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  • 1.
    Aavik, Ida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Onboarding New Users for Initial Creation of Photo Book in Mobile Application2024Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Photography holds great significance by capturing memories and sharing stories. Today, the average user has around 2,000 photos on their smartphone, many of which go unnoticed. Once Upon is a mobile application launched in 2017, where users can create photo books to collect their memories in a physical book. Observations and previous data from Once Upon show that new users encounter certain challenges when creating their first photo book with the application. This has sparked interest in exploring how onboarding can be used to help new users. Onboarding is a broad term that includes introducing users to a new product or service.

    This study followed the Design Thinking process to create a prototype of an onboarding process that facilitates understanding for new users how to get started with creating their first photo book using the Once Upon mobile application. In the first phase, Empathize, research methods were conducted to identify how users interact with the Once Upon mobile application. The data was further analyzed in order to narrow down the topic and define the problems in the Define phase, employing methods such as personas, user flow diagrams and mind mapping. Subsequently, ideas began to be generated in the next phase, Ideate, where How Might We statements were formulated. These were utilized in two workshops for brainstorming, and then contributed to the initial sketching of different design proposals. The last two phases, Prototype and Test, were performed iteratively to produce prototypes and test them with usability testing.

    It was observed that new users experienced some challenges when creating a photo book for the first time in the application. Among other things, they lacked inspiration, looked in the wrong place for certain functions or did not know how to start from scratch. With this, the focus was placed on the onboarding flow being about introducing users to creating their first photo book with the Once Upon mobile application. Different strategies and types of onboarding had been analyzed, and then some that were deemed suitable for the application were chosen to proceed with. During the tests of the prototypes, a flow was finally chosen that the participants appreciated the most. The result contributed to helping new users get started and get inspired to create their first photo book with the Once Upon mobile application, through the creation of a design proposal of an onboarding process.

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  • 2.
    Abbasi, Jasim Aftab
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Test of Rapid Control System Development using TargetLink2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this thesis is to employ and evaluate an evaluation board with the standard microprocessor freescale MPC5554EVB board for implementation of control algorithms which are created in Matlab/Simulink instead of using dSPACE prototyping hardware. The Simulink real-time model shall be compiled to the MPC5554EVB board. TargetLink is a powerful software tool which allows an automatic generation of efficient C code from Simulink and facilitates model-based control design. The goal of this thesis is to learn how to use TargetLink in a control design workflow from model to real code and what are the limitations of a microprocessor platform and to evaluate the capabilities of TargetLink to generate a working code for a generic microprocessor.

  • 3.
    Abd Alrahman, Chadi
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
    Khodabakhsh, Amir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
    Schmidt, Florian M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Qu, Zhechao
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Foltynowicz, Aleksandra
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
    Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy of high-temperature H2O in a flame2014In: Optics Express, E-ISSN 1094-4087, Vol. 22, no 11, p. 13889-13895Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We demonstrate near-infrared cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy of water in a premixed methane/air flat flame. The detection system is based on an Er:fiber femtosecond laser, a high finesse optical cavity containing the flame, and a fast-scanning Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS). High absorption sensitivity is obtained by the combination of a high-bandwidth two-point comb-cavity lock and auto-balanced detection in the FTS. The system allows recording high-temperature water absorption spectra with a resolution of 1 GHz and a bandwidth of 50 nm in an acquisition time of 0.4 s, with absorption sensitivity of 4.2 x 10 (9) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) per spectral element.

  • 4.
    Abduljalel, Viyan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Improving post-productionfeedback process2020Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The process of producing entertaining video and films is complicated and time consuming. One of the complicated parts of post-production of entertaining content is getting feedback and reviewing the draft edit. After the filming process of a series or a film completed, the editors start working on the cut materials. This is a stage in the process where the editor will get their cut reviewed and receive feedback from different teams on the rough-cut or editor cuts. Today the review and the feedback between the editor and reviewer is done online directly through email.

