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  • 1.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Ambulance Work: Relationships between occupational demands, individual characteristics and health-related outcomes2005Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Although musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and other health complaints are an occupational problem for ambulance personnel, there is a lack of knowledge regarding work-related factors associated with MSDs and other health complaints. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationships between occupational demands, individual characteristics and health-related outcomes among ambulance personnel.

    A random sample of 234 female and 953 male ambulance personnel participated in a national questionnaire survey on work-related factors, and musculoskeletal and other health complaints. Physical demands was associated with activity limitation due to neck-shoulder and low-back complaints among the female personnel. Among the male personnel, physical demands was associated with low-back complaints and activity limitation due to low-back complaints. Psychological demands was significantly associated with neck-shoulder complaints, sleeping problems, headache and stomach symptoms among both female and male ambulance personnel. Worry about work conditions was associated with musculoskeletal disorders and sleeping problems, headache and stomach symptoms.

    A local sample of 26 ambulance personnel was followed during a 24-hour work shift and for the next two work-free days. Subjective stress- and energy levels, and cortisol levels were measured at regular intervals, and heart rate was registered continuously by electrocardiogram (ECG). Autonomic reactivity to standardized tests before (pre-work) and at the end of the work shift (post-work) was also investigated. For the whole group, baseline values of heart rate were higher pre-work than post-work, but autonomic reactivity did not differ. Increased reactivity to the mental test, modest deviation in heart rate variability (HRV) pattern during the late night hours at work and higher morning cortisol values during work than during leisure time were observed in personnel with many health complaints, but not among their co-workers without or with few complaints. Ambulance personnel with many health complaints also reported higher psychological demands and tended to be more worried about work conditions.

    Heart rate (HR), lactate level (LL) and perceived exertion (RPE) were investigated in 17 female and 48 male ambulance personnel during a simulated standardized work task “carry a loaded stretcher”. The ambulance personnel had to carry the loaded stretcher (920 N) up and down three flights of stairs twice. The high physiological strain (HR, LL, RPE) for the male, and near or at maximal strain for the female ambulance personnel, implied the importance to identify what kind of physical capacity is most important for ambulance personnel. Therefore, the explained variance of developed fatigue by tests of cardiorespiratory capacity, muscular strength and endurance, and coordination was investigated. The results showed that VO2max and isometric back endurance were important predictors for development of fatigue when carrying a loaded stretcher.

    The influence of body size on the relationships between maximal strength and functional performance was investigated in a methodological study. The results confirm that the assessment of physical performance could be confounded by the body weight. Therefore, the models for explaining development of fatigue when carrying the loaded stretcher were adjusted for height and weight. Including height in the models significantly increased the explained variance of accumulated lactate among female, but not among male personnel. Lactate levels were higher among short compared to tall female personnel. Weight had no effect on any of the models.

    In conclusion, the national survey showed that self-reported physical demands was a risk factor of having MSDs, and that self-reported psychological demands and worry about work were important risk factors of having MSDs and other health complaints. Stress monitoring of ambulance personnel during work and leisure time showed that physiological and subjective stress markers did not show any differences between the 24-hour ambulance work shift and leisure time afterwards. However, ambulance personnel with many health complaints had certain physiological changes during the work shift in comparison with the next two work-free days. The physiological and subjective responses during carrying a loaded stretcher, especially among the female ambulance personnel, showed that female and male ambulance personnel could be exposed to internal exposures at different levels when performing the same work task. A better understanding of the relationships between occupational demands and health-related outcomes require further studies on age- and gender matched groups in long-term perspective studies.

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  • 2.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine.
    Barnekow-Bergkvist, Margareta
    Angquist, Karl-Axel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Brulin, Christine
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Relationships between work-related factors and disorders in the neck-shoulder and low-back region among female and male ambulance personnel.2005In: Journal of Occupational Health, ISSN 1341-9145, E-ISSN 1348-9585, Vol. 47, no 6, p. 481-9Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This cross-sectional study on a random sample of 1,500 ambulance personnel investigated the relationships between self-reported work-related physical and psychosocial factors, worry about work conditions, and musculoskeletal disorders among female and male ambulance personnel. Three different outcomes, complaints, activity limitation, and sick leave, for the neck-shoulder and low-back region, respectively, were chosen. Among the female personnel, physical demands was significantly associated with activity limitation in the neck-shoulder (OR 4.13) and low-back region (OR 2.17), and psychological demands with neck-shoulder (OR 2.37) and low-back (OR 2.28) complaints. Among the male personnel, physical demands was significantly associated with low-back complaints (OR 1.41) and activity limitation (OR 1.62). Psychological demands and lack of social support were significantly associated with neck-shoulder complaints (OR 1.86 and OR 1.58, respectively) and activity limitation (OR 3.46 and OR 1.71) as well as activity limitation due to low-back complaints (OR 2.22 and OR 1.63). Worry about work conditions was independently associated with activity limitation due to low-back complaints among the female (OR 5.28), and to both neck-shoulder and low-back complaints (OR 1.79 and OR 2.04, respectively) and activity limitation (OR 2.32 and OR 1.95) among the male personnel. In conclusion, the association patterns between physical and psychological demands and MSDs suggest opportunities for intervention.

  • 3.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine.
    Brulin, Christine
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Ängquist, Karl-Axel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Barnekow-Bergkvist, Margareta
    Work-related psychosocial factors, worry about work conditions and health complaints among female and male ambulance personnel.2005In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 19, no 3, p. 251-258Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 4. Aasa, Ulrika
    et al.
    Kalezic, Nebojsa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences.
    Lyskov, Eugene
    Ängquist, Karl-Axel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Barnekow-Bergkvist, Margareta
    Stress monitoring of ambulance personnel during work and leisure time.2006In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, ISSN 0340-0131, E-ISSN 1432-1246, Vol. 80, no 1, p. 51-59Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 5.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy.
    Ängquist, Karl-Axel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Barnekow-Bergkvist, Margareta
    The effects of a 1-year physical exercise programme on development of fatigue during a simulated ambulance work task.2008In: Ergonomics, ISSN 0014-0139, E-ISSN 1366-5847, Vol. 51, no 8, p. 1179-94Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of individually prescribed physical exercise programmes on development of fatigue during the carrying of a loaded stretcher up and down the stairs. Nineteen ambulance personnel performed the training for 1 year. Testing occurred before and after 1 year of the training. Both the training group (n = 19) and the control group (n = 15) were assessed for physical capacity and lactate concentration in blood and ratings of perceived exertion during carrying a stretcher on the stairs. When comparisons were made between those who had been training three times/week for 1 year and the control group, lactate concentration was significantly decreased. In conclusion, markers of fatigue during stretcher carrying can be reduced by the use of individually prescribed physical exercise programmes.

  • 6. Abbas, Sascha
    et al.
    Linseisen, Jakob
    Rohrmann, Sabine
    Chang-Claude, Jenny
    Peeters, Petra H
    Engel, Pierre
    Brustad, Magritt
    Lund, Eiliv
    Skeie, Guri
    Olsen, Anja
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Overvad, Kim
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Fagherazzi, Guy
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Boeing, Heiner
    Buijsse, Brian
    Adarakis, George
    Ouranos, Vassilis
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Masala, Giovanna
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Mattiello, Amalia
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Buckland, Genevieve
    Suárez, Marcial Vicente Argüelles
    Sánchez, Maria-José
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Amiano, Pilar
    Manjer, Jonas
    Wirfält, Elisabet
    Lenner, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Sund, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B
    van Duijnhoven, Fränzel J B
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Key, Timothy J
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Gallo, Valentina
    Norat, Teresa
    Wark, Petra A
    Riboli, Elio
    Dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium and breast cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition2013In: Nutrition and Cancer, ISSN 0163-5581, E-ISSN 1532-7914, Vol. 65, no 2, p. 178-187Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Studies assessing the effects of vitamin D or calcium intake on breast cancer risk have been inconclusive. Furthermore, few studies have evaluated them jointly. This study is the largest so far examining the association of dietary vitamin D and calcium intake with breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. During a mean follow-up of 8.8 yr, 7760 incident invasive breast cancer cases were identified among 319,985 women. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of vitamin D intake, HR and 95% CI were 1.07 (0.87-1.32) and 1.02 (0.90-1.16) for pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively. The corresponding HR and 95% CIs for calcium intake were 0.98 (0.80-1.19) and 0.90 (0.79-1.02), respectively. For calcium intake in postmenopausal women, the test for trend was borderline statistically significant (P(trend) = 0.05). There was no significant interaction between vitamin D and calcium intake and cancer risk (P(interaction) = 0.57 and 0.22 in pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively). In this large prospective cohort, we found no evidence for an association between dietary vitamin D or calcium intake and breast cancer risk.

