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  • 1.
    Abrahamsson, Lillemor
    et al.
    Institutionen för kostvetenskap, Uppsala universitet.
    Hörnell, Agneta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Ekblad, Jenny
    FoU Malmö stad, Malmö.
    Nutrition under livscykeln2013In: Näringslära för högskolan: från grundläggande till avancerad nutrition / [ed] Abrahamsson Lillemor, Andersson Agneta, Nilsson Gerd, Stockholm: Liber, 2013, 6, p. 379-403Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Abrahamsson Nordin, Jennifer
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Lundmark, Emma
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    En studie om högstadieelevers lunchvanor2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Intake of a balanced school lunch has been associated with healthier eating habits in general, for example better meal planning and healthier snacks.Objective: To investigate the lunch habits of pupils during school days, in one secondary school in Arjeplog and Arvidsjaur, respectively.Method: A survey was handed out to 110 pupils in 8th and 9th grade in Arjeplog and Arvidsjaur. The survey asked for the pupils’ lunch habits, intake of high sugary and fast food as well as fruit and vegetables.Results: Four out of five pupils ate school lunch daily (77 %, n=84). Less than every five of these pupils ate a balanced school lunch according to the Swedish food administration’s definition (17 %, n=14). More pupils ate a balanced school lunch in Arvidsjaur (p=0,009). The most chosen reason to eat school lunch was to satisfy ones hunger, and for not to eat that they didn’t like the food. Among non-school lunch eaters, it was most common to eat fast food instead. Of all the pupils, 62 % (n=67) thought that the school lunch was lacking main course options. Candy was eaten at least two days per week by 53 % (n=57) of the pupils. Among balanced school lunch eaters, fruit and vegetables where consumed more frequently than among those eating an unbalanced school lunch (p=0,023; p<0,001, respectively). Vegetables where eaten daily by 37 % (n=15) of the girls and 17 % (n=11) of the boys (p=0,025).Conclusion: The eating habits during lunchtime in Arjeplog and Arvidsjaur indicate less healthy dietary habits in general. There are tendencies of less healthy food habits in Arjeplog. When deciding whether to eat school lunch or not, taste and quality of the food is of major importance. Investment in school meals is an important investment in public health.

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  • 3. Adamsson, Viola
    et al.
    Ellegård, Lasse
    Rossander Hulthén, Lena
    Hambraeus, Leif
    Larsson, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Validity of reported energy intake and energy expenditure of Swedish elite cross-country skiers2004In: Public Health Nutrition 8th Nordic Nutrition Conference, Tønsberg, Norway, 2004Conference paper (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 4. Adamsson, Viola
    et al.
    Larsson, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Viktigt att granska kostundersökningar2005In: Svensk Idrottsmedicin, ISSN 1103-7652, no 2, p. 14-17Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Agerhäll, Britta
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Söderqvist, Maja
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Energi- och näringsinnehåll i det faktiska intaget av skollunch: en jämförelse mellan pojkar och flickor i årskurs 52014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background Establishing good eating habits during childhood are important since these lay the foundation for the future. Having a balanced and healthy diet is associated with a better learning ability. Research shows differences in intake of energy and nutrients between boys and girls.

    Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate possible differences between boys and girls referring intake of school lunch and to compare them to Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) with a focus on content of energy and nutrients.

    Method This study was established through a partnership with ProMeal. Data was collected during five days through a weighed and photographed food record of school lunch among 29 children in the 5th grade. The participants’ portions of food were calculated concerning contents of energy and nutrients through the computer program DietistNet. Data was statistically analyzed in order to detect differences in intake of energy and nutrients between the sexes. A comparison between the participants’ energy and nutrient intake and the NNR was made.

    Results This research showed no statistical significant difference between boys’ and girls’ intake of energy (p=0,226). Regardless of sex the participants’ median intake of energy was lower than the estimated energy demand for the age group according to NNR. There was no statistical significant difference between boys and girls concerning the intake of energy from macronutrients. The share of energy from carbohydrates, protein and fat was relatively even distributed between the sexes. In comparison boys had a significantly higher intake of dietary fiber (p=0,008), iron (p=0,037) and vitamin C (p=0,034) than girls. 

    Conclusion Overall the participants had a noteworthy low intake of energy and micronutrients in relation to the estimated demands and recommendations of NNR. During five days there was no statistical significant difference between boys and girls concerning intake of energy. Further research is needed. 

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  • 6.
    Ahlgren, Christina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS).
    Hammarström, Anne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Social medicine.
    Sandberg, Susanne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Lindahl, Bernt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Olsson, Tommy
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Larsson, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition. Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Fjellman-Wiklund, Anncristine
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS).
    Engagement in New Dietary Habits: Obese Women's Experiences from Participating in a 2-Year Diet Intervention2016In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, ISSN 1070-5503, E-ISSN 1532-7558, Vol. 23, no 1, p. 84-93Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Dietary weight loss interventions most often result in weight loss, but weight maintenance on a long-term basis is the main problem in obesity treatment. There is a need for an increased understanding of the behaviour patterns involved in adopting a new dietary behavior and to maintain the behaviour over time.

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to explore overweight and obese middle-aged women's experiences of the dietary change processes when participating in a 2-year-long diet intervention.

    METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 12 overweight and obese women (54-71 years) were made after their participation in a diet intervention programme. The programme was designed as a RCT study comparing a diet according to the Nordic nutrition recommendations (NNR diet) and a Palaeolithic diet (PD). Interviews were analysed according to Grounded Theory principles.

    RESULTS: A core category "Engagement phases in the process of a diet intervention" concluded the analysis. Four categories included the informants' experiences during different stages of the process of dietary change: "Honeymoon phase", "Everyday life phase", "It's up to you phase" and "Crossroads phase". The early part of the intervention period was called "Honeymoon phase" and was characterised by positive experiences, including perceived weight loss and extensive support. The next phases, the "Everyday life phase" and "It's up to you phase", contained the largest obstacles to change. The home environment appeared as a crucial factor, which could be decisive for maintenance of the new dietary habits or relapse into old habits in the last phase called "Crossroads phase".

    CONCLUSION: We identified various phases of engagement in the process of a long-term dietary intervention among middle-aged women. A clear personal goal and support from family and friends seem to be of major importance for long-term maintenance of new dietary habits. Gender relations within the household must be considered as a possible obstacle for women engaging in diet intervention.

  • 7.
    Ahlgren, Roger
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Bergh, Kurt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Hauer, Cecilia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Jonsson, Mona
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Lindberg, Kerstin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Nygren, Charlotte
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Reivell, Gun-Britt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Rönnlund, Ulla
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Sandahl, Carla
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Dahlgren, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Kostvetenskaplig kompetens: belyst med kvalitativ metod1996Report (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Ahlgren, Roger
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Malmros, Bengt
    Umeå University, Umeå University Library, Centre for teaching and learning (UPL).
    Sjödin, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Tieva, Åse
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Att bryta en trend och förändra en tradition2015In: Universitetspedagogiska konferensen 2015: Gränslös kunskap, Umeå: Umeå universitet , 2015, p. 6-7Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Ailert Andersson, Natalie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Persson, Linn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Föreställningar och attityder till mellanmål hos studenter vid Umeå universitet och Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background In-between meals can include anything consumed between breakfast, lunch and dinner. There are no explicit recommendations about in-between meals in Sweden. Dietary habits are affected by social norms and peers. Usually dietary habits change during college or university. The eating habits created during this time is often kept for the future.

    Objective Examine students’ ideas about and attitudes towards in-between meals.

    Method Eight semi-structured individual interviews were held with students from Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Umeå University. The participants were recruited by the authors at both Universities. The interviews were recorded and transcribed word by word. The data collection was analyzed using a qualitative content analysis.

    Results The participants had different views about in-between meals. Some believed in-between meals was a good thing while others thought it was pointless. Lack of time and bad planning were the biggest reasons not to have in-between meals. The participants described that their friends and acquaintances affected their in-between meals. The participants believed that a person’s body shape and what they ate affected how they saw that person. Some of the female participants brought up social pressure about weight and how it restrained their food choices.

    Conclusion Individuals greatly differed in their opinions towards in-between meals and when it should be consumed. Assortment, social norms and peers was affecting student's thoughts and action towards in-between meals. More research is required to see if there is a need for general advice about in-between meals and how they should be mediated. More research is also required about social norms and in-between meals, but also about their health benefits.

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  • 10.
    Al-Adili, Sheima
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Matval och faktorer som påverkar matval hos personer med bakgrund från Iraq bosatta i Sverige. En kvantitativ studie.2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund Tidigare studier har visat att diabetes typ två samt fetma är överrepresenterade hos invandrare med Irakisk bakgrund bosatta i Sverige.

    Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka matvalen hos invandrare med Irakisk bakgrund beträffande; grönsaker, frukt, fett samt socker, i förhållande till Nordiska Närings Rekommendationer samt undersöka huruvida faktorer som kön, ålder, antal år i Sverige samt utbildningsnivå har betydelse för matvanorna.

    Metod En online-enkät framställdes och publicerades via sociala medier. I studien inkluderades 304 deltagare.

    Resultat Resultatet från undersökningen visar att de flesta inte uppnår rekommendationerna gällande intag av fisk, val av nyckelhålsmärkta livsmedel, samt fullkornsprodukter. De flesta äter grönsaker, använder olja till matlagningen, äter inte sötsaker dagligen samt tillsätter inte socker till varma drycker. Den enda signifikanta skillnaden som upptäcktes vid analys av variabler angående kön, ålder, antal år i Sverige samt utbildningsnivå var att personer som levt över tio år i Sveriges inkluderade grönsaker till alla mål till skillnad från de som levt under tio år i Sverige.

