The primary objective was to evaluate prescribing trends for topical ocular hypotensive treatment in the Nordic region during the last decade and, by population projections, estimate the glaucoma burden in 2040. A secondary objective was to analyse national variations in prescription patterns across the Nordic region.

    Methods: A retrospective analysis of national pharmacy data between 2008 and 2017 on the dispensation of topical ocular hypotensive treatment in the Nordic region was performed. Predictions of the glaucoma burden in 2040 were calculated from official population projections.

    Results: The total number of patients with ocular hypotensive treatment in the Nordic region increased from 346 000 to 418 000 (21%) between 2008 and 2017. The number of patients with ocular hypotensive treatment in the age group of 50 years and older increased from 3.6% to 3.9%. The daily defined dose (DDD) per patient and day during the study period increased from 1.22 to 1.26. Adjusted for beta-blocker combinations, the same value increased from 1.49 to 1.67. Across the Nordic countries, Finland had almost twice as many DDD per patient and day in 2017 (2.1) compared with Iceland (1.1). Between 2008 and 2017, the annual treatment cost for ocular hypotensive treatment in the Nordic region decreased from 96 million to 87 million Euro (−9%). In 2040, the number of patients with ocular hypotensive treatment in the Nordic region is estimated to 633 000 individuals (+51% compared with 2017).

    Conclusions: The study revealed an increased use of glaucoma medications in the Nordic region the last decade. This was mainly caused by an increased number of patients with ocular hypotensive treatment, but also because of a more intensive treatment. Marked national differences were detected. Due to the introduction of generic medications, the total cost for ocular hypotensive treatment did however decrease during the last decade. In 2040, the current number of individuals with ocular hypotensive treatment is estimated to have increased with an additional 50% due to a growing number of ageing individuals. This will lead to higher costs, not only for medications but also for diagnosing, monitoring and other aspects of glaucoma care.

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