  • 7.
    Abrahamsson, Pernilla
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Johansson, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Åberg, Anna-Maja
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Winsö, Ola
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Blind, Per Jonas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Outcome of microdialysis sampling on liver surface and parenchyma2016In: Journal of Surgical Research, ISSN 0022-4804, E-ISSN 1095-8673, Vol. 200, no 2, p. 480-487Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: To investigate whether surface microdialysis (μD) sampling in probes covered by a plastic film, as compared to noncovered and to intraparenchymatous probes, would increase the technique's sensitivity for pathophysiologic events occurring in a liver ischemia-reperfusion model. Placement of μD probes in the parenchyma of an organ, as is conventionally done, may cause adverse effects, e.g., bleeding, possibly influencing outcome.

    Methods: A transient ischemia-reperfusion model of the liver was used in six anesthetized normoventilated pigs. μD probes were placed in the parenchyma and on the liver surface. Surface probes were either left uncovered or were covered by plastic film.

    Results: Lactate and glucose levels were significantly higher in plastic film covered probes than in uncovered surface probes throughout the ischemic period. Glycerol levels were significantly higher in plastic film covered probes than in uncovered surface probes at 30 and 45 min into ischemia.

    Conclusions: Covering the μD probe increases the sensibility of the μD–technique in monitoring an ischemic insult and reperfusion in the liver. These findings confirm that the principle of surface μD works, possibly replacing need of intraparenchymatous placement of μD probes. Surface μD seemingly allows, noninvasively from an organ's surface, via the extracellular compartment, assessment of intracellular metabolic events. The finding that covered surface μD probes allows detection of local metabolic changes earlier than do intraparenchymatous probes, merit further investigation focusing on μD probe design.

  • 8.
    Adamo, Karin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Gunnarsson, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Eeg-Olofsson, Katarina
    Strigård, Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Brännström, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Department of Surgery, Södertälje Hospital, Södertälje, Sweden.
    Risk for developing perianal abscess in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and the impact of poor glycemic control2021In: International Journal of Colorectal Disease, ISSN 0179-1958, E-ISSN 1432-1262, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 999-1005Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to see whether perianal abscess rate differs between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. A secondary aim was to determine whether poor glycemic control increases the risk for perianal abscess.

    Methods: Data from the Swedish National Diabetes Registry and the Swedish National Patient Registry between January 2008 and June 2015 were matched. The risk for anal abscess was evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses with type of diabetes, HbA1c level, BMI, and various diabetes complications as independent factors.

    Results: Patients with type 1 diabetes had a lower rate of perianal abscess than patients with type 2 diabetes when adjusted for HbA1c, sex, and age (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.57–0.73). The risk for perianal abscess increased with higher HbA1c. Incidence of perianal abscess was also elevated in diabetes patients with complications related to poor glycemic control such as ketoacidosis and coma (OR 2.63; 95% CI 2.06–3.35), gastroparesis, and polyneuropathy (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.41–2.32).

    Conclusions: The prevalence of perianal abscess was higher among patients with type 2 diabetes than those with type 1, suggesting that metabolic derangement may be more important than autoimmune factors. Poor glycemic control was associated with higher risk for perianal abscess.

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  • 9.
    Adamo, Karin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Sandblom, Gabriel
    Brännström, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Strigård, Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Prevalence and recurrence rate of perianal abscess -a population-based study, Sweden 1997-20092016In: International Journal of Colorectal Disease, ISSN 0179-1958, E-ISSN 1432-1262, Vol. 31, no 3, p. 669-673Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease, HIV/aids, and obesity on the prevalence and readmission rate of perianal abscess.

    METHODS: The study cohort was based on the Swedish National Patient Register and included all patients treated for perianal abscess in Sweden 1997-2009. The prevalence and risk for readmission were assessed in association with four comorbidity diagnoses: diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease, HIV, and/or AIDS and obesity.

    RESULTS: A total of 18,877 patients were admitted during the study period including 11,138 men and 4557 women (2.4:1). Crohn's disease, diabetes, and obesity were associated with a significantly higher prevalence of perianal abscess than an age- and gender-matched background population (p < 0.05). In univariate analysis, neither age nor gender had any significant impact on the risk for readmission. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, Crohns disease was the only significant risk factor for readmission of perianal abscess.

    CONCLUSION: Crohn's disease, diabetes, and obesity increase the risk for perianal abscess. Of these, Crohn's and HIV has an impact on readmission. The pathogenesis and the influence of diabetes and obesity need further research if we are to understand why these diseases increase the risk for perianal abscess but not its recurrence.

  • 10. Agarwala, Sanjiv S
    et al.
    Hellstrand, Kristoffer
    Gehlsen, Kurt
    Naredi, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Immunotherapy with histamine and interleukin 2 in malignant melanoma with liver metastasis.2004In: Cancer Immunol Immunother, ISSN 0340-7004, Vol. 53, no 9, p. 840-1Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 11. Agreus, Lars
    et al.
    Hellström, Per M.
    Talley, Nicholas J.
    Wallner, Bengt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Forsberg, Anna
    Vieth, Michael
    Veits, Lothar
    Björkegren, Karin
    Engstrand, Lars
    Andreasson, Anna
    Towards a healthy stomach? Helicobacter pylori prevalence has dramatically decreased over 23 years in adults in a Swedish community2016In: United European Gastroenterology journal, ISSN 2050-6406, E-ISSN 2050-6414, Vol. 4, no 5, p. 686-696Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background In Western countries the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may be declining but there is a lack of recent longitudinal population studies. We evaluated the changing epidemiology over a 23-year period in Sweden. Materials and methods In 1989, the validated Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire (ASQ) was mailed to a random sample of inhabitants (ages 22-80 years) in a Swedish community, and 1097 (87%) responded. H. pylori serology was analysed in a representative subsample (n=145). Twenty-three years later, the ASQ was mailed again using similar selection criteria, and 388 out of 1036 responders had an upper endoscopy with assessment of H. pylori and corpus atrophy status. Results The prevalence of positive H. pylori serology decreased from 37.9% (1989) to 15.8% (2012), corresponding to a decrease in odds of 75% per decade (odds ratio (OR): 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11-0.59, p=0.001) independent of age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and level of education, with a pattern consistent with a birth cohort effect. The prevalence increased with increasing age (p=0.001). The prevalence of H. pylori on histology in 2012 was 11.4% (95% CI 8.6-15.0). The prevalence of corpus atrophy on serology and/or histology in 2012 was 3.2% (95% CI 1.8-5.5); all cases were 57 years old. Conclusion The stomach is healthier in 2012 compared with 1989. H. pylori prevalence in adults has decreased over the last two decades to a level where clinical management might be affected.

  • 12. Agudo, Antonio
    et al.
    Bonet, Catalina
    Sala, Núria
    Muñoz, Xavier
    Aranda, Núria
    Fonseca-Nunes, Ana
    Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine
    Vineis, Paolo
    Panico, Salvatore
    Palli, Domenico
    Tumino, Rosario
    Grioni, Sara
    Quirós, J Ramón
    Molina, Esther
    Navarro, Carmen
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Chamosa, Saioa
    Allen, Naomi E
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Siersema, Peter D
    Numans, Mattijs E
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Kaaks, Rudof
    Canzian, Federico
    Boeing, Heiner
    Meidtner, Karina
    Johansson, Mattias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine. WHO, IARC, Lyon, France.
    Sund, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Manjer, Jonas
    Overvad, Kim
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Lund, Eiliv
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Jenab, Mazda
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Offerhaus, G Johan A
    Riboli, Elio
    González, Carlos A
    Jakszyn, Paula
    Hemochromatosis (HFE) gene mutations and risk of gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study2013In: Carcinogenesis, ISSN 0143-3334, E-ISSN 1460-2180, Vol. 34, no 6, p. 1244-1250Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a strong risk factor for hepatocellular cancer, and mutations in the HFE gene associated with HH and iron overload may be related to other tumors, but no studies have been reported for gastric cancer (GC). A nested case-control study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), including 365 incident gastric adenocarcinoma and 1284 controls matched by center, sex, age and date of blood collection. Genotype analysis was performed for two functional polymorphisms (C282Y/rs1800562 and H63D/rs1799945) and seven tagSNPs of the HFE genomic region. Association with all gastric adenocarcinoma, and according to anatomical localization and histological subtype, was assessed by means of the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimated by unconditional logistic regression adjusted for the matching variables. We observed a significant association for H63D with OR (per rare allele) of 1.32 (CI = 1.03-1.69). In subgroup analyses, the association was stronger for non-cardia anatomical subsite (OR = 1.60, CI = 1.16-2.21) and intestinal histological subtype (OR = 1.82, CI = 1.27-2.62). Among intestinal cases, two tagSNPs (rs1572982 and rs6918586) also showed a significant association that disappeared after adjustment for H63D. No association with tumors located in the cardia or with diffuse subtype was found for any of the nine SNPs analyzed. Our results suggest that H63D variant in HFE gene seems to be associated with GC risk of the non-cardia region and intestinal type, possibly due to its association with iron overload although a role for other mechanisms cannot be entirely ruled out.