    Slutsats Generellt, fanns det ingen skillnad i matval beträffande kön, ålder, utbildningsnivå samt antal år man levt i Sverige. Det finns utrymme för förbättring beträffande matvalen hos personer med Irakisk bakgrund. 

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  • 11.
    Alm, Stina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Stoltz Sjöström, Elisabeth
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Nilsson Sommar, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Erythrocyte transfusions increased the risk of elevated serum ferritin in very low birth weight infants and were associated with altered longitudinal growth2020In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 109, no 7, p. 1354-1360Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: There has been a lack of population‐based longitudinal data on serum ferritin in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during hospitalisation. Our aim was to fill this gap in the knowledge and investigate risk factors for elevated serum ferritin and associations between erythrocyte transfusions and longitudinal growth.

    Methods: We retrospectively reviewed longitudinal data on 126 VLBW infants treated at Umeå University Hospital, Sweden, between 2010‐2013.

    Results: The infants’ mean gestational age and birth weight were 26.9 weeks and 899 grams. Most (91%) received erythrocyte transfusions and the majority had multiple erythrocyte transfusions. There was a significant correlation between serum ferritin and the volume of transfusions. Almost two‐thirds had at least one serum ferritin measurement of more than 350 µg/L, indicating iron overload. In those with complete anthropometric data (n=78) there was no significant effect of serum ferritin concentrations in relation to longitudinal growth, but there was a positive association between the erythrocyte transfusion dose and longitudinal growth in VLBW infants born before 25 weeks.

    Conclusion: This is the first population‐based study to investigate longitudinal data on serum ferritin in VLBW infants during hospitalisation. The unexpected positive finding in the subgroup born at less than 25 weeks needs further research with a larger cohort.

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  • 12.
    Almroth, Emelie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Holmgren, Margareta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    ”...det är lite spela roll känsla när jag är ensam.” - En kvalitativ studie om förälderns upplevelser kring sin kosthållning med barn i växelvis boende.2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In Sweden 35% of children with separated parents live in equally shared care on an every-other-week basis. There is a lack of studies in research addressing equally shared care and dietary concerns. It is a family situation like no other: neither a single-parent household, nor a single-member household, nor cohabitation in the usual sense. Life changes affect dietary habits. The shift to shared custody can be considered such a change and is therefore worth investigating.

    Objective: The aim was to assess how parents living in shared-care situations experienced dietary concerns, and to examine what challenges foodwise such a family construct may evoke.

    Method: Four men and three women were interviewed using a semi-structural interview guide about their dietary concerns as parents with equally shared care of children. Collected data from the interview were analysed with a qualitative content analysis method.

    Result: There were some special qualities in this family situation that are not found in other household settings. Most significant was the duality in the household structure: there was the importance of continued cooperation with the other parent, time and food were more important with the children than without them, and there was a sense of lack when the children were not there. All informants, regardless of gender, expressed that they spent much more time and care preparing meals during weeks with the children.

    Conclusion: There was a duality in the way dietary concerns were valued between weeks with and without children. There exists an emotional as well as a practical difference between the weeks which affect diet and possibly health. Gender roles of the parents are seemingly being equalized. Equally shared care differs enough as a household setting to warrant more studying to understand how parents are affected by this way of living.

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  • 13.
    Alvehus, Malin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Ryberg, Mats
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Blomquist, Caroline
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Larsson, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Lindahl, Bernt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Sandberg, Susanne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Ingegerd, Söderström
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Burén, Jonas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Olsson, Tommy
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Decreased TLR4 and Increased MIF Adipose Gene Expression Following Long-Term Diet InterventionManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Alvlund, Marine
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Lindström, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Kostvanor hos personer med nedstämdhet alternativt depression2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Depression is common, and research shows that diet influences our well-being. Interest in the relationship between diet and depression has increased, but important information about dietary habits when depressed is still missing.

    Objective: The aim of this study was to identify dietary habits when feeling downhearted or depressed among individuals over age 15 and relate results to the Swedish Nutrition Recommendations, to see if these individuals are following the recommendations as well as indication of possible areas of improvement.

    Method: A quantitative method in the form of a questionnaire survey was chosen, focusing on six areas. The questionnaire was distributed through health care providers and was also available on the Internet. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics Desktop V22.

    Results: Half of the respondents felt that they had an unhealthy diet. Less than half followed the Swedish Nutrition Recommendations of three larger meals per day. The majority ate breakfast and consumed larger meals regularly. The median consumption of fish and fatty fish was 0.75 times per week. The Vitamin-D rich products consumed most frequently were milk and sour milk/yogurt, however, the enriched option wasn’t always chosen. Difficulty in reaching recommendations on 500g of fruit and vegetables per day could be indicated, since only four respondents had a consumption frequency of five times a day or more. Consumption frequency of unsaturated fat sources such as fish, avocado, nuts and seeds and requested fats as margarine, oil and butter were low.

    Conclusion: The study shows a low consumptions frequency of fruit and vegetables, vitamin D-rich products and the studied fat sources fish, avocado, nuts and seeds, margarine, oil and butter in comparison with the Swedish Nutrition Recommendations. This shows areas of improvement, but the results are not generalizable to the target audience. It is desirable to have more studies to draw conclusions about the diets with downheartedness or depression.

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  • 15.
    Andersson, Johanna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Ernstsson, Sanna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    "Jag ville ge mitt barn de bästa förutsättningarna": En kvalitativ intervjustudie om tankar kring matvanor under graviditet hos nyblivna förstagångsmammor2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund Den blivande mammans matvanor under graviditeten är viktiga eftersom hon har ett ökat näringsbehov och försörjer en annan individ. En del av grunden för barnets framtida hälsa och matvanor ges redan i mammans mage. Trots det har studier visat att mammans matintag är otillräckligt jämfört med rekommendationerna samt att intaget av godis och fikabröd ofta ökar under graviditeten.

    Syfte Syftet med studien var att utforska inställningen till hälsosam och ohälsosam mat, samt hur denna inställning upplevdes påverka matintaget, hos nyblivna förstagångsmammor under graviditeten.

    Metod Åtta intervjuer genomfördes med nyblivna förstagångsmammor. Intervjuerna genomfördes med en semistrukturerad intervjuguide och spelades in med hjälp av en inspelningsapp. Data som samlades in transkriberades och analyserades sedan med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.

    Resultat Deltagarna berättade att de ändrade inställningen till sina matvanor då de blev gravida. Det blev allt viktigare att äta en varierad kost innehållande mycket grönsaker och frukt (hälsosam mat), och intaget av snabbmat och produkter innehållande mycket socker minskade (ohälsosam mat). Denna inställning följdes inte under hela graviditeten, och intaget av snabbmat och sockerrika livsmedel ökade under den senare delen. Kostråden från vårdpersonal upplevdes som bristfälliga på grund av att de gavs för få råd, och att mycket information själv fick hämtas från framförallt Livsmedelsverket.

    Slutsats Deltagarna följde inte sin initiala inställning till upplevd hälsosam och ohälsosam mat under hela graviditeten. Deltagarna efterfrågade även mer information om mat under graviditet från vårdpersonal. Mer stöd och information från vården kan ge den gravida kvinnan bättre förutsättningar till att hålla en hälsosam kost under hela graviditeten.

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  • 16.
    Andersson, Johanna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Rosendahl, Amanda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Treåringars matvanor, fysiska aktivitet, samt Body Mass Index i Västerbotten: I relation till amningsduration och familjekonstellation2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund Forskning har visat att hur länge barn ammats, har betydelse för deras hälsa senare i livet. Även barnens sociala miljö har visat sig ha effekt på hälsan och barnens matvanor. Salut är en satsning av Västerbottens läns landsting med målet att förbättra länsbornas hälsa fram till 2030.

    Syfte Syftet med studien var att undersöka treåringars matvanor, Body Mass Index (BMI) och fysiska aktivitet i relation till amningsduration och familjekonstellation.

    Metod Studien genomfördes genom ett samarbete med Salut som utformade och delade ut en enkät via barnavårdscentraler till samtliga föräldrar vid treårskontrollen. Enkäten innehöll frågor om barnens fysiska och psykiska hälsa, samt livsstil och levnadsvanor och totalt beabetades 210 av enkäterna i denna studie, där 16 frågor valdes ut. Dessa analyserades sedan statistiskt i IBM SPSS 21.0 Statistics. Signifikansnivån sattes till p<0,05.

    Resultat De flesta av barnen åt enligt rekommendationerna för livsmedelsintag, med undantag för rekommendationerna om fisk samt sötsaker. De flesta barnen nådde även upp till rekommendationerna om fysisk aktivitet. De flesta mödrar ammade inte sina barn efter rekommendationerna. Det utlästes en signifikant skillnad mellan hur länge barnen ammats totalt och hur ofta de åt sötsaker som visade att barn som ammats under sex månader hade ett högre intag än de som ammats längre. (p=0,033)

    Slutsats Barnen åt enligt rekommendationerna för de flesta livsmedel, utom fisk, som barnen åt mer sällan än vad som rekommenderas, samt sötsaker, som intogs oftare. Den information som framkommit i denna studie kan förtydliga vikten av att börja ett hälsofrämjande arbete i tidig ålder för att grundlägga goda vanor som sedan följer med barnen genom livet.