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  • 5.
    Abdulkader, Ammar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Förseningar i byggprojektering och hur de kan förebyggas2023Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Idag är förseningar inom byggbranschen vanliga och orsakar problem och konsekvenser i byggprojekt. När ett projekt blir försenat uppstår extra kostnader för projektägaren, entreprenören eller båda parter. Med andra ord innebär förseningar ekonomiska förluster och skapar en stressig arbetsmiljö för alla inblandade aktörer och projektmedlemmar. I detta examensarbete identifieras betydande risker som kan orsaka förseningar i projekteringsfasen av byggprocessen, samt presenteras lösningar för att förebygga dem.

    Byggprocessen består av fyra faser: förstudie, projektering, produktion och överlämning. Projekteringsfasen är ett av de viktigaste stegen i byggprocessen och har stor betydelse för att förebygga förseningar. I denna fas utformas och ritas byggnader, och bygghandlingar tas fram med konstruktionsritningar, tekniska lösningar och beskrivningar upprättas för att styra hela byggprocessen.

    Detta arbete fokuserar på förseningar i själva projekteringsfasen och dess påverkan på hela projektet, samt hur de kan förebyggas. Arbetet består av en teoretisk och en praktisk del. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka orsakerna till förseningar inom projekteringsfasen och att hantera dem på bästa sätt genom att utveckla riskhanteringen. Orsakerna kan vara ofullständig information, förändringar i projektspecifikationer och tekniska problem. Teorin bygger på litteratur om projektering i byggprocessen för att ge en bred kunskapsbas om projektering innan den praktiska delen genomförs. Den praktiska delen baseras på intervjuer med erfarna projektledare inom projektering som har varit involverade i olika försenade projekteringsprocesser. Resultatet presenterar projektledarens svar angående orsakerna till förseningarna i de två projekten. I diskussionen jämförs och analyseras resultaten med teorin, vilket visar att sjukdomar och bristande kommunikation, tillsammans med andra risker, kan vara orsaker till förseningar i projekteringsfasen. Förbättringsförslag inkluderar att skapa en trygg och hälsosam arbetsmiljö som en viktig faktor för projektets framgång, genom att anlita ytterligare konsulter från andra företag vid arbetsbelastning och erbjuda avkopplande aktiviteter som exempelvis spa-besök när det behövs. Andra förslag innefattar att lägga extra tid på riskanalys för att identifiera potentiella problem samt att etablera en kommunikationsmetod för grupper, såsom en grupp på Messenger eller en annan applikation, där all information om projektet regelbundet delas.

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  • 6.
    Abed, Ahmed Ghafel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Energieffektivisering vid renovering av Lamellhus på Mariehemsvägen2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In Sweden more houses than ever before are being built, and the house production is moving forward. At the same time, awareness of the energy use of buildings and its accompanying impacts on climate and sustainability are increasing. Therefore, Boverket constantly raises the demands for the energy performance of newly built and refurbished buildings.

    According to current requirements from Boverket (BBR, 2017), the primary energy value for apartment buildings may not be more than 85 kWh per square meter of tempered floor space and year. This also applies according to future requirements in 2021, but with the difference that the average U-value will decrease from 0.4 to 0.35 W/m2 K which means that apartment buildings must be built in an efficient way to reduce energy use. A large part of new construction and newly refurbished apartment buildings must then implement energy efficiency measures on their buildings to meet future requirements.

    This degree project has been carried out in collaboration with Rikshem AB who wants to investigate the impact of various energy efficiency measures on their apartment building ”Lamellhus”. The aim is to theoretically reduce apartment buildings ”Lamellhusets” specific energy use from 187,4 to 70 kWh/m2 Atemp, year and thus reduce the primary energy enough to meet future requirements according to BBR near-zero energy building.

    To theoretically reduce specific energy use and thus primary energy value, the project through manual calculations and with the help of computer tools examined various energy efficiency measures on the building's construction and installation system.

    The results show that the measures on the property climate shell are sufficient to meet the requirements. If all the measures according to package 1 or 2 on the design are combined, specific energy use according to BBR 16 (2010) will be at 83-94 kWh/m2 Atemp, year and the primary energy value according to BBR 25 (2017) will be at 68-77 kWh/m2 Atemp, year.