  • 13. Ahlborg, Liv
    et al.
    Hedman, Leif
    Nisell, Henry
    Felländer-Tsai, Li
    Enochsson, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Advanced Medical Simulation and Training (CAMST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Simulator training and non-technical factors improve laparoscopic performance among OBGYN trainees2013In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6349, E-ISSN 1600-0412, Vol. 92, no 10, p. 1194-1201Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate how simulator training and non-technical factors affect laparoscopic performance among residents in obstetrics and gynecology. DESIGN: In this prospective study, trainees were randomized into three groups. The first group was allocated to proficiency-based training in the LapSimGyn(®) virtual reality simulator. The second group received additional structured mentorship during subsequent laparoscopies. The third group served as control group. At baseline an operation was performed and visuospatial ability, flow and self-efficacy were assessed. All groups subsequently performed three tubal occlusions. Self-efficacy and flow were assessed before and/or after each operation. SETTING: Simulator training was conducted at the Center for Advanced Medical Simulation and Training, Karolinska University Hospital. Sterilizations were performed at each trainee's home clinic. POPULATION: Twenty-eight trainees/residents from 21 hospitals in Sweden were included. METHODS/MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visuospatial ability was tested by the Mental Rotation Test-A. Flow and self-efficacy were assessed by validated scales and questionnaires. Laparoscopic performance was measured as the duration of surgery. Visuospatial ability, self-efficacy and flow were correlated to the laparoscopic performance using Spearman's correlations. Differences between groups were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: No differences across groups were detected at baseline. Self-efficacy scores before and flow scores after the third operation were significantly higher in the trained groups. Duration of surgery was significantly shorter in the trained groups. Flow and self-efficacy correlate positively with laparoscopic performance. CONCLUSIONS: Simulator training and non-technical factors appear to improve the laparoscopic performance among trainees/residents in obstetrics and gynecology.

  • 14.
    Ahlm, Kristin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Forensic Medicine.
    Björnstig, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Öström, Mats
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Alcohol and drugs in fatally and non-fatally injured motor vehicle drivers in northern Sweden2009In: Accident Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 0001-4575, E-ISSN 1879-2057, Vol. 41, no 1, p. 129-136Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alcohol and drugs are important risk factors for traffic injuries, a major health problem worldwide. This prospective study investigated the epidemiology and the presence of alcohol and drugs in fatally and hospitalized non-fatally injured drivers of motor vehicles in northern Sweden. During a 2-year study period, blood from fatally and hospitalized non-fatally injured drivers was tested for alcohol and drugs. The study subjects were recruited from well-defined geographical areas with known demographics. Autopsy reports, medical journals, police reports, and toxicological analyses were evaluated. Of the fatally injured, 38% tested positive for alcohol and of the non-fatally 21% tested positive; 7% and 13%, respectively, tested positive for pharmaceuticals with a warning for impaired driving; 9% and 4%, respectively, tested positive for illicit drugs. The most frequently detected pharmaceuticals were benzodiazepines, opiates, and antidepressants. Tetrahydrocannabinol was the most frequently detected illicit substance. No fatally injured women had illegal blood alcohol concentration. The relative proportion of positively tested drivers has increased and was higher than in a similar study 14 years earlier. This finding indicates that alcohol and drugs merit more attention in future traffic safety work.

  • 15.
    Ahlm, Kristin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Forensic Medicine.
    Lindqvist, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Clinical Physiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Saveman, Britt-inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Björnstig, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Suicidal drowning deaths in Northern Sweden 1992-2009Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 16.
    Ahlm, Kristin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Forensic Medicine.
    Lindqvist, Per
    Division of Social and Forensic Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
    Saveman, Britt-inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Björnstig, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Suicidal drowning deaths in northern Sweden 1992-2009: the role of mental disorder and intoxication2015In: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, ISSN 1752-928X, E-ISSN 1878-7487, Vol. 34, p. 168-172Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Suicides by drowning have received limited attention by researchers. A recent finding that almost onethird of all drowning deaths in Sweden were classified as suicide instigated this study. We identified 129 cases of suicide by drowning in Northern Sweden and analyzed the circumstances and the psychiatric history prior to the suicide. Information was obtained from autopsy, police and medical records, as well as from the National Inpatient Register. One-third of the suicide victims had previously attempted suicide and half of the victims had been hospitalized due to mental health problems. One-third of these had left the hospital less than one week before the suicide. Alcohol and psychoactive drugs were present in 16% and 62% of the cases, respectively. A history of mental disorder and previous suicide attempt (s), especially by drowning, is an ominous combination necessitating efficient clinical identification, treatment and follow-up if a complete suicide is to be prevented.

  • 17.
    Ahlm, Kristin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Forensic Medicine.
    Saveman, Britt-Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Björnstig, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Drowning deaths in Sweden with emphasis on the presence of alcohol and drugs: a retrospective study, 1992-20092013In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 13, p. 216-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Drowning deaths constitute a significant proportion of unnatural deaths globally. In Sweden and other high-income countries, drowning deaths have decreased. This study investigates the epidemiology and current trends of unintentional, intentional, and undetermined drowning deaths with emphasis on the presence of alcohol and other drugs.

    Methods: During an 18-years period, 5,125 drowning deaths were autopsied in Sweden. Data on cases including toxicological analysis on alcohol, pharmaceutical drugs, and illicit drugs were obtained from the National Board of Forensic Medicine.

    Results: During the study period, the annual incidence of drowning deaths in Sweden was 3.1/100,000 inhabitants and decreased on average by about 2% each year (p<0.001). The highest incidence was found among males and in middle/older age groups. The incidence increased 3% for each year of age. Children/adolescents (<= 18 years) constituted 5% of all drowning deaths. Of all drowned females in the study, 55% (847/1,547) committed suicide, which was a significantly higher proportion compared with males (21%, 763/3,578) (p<0.001). In total, 38% (1,656/4,377) of tested drowned persons had alcohol in their blood and the mean concentration was 1.8 g/l. In the unintentional drowning group, intentional drowning group, and the undetermined group, the proportion of alcohol positive was 44%, 24%, and 45%, respectively. One or several psychoactive drugs were present in the blood in 40% (1,688/4,181) of all tested persons and in 69% (965/1,394) of tested persons who died from suicidal drowning. The most common drug was benzodiazepines (21%, 891/4,181). Illicit drugs were detected in 10% (82/854) of tested persons.

    Conclusion: Presence of alcohol and drugs were frequent and may have contributed to the drowning deaths. The incidence of drowning deaths significantly decreased during the study period. Males and the middle/older age groups had a higher incidence compared to females and children. Suicidal drowning was common especially among women. Alcohol and drugs are significant contributors in drowning deaths in Sweden and should be considered as part of a comprehensive prevention program.

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  • 18.
    Ahlqvist, Sandra
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Region Västernorrland, Härnösand, Sweden.
    Edling, Axel
    Granlo Health Center, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Alm, Magnus
    Department of Radiology, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Dackhammar, Johan Blixt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Nordin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Cengiz, Yucel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Trocar site hernia after gastric sleeve2022In: Surgical Endoscopy, ISSN 0930-2794, E-ISSN 1432-2218, Vol. 36, no 6, p. 4386-4391Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Laparoscopy is common in abdominal surgery. Trocar site hernia (TSH) is a most likely underestimated complication. Among risk factors, obesity, the use of larger trocars and the umbilical trocar site has been described. In a previous study, CT scan in the prone position was found to be a reliable method for the detection of TSH following gastric bypass (LRYGB). In the present study, our aim was to examine the incidence of TSH after gastric sleeve, and further to investigate the proportion of symptomatic trocar site hernias.

    Methods: Seventy-nine patients subjected to laparoscopic gastric sleeve in 2011–2016 were examined using CT in the prone position upon a ring. Symptoms of TSH were assessed using a digital survey.

    Results: The incidence of trocar site hernia was 17 out of 79 (21.5%), all at the umbilical trocar site. The mean follow-up time was 37 months. There was no significant correlation between patient symptoms and a TSH.

    Conclusions: The incidence of TSH is high after laparoscopic gastric sleeve, a finding in line with several recent studies as well as with our first trial on trocar site hernia after LRYGB. Up to follow-up, none of the patients had been subjected to hernia repair. Although the consequence of a trocar site hernia can be serious, the proportion of symptomatic TSH needs to be more clarified.