     

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  • 17.
    andersson, Kajsa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Henriksson B-D, Sabrina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Attityder och Kunskap om kost hos kvinnliga fotbollsspelare2018Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 18.
    Andersson, Kajsa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Henriksson Benhadj Djillali, Sabrina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    ATTITYDER & KUNSKAP OM KOST HOS KVINNLIGA FOTBOLLSSPELARE: Attitudes and Knowledge about diet in female soccerplayers2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund Damfotbollsspelare bör ha kunskap och intresse för kost. Damfotbollsspelare intar ofta mindre energi än vad rekommendationerna säger och riskerar då att hamna i den kvinnliga idrottstriaden, som påverkar hälsa och prestation negativt. Kostens sammansättning och tiden för intag är av betydelse för spelaren. Syfte Vårt syfte är att undersöka attityder och kunskap till kost hos kvinnliga fotbollsspelare. Studien undersöker skillnader mellan fotbollsspelare på elitnivå respektive lägre nivå. Metod Studien bygger på en kvantitativ metod, där en webbenkät skickades till fotbollslag ur de högsta divisionerna. För analys av data användes SPSS 25 med Chi-2 samt Mann-Whitney T-test. Signifikansnivån sattes till p < 0.05. Excel användes för figurer. Resultat Totalt deltog 207 damfotbollsspelare. Dessa delades in i två grupper; ”Elitnivå”, vilken bestod av Damallsvenskan, Elitettan och Svenska spel F19 (n=111) samt ”lägre nivå” med, division 1-2 (n= 96). Det fanns en signifikant skillnad (p <0,001) mellan grupperna gällande attityder till kost i samband med träning, där fler spelare på elitnivå såg till att äta en större måltid både före och efter träning mellan grupperna. Mindre än hälften (48%) av spelarna på elitnivå och 33% av spelarna på lägre nivån åt enligt idrottens tallriksmodell (p=0,155). Båda grupperna (elit 69% och lägre nivå 69%) ansåg att de hade tillräcklig kostkunskap (p = 0,924), trots att majoriteten (Elit=81% och lägre nivå=76%) saknade kostutbildning (p=0,337). Över 60% av elitspelarna samt spelarna på lägre nivå skattade sitt behov av kunskap >3 på en skala från 1-5. Slutsats Trots att spelarna påstår sig ha tillräckligt med kunskap, är det få som rapporterar att de äter enligt kostrekommendationerna. Studien visar att attityderna och kunskapen inte var tillfredsställande. Det behövs därför vidare kostutbildning för spelare på alla nivåer.

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  • 19.
    Andersson, Lina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Brannelid, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Kylda matlådor inom äldreomsorgen: En studie om kundernas upplevelse kring beställning, leverans och mat2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Background"Food is more than just the amount of food you eat” read the headline on an article from Skåne magazine from January 2014. The article arose because of the criticism levelled against the refrigerated lunch boxes served in senior care. The lunch boxes that were send to the elderly people were not assessed for nutrient content so there could be a lack of nutrients in the boxes. There were also a lack of procedures and controls, to show how much of the food they ate. Not getting enough nutrients and energy can lead to complications such as impaired immune system and depression.

     

    Objective The purpose of the study was to find out how customers in senior care in a selected municipality in the middle of Sweden experienced ordering, delivery, and the food that the municipality distributed them.

     

    Method A questionnaire was designed in collaboration with the dietician at the selected municipality. During the spring of 2014 170 questionnaires were distributed. It was calculated median and mean some of the results were compared with previous studies conducted in the municipality.

     

    Results From the 170 questionnaires sent out 89 samples were returned. The study came to consist of 39 male and 49 women. The informants felt overall that the food tasted good and they were satisfied with the order, delivery and food. There was some differences between the genders, men were more satisfied then the women.

     

    Conclusion The study shows that the customers in the municipality overall were satisfied with the lunch boxes. No major changes had occurred since previous studies carried out in the municipality. This indicates that the food was of good standard. What we saw in the comments were that the costumers were complaining about the vegetables that are included in the lunch boxes.  We believe that these complaints need to be resolved by the municipality. We also believe that further studies should be conducted to get at deeper picture of the consumers food experience. 

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  • 20.
    Apell, Amandine
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Energi- och näringsintag hos elitinnebandyspelare på idrottsgymnasium.2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund En del unga idrottstalanger väljer att kombinera sina studier med en specialidrott på idrottsgymnasier, vilket kan innebära avflyttning från familjen och förändrat kostintag. Kosthållningen påverkar i sin tur idrottarens prestationsförmåga, risk för skador, sjukdomar samt tillväxt för yngre idrottare.

    Syfte Att undersöka energi- och näringsintag i relation till uppskattat energibehov och näringsrekommendationer hos elitinnebandyspelare på idrottsgymnasium.

    Metod En kvantitativ studie gjordes utifrån fyra dagars vägd kostregistrering genomförd av 18 deltagare och 12 av dessa utförde samtidigt en aktivitetsregistrering. Energi – och makronutrienter jämfördes med rekommendationer för gruppen enligt Nordiska näringsrekommendationer och Svenska olympiska kommittén. Mikronutrienterna kalcium, vitamin D och järn jämfördes med uppskattat genomsnittsbehov (AR) och analyserades med icke parametriska test.

    Resultat Sett till energiprocent låg majoriteten av deltagarna inom eller över rekommendationen för makronutrienter. Detsamma gällande proteinintaget uttryckt i g/kg kroppsvikt. Majoriteten av deltagarna kom ej upp i rekommenderad mängd kolhydrater uttryckt i g/kg kroppsvikt. AR för kalcium tillgodosågs av samtliga deltagare. AR för järn täcktes i större utsträckning av män. Samtliga deltagare hade utifrån kost- och aktivitetsregistreringen ett rapporterat energiintag som låg under uppskattat energibehov.

    Slutsats Resultatet indikerar att deltagarna inte hade att adekvat intag av kolhydrater, järn och vitamin D i jämförelse med rekommendationer. Rapporterat energiintag tyder på dock på underrapportering av energiintag, vilket gör att intaget av makro- och mikronutrienter bör tolkas med försiktighet. Underrapportering och ett lågt antal deltagare har gjort det svårt att dra slutsatser utifrån denna studie. Ytterligare studier bör utföras för att se hur unga idrottares energi- och näringsintag kan optimeras.

  • 21.
    Apell, Amandine
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Burman, Viktoria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Hur upplevs och hanteras familjens vardag av mödrar till barn med celiaki?: en kvalitativ intervjustudie2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    ABSTRACT                         

    Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder with a prevalence of 2/100 in Sweden. The only treatment is a diet free from gluten. Gluten occurs in grains of wheat, rye, barley and being diagnosed with CD often means that a change in eating habits is necessary. Living together with someone with CD has been shown to be problematic. Family life may be negatively affected and parents of children with CD experience worry and anxiety for their child.

    Objective: The aim of the study was to examine how mothers of children with CD experienced and handled everyday life in relation to their child's gluten-free diet (GFD).

    Method: A targeted selection was used and qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine mothers of children with CD. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and then analyzed with qualitative content analysis.

    Results: All participants felt that everyday life had been adapted to the child with CD and there were different ways to deal with the GFD. Some chose to have the home as a gluten-free zone to avoid the stress of risking to give the child wrong food. Others chose to have both gluten-containing and gluten-free foods at home because of economic aspects and preferences from other family members. The level of knowledge about CD in the community was considered low, which was perceived to complicate everyday life for mothers of a child with CD. The majority of participants expressed that best support was found through Internet and social media.

    Conclusion: According to mothers of children with CD, the disease involved some dilemmas and daily life was at times perceived as worrisome, which can affect quality of life. Internet and social media were considered as good support in everyday life. Increased knowledge in society and greater understanding from the environment could improve families everyday life.

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  • 22.
    Arogén, Johanna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Information om viktminskning på internet: En intervjustudie med fokus på tillförlitlighet, ideal och viktminskningsmetoder2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund Dagens samhälle är präglat av en medvetenhet kring övervikt, vilket kan ha lett till de ideal som råder när det gäller kropp och hälsa. Media påverkar samhällets ideal kring utseende och har en viktig roll vid spridning av kostinformation gällande viktnedgång.

    Syfte Syftet är att utforska synen på webbpublicerad kostinformation gällande viktnedgång.

    Metod Fyra kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes och urvalet baserades på att deltagarna skulle ha en vilja att minska i vikt samt regelbundet läste kostinformation gällande viktnedgång på internet.

    Resultat Deltagarna trodde inte att informationen som ges i kvällstidningarnas webbupplaga är tillförlitlig och att enda syftet är att tjäna pengar. Man upplevde förvirring kring nya rön och metoder gällande viktminskning och ansåg att omgivningen lätt tar till sig den information som finns på internet. Idealen i samhället och som visas på internet ansågs vara förvridna och ohälsosamma. Idealet tycktes vara en smal och vältränad kropp vilket informanterna inte själva upplevde sig kunde nå upp till och kände ett misslyckande över och gjorde att de även kände sig än mer uppgivna inför en viktminskning. Man menade också att begrepp som hälsa och sundhet förvridits till att mest handla om smalhet och att forma kroppen. Vidare uppfattade informanterna att de så kallade fettdieterna florerar mycket på webben och kändes svåra att särskilja. Samtidigt lockade snabba metoder i allmänhet och man betraktade snabba reslutat som önskvärt.

    Slutsats Denna studie har indikerat att idealen som upplevs råda i samhället vad gäller utseende kan leda till obehagskänslor hos de som inte kan nå upp till dem. Vad som är tillförlitligt är inte helt självklart och en viss förvirring uppfattas råda bland människor vad gäller råd om viktnedgång. 

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  • 23.
    Artberg, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Dyra kalorier i frukt och grönsaker: En studie om prisutveckling och kostnader för livsmedel i relation till energitäthet2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund Livsmedel med låg energitäthet är förknippat med bättre hälsa och lägre risk att drabbas av fetma. Studier visar att livsmedel med låg energitäthet inte bara är dyrare per kilokalori utan också har ökat mer i pris än energitäta livsmedel. Därför var det intressant att undersöka om priset och prisutvecklingen på livsmedel i Sverige skiljer sig åt beroende på energitäthet.

    Syfte Syftet med studien var att undersöka huruvida det fanns ett samband mellan energitäthet och prisutveckling för livsmedel under åren 1991-2010. Vidare var syftet att undersöka ifall priset för livsmedel skiljer sig åt beroende på energitäthet.

    Metod Utifrån en kostfrekvensenkät från Västerbottens hälsoundersökning och statistiska centralbyråns prisdatalistor valdes 122 livsmedel ut. Energitäthet räknades ut och livsmedlen räknades om till pris per ätlig del och pris per kilokalori. Prisförändringar och energikostnader för livsmedel indelade i sextiler utifrån energitäthet och procentuell prisförändring analyserades med hjälp av statistiska tester.

    Resultat De livsmedel som hade ökat mest i pris mellan 1991 och 2005/2010 samt 2005 och 2010 hade ingen signifikant lägre energitäthet än de livsmedel som ökat minst. Skillnaden mellan livsmedel med låg energitäthet och energitäta livsmedel gällande pris per 1000 kilokalorier var betydande. För den gruppen med lägst energiinnehåll var det genomsnittliga priset 91,3 kr och för energitätaste gruppen var genomsnittspriset på 14,5 kr (p<0,001).

    Slutsats Det fanns inget samband mellan energitäthet och prisförändringar mellan åren 1991, 2005 och 2010. Livsmedel med låg energitäthet var dyrare per kilokalori. Detta kan vara en orsak till att personer med begränsad ekonomi väljer att köpa billigare energitäta livsmedel. Att införa en skatt på ohälsosamma livsmedel skulle vara ett alternativ för att få personer att äta mer hälsosamt.

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    Dyra kalorier i frukt och grönsaker
  • 24.
    Arvola, Sandra
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Liedgren, Hanna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    En vegetariska dag i veckan: En studie som utvärderar gymnasieelevers inställning till och efterfrågan av vegetarisk skollunch, samt deras upplevda delaktighet kring skollunchen i en skola i Umeå kommun.2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background Meat consumption increased in Sweden between the years 2000-2010 with 20 % per capita. Meanwhile, there are recommendations from the Swedish National Food Agency to reduce intake from charcuteries and red meat, as well as to increase intake of vegetables and pulses.

    Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate Umeå municipality’s project: “A vegetarian day once a week”, through assessing upper secondary school pupil’s attitudes to and perceived demand of vegetarian school lunch as well as their participation at mealtimes at a school in Umeå.

    Method A questionnaire was designed in the program esMakerNX2. The questionnaire was distributed through mail and as a paper-based version in an upper secondary school in the municipality of Umeå, during the spring of 2014. Convenience sampling was used. Data collected were analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics 21 with a significance level of p<0,05.

    Results A total of 122 pupils participated, 68 girls and 54 boys. About half of the participants, 51 % (n=62), ate every time when only the vegetarian meal alternative was offered. Girls chose the vegetarian meal alternative more often than boys (p<0,001). Almost half of the pupils, 48 % (n=28), chose the vegetarian meal primarily because of the good taste. Results even showed that 14 % (n=17) ate vegetarian meals more often since the start of the project, whilst 9 % (n=10) ate less often.

    Conclusion The pupils had different opinions about vegetarian meals in school. Almost half of the pupils chose not to eat when the lunch served was exclusively vegetarian. The interest of vegetarian food was stronger among girls than boys. A few upper secondary school pupils were influenced by the project to eat more vegetarian food, which shows that changing people ́s meal patterns is a big task where more knowledge and work is needed. 

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  • 25.
    Aspholme, Carita
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Persson, Evelina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Svensson, Nina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    "Har ni något överhuvudtaget som jag kan äta?": Att ha ett barn med dubbeldiagnosen celiaki-diabetes: föräldrars upplevelser av kosten.2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background The prevalence of both coeliac disease and diabetes type I in the pediatric population varies between 2.4-16.4 %. Both diseases demand a strictly controlled diet A limited number of studies are investigating the practical implementation of the two diets. Objective To investigate parent’s experiences of the diet, when having a child with both coeliac disease and diabetes type I. Method A qualitative method was used in form of narratives, collected through a web based form. The informants consisted of 26 parents, having a child of age 3-16 years, diagnosed with both coeliac disease and diabetes type I. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the narratives. Result Difficulties were experienced by the informants considering the practical implementation of the two diets. The double diagnosis demanded frequent planning. Lack of knowledge in the surroundings was experienced, for example in staff at school and restaurants. The possibilities of saving time and money were limited and there were limitations also in the food supply, especially gluten-free products with low glycemic index. Due to experience of inconvenience and negative treatment from their surroundings, the feelings of being different were enhanced. Conclusion Difficulties in trusting others knowledge regarding the diet lead to compliance issues and put restraint to the children’s social life. Perceptions of lack of treatment and understanding in the surroundings could enhance the feeling of not being like everyone else and being a nuisance. A need for education aimed at staff in schools and restaurants exists to increase knowledge and understanding. More materials regarding cooking with the double-diagnosis are desirable. Constant planning lead to limitations in the daily life and the parenting role became more controlling, which could create difficulties when guiding the child into independence. Also the supply of gluten-free products with low glycemic index is limited and need further development.

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    Har ni något överhuvudtaget som jag kan äta? Att ha ett barn med dubbeldiagnosen celiaki-diabetes: föräldrars upplevelser av kosten.
  • 26.
    Augustsson, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Berglund, Ida-Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Vegankost eller blandkost?: En jämförelse av näringsintag, livsmedelsval och måltidsmönster hos förskolebarn som äter vegankost och blandkost.2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The discussions and studies on vegan diet for children are many and with diverged opinions and results. The negative views, where the risks of deficiencies in the diet is in focus often dominates. Many studies show that if the most common pitfalls are avoided the growth of vegan children is normal. Today, the debate often focus on the risks of giving children a vegan diet, while the unbalanced mixed diet is easily forgotten. The latest national study of children´s dietary habits in Sweden (2003), reported a satisfactory distribution of protein, fat and carbohydrates, while the type of fat and carbohydrates consumed were of bad quality.

    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional intake, food choice and meal patterns among vegan and omnivore preschool children. The study also investigated whether the nutrient intake was consistent with the recommendations by the National Food Agency (NFA).

    Method: A quantitative method was used where a three-day estimated dietary registration of twelve children was performed, where half of the children were vegans and the other half omnivores. 

    Results: Children who ate a vegan diet consumed more fruit and vegetables, fibers and had a higher energy intake. The difference on the intake of fruit and vegetables was not significantly. The omnivores had a higher intake of sugar, salt and saturated fat, with a significant difference for the latter two. The vegan children had consistently a higher mean value of all nutrients with the exception of selenium and B12. The difference was only significant for the intake of vitamin C. Both groups had a satisfactory meal patterns.

    Conclusion: The vegan children had an intake more in accordance with the NFA recommendations than the omnivore children, indicating highly motivated and knowledgeable parents of the children who ate a vegan diet. 

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  • 27.
    Axelsson, Cecilia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Whole grain intake in adolescents assessed by the web-based dietary assessment method Riksmaten flex – a validation study2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background During the year 2016-2017 the Swedish national food agency will perform a national dietary survey focusing on adolescents. In the work with the survey a new web based dietary assessment method, Riksmaten flex was developed. The current study was a part of the pilot study prior to the main survey.

    Objective To validate the reported intake of whole grains from Riksmaten flex against 24-hour recalls and alkylresorcinols as a biomarker of whole grain intake from wheat and rye.

    Method A crossover study was performed on adolescents, from elementary schools grade five and eight together with high school second graders, from different regions of Sweden. A total of 78 participants conducted two days of both dietary assessment methods and left blood samples for non-fasting plasma alkyresorcinol homologues to be analyzed.

    Results The intake from whole grains and whole grains from wheat and rye was 3.0 respectively 1.0 in the 24-hour recalls and 3.5 respectively 1.1 in Riksmaten flex. Spearman’s correlation coefficient between non-fasting plasma total alkylresorcinols and whole grains from wheat and rye was 0.36 for Riksmaten flex. Furthermore single and multiple regression models showed significant associations between the energy adjusted intake of whole grains from wheat and rye (g/MJ) and total alkylresorcinols in Riksmaten flex (p<0.01).

    Conclusion A significant correlation was seen between the reported intake of whole grains from wheat and rye in Riksmaten flex and the 24-hour recalls. A significant correlation was furthermore seen between the intake of whole grains from wheat and rye in Riksmaten flex and non-fasting plasma alkylresorcinol homologue levels. The correlation between the methods was weak but the overall result from this study suggests that Riksmaten flex captures the whole grain intake from wheat and rye in a valid way and can be used to assess this intake in Swedish adolescents.

  • 28.
    Bahabozorgi, Bahareh
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Gustafsson, Elina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Hälften kött, hälften böna - har Beat®burgern en framtid?: En kvantitativ studie om kännedom och förhållningssätt till produkten Beat®burger.2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background In the Nordic countries the consumption of red meat and charcuteries is currently high, which has negative effects on both the environment and the public health. To achieve a decrease in the meat consumption in the long run, a greater knowledge about attitudes towards the product Beat®burger - containing a mix of meat and vegetables - is required.

    Objective The objective was to examine the knowledge of and attitudes towards the Beat®burger as a product in persons 15 years and older.