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  • 19. Ahmadi, Zainab
    et al.
    Bornefalk-Hermansson, Anna
    Franklin, Karl A
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Midgren, Bengt
    Ekström, Magnus P
    Hypo- and hypercapnia predict mortality in oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based prospective study2014In: Respiratory Research, ISSN 1465-9921, E-ISSN 1465-993X, Vol. 15, no 1, p. 30-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The prognostic role of the arterial blood gas tension of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between PaCO2 and mortality in oxygen-dependent COPD. METHODS: National prospective study of patients starting long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) for COPD in Sweden between October 1, 2005 and June 30, 2009, with all-cause mortality as endpoint. The association between PaCO2 while breathing air, PaCO2 (air), and mortality was estimated using Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, arterial blood gas tension of oxygen (PaO2), World Health Organization performance status, body mass index, comorbidity, and medications. RESULTS: Of 2,249 patients included, 1,129 (50%) died during a median 1.1 years (IQR 0.6-2.0 years) of observation. No patient was lost to follow-up. PaCO2 (air) independently predicted adjusted mortality (p < 0.001). The association with mortality was U-shaped, with the lowest mortality at approximately PaCO2 (air) 6.5 kPa and increased mortality at PaCO2 (air) below 5.0 kPa and above 7.0 kPa. CONCLUSION: In oxygen-dependent COPD, PaCO2 (air) is an independent prognostic factor with a U-shaped association with mortality.

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  • 20.
    Ajiko, Mary Margaret
    et al.
    Surgery, Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kressner, Julia
    Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Matovu, Alphonsus
    Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Surgery, Mubende Regional Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
    Nordin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Department of Surgery, Östersunds Sjukhus, Ostersund, Sweden.
    Wladis, Andreas
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Löfgren, Jenny
    Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Surgical procedures for children in the public healthcare sector: A nationwide, facility-based study in Uganda2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 7, article id e048540Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: This study investigated the surgical services for children at the highest levels of the public healthcare sector in Uganda. The aim was to determine volumes and types of procedure performed and the patients and the human resource involved.

    Design: The study was a facility-based, record review.

    Setting: The study was carried out at the National Referral Hospital, all 14 regional referral hospitals and 14 general hospitals in Uganda, representing the highest levels of hospital in the public healthcare sector.

    Participants: The subjects were children <18 years who underwent major surgery in the study hospitals during 2013 and 2014.

    Results: The study hospitals contribute with an average annual rate of paediatric surgery at 22.0 per 100 000 paediatric population. This is a fraction of the estimated need. Most of the procedures were performed for congenital anomalies (n=3111, 39.4%), inflammation and infection (n=2264, 28.7%) and trauma (n=1210, 15.3%). Specialist surgeons performed 60.3% (n=4758) of the procedures, and anaesthesia was administered by specialist physician anaesthetists in 11.6% (n=917) of the cases.

    Conclusions: A variety of paediatric surgical procedures are performed in a relatively decentralised system throughout Uganda. Task shifting and task sharing of surgery and anaesthesia are widespread: a large proportion of surgical procedures was carried out by non-specialist physicians, with anaesthesia mostly delivered by non-physician anaesthetists. Reinforcing the capacity and promoting the expansion of the health facilities studied, in particular the general hospitals and regional referral hospitals, could help reduce the immense unmet need for surgical services for children in Uganda.

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  • 21.
    Ajiko, Mary Margaret
    et al.
    Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden; Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, Box 289, Soroti, Uganda.
    Weidman, Viking
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Nordin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Wladis, Andreas
    Löfgren, Jenny
    Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.
    Prevalence of Paediatric Surgical Conditions in Eastern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study2022In: World Journal of Surgery, ISSN 0364-2313, E-ISSN 1432-2323, Vol. 46, p. 701-708Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The role of surgery in global health has gained greater attention in recent years. Approximately 1.8 billion children below 15 years live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Many surgical conditions affect children. Therefore, paediatric surgery requires specific emphasis. Left unattended, the consequences can be dire. Despite this, there is a paucity of data regarding prevalence of surgical conditions in children in LMIC. The present objective was to investigate the prevalence of paediatric surgical conditions in children in a defined geographical area in Eastern Uganda.

    Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance Site located in Eastern Uganda. Through a two-stage, cluster-based sampling process, 490 households from 49 villages were randomly selected, generating a study population of 1581 children. The children’s caregivers were interviewed, and the children were physically examined by two medical doctors to identify any surgical conditions.

    Results: The interview was performed with 1581 children, and 1054 were physically examined. Among these, the overall prevalence of any surgical condition was 16.0 per cent (n = 169). Of these, 39 per cent had an unmet surgical need (66 of 169). This is equivalent to a 6.3 per cent prevalence of current unmet surgical need. The most common groups of surgical condition were congenital anomalies and trauma-related conditions.

    Conclusion: Surgical conditions in children are common in eastern Uganda. The unmet need for surgery is high. With a growing population, the need for paediatric surgical capacity will increase even further. The health care system must be reinforced to provide services for children with surgical conditions if United Nations Sustainability Development Goal 3 is to be achieved by 2030.

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  • 22.
    Albertsson, Pontus
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Björnstig, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    The Haddon matrix, a tool for investigating severe bus and coach crashes2003In: International Journal of Disaster Medicine, ISSN 1503-1438, E-ISSN 1755-4713, Vol. 1, no 2, p. 109-119Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim of the study was to use the Haddon matrix to analyse crash and injury mechanisms in a severe coach crash, to investigate if a safety belt would have reduced injuries, and highlight the triage problem in a mass casualty situation during severe circumstances. Methods: A specific coach crash was chosen as the subject for the case study. All 34 occupants on board were interviewed about the crash, their injuries, and how they sustained their injuries. Medical records concerning ambulance and hospital treatment have been examined. Police reports and other documents concerning the vehicle, weather conditions and the road have been examined. The materials were structured in different cells according to Haddon's matrix. Results: The coach went off a road via a guard-rail and landed on the right side, in a 90° position right across a small river. The main reason for the coach to deviate from the road was strong and gusty side winds imposing lateral forces on the coach, making steering impossible. The impact from the crash was greatest in the front part of the coach, as this part fell 3 metres from the bridge guard-rail down to the river bank. The most frequent injury mechanism was that occupants were hit by other falling occupants. Most occupants would have benefited from having worn seat belts. Ten ambulances and one helicopter from different locations were called upon and the first ambulance arrived 30 minutes after the alarm (a 67-km drive). The helicopter, with an anaesthetist on board, arrived after 1 hour and 20 minutes (a 120-km flight). Nine occupants with moderate injuries and 10 seriously or severely injured occupants were transported by ambulance or helicopter to the hospital. Fifteen occupants, triaged as priority 3, were transported by a chartered coach to hospital where they arrived after about 3 hours. Conclusion: If 100% of the occupants had used a two-point belt, about two-thirds of the injured occupants with MAIS 2+ injuries would have sustained an injury reduction. A further injury reduction by roughly 20% could have been achieved by shifting from two-point belts to three-point belts. Triage of injured occupants could be different from normal practice because of the limited space inside a coach, and the use of ordinary equipment is not always possible inside a crashed vehicle. The fact that most of the side windows remained in position after the crash probably prevented many occupants from serious and fatal injuries caused by ejection or partial ejection.

  • 23.
    Albertsson, Pontus
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Björnstig, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Petzäll, J
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Falkmer, T
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Näsman, Y
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Utrymningsförsök av passagerare ur buss vid brand och brandtillbud samt antalet bränder och brandtillbud i bussar i Sverige.2006In: Scand J Trauma Rescue Emerg Med, Vol. 14, p. 85-91Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Albertsson, Pontus
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    Is there a pattern in European bus and coach incidents?: A literature analysis with special focus on injury causation and injury mechanisms2005In: Accident Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 0001-4575, E-ISSN 1879-2057, Vol. 37, no 2, p. 225-233Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In order to identify and describe a pattern in bus and coach incident related injuries and fatalities, and to suggest possible future measures for improvement of bus and coach safety, a literature analysis was performed. The results formed a multi-faceted pattern, which briefly can be described as follows; women travelled more frequently by bus as compared to men. Injuries sustained predominantly affected women 60 years of age and older. Of all traffic fatalities in Europe, bus and coach fatalities represented 0.3-0.5%. In the OECD countries, the risk of being killed or seriously injured was found to be seven to nine times lower for bus and coach occupants as compared to those of car occupants. Despite the fact that fatalities were more frequent on rural roads, a vast majority of all bus and coach casualties occurred on urban roads and in dry weather conditions. Boarding and alighting caused about one-third of all injury cases. Collisions were a major injury-contributing factor. Buses and coaches most frequently collided with cars, but unprotected road users were hit in about one-third of all cases of a collision, the point of impact on the bus or the coach being typically frontal or side. Rollovers occurred in almost all cases of severe coach crashes. In this type of crash projection, total ejection, partial ejection, intrusion and smoke inhalation were the main injury mechanisms and among those, ejection being the most dangerous. A 2-point belt may prevent passenger ejection, but in frontal crashes when the upper abdominal parts and the head hit the seatback in front, it could, however, contribute to head and thoracic injuries. Hence, a 3-point belt provides the best restraint in rollovers and frontal crashes.