    Method A quantitative questionnaire study was carried out where people were invited via the social media Facebook to complete a web survey. Results from selected questions were compared to gender, age, income, education, household size and present meat consumption. Data was analyzed in SPSS 22.0. The level of significance was established at p < 0.05.  

    Results 124 persons participated in the survey. The majority of the participants had no prior knowledge of the Beat®burger (88 %). Sixty-six percent believed that other consumers would find the product interesting. The reasons deemed most important to choose the Beat®burger were health (65 %) and environmental reasons (61 %). The majority of the participants (59 %) reported that they would rather buy the Beat®burgern at a hamburger restaurant. The participants were on average willing to pay 56 SEK for a package of ten Beat®burgers 60g a piece. Sixty-nine percent had a positive view on the future prospects of the product.

    Conclusion Many participants were positive towards the Beat®burger and similar products. However, based on results from the study it’s difficult to comment on the future prospects of these products. In order for the Beat®burger and similar products to succeed the participants thought that advertisement and efforts to spread information about the benefits of reduced meat consumption were required.

  • 29.
    Berg, Elina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Engström, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Matvanor bland anställda vid Västerbottens läns landsting: En enkätstudie2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background Unhealthy eating habits are a contributing factor for poor health in Sweden. Food intervention programs at the workplace can improve employee’s health. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the eating habits and the food situation among employees at different workplaces in Västerbottens läns landsting. Method Seventy-nine workplaces in Västerbottens läns landsting were asked to participate. After loss there were 207 participants from 18 different workplaces in the study. The data was processed and analyzed in SPSS 20.0 using chi-2-test and multiple response set, the level of significance was set to p<0,05. Results Thirty-five percent had needs for improvements of their eating habits while three percent had good eating habits, relation was seen with age. There were 30 % who didn’t eat fruit daily, connection with gender and age. There were 32 % who didn’t eat vegetables daily, connection with gender. The majority (54 %) ate fish/shellfish less than twice a week, association with occupation. There were 40 % who didn’t use liquid margarine for cooking, relation with income and age. Half (49 %) ate sausage at least once a week, relation with gender, age and accommodation. The majority (60 %) ate a snack daily, connection with gender, occupation, workplace, education, fruit- and vegetable intake. Offering of food at workplace varied between different workplaces and the experience of eating at work was both positive and negative. Improvements suggested were better canteen and better range of food served. Conclusion The result suggested that efforts need to be taken to improve healthy eating habits. Increase the intake of fruit, vegetables and fish/shellfish and the choice of fat in cooking/on bread need to improve. Food interventions at worksite can become an important channel to reach out with our message and improving the public health.

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  • 30.
    Berggren, Beatrice
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Falk, Elin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Gymnasieelevers upplevda psykiska hälsa i relation till livsstilsfaktorer: En enkätstudie på gymnasieelever i Västernorrland2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    SAMMANFATTNING

    Bakgrund: Stress är en del av dagens psykiska ohälsa som kan påverka koncentrationsförmågan. Studier har visat ett samband mellan måltidsordning samt val av livsmedel och psykisk hälsa och att fysisk aktivitet kan påverka hälsan positivt.

     

    Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka gymnasieelevers upplevda psykiska hälsa med fokus på upplevd stress och koncentration, samt livsstilsfaktorer med fokus på konsumtion av sötade livsmedel, måltidsordning och fysisk aktivitet. Ytterligare ett syfte var att undersöka om det fanns något samband mellan upplevd psykisk hälsa och ovan nämnda livsstilsfaktorer samt eventuella skillnader mellan könen.

     

    Metod: En webbaserad enkät skickades till elever vid två gymnasieskolor i Västernorrland, under våren 2017. Enkäten besvarades av 212 deltagare och analyserades med Chi2-test, Fischers Exact test, Independent samples T-test och Mann-Whitney U test.

     

    Resultat: Majoriteten av gymnasieeleverna upplevde sin stressnivå som låg och att de oftast kunde koncentrera sig under lektionerna. Vidare var flertalet deltagare fysiskt aktiva och hade en god måltidsordning, däremot konsumerade 47 % sötade livsmedel flera gånger per vecka. Kvinnor upplevde sig vara mer stressade än män (p = <0,001) och en större andel av männen upplevde att de alltid eller oftast kunde koncentrera sig på lektionerna (p = 0,016). De gymnasieelever som hade en regelbunden måltidsordning upplevde sig mer stressade (p = 0,043) än övriga och de fysiskt aktiva upplevde sig oftare kunna koncentrera sig på lektionerna (p = 0,045).

    Slutsats: Majoriteten av gymnasieeleverna hade låg stressnivå, god koncentration, regelbunden måltidsordning och var fysiskt aktiva. Däremot så konsumerade många sötade livsmedel flera gånger i veckan. Det fanns även vissa könsskillnader och intressant vore att studera vad de kan bero på och om det går att göra något åt dem.

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  • 31.
    Berggren, Linda
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Olsson, Cecilia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Talvia, S.
    Hörnell, Agneta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Rönnlund, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    Waling, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    The lived experiences of school lunch: an empathy-based study with children in Sweden2020In: Children's Geographies, ISSN 1473-3285, E-ISSN 1473-3277, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 339-350Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    School lunch is in general regulated through policies and agendas constituted by the perspectives of adults. In this article, we focus on children’s lived experiences of school lunch with a special emphasis on emotions and how they relate to social and physical dimensions. This study draws on empathy-based stories written by 10–11 year olds (n = 171) from schools in Sweden. We identified three themes: Interaction and exposure, Routines and restrictions and Food and eating. The children’s lived experiences of school lunch and the emotions attached to them are closely associated and intertwined with the socio-spatial dimension of school lunch. A pleasant meal experience seems to require harmonization between the physical and social space whilst negative experiences contain tensions between them, something that actors working with school lunch and school lunch environments should take in consideration when resourcing, planning and scheduling school lunch, and also when designing new school restaurants.

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  • 32.
    Berggren, Linda
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Talvia, Sanna
    Child and Youth Research Institute, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Fossgard, Eldbjørg
    Faculty of Education, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway.
    Björk Arnfjörð, Unnur
    School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland .
    Healthy eating as an unquestional norm in the school lunch context - Nordic children´s perspective2016In: The VII Conference on childhood studies: Childhood in everyday life: Abstract Book, 2016Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction/Background: In the Nordic primary schools school lunches are organized in different ways, ranging from a hot meal served daily to every pupil free of charge to lunch boxes taken from home. Yet, the importance of the lunch for health and nutrition has been emphasized in all countries in dietary recommendations or in curricula. Little is known, however, how children themselves reflect on healthy eating in the school lunch context.

    Topic/Aim: to explore 10-year-old Nordic children’s perspectives on healthy eating in the school lunch context.

    Methods: Results are based on 72 focus groups with altogether 423 Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian and Icelandic participants of the Nordic ProMeal study. Stimulated by preselected photos taken in different global school lunch situations children were autonomously able to select interesting topics and perspectives for discussions. The data was analyzed by using thematic analysis and focusing on both semantic and latent meanings.

    Results/Findings: Two main themes were found in the data: First, a semantic theme of categorizing related to the ways how healthy and unhealthy eating were distinguished from each other, and second, a more latent theme of the acceptability of healthy and unhealthy eating. Clear dichotomy of the entities of healthy and unhealthy eating dominated the discussion. Healthy eating was constructed as a rational, normative and acceptable way to eat in the school context, even with some moralistic tones. Yet, children also negotiated the borders of these two entities, which made the principally unacceptable unhealthy eating more acceptable also in the school context.

    Conclusions: Nordic children seem to share the adult-set aim of healthy eating in the school context as a socio-cultural norm. Teachers dealing with healthy eating should be aware of and reflect the normative, even moral nature of healthy eating.

  • 33.
    Berggren, Linda
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Talvia, Sanna
    Child and Youth Research institute, Turku, Finland,.
    Fossgard, Eldbjørg
    Faculty of Education, Bergen University College, Bergren, Norway,.
    Björk Arnfjörð, Unnur
    School of Education, University of Iceland.
    Hörnell, Agneta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Ólafsdóttir, Anna
    School of Education, University of Iceland.
    Gunnarsdóttir, Ingibjörg
    The National University Hospital of Iceland , Unit for Nutrition Research, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Wergedahl, Hege
    Faculty of Education, Bergen University College, Bergren, Norway,.
    Lagström, Hanna
    University of Turku, Turku Institute of Child and Youth Research, Turku, Finland.
    Waling, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Olsson, Cecilia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Perspectives about health outcomes related to food among Nordic children2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Perspectives about health outcomes related to food among Nordic children

    Linda Berggren* 1, Sanna Talvia2, Eldbjørg Fossgard3, Unnur Björk Arnfjörð4, Agneta Hörnell 1, Anna Ólafsdóttir 4,Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir 5, Hege Wergedahl 3, Hanna Lagström 6, Maria Waling1, Cecilia Olsson1

    1Umeå University, Department of food and nutrition, Umeå, Sweden, 2Child and Youth Research institute, Turku, Finland,3Faculty of Education, Bergen University College, Bergren, Norway, 4School of Education, University of Iceland, 5TheNational University Hospital of Iceland , Unit for Nutrition Research, Reykjavik, Iceland, 6University of Turku, TurkuInstitute of Child and Youth Research, Turku, Finland

    Preferred presentation type: Only Poster

    Background and aims: Dietary intake in school has previously been studied but little is known about Nordic children’sperspectives on food healthiness in the school lunch context. This study aims to explore 10-year-old Nordic children’sperspectives on outcomes of healthy eating in the school lunch context.

    Methods: Seventy-two focus groups were conducted in Sweden, Finland, Norway and Iceland with a total of 423participants. A flexible topic guide and 14 preselected photos displaying different school lunch contexts were used asstimuli material. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.