  • 25.
    Albertsson, Pontus
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    Kirk, A
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Mayrhofer, E
    Björnstig, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Case study: 128 injured in rollover coach crashes in Sweden - injury outcome, mechanisms and possible effects of seat belts.2006In: Safety Science, ISSN 0925-7535, E-ISSN 1879-1042, Vol. 44, no 2, p. 87-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The risk for injuries in rollover coach crashes are dependent on whether the occupants are belted or not. However, the influence of the different belt systems for reducing injuries has remained unclear. Since many injuries sustained are caused by impacts with the interior, passenger interactions or ejection through a window, the advantages by proper seat belt systems are evident. In this study, representing the most common serious crash scenario for serious injury, 128 injured in rollover cases were analysed with regard to the injury outcome, mechanisms and the possible injury reduction for occupants when using a safety belt. Furthermore, the different belt systems were compared to explain their contribution to increased safety. Based on medical reports and questioning of the passengers, the injuries sustained are recorded according to the AIS classification. The next step was the identification of the injury mechanisms, using the passenger statements as well as results from numerical occupant simulations. It is important to mention that this study was purely focused on detection of the injury mechanism to avoid the reported injuries. The possibility of additional injuries due to the wearing of a belt were not taken into account. However, the analysis of the 128 injured showed a considerable increase in safety for belted occupants through limiting interior contacts, minimising passenger interaction and reducing the possibility of ejection.

  • 26.
    Albertsson, Pontus
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Sundström, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science, Departement of Educational Measurement.
    Evaluation of Insight Training of Ambulance Drivers in Sweden Using DART: a New E-learning Tool2011In: Traffic Injury Prevention, ISSN 1538-9588, E-ISSN 1538-957X, Vol. 12, no 6, p. 621-629Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether a new e-learning tool for insight training of ambulance drivers can have an effect on drivers’ driving behaviors, perceived driving competence, competence to assess risks, self-reflection, and safety attitudes.

    Methods: A quasi-experimental study design, with participants nonrandomly assigned into a control and intervention group, was used. The intervention group participated in the insight-training course and the control group did not. Both groups completed a self- and peer assessment online questionnaire before and after the training.

    Results: The main finding is that the ambulance drivers assessed themselves through the instruments after the training, with the e-learning tool Driver Access Recording Tool (DART), as safer drivers in the areas of speed adaptation, closing up, and overtaking. In the answers from the group-based evaluation, the ambulance drivers responded that they were more reflective/analytical, had increased their risk awareness, and had changed their driving behaviors.

    Conclusions: After insight training, the ambulance drivers in this study assessed themselves as safer drivers in several important areas, including speed adaptation, closing up, and overtaking. In future training of ambulance drivers there should be more focus on insight training instead of previous training focusing on maneuvering capabilities.

  • 27. Aleksandrova, Krasimira
    et al.
    Bamia, Christina
    Drogan, Dagmar
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Jenab, Mazda
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Pischon, Tobias
    Tsilidis, Kostas
    Overvad, Kim
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Bouton-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Dossus, Laure
    Racine, Antoine
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Kuehn, Tilman
    Tsironis, Christos
    Papatesta, Eleni-Maria
    Saitakis, George
    Palli, Domenico
    Panico, Salvatore
    Grioni, Sara
    Tumino, Rosario
    Vineis, Paolo
    Peeters, Petra H.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Lukic, Marko
    Braaten, Tonje
    Ramon Quiros, J.
    Lujan-Barroso, Leila
    Sanchez, Mara-Jose
    Chilarque, Maria-Dolores
    Ardanas, Eva
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University.
    Sund, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Wallström, Peter
    Ohlsson, Bodil
    Bradbury, Kathryn E.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Stepien, Magdalena
    Duarte-Salles, Talita
    Assi, Nada
    Murphy, Neil
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Riboli, Elio
    Boeing, Heiner
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    The association of coffee intake with liver cancer risk is mediated by biomarkers of inflammation and hepatocellular injury: data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition2015In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 102, no 6, p. 1498-1508Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Higher coffee intake has been purportedly related to a lower risk of liver cancer. However, it remains unclear whether this association may be accounted for by specific biological mechanisms. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the potential mediating roles of inflammatory, metabolic, liver injury, and iron metabolism biomarkers on the association between coffee intake and the primary form of liver cancer-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Design: We conducted a prospective nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition among 125 incident HCC cases matched to 250 controls using an incidence-density sampling procedure. The association of coffee intake with HCC risk was evaluated by using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression that accounted for smoking, alcohol consumption, hepatitis infection, and other established liver cancer risk factors. The mediating effects of 21 biomarkers were evaluated on the basis of percentage changes and associated 95% CIs in the estimated regression coefficients of models with and without adjustment for biomarkers individually and in combination. Results: The multivariable-adjusted RR of having >= 4 cups (600mL) coffee/d compared with <2 cups (300 mL)/d was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.62; P-trend = 0.006). A statistically significant attenuation of the association between coffee intake and HCC risk and thereby suspected mediation was confirmed for the inflammatory biomarker IL-6 and for the biomarkers of hepatocellular injury glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and total bilirubin, which-in combination-attenuated the regression coefficients by 72% (95% CI: 7%, 239%). Of the investigated biomarkers, IL-6, AST, and GGT produced the highest change in the regression coefficients: 40%, 56%, and 60%, respectively. Conclusion: These data suggest that the inverse association of coffee intake with HCC risk was partly accounted for by biomarkers of inflammation and hepatocellular injury.

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  • 28. Aleksandrova, Krasimira
    et al.
    Boeing, Heiner
    Nöthlings, Ute
    Jenab, Mazda
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Lukanova-McGregor, Annekatrin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology. Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Boffetta, Paolo
    Trepo, Elisabeth
    Westhpal, Sabine
    Duarte-Salles, Talita
    Stepien, Magdalena
    Overvad, Kim
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Halkjær, Jytte
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Dossus, Laure
    Racine, Antoine
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Bamia, Christina
    Benetou, Vassiliki
    Agnoli, Claudia
    Palli, Domenico
    Panico, Salvatore
    Tumino, Rosario
    Vineis, Paolo
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
    Peeters, Petra H
    Gram, Inger Torhild
    Lund, Eiliv
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Quirós, J Ramón
    Agudo, Antonio
    Sánchez, María-José
    Gavrila, Diana
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Ohlsson, Bodil
    Lindkvist, Björn
    Johansson, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Sund, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nicholas
    Travis, Ruth C
    Riboli, Elio
    Pischon, Tobias
    Inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers and risk of liver and bilary tract cancer2014In: Hepatology, ISSN 0270-9139, E-ISSN 1527-3350, Vol. 60, no 3, p. 858-871Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Obesity and associated metabolic disorders have been implicated in liver carcinogenesis; however there is little data on the role of obesity-related biomarkers on liver cancer risk. We studied prospectively the association of inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers with risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intra-hepatic bile duct (IBD) and gallbladder and bilary tract cancers outside of the liver (GBTC) in a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Over an average of 7.7 years, 296 participants developed HCC (n=125), GBTC (n=137) or IBD (n=34). Using risk set sampling, controls were selected in a 2:1 ratio and matched for recruitment center, age, sex, fasting status, time of blood collection. Baseline serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-peptide, total, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin, fetuin-a, and glutamatdehydrogenase (GLDH) were measured and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI-s) estimated using conditional logistic regression. After adjustment for lifestyle factors, diabetes, hepatitis infection and adiposity measures, higher concentrations of CRP, IL-6, C-peptide and non-HMW adiponectin were associated with higher risk of HCC (IRR per doubling of concentrations = 1.22; 95%CI = 1.02-1.46, P=0.03; 1.90; 95%CI = 1.30-2.77, P=0.001; 2.25; 95%CI = 1.43-3.54, P=0.0005 and 2.09; 95%CI = 1.19-3.67, P=0.01, respectively). CRP was associated also with risk of GBTC (IRR = 1.22; 95%CI = 1.05-1.42, P=0.01). GLDH was associated with risks of HCC (IRR = 1.62; 95%CI = 1.25-2.11, P=0.0003) and IBD (IRR = 10.5; 95%CI = 2.20-50.90, P=0.003). The continuous net reclassification index was 0.63 for CRP, IL-6, C-peptide and non-HMW adiponectin, and 0.46 for GLDH indicating good predictive ability of these biomarkers. Conclusion: Elevated levels of biomarkers of inflammation and hyperinsulinemia are associated with a higher risk of HCC, independent of obesity and established liver cancer risk factors.

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  • 29.
    Almkvist, Gustav
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Glasskador i ansikte och ögon vid älgolyckor med bil2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 30.
    Almkvist, Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Agreement between LARS and Wexner score Two fecal incontinence scoring systems2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 31.
    Almkvist, Louise
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Gunnarsson, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences.
    Strigård, Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences.
    Improved assessment of fecal incontinence in women with previous obstetric injury combining Low Anterior Resection Syndrome and Wexner scores2023In: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, ISSN 0020-7292, E-ISSN 1879-3479, Vol. 161, no 3, p. 839-846Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess whether Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) score could provide additional unique information to the Wexner score when assessing fecal incontinence (FI) in women with previous obstetric injury, thus providing a better foundation for treatment decisions.

    Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study with intraindividual comparison of two scoring systems. Women with previous obstetric injury and diagnosed with FI between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, with valid LARS and Wexner scores were included. Statistical methods used were Spearman rank correlation, Kendall τ, scatterplot, and ratios.

    Results: Seventy women were included. Correlation coefficients varied from 0.42 to 0.66 (Spearman rank correlation) and 0.44 to 0.51 (Kendall τ). Cohen κ values varied from 0.33 to 0.67. No strong association was seen in the correlation analyses or the scatterplot.

    Conclusion: LARS score was shown to provide extra relevant information when assessing FI in women with previous obstetric injury. All symptoms should be considered relevant when assessing FI since it is a complex condition and should be approached accordingly. The authors suggest a combination of LARS and Wexner scores when assessing FI among women with previous obstetric injury.

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  • 32.
    Almkvist, Louise
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Gunnarsson, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Strigård, Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Response: improved assessment of fecal incontinence in women with previous obstetric injury combining low anterior resection syndrome and wexner scores2023In: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, ISSN 0020-7292, E-ISSN 1879-3479, Vol. 163, no 3, p. 1057-1058Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 33.
    Alpstål, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Gallium-Dotatoc-PET in GEP-NET and its correlation to hormonal biomarkers2019Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 34.
    Aléx, Jonas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing. Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University.
    Karlsson, Stig
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Björnstig, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Saveman, Britt-Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing. Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University. Center for Disaster Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Effect evaluation of a heated ambulance mattress-prototype on thermal comfort and patients' temperatures in prehospital emergency care - an intervention study2015In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health, ISSN 1239-9736, E-ISSN 2242-3982, Vol. 74, article id 28878Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The ambulance milieu does not offer good thermal comfort to patients during the cold Swedish winters. Patients' exposure to cold temperatures combined with a cold ambulance mattress seems to be the major factor leading to an overall sensation of discomfort. There is little research on the effect of active heat delivered from underneath in ambulance care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an electrically heated ambulance mattress-prototype on thermal comfort and patients' temperatures in the prehospital emergency care.

    METHODS: A quantitative intervention study on ambulance care was conducted in the north of Sweden. The ambulance used for the intervention group (n=30) was equipped with an electrically heated mattress on the regular ambulance stretcher whereas for the control group (n=30) no active heat was provided on the stretcher. Outcome variables were measured as thermal comfort on the Cold Discomfort Scale (CDS), subjective comments on cold experiences, and finger, ear and air temperatures.

    RESULTS: Thermal comfort, measured by CDS, improved during the ambulance transport to the emergency department in the intervention group (p=0.001) but decreased in the control group (p=0.014). A significant higher proportion (57%) of the control group rated the stretcher as cold to lie down compared to the intervention group (3%, p<0.001). At arrival, finger, ear and compartment air temperature showed no statistical significant difference between groups. Mean transport time was approximately 15 minutes.

    CONCLUSIONS: The use of active heat from underneath increases the patients' thermal comfort and may prevent the negative consequences of cold stress.

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  • 35.
    Aléx, Jonas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Lundgren, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Henriksson, Otto
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Saveman, Britt-Inger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Being cold when injured in a cold environment: patients' experiences2013In: International Emergency Nursing, ISSN 1755-599X, E-ISSN 1878-013X, Vol. 21, no 1, p. 42-49Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Patients in prehospital care, irrespective of diseases or trauma might experience thermal discomfort because of a cold environment and are at risk for decreasing body temperature which can increase both morbidity and mortality.

    Objective: To explore patients' experiences of being cold when injured in a cold environment.

    Method: Twenty persons who had been injured in a cold environment in northern Sweden were interviewed. Active heat supply was given to 13 of them and seven had passive heat supply. The participants were asked to narrate their individual experience of cold and the pre- and post-injury event, until arrival at the emergency department. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, then analyzed with qualitative content analysis.

    Results: Patients described that they suffered more from the cold than because of the pain from the injury. Patients who received active heat supply experienced it in a positive way. Two categories were formulated: Enduring suffering and Relief of suffering.

    Conclusion: Thermal discomfort became the largest problem independent of the severity of the injuries. We recommend the use of active heat supply to reduce the negative experiences of thermal discomfort when a person is injured in a cold environment.

  • 36.
    Amin, Leila
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Skoglund, Charlotte
    Wester, Tomas
    Löf Granström, Anna
    Swedish national population-based study shows an increased risk of depression among patients with Hirschsprung disease2019In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 108, no 10, p. 1867-1870Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Hirschsprung disease is usually treated during infancy. The long-term impact on mental health has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to assess the risk for depressive disorders in individuals with Hirschsprung disease.

    Methods: This was a nationwide, population-based cohort study. The study exposure was Hirschsprung disease and the study outcome was depression. The exposed cohort included all individuals with Hirschsprung disease, registered in the Swedish National Patient Register between 1964 and 2013 and the unexposed cohort included ten age- and sex-matched controls per patient. The diagnosis of depression was confirmed by diagnosis in the Swedish National Patient Register.

    Results: The cohort included 739 (76.5% males) individuals with Hirschsprung disease and 7390 (76.5% males) controls. Among the patients with Hirschsprung disease, 35 (4.7%) of the patients had had a depressive disorder and 187 (2.5%) of controls, hazard ratio 1.98, 95% confidence interval 1.38-2.84. The mean age at diagnosis of first depression was 21.9 years (SD +/- 7) in Hirschsprung disease patients and 23.4 years (SD +/- 7), p = 0.236 in the unexposed group. There were no significant gender differences.

    Conclusion: We found an increased risk of having depressive disorders among individuals with Hirschsprung disease compared to controls.

  • 37. Aminoff, Hedvig
    et al.
    Meijer, Sebastiaan
    Arnelo, Urban
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Frennert, Susanne
    Telemedicine for Remote Surgical Guidance in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: Mixed Methods Study of Practitioner Attitudes2021In: JMIR Formative Research, E-ISSN 2561-326X, Vol. 5, no 1, article id e20692Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Telemedicine innovations are rarely adopted into routine health care, the reasons for which are not well understood. Teleguidance, a promising service for remote surgical guidance during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was due to be scaled up, but there were concerns that user attitudes might influence adoption.

    OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to gain a deeper understanding of ERCP practitioners' attitudes toward teleguidance. These findings could inform the implementation process and future evaluations.

    METHODS: We conducted semistructured interviews with ERCP staff about challenges during work and beliefs about teleguidance. Theoretical constructs from the technology acceptance model (TAM) guided the thematic analysis. Our findings became input to a 16-item questionnaire, investigating surgeons' beliefs about teleguidance's contribution to performance and factors that might interact with implementation.

    RESULTS: Results from 20 interviews with ERCP staff from 5 hospitals were used to adapt a TAM questionnaire, exchanging the standard "Ease of Use" items for "Compatibility and Implementation Climate." In total, 23 ERCP specialists from 15 ERCP clinics responded to the questionnaire: 9 novices (<500 ERCP procedures) and 14 experts (>500 ERCP procedures). The average agreement ratings for usefulness items were 64% (~9/14) among experts and 75% (~7/9) among novices. The average agreement ratings for compatibility items were somewhat lower (experts 64% [~9/14], novices 69% [~6/9]). The averages have been calculated from the sum of several items and therefore, they only approximate the actual values. While 11 of the 14 experts (79%) and 8 of the 9 novices (89%) agreed that teleguidance could improve overall quality and patient safety during ERCP procedures, only 8 of the 14 experts (57%) and 6 of the 9 novices (67%) agreed that teleguidance would not create new patient safety risks. Only 5 of the 14 experts (36%) and 3 of the 9 novices (33%) were convinced that video and image transmission would function well. Similarly, only 6 of the 14 experts (43%) and 6 of the 9 novices (67%) agreed that administration would work smoothly. There were no statistically significant differences between the experts and novices on any of the 16 items (P<.05).

    CONCLUSIONS: Both novices and experts in ERCP procedures had concerns that teleguidance might disrupt existing work practices. However, novices were generally more positive toward teleguidance than experts, especially with regard to the possibility of developing technical skills and work practices. While newly trained specialists were the main target for teleguidance, the experts were also intended users. As experts are more likely to be key decision makers, their attitudes may have a greater relative impact on adoption. We present suggestions to address these concerns. We conclude that using the TAM as a conceptual framework can support user-centered inquiry into telemedicine design and implementation by connecting qualitative findings to well-known analytical themes.

  • 38.
    Aminoff, Hedvig
    et al.
    Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Meijer, Sebastiaan
    Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Arnelo, Urban
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Groth, Kristina
    Innovation Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Modeling the implementation context of a telemedicine service: Work domain analysis in a surgical setting2021In: JMIR Formative Research, E-ISSN 2561-326X, Vol. 5, no 6, article id e26505Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: A telemedicine service enabling remote surgical consultation had shown promising results. When the service was to be scaled up, it was unclear how contextual variations among different clinical sites could affect the clinical outcomes and implementation of the service. It is generally recognized that contextual factors and work system complexities affect the implementation and outcomes of telemedicine. However, it is methodologically challenging to account for context in complex health care settings. We conducted a work domain analysis (WDA), an engineering method for modeling and analyzing complex work environments, to investigate and represent contextual influences when a telemedicine service was to be scaled up to multiple hospitals.