    Results: Children reasoned that school lunch are and should be healthy since the food eaten at school has short andlong term outcomes related to cognitive and physical health. It was commonly expressed that food eaten in school affectsschool work and functioning in learning activities. It was also stated that food eaten in school can have negative andpositive effects on your mood, e.g. eating unhealthy food or an insufficient amount of food, puts you in a bad mood whichcan affect the rest of the school day. The discussions mainly relied on negative short term effects such as feeling ill andreduced stamina. Some food and food groups such as vegetables, milk and fish, were mentioned in a more positivesense highlighting the positive short- and long term outcomes on health. When describing the long-term outcomes ofeating, children mentioned that healthy eating helps to build muscles, grow and prevent diseases, such as cancer anddiabetes. Sugar and fat was frequently mentioned as being the cause of overweight and some other diseases.

    Conclusion: In general, Nordic children have an adequate understanding of established relations between food andhealth. Yet, we know that many pupils do not eat according to recommendations. This highlights the importance of takingthe complexity of food choice into consideration in nutritional education.

    Disclosure of Interest: None to declare

  • 34.
    Berggren, Linda
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Talvia, Sanna
    Fossgard, Eldbjørg
    Björk Arnfjörð, Unnur
    Hörnell, Agneta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Ólafsdóttir, Anna Sigríður
    Gunnarsdóttir, Ingibjörg
    Wergedahl, Hege
    Lagström, Hanna
    Waling, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Olsson, Cecilia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Nordic children's conceptualizations of healthy eating in relation to school lunch2017In: Health Education, ISSN 0965-4283, E-ISSN 1758-714X, Vol. 117, no 2, p. 130-147Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Pupils' perspective should be better taken into account when developing nutrition education at school. The purpose of this paper is to explore Nordic children's perspectives on the healthiness of meals in the context of school lunches.

    Design/methodology/approach: In total, 78 focus group discussions were conducted with 10-11-year-old girls and boys (n=457) from schools in Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, which were participating in the Nordic school meal project ProMeal during the school year 2013-2014. A flexible discussion guide and stimulus material in the form of 14 photographs displaying different school lunch contexts were used. The discussions were analyzed using thematic analysis.

    Findings: These Nordic children seem to share the adult-set aim of healthy eating in the school context as a socio-cultural norm. Although healthy eating was constructed as a rational, normative and acceptable way to eat at school, unhealthy eating was emphasized as negotiably acceptable when eaten occasionally and under certain circumstances (e.g. at special occasions). Unhealthy eating also comprised emotionally laden descriptions such as enjoyment and disgust.

    Practical implications: Children's conceptualizations of healthy eating are connected to nutritional, socio-cultural, emotional and normative dimensions, which should be reflected also when developing nutrition education in school.

    Originality/value: The need for research exploring children's experiences of, and understandings about, school lunch motivated this unique multicenter study with a large number of participating children. In the focus groups a child-oriented, photo-elicitation method was used.

  • 35.
    Bergh, Kurt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Kost, gener och träning är nyckeln till ökad prestation2005In: Svensk idrottsmedicin, ISSN 1103-7652, Vol. 24, no 2, p. 4-9Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    Kosten kan liksom fysisk aktivitet påverka våra gener. Gentranskriptionen påverkas olika beroende på kostens sammansättning och med rätt kunskap kan kosten öka den fysiska prestationsförmågan och göra återhämtningen mer effektiv.

  • 36. Berglund, O
    et al.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Nygren, Charlotte
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Taljedal, I B
    Effects of diets rich and poor in fibres on the development of hereditary diseases in mice1982In: Acta Endocrinologica, Vol. 100, no 4, p. 556-564Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 37.
    Bergman, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Gustafsson, Camilla
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Svenska dietister ställer diagnos: Nutritionsdiagnoser en del av nutritionsbehandlingsprocessen, en kvantitativ studie ur ett dietistperspektiv2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background The Nutrition care process is a systematic, problem-solving approach with a standardized language used by dietitians for documentation. It stimulates dietitians to critically appraise and take evidence-based decisions on a patient's nutritional problems. The Swedish Association of Clinical Dietitians (DRF) appeals qualified dietitians to work according the NCP.

    Objective The aim was to study Swedish dietitians’ work with nutrition diagnosis according to the NCP.

    Method(s) A web-based questionnaire was developed. Dietitians was recruited through the social media Facebook and the DRF website. The collected data were processed in SPSS, analyzed by Chi-2-test and Correlate Bivariate Spearman, with significance level at p < 0.05.

    Results A total of 119 dietitians responded to the questionnaire and 103 (87 %) of the respondents wrote nutrition diagnosis. The respondents had on average worked with the NCP for 2 years (range 1-3 years), and over half worked in hospitals. There was a correlation between years working according to the NCP and the number of written diagnosis (r=-0.197, p=0.046). Also, the time for writing a nutritional diagnosis was reduced as the experience of working with NCP increased (r=-0.226, p=0.022). It was 60 % that thought their knowledge and experience in NCP could be improved, 89 % stated that the NCP was useful. The English in the reference sheets 48 % of the respondents said partly was difficult to understand and (n=13) wanted them to be translated into Swedish. It showed that more than half (53 %) of the dietitians sometimes composed PES-statements without finding the appropriate signs/symptoms in the reference sheet.

    Conclusion Swedish dietitians consider themselves to be in need of more knowledge and training in the NCP, and translations of the reference sheets would possibly increase the use of nutrition diagnosis. A further implementation of the NCP is needed in Sweden.

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  • 38.
    Bergman, Frida
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Wahlström, Viktoria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Stomby, Andreas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Otten, Julia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Lanthén, Ellen
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Renklint, Rebecka
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Waling, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Sörlin, Ann
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy.
    Boraxbekk, Carl-Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
    Wennberg, Patrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Öhberg, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics.
    Levine, James A.
    Department of Endocrinology, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Fondation IPSEN, Paris, France.
    Olsson, Tommy
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Treadmill workstations in office workers who are overweight or obese: a randomised controlled trial2018In: The Lancet Public Health, ISSN 2468-2667, Vol. 3, no 11, article id e523-e535Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Treadmill workstations that enable office workers to walk on a treadmill while working at their computers might increase physical activity in offices, but long-term effects are unknown. We therefore investigated whether treadmill workstations in offices increased daily walking time.

    Methods: We did a randomised controlled trial of healthy office workers who were either overweight or obese. We recruited participants from 13 different companies, which comprised 17 offices, in Umeå, Sweden. We included people who were aged 40-67 years, had sedentary work tasks, and had a body-mass index (BMI) between 25 kg/m2 and 40 kg/m2. After the baseline measurement, we stratified participants by their BMI (25-30 kg/m2 and >30 to 40 kg/m2); subsequently, an external statistician randomly assigned these participants (1:1) to either the intervention group (who received treadmill workstations for optional use) or the control group (who continued to work at their sit-stand desks as usual). Participants in the intervention group received reminders in boosting emails sent out to them at four occasions during the study period. Researchers were masked to group assignment until after analysis of the primary outcome. After the baseline measurement, participants were not masked to group belongings. The primary outcome was total daily walking time at weekdays and weekends, measured at baseline, 2 months, 6 months, 10 months, and 13 months with the accelerometer activPAL (PAL Technologies, Glasgow, UK), which was worn on the thigh of participants for 24 h a day for 7 consecutive days. We used an intention-to-treat approach for our analyses. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01997970, and is closed to new participants.

    Findings: Between Nov 1, 2013, and June 30, 2014, a total of 80 participants were recruited and enrolled (n=40 in both the intervention and control groups). Daily walking time during total time awake at weekdays increased between baseline and 13 months by 18 min (95% CI 9 to 26) in the intervention group and 1 min (-7 to 9) in the control group (difference 22 min [95% CI 7 to 37], pinteraction=0·00045); for weekend walking, the change from baseline to 13 months was 5 min (-8 to 18) in the intervention group and 8 min (-5 to 21) in the control group (difference -1 min [-19 to 17]; pinteraction=0·00045). Neither measure met our predetermined primary outcome of 30 min difference in total walking time between the intervention and control group, so the primary outcome of the trial was not met. One adverse event was reported in a participant who accidently stepped on their Achilles tendon.

    Interpretation: In a sedentary work environment, treadmill workstations result in a statistically significant but smaller-than-expected increase in daily walking time. Future studies need to investigate how increasing physical activity at work might have potentially compensatory effects on non-work activity.

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  • 39.
    Bergqvist, Lisa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Livsmedelsval vid vegankost: Intagsfrekvenser av livsmedel och kosttillskott2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background On a vegan diet it is important to make sure that one receives the nutrients that the body needs; for example vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, calcium, iodine and selenium. Few studies are made on food choices and food intake frequencies among people on a vegan diet.

    Objective To investigate food choices and intake frequencies of food and nutritional supplements among adults on a vegan diet in Sweden.

    Methods The objective was investigated by using a web based questionnaire. The web based questionnaire was published on the website Facebook. The criteria for inclusion were to be on a vegan diet, ≥18 years old and live in Sweden. Frequency tables, cross tables and Chi square test were used when analyzing data.

    Results The questionnaire was answered by 335 informants. Most of the informants chose organic foodstuffs. Pulses were eaten by 91 percent a few times a week or more often. Out of the participants 45 percent took vitamin D supplements a few times a week or more often. People who were ≥30 years were more likely to take omega-3 supplements compared to younger people (p<0.001). University-educated people took omega-3 supplements (p=0.034) and ate whole grain products (p=0.035) more frequently than the ones without university education. Informants who had lived on a vegan diet >3 years took omega-3 supplements more often than the ones who had lived on a vegan diet ≤3 years (p=0.002).

    Conclusion Many of the informants had a high intake frequency of nutritious foodstuffs, but some had a low intake frequency. An age >30 years, university education and being on a vegan diet for ≥3 years positively affected intake. Many informants took supplements of algae oil. It is important to make sure that proper dietary advice is given to people on a vegan diet.

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  • 40.
    Björk, Amanda
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Lindblom, Linnea
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Valet av kostundersökningsmetod påverkar resultatet: En jämförelse mellan frekvensenkäter och kostregistreringar där barns intag av energi och vitamin D studerats2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund Frekvensenkät (FFQ) och kostregistrering är två vanliga kostundersökningsmetoder. För varje metod finns det felkällor och idag finns ingen fulländad kostundersökningsmetod. Genom att undersöka skillnader mellan kostundersökningsmetoder ökar förståelsen för att metoderna kan ge olika resultat. Vid kostundersökningar då näringsintag som t.ex. intag av vitamin D studeras, är det viktigt att ta hänsyn till energiintag. Detta för att ett missvisande energiintag kan ge ett felaktigt näringsintag.

    Syfte Syftet med studien var att jämföra eventuella skillnader mellan FFQ’s och kostregistreringar där barns intag av energi och vitamin D studerats.

    Metod FFQ där intaget av livsmedel uppskattades per månad, vecka eller dag och en vägd kostregistrering under tre dagar användes för att undersöka barns intag av energi och vitamin D. Barnen var mellan 5-8 år. Resultaten från de två metoderna jämfördes med varandra. Data analyserades i SPSS 22.0. Wilcoxon signed-rank test och correlate bivariate Spearman användes för att hitta skillnader respektive samband mellan resultaten från metoderna.

    Resultat Tjugosju FFQ’s jämfördes med 27 kostregistreringar. Medelåldern för barnen var 6 år och fyra månader. Det fanns en skillnad från uppskattningen av det totala intaget av vitamin D mellan de olika metoderna (p=0,001). Medelvärdet av intaget vitamin D från FFQ’s var 7,4 μg och 5,2 μg från kostregistreringarna. Enligt FFQ’s nådde sex barn det rekommenderade intaget (10 μg) av vitamin D. Inget barn nådde rekommendationen enligt kostregistreringarna. Intaget av fet fisk respektive intaget av mjölk 3% uppskattades i två fall lika mellan båda metoderna. Hos övriga deltagare skiljde sig intaget av alla livsmedel mellan kostundersökningsmetoderna.

    Slutsats Undersökningen visade signifikanta skillnader i resultaten av barns intag av vitamin D mellan FFQ’s och kostregistreringarna. Av den anledningen konkluderar vi att valet av kostundersökningsmetod påverkar resultatet. Eftersom FFQ´s visar ett medelintag över en längre tid kunde FFQ´s i den här studien med fördel använts som enda undersökningsmetod.

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  • 41.
    Blåfield, Ida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    A time travel for school meals in United Kingdom: Ideas and opinions about school meals in UK-media between 2000 and 20142015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background Starting from September 2014, all children aged four to seven received their school lunches for free in the UK, to increase healthy eating and decrease obesity.

    Aim To investigate how school meals (especially school lunches) were depicted in different newspapers in the UK, from 2000 to 2014 when free school meals were introduced.

    Method Four newspapers in the UK between the years 2000 and 2014 were chosen for the study. In total, 616 texts were found from which 426 were analysed. A combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis of articles and letters to press was made in several steps. The texts were read and grouped into several main messages/contents. These were grouped into subjects and put together in timelines to show when and how much they were depicted in media during the studied years. Finally the subjects were grouped into topics, to show the main focus during the time period.

    Result During the years 2000 to 2014 several topics related to school meals were discussed. Among these were both positivity and negativity towards Jamie Oliver’s school food campaign, unhealthy packed lunches, the ban of packed lunches, ban of going outside schools on school breaks and the free school meals plan and free school meals for all children aged four to seven. The free school meals and texts related to economy were the most discussed during these years. In the study it was possible to see that Jamie Oliver have been a big part of the results of free school meals for the children between four and seven.

    Conclusion A long process could be seen progressing until free meals were given to all schoolchildren aged four to seven. There were regulations and actions towards better school meals and encouragements for children to choose the healthier foods. It is possible that people became more and more aware about health and school meals, and the relation between these over the years. 

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  • 42.
    Blåfield, Ida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Livsmedelstillsyn och Oivahymy: Vasa stads café- och restaurangägares åsikter2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Denna uppsats skrevs på uppdrag av Vasa stads miljöavdelning. Livsmedelsinspektörer som arbetar i Vasa upplever att café- och restaurangägare har bristfälliga egenkontrollprogram samt svårt att förstå protokoll som följer inspektioner. Dessutom har en negativ inställning till tillsynsavgifter uppmärksammats. I Finland kommer ett system som heter Oivahymy att införas våren 2013. Systemet innebär att livsmedelstillsynens resultat ska offentliggöras, både på internet och via märkning vid ingången till restaurangen. Detta vill livsmedelsinspektörerna studera åsikter kring. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka vilken inställning och kunskap Vasa stads café- och restaurangägare har till livsmedelstillsynen samt Oivahymy systemet. Ett annat syfte är att undersöka skillnader mellan stora och små alternativt äldre och yngre caféer och restauranger. Metod: En enkätundersökning genomfördes. Det delades ut 108 enkäter, varav 48 enkäter besvarades. Data bearbetades och analyserades i SPSS version 21.0 samt Excel. Chi-två test och Fishers exakta test användes för att analysera om det fanns skillnader mellan grupper. Signifikansnivån sattes till p<0,05. Resultat: Överlag var café- och restaurangägarna positivt inställda till livsmedelstillsynen. De ansåg även att de hade ett bra egenkontrollprogram. Verksamhetsägarna överlag önskade att de skulle få mer information av livsmedelsinspektörerna angående förändringar inom tillsynen. Det framkom även att majoriteten av respondenterna inte visste vad Oivahymy systemet var och av de som visste, var de flesta positivt inställda till systemet. Inga skillnader mellan stora och små alternativt äldre och yngre caféer och restauranger fanns. Slutsats: Slutsatserna bör granskas kritiskt på grund av lågt antal respondenter. Undersökningen visade att verksamhetsägare var positivt inställda till livsmedelsinspektioner. Verksamhetsägarna visste inte mycket om Oivahymy systemet. Innan Oivahymy systemet kommer igång skulle det vara bra med mer utgående information om systemet.

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  • 43.
    Bohm, Ingela
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    "We're made of meat, so why should we eat vegetables?": food discourses in the school subject home and consumer studies2016Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Food has many different functions. On a physical level, it is needed to survive and to maintain health, but it also has many social, psychological, and emotional meanings. For example, food is used to build relationships, to mark hierarchies, to celebrate holidays, and to influence mood and self-image. Different foods have different cultural meanings, and people are socialized from an early age to recognize and utilize their symbolic value.

    One arena where food occupies a central position is the Swedish school subject Home and Consumer Studies (HCS), which focuses on both the physical and the psychosocial dimensions of food-related health. Since these dimensions are not always compatible, the aim of this dissertation was to explore how students and teachers of HCS use big 'D' Discourses to talk about and handle food, with a special focus on vegetables, meat, vegetarian food, and sweet foods.

    Methods: Fifty-nine students and five teachers were observed, recorded, and in some cases video-taped. Participants’ talk about vegetables, meat, vegetarian food, and sweet foods was transcribed verbatim and analysed for big 'D' Discourses.

    Results: Students mostly based their choice of vegetables on sensory and cultural Discourses. Some vegetables were mandatory and others were optional, depending on whether or not they were part of a recipe or a cultural tradition. The health Discourse was only used if a specific assignment demanded it, and was closely tied to the evaluation Discourse.

    Contrary to the sometimes optional status of vegetables, meat was seen as central in the sensory, cultural, health, and social Discourses. Therefore the reduction of meat could be problematic. It was regarded as simultaneously healthy and unhealthy, and it could elicit disgust, but whenever participants talked about decreasing meat consumption, its centrality was invoked as a counterargument.

    As an extension of this, vegetarian food was seen as 'empty', deviant, and an unattainable ideal. Access to vegetarian food was limited for meat-eaters, and vegetarians were othered in both positive and negative ways. When vegetarian food was cooked during lessons, it was constructed as something out of the ordinary.

    Sweet foods could be viewed as a treasure, as something dangerous and disgusting, or as an unnecessary extra. Home-made varieties were seen as superior. Sweet foods gave social status to both students and teachers, and they could be traded or given away to mark relationships and hierarchies, but also withheld and used to police others.

    Conclusion: In summary, two powerful potential opposites met in the HCS classroom: the Discourses of normality (sensory, cultural, and social Discourses), and the Discourses of responsibility (health and evaluation). Normality could make physically healthy food choices difficult because of participants' social identity, the conflicted health Discourse, and too-strict ideals. On the other hand, some people were excluded from normality itself, notably vegetarians, who were seen as deviant eaters, and teachers, who had to balance state-regulated goals in HCS against local norms.

    To counteract such problems, teachers can 1) focus on sensory experiences, experimental cooking methods, and already popular foods, 2) challenge normality by the way they speak about and handle different types of food, 3) make cooking and eating more communal and socially inclusive, 4) explore the psychosocial dimension of health on the same level as the physical dimension, and 5) make sure they do not grade students' cultural backgrounds, social identities, or taste preferences. This might go some way towards empowering students to make informed choices about food and health. However, scant resources of things like time, money, and equipment limit what can be achieved in the subject.