    Objective: We wanted to systematically characterize the implementation contexts at the clinics participating in the scale-up process. Conducting a WDA would allow us to identify, in a systematic manner, the functional constraints that shape clinical work at the implementation sites and set the sites apart. The findings could then be valuable for informed implementation and assessment of the telemedicine service.

    Methods: We conducted observations and semistructured interviews with a variety of stakeholders. Thematic analysis was guided by concepts derived from the WDA framework. We identified objects, functions, priorities, and values that shape clinical procedures. An iterative “discovery and modeling” approach allowed us to first focus on one clinic and then readjust the scope as our understanding of the work systems deepened.

    Results: We characterized three sets of constraints (ie, facets) in the domain: the treatment facet, administrative facet (providing resources for procedures), and development facet (training, quality improvement, and research). The constraints included medical equipment affecting treatment options; administrative processes affecting access to staff and facilities; values and priorities affecting assessments during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; and resources for conducting the procedure.

    Conclusions: The surgical work system is embedded in multiple sets of constraints that can be modeled as facets of the system. We found variations between the implementation sites that might interact negatively with the telemedicine service. However, there may be enough motivation and resources to overcome these initial disruptions given that values and priorities are shared across the sites. Contrasting the development facets at different sites highlighted the differences in resources for training and research. In some cases, this could indicate a risk that organizational demands for efficiency and effectiveness might be prioritized over the long-term outcomes provided by the telemedicine service, or a reduced willingness or ability to accept a service that is not yet fully developed or adapted. WDA proved effective in representing and analyzing these complex clinical contexts in the face of technological change. The models serve as examples of how to analyze and represent a complex sociotechnical context during telemedicine design, implementation, and assessment.

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  • 39.
    Aminoff, Hedvig
    et al.
    Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Meijer, Sebastiaan
    Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Groth, Kristina
    The Center for Innovation, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Arnelo, Urban
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. CLINTEC Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    User Experience in Remote Surgical Consultation: Survey Study of User Acceptance and Satisfaction in Real-Time Use of a Telemedicine Service2021In: JMIR Human Factors, E-ISSN 2292-9495, Vol. 8, no 4, article id e30867Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:Teleguidance, a promising telemedicine service for intraoperative surgical consultation, was planned to scale up at a major academic hospital in partnership with 5 other hospitals. If the service was adopted and used over time, it was expected to provide educational benefits and improve clinical outcomes during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which is a technically advanced procedure for biliary and pancreatic disease. However, it is known that seemingly successful innovations can play out differently in new settings, which might cause variability in clinical outcomes. In addition, few telemedicine services survive long enough to deliver system-level outcomes, the causes of which are not well understood.

    Objective:We were interested in factors related to usability and user experience of the telemedicine service, which might affect adoption. Therefore, we investigated perceptions and responses to the use and anticipated use of a system. Technology acceptance, a construct referring to how users perceive a technology’s usefulness, is commonly considered to indicate whether a new technology will actually be used in a real-life setting. Satisfaction measures were used to investigate whether user expectations and needs have been met through the use of technology. In this study, we asked surgeons to rate the perceived usefulness of teleguidance, and their satisfaction with the telemedicine service in direct conjunction with real-time use during clinical procedures.

    Methods:We designed domain-specific measures for perceived usefulness and satisfaction, based on performance and outcome measures for the clinical procedure. Surgeons were asked to rate their user experience with the telemedicine service in direct conjunction with real-time use during clinical procedures.

    Results:In total, 142 remote intraoperative consultations were conducted during ERCP procedures at 5 hospitals. The demand for teleguidance was more pronounced in cases with higher complexity. Operating surgeons rated teleguidance to have contributed to performance and outcomes to a moderate or large extent in 111 of 140 (79.3%) cases. Specific examples were that teleguidance was rated as having contributed to intervention success and avoiding a repeated ERCP in 23 cases, avoiding 3 PTC, and 11 referrals, and in 11 cases, combinations of these outcomes. Preprocedure beliefs about the usefulness of teleguidance were generally lower than postprocedure satisfaction ratings. The usefulness of teleguidance was mainly experienced through practical advice from the consulting specialist (119/140, 85%) and support with assessment and decision-making (122/140, 87%).

    Conclusions:Users’ satisfaction with teleguidance surpassed their initial expectations, mainly through contribution to nontechnical aspects of performance, and through help with general assessment. Teleguidance shows the potential to improve performance and outcomes during ERCP. However, it takes hands-on experience for practitioners to understand how the new telemedicine service contributes to performance and outcomes.

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  • 40.
    Andersson, Andreas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Betydelsen av sjukhustyp och region för tidpunkten av kolecystektomi i Sverige2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 41.
    Andersson, Magnus
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Domellöf, Lennart
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Häggmark, Sören
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Johansson, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Reiz, Sebastian
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Gustavsson, Bengt
    Cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and pharmacokinetics after hepatic intraarterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)1988In: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, ISSN 0344-5704, E-ISSN 1432-0843, Vol. 22, no 3, p. 251-255Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 42.
    Andersson, Magnus N.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Sund, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Svensson, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Björkgren, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Wiberg, Rebecca
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Anatomy. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Hand Surgery.
    Prophylactic mastectomy – Correlation between skin flap thickness and residual glandular tissue evaluated postoperatively by imaging2022In: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, ISSN 1748-6815, E-ISSN 1878-0539, Vol. 75, no 6, p. 1813-1819Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Women with an increased hereditary risk of breast cancer can undergo risk-reducing prophylactic mastectomy. However, there is a balance between how much subcutaneous tissue should be resected to achieve maximal reduction of glandular tissue, while leaving viable skin flaps.

    Methods: Forty-five women previously operated with prophylactic mastectomy underwent magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) and ultrasound (US) to investigate the correlation between skin flap thickness and residual glandular tissue. Residual glandular tissue was documented as being present or not present, but not quantified, as the amount of residual glandular tissue in many cases was considered too small to make reliable volume quantifications with available tools. Since a mastectomy skin flap thickness of 5 mm is discussed as an oncologically safe thickness in the literature, this was used as a cut-off.

    Results: Following prophylactic mastectomy, residual glandular tissue was detected in 39.3% of all breasts and 27.9% of all the breast quadrants examined by MRT, and 44.1% of all breasts and 21.7% of all the breast quadrants examined by US. Residual glandular tissue was detected in 6.9% of the quadrants in skin flaps ≤ 5 mm and in 37.5% of the quadrants in skin flaps > 5 mm (OR 3.07; CI = 1.41–6.67; p = 0.005). Furthermore, residual glandular tissue increased significantly already when the skin flap thickness exceeded 7 mm.

    Conclusions: This study highlights that complete removal of glandular breast tissue during a mastectomy is difficult and suggests that this is an unattainable goal. We demonstrate that residual glandular tissue is significantly higher in skin flaps > 5 mm in comparison to skin flaps ≤ 5 mm, and that residual glandular tissue increases significantly already when the flap thickness exceeds 7 mm.

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  • 43. Andersson, Roland
    et al.
    Hellman, Per
    Johansson, Jan
    Lagergren, Jesper
    Martling, Anna
    Naredi, Peter
    Nilsson, Magnus
    Sund, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Selektiv nivåstrukturering av svensk kirurgi behövs2018In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 115, article id E76EArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 44. Andreasson, Anna
    et al.
    Talley, Nicholas J.
    Walker, Marjorie M.
    Jones, Michael P.
    Platts, Loretta G.
    Wallner, Bengt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Kjellstrom, Lars
    Hellstrom, Per M.
    Forsberg, Anna
    Agreus, Lars
    An Increasing Incidence of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders Over 23 Years: A Prospective Population-Based Study in Sweden2021In: American Journal of Gastroenterology, ISSN 0002-9270, E-ISSN 1572-0241, Vol. 116, no 1, p. 210-213Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: We hypothesized that the prevalence of functional dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease in the community may be increasing. METHODS: Randomly selected adults were surveyed on 4 occasions: 1988 (n = 1,151, 21-79 years, response rate [rr] = 90%), 1989 (n = 1,097, 22-80 years, rr = 87%), 1995 (n = 1,139, 20-85 years, rr = 76%), and 2011 (n = 1,175, 20-93 years, rr = 63%). RESULTS: In functional dyspepsia, the odds of postprandial distress syndrome tripled over 23 years' follow-up (odds ratio [OR]: 3.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.60-4.84, mixed-effect regression analysis), whereas a small decrease in epigastric pain syndrome was observed (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.42-1.00). The odds of reporting gastroesophageal reflux disease doubled (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.50-2.73). DISCUSSION: The underlying mechanisms behind the increase in postprandial distress syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease remain to be determined.