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  • 44.
    Bohm, Ingela
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Hörnell, Agneta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Gun, Åbacka
    Bengs, Carita
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    “You’re a sugar addict!”: Sweetness and Health in Home and Consumer StudiesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Because of possible contradictions between physical and psychosocial health, sweet foods can create social tension in home economics. To explore this tension, we observed 59 students and five teachers during 26 lessons. Discourse analysis of naturally occurring talk indicated four big ‘D’ Discourses about sweet foods, namely the coveted treasure, the superiority of the homemade, danger/disgust and the unnecessary extra. The treasure Discourse could spark conflict because of demands on extreme fairness or perfect results. It could also be used to mark both good and bad relationships. The unnecessary extra, home-made and danger/disgust Discourses could be used to stigmatize others and mark superiority. There was also a risk of demonizing sweet foods without offering realistic alternatives. To avoid this, teachers can a) tone down the focus on results, b) make sure students share their sweet foods with everyone, c) balance the negative aspects of simple carbohydrates with a more holistic, psychosocial view of the role of sugar in the human diet, and d) give the students concrete tools to create healthy snacks.

  • 45.
    Bohm, Ingela
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Lindblom, Cecilia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Åbacka, Gun
    Bengs, Carita
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    Hörnell, Agneta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Absence, deviance and unattainable ideals: Discourses on vegetarianism in the Swedish school subject Home and Consumer Studies2016In: Health Education Journal, ISSN 0017-8969, E-ISSN 1748-8176, Vol. 75, no 6, p. 676-688Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: This study aimed to describe Discourses on vegetarian food in the Swedish school subject Home and Consumer Studies. Design: The study involved the observation of naturally occurring classroom talk, with audio recording and in some cases video-taping. Setting: The study was conducted during Home and Consumer Studies lessons in five different northern Swedish schools. Method: Fifty-nine students and five teachers were observed, recorded and in some cases video-taped. The resulting data were analysed with a focus on big 'D' Discourses. Results: Results indicated that gendered Discourses of absence, deviance and unattainability restricted some students' access to vegetarian food. The absence of meat was constructed as simultaneously healthy and unhealthy, a lack of cultural familiarity with vegetarian cooking made finding recipes difficult and students perceived the loss of taste as very negative. The vegetarian was seen as deviant, with vegetarianism being conceptually equated with sickness. Access to meat-free food required a commitment to a vegetarian lifestyle, and this was seen as a sacrifice and as too much work, not only for the individual but also for others. Conclusion: To counteract the restricted access to vegetarian food, Home and Consumer Studies teachers can redesign activities in the subject with the help of critical food literacy. For example, cooking could focus on popular plant-based dishes instead of 'empty' vegetarian themes, all students could be allowed to share vegetarian dishes instead of reserving them for vegetarians, the possibly strict rules of vegetarianism could be relaxed for those who do not wish to commit to them and vegetarian food could be deliberately connected to strength and masculinity. However, this presupposes sufficient economic resources and ample food storage space.

  • 46.
    Bohm, Ingela
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Lindblom, Cecilia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Åbacka, Gun
    Vasa Faculty of Education, Åbo Akademi University, Vasa, Finland.
    Bengs, Carita
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    Hörnell, Agneta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    "He just has to like ham": the centrality of meat in home and consumer studies2015In: Appetite, ISSN 0195-6663, E-ISSN 1095-8304, Vol. 95, p. 101-112Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aimed to describe Discourses on meat in the school subject Home and Consumer Studies in five different northern Swedish schools. Fifty-nine students and five teachers from five different schools were recorded and in some cases video-taped during lessons. Results indicate that meat was seen as central to nutritional health, sensory experience, culture and social relationships. This positive view was challenged by an alternative Discourse where meat was threatening to health, sensory experience and psychological comfort, but this was not strong enough to affect centrality. Even when participants sought to promote the health advantages of reducing meat consumption, the dominant centrality Discourse was strengthened. This implies that the possible tension between physical and psychosocial/emotional health can make the benefits of a reduction difficult both to convey and accept. A form of critical food literacy may help teachers deconstruct the arbitrary power of the centrality Discourse, but it may also strengthen meat-eater identities because the social norms that guide food choice become salient. A redesign of Discourses might facilitate a reduction in meat consumption, but such a paradigm shift is dependent on the development of society as a whole, and can only be briefly touched upon within the limited timeframes and resources of Home and Consumer Studies.

  • 47.
    Bohm, Ingela
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Lindblom, Cecilia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Åbacka, Gun
    Hörnell, Agneta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    'Don't give us an assignment where we have to use spinach!': food choice and discourse in home and consumer studies2016In: International Journal of Consumer Studies, ISSN 1470-6423, E-ISSN 1470-6431, Vol. 40, no 1, p. 57-65Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to describe classroom Discourses about vegetables during the planning, cooking, eating and evaluation of meals in the Swedish school subject Home and Consumer Studies. Fifty-nine students and five teachers were recruited from five northern Swedish villages and towns, and then observed, recorded and in some cases video-taped during lessons that took place between 2010 and 2012. Based on 56 instances of talk about vegetables, four Discourses were identified and related to the three aspects of Belasco's culinary triangle of contradictions: identity, responsibility and convenience. The results indicated that the identity-based sensory and cultural Discourses sometimes clashed with the more responsibility-oriented health and evaluation Discourses. The health Discourse was only used when there was an element of evaluation, with assignments connected to grades. In all other cases, the sensory and cultural Discourses guided vegetable use. Sometimes different sensory or cultural assumptions could clash with each other, for example when the teacher insisted on the use of a specific recipe regardless of a student's taste preferences. Since these preferences did not always harmonize with curricular demands for responsibility, there might be a risk of basing grades on aspects of students' identity. Alternatively, students might feel constrained to argue against their own identity in order to be favourably evaluated. Then again, if teachers always bow to student tastes, this limits their chances of learning about food and physical health. Viewing the dilemma through the lens of the culinary triangle of contradictions may help teachers and researchers develop teaching methods that take all aspects of food choice into account.

  • 48.
    Boraxbekk, Carl-Johan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS).
    Stomby, Andreas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Ryberg, Mats
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Lindahl, Bernt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Larsson, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Göteborgs Universitet.
    Nyberg, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI).
    Olsson, Tommy
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Diet-Induced Weight Loss alters Functional Brain Responses during an Episodic Memory Task2015In: Obesity Facts, ISSN 1662-4025, E-ISSN 1662-4033, Vol. 8, p. 261-272Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: It has been suggested that overweight is negatively associated with cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a reduction in body weight by dietary interventions could improve episodic memory performance and alter associated functional brain responses in overweight and obese women. Methods: 20 overweight postmenopausal women were randomized to either a modified paleolithic diet or a standard diet adhering to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations for 6 months. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain function during an episodic memory task as well as anthropometric and biochemical data before and after the interventions. Results: Episodic memory performance improved significantly (p = 0.010) after the dietary interventions. Concomitantly, brain activity increased in the anterior part of the right hippocampus during memory encoding, without differences between diets. This was associated with decreased levels of plasma free fatty acids (FFA). Brain activity increased in pre-frontal cortex and superior/middle temporal gyri. The magnitude of increase correlated with waist circumference reduction. During episodic retrieval, brain activity decreased in inferior and middle frontal gyri, and increased in middle/superior temporal gyri. Conclusions: Diet-induced weight loss, associated with decreased levels of plasma FFA, improves episodic memory linked to increased hippocampal activity.

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  • 49.
    Borg, Rebecca
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Johansson, Alexandra
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    I en djungel av kost- och hälsobudskap, var finner ungdomar sin sanning?: En kvantitativ enkätstudie2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund Unga vuxna har en sämre kosthållning än övriga befolkningen. Ett enormt informationsflöde gör det svårt att avgöra vilken information som är sann, vilket kan påverka livsmedelsval och befolkningens framtida hälsa.

    Syfte Syftet med studien var att utforska ungdomars val av informationskällor när det gäller kost och hälsa och hur de värderar dessa.

    Metod En enkätundersökning genomfördes på tre gymnasieskolor i tre svenska städer. Målgruppen var ungdomar mellan 15–20 år. Enkäten bestod av 20 frågor och besvarades av 134 deltagare. Resultatet analyserades med Chi-2, ANOVA och Kruskal-Wallis. 

    Resultat Det var mindre än hälften av ungdomarna som sökte eller läste information om kost och hälsa. De informationskällor som ungdomarna använde sig mest av var familj, dokumentärer/filmer och olika hemsidor. Huvudparten av deltagarna tyckte att det var lätt att skilja på reklam, personliga åsikter och vetenskap. Fysisk prestation var en viktig anledning till att deltagarna sökte information om kost vilket även visades i ett samband mellan hög aktivitetsnivå och intresse för kost (p<0,001). En majoritet av deltagarna önskade mer utbildning om kost.

    Slutsats. Vid val av källa prioriterade ungdomarna en upplevd trovärdighet för personen eller dokumentären som förmedlade informationen, att källan var lättillgänglig och hade ett tydligt innehåll. Majoriteten upplevde inga svårigheter med att tolka medias budskap, vilket kan vara problematiskt då inlägg och artiklar ofta vinklas. Om ungdomarna överskattar sin förmåga att tolka media och inte är medvetna om agendan finns risk att de tar till sig felaktiga kostråd. Därför skulle ett större fokus på utbildning inom kost behövas för att ungdomar självständigt ska kunna hitta relevant information om kost men även planera och tillaga närings- och energianpassade måltider. 

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  • 50.
    Borgström, Johanna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Pensionärerna i Kramfors efterlyser mer fantasi i sina matlådor: En enkätstudie2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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