  • 45.
    Andresen, Kristoffer
    et al.
    Center for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev Hospital, Denmark.
    Kroon, Lovisa
    Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Henrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Öberg, Stina
    Center for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev Hospital, Denmark.
    Rosenberg, Jacob
    Center for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev Hospital, Denmark.
    Nordin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    de la Croix, Hanna
    Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra Hospital, Department of Surgery, Sweden.
    Collaboration between the Danish and Swedish hernia registers – a study protocol2022In: Danish Medical Journal, E-ISSN 2245-1919, Vol. 69, no 12, article id A06220408Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    NTRODUCTION: The most common laparo-endoscopic groin hernia repair techniques are TEP (total extraperitoneal) and TAPP (transabdominal preperitoneal) repair. Despite geographic proximity, Swedish surgeons distinctively favour TEP, whereas Danish surgeons prefer TAPP. The aim of this study is to analyse the risk of reoperation for recurrence after TAPP, TEP and Lichtenstein repair using data from two nationwide registers. We also aim to discuss advantages of international collaboration between nationwide registers.

    METHODS: All groin hernia operations registered as TEP, TAPP or Lichtenstein repair in the Swedish Hernia Register and the Danish Hernia Database between January 2004 and December 2020 will be included. Cumulative hazard rate of reoperation for recurrence will be estimated using Cox-regression analyses adjusted for age and anatomy.

    CONCLUSION: Approximately 400,000 operations are estimated to have been registered prospectively in the inclusion period in the registers. The merging of two nationwide registers was made possible owing to close cooperation between the register steering committees and by obtaining the necessary approvals. This unique collaboration between nationwide registers will make it possible to compare the risk of reoperation for recurrence after TAPP, TEP and Lichtenstein repair on an international level. In future, similar collaboration may be established to explore other outcomes such as complication rates and chronic pain.

  • 46.
    Angelsten, Jakob
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Predictive Factors for Recurrence Treatment in Papillary Thyroid Cancer - Pilot study at Östersund Hospital2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 47. Antona-Makoshi, Jacobo
    et al.
    Mikami, Koji
    Lindkvist, Mats
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Davidsson, Johan
    Schick, Sylvia
    Accident analysis to support the development of strategies for the prevention of brain injuries in car crashes2018In: Accident Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 0001-4575, E-ISSN 1879-2057, Vol. 117, p. 98-105Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    2+ injuries. Belted occupants were at lower risks than unbelted occupants for most brain injury categories, including concussions. After controlling for the effects of age and crash severity, belted female occupants involved in frontal crashes were estimated to be 1.5 times more likely to sustain a concussion than male occupants in similar conditions. Belted elderly occupants were found to be at 10.5 and 8 times higher risks for sub-dural haemorrhages than non-elderly belted occupants in frontal and side crashes, respectively. Adopted occupant protection strategies appear to be insufficient to achieve significant decreases in risk of both life-threatening brain injuries and concussions for all car occupants. Further effort to develop occupant and injury specific strategies for the prevention of brain injuries are needed. This study suggests that these strategies may consider prioritization of life-threatening brain vasculature injuries, particularly in elderly occupants, and concussion injuries, particularly in female occupants.

  • 48.
    Antoniou, George A.
    et al.
    Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK .
    Bastos Gonçalves, Frederico
    Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portuga.
    Björck, Martin
    Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Chakfé, Nabil
    Groupe Européen de Recherche sur les Prothèses Appliquées à la Chirurgie Vasculaire, Strasbourg, France; Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Strasbourg, France.
    Coscas, Raphaël
    Department of Vascular Surgery, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France-Ouest, UFR des sciences de la santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
    Dias, Nuno V.
    Vascular Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    Dick, Florian
    Department of Vascular Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
    Kakkos, Stavros K.
    Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece.
    Mees, Barend M.E.
    Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
    Resch, Timothy
    Department of Vascular Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital- Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Trimarchi, Santi
    Vascular Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
    Tulamo, Riikka
    Department of Vascular Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Twine, Chris P.
    Department of Vascular Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, UK, Bristol, United Kingdom; Centre for Surgical Research, University of Bristol, UK, Bristol, United Kingdom.
    Vermassen, Frank
    Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
    Wanhainen, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Kolh, Philippe
    Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium; GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium; Department of Information System Management, University Hospital of Liège, Belgium.
    European society for vascular surgery clinical practice guideline development scheme: an overview of evidence quality assessment methods, evidence to decision frameworks, and reporting standards in guideline development2022In: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, ISSN 1078-5884, E-ISSN 1532-2165, Vol. 63, no 6, p. 791-799Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: A structured and transparent approach is instrumental in translating research evidence to health recommendations and evidence informed clinical decisions. The aim was to conduct an overview and analysis of principles and methodologies for health guideline development.

    Methods: A literature review on methodologies, strategies, and fundamental steps in the process of guideline development was performed. The clinical practice guideline development process and methodology adopted by the European Society for Vascular Surgery are also presented.

    Results: Sophisticated methodologies for health guideline development are being applied increasingly by national and international organisations. Their overarching principle is a systematic, structured, transparent, and iterative process that is aimed at making well informed healthcare choices. Critical steps in guideline development include the assessment of the certainty of the body of evidence; evidence to decision frameworks; and guideline reporting. The goal of strength of evidence assessments is to provide well reasoned judgements about the guideline developers’ confidence in study findings, and several evidence hierarchy schemes and evidence rating systems have been described for this purpose. Evidence to decision frameworks help guideline developers and users conceptualise and interpret the construct of the quality of the body of evidence. The most widely used evidence to decision frameworks are those developed by the GRADE Working Group and the WHO-INTEGRATE, and are structured into three distinct components: background; assessment; and conclusions. Health guideline reporting tools are employed to ensure methodological rigour and transparency in guideline development. Such reporting instruments include the AGREE II and RIGHT, with the former being used for guideline development and appraisal, as well as reporting.

    Conclusion: This guide will help guideline developers/expert panels enhance their methodology, and patients/clinicians/policymakers interpret guideline recommendations and put them in context. This document may be a useful methodological summary for health guideline development by other societies and organisations.

  • 49.
    Appelblad, Micael
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Engström, Karl Gunnar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Fat content in pericardial suction blood and the efficacy of spontaneous density separation and surface adsorption in a prototype system for fat reduction.2007In: Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, ISSN 0022-5223, E-ISSN 1097-685X, Vol. 134, no 2, p. 366-372Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 50.
    Appelgren, Matilda
    et al.
    Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sackey, Helena
    Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Cancer, Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
    Wengström, Yvonne
    Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Johansson, Karin
    Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Ahlgren, Johan
    Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Regional Oncology Centre, Mid-Sweden Health Care Region, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Andersson, Yvette
    Department of Surgery, Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden; Västmanland County Hospital, Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden.
    Bergkvist, Leif
    Västmanland County Hospital, Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden.
    Frisell, Jan
    Division of Cancer, Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
    Lundstedt, Dan
    Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Rydén, Lisa
    Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Surgery and Gastroenterology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    Sund, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
    Alkner, Sara
    Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Vrou Offersen, Birgitte
    Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Breast Cancer Group Center and Clinic for Late Effects, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Filtenborg Tvedskov, Tove
    Department of Breast Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Christiansen, Peer
    Danish Breast Cancer Group Center and Clinic for Late Effects, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
    de Boniface, Jana
    Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Capio St Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Patient-reported outcomes one year after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy with or without axillary lymph node dissection in the randomized SENOMAC trial2022In: Breast, ISSN 0960-9776, E-ISSN 1532-3080, Vol. 63, p. 16-23Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: This report evaluates whether health related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient-reported arm morbidity one year after axillary surgery are affected by the omission of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).

    Methods: The ongoing international non-inferiority SENOMAC trial randomizes clinically node-negative breast cancer patients (T1-T3) with 1–2 sentinel lymph node (SLN) macrometastases to completion ALND or no further axillary surgery. For this analysis, the first 1181 patients enrolled in Sweden and Denmark between March 2015, and June 2019, were eligible. Data extraction from the trial database was on November 2020. This report covers the secondary outcomes of the SENOMAC trial: HRQoL and patient-reported arm morbidity. The EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-BR23 and Lymph-ICF questionnaires were completed in the early postoperative phase and at one-year follow-up. Adjusted one-year mean scores and mean differences between the groups are presented corrected for multiple testing.

    Results: Overall, 976 questionnaires (501 in the SLN biopsy only group and 475 in the completion ALND group) were analysed, corresponding to a response rate of 82.6%. No significant group differences in overall HRQoL were identified. Participants receiving SLN biopsy only, reported significantly lower symptom scores on the EORTC subscales of pain, arm symptoms and breast symptoms. The Lymph-ICF domain scores of physical function, mental function and mobility activities were significantly in favour of the SLN biopsy only group.

    Conclusion: One year after surgery, arm morbidity is significantly worse affected by ALND than by SLN biopsy only. The results underline the importance of ongoing attempts to safely de-escalate axillary surgery.

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