    The results also show how much of a building's energy use is ventilated. Replacing the ventilation system from F-systems to FTX-systems on the reference house in the base case, is the measure that gives one of the greatest impacts with a heat saving of (25.5-26.7%). In combination FTX-system with district heating, specific energy consumption can be reduced as low as possible. If the operation with the FTX-system is applied together with the existing district heating and all measures on the construction according to package 1 or 2, this gives a reduction of approximately (70-75 %) compared to the base case corresponding to 42-51 kWh/m2 Atemp, year according to BBR 16 and according to BBR 25, the figures are even lower. If the calculation considers thermal bridges and air leakage in the house, the result will increase.

    The results also show that the investment repays itself after 15-16 years with a simplified payback. With a calculation rate of 5 %, it is profitable over 30-31 years or more, but with a calculation rate of 8 % it is not profitable.

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    Energieffektivisering vid renovering av Lamellhus på Mariehemsvägen
  • 7.
    Abedan Kondori, Farid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Bring Your Body into Action: Body Gesture Detection, Tracking, and Analysis for Natural Interaction2014Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Due to the large influx of computers in our daily lives, human-computer interaction has become crucially important. For a long time, focusing on what users need has been critical for designing interaction methods. However, new perspective tends to extend this attitude to encompass how human desires, interests, and ambitions can be met and supported. This implies that the way we interact with computers should be revisited. Centralizing human values rather than user needs is of the utmost importance for providing new interaction techniques. These values drive our decisions and actions, and are essential to what makes us human. This motivated us to introduce new interaction methods that will support human values, particularly human well-being.

    The aim of this thesis is to design new interaction methods that will empower human to have a healthy, intuitive, and pleasurable interaction with tomorrow’s digital world. In order to achieve this aim, this research is concerned with developing theories and techniques for exploring interaction methods beyond keyboard and mouse, utilizing human body. Therefore, this thesis addresses a very fundamental problem, human motion analysis.

    Technical contributions of this thesis introduce computer vision-based, marker-less systems to estimate and analyze body motion. The main focus of this research work is on head and hand motion analysis due to the fact that they are the most frequently used body parts for interacting with computers. This thesis gives an insight into the technical challenges and provides new perspectives and robust techniques for solving the problem.

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  • 8.
    Abedan Kondori, Farid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Human Motion Analysis for Creating Immersive Experiences2012Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    From an early age, people display the ability to quickly and effortlessly interpret the orientation and movement of human body parts, thereby allowing one to infer the intentions of others who are nearby and to comprehend an important nonverbal form of communication. The ease with which one accomplishes this task belies the difficulty of a problem that has challenged computational systems for decades, human motion analysis.

    Technological developments over years have resulted into many systems for measuring body segment positions and angles between segments. In these systems human body is typically considered as a system of rigid links connected by joints. The motion is estimated by the use of measurements from mechanical, optical, magnetic, or inertial trackers. Among all kinds of sensors, optical sensing encompasses a large and varying collection of technologies.

    In a computer vision context, human motion analysis is a topic that studies methods and applications in which two or more consecutive images from an image sequences, e.g. captured by a video camera, are processed to produce information based on the apparent human body motion in the images.

    Many different disciplines employ motion analysis systems to capture movement and posture of human body for applications such as medical diagnostics, virtual reality, human-computer interaction etc.

    This thesis gives an insight into the state of the art human motion analysissystems, and provides new methods for capturing human motion.

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  • 9.
    Abedan Kondori, Farid
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Liu, Li
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    3D Active Human Motion Estimation for Biomedical Applications2012In: World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering May 26-31, 2012, Beijing, China / [ed] Mian Long, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2012, , p. 4p. 1014-1017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Movement disorders forbid many people from enjoying their daily lives. As with other diseases, diagnosis and analysis are key issues in treating such disorders. Computer vision-based motion capture systems are helpful tools for accomplishing this task. However Classical motion tracking systems suffer from several limitations. First they are not cost effective. Second these systems cannot detect minute motions accurately. Finally they are spatially limited to the lab environment where the system is installed. In this project, we propose an innovative solution to solve the above-mentioned issues. Mounting the camera on human body, we build a convenient, low cost motion capture system that can be used by the patient while practicing daily-life activities. We refer to this system as active motion capture, which is not confined to the lab environment. Real-time experiments in our lab revealed the robustness and accuracy of the system.

  • 10.
    Abedan Kondori, Farid
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Yousefi, Shahrouz
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Smart Baggage in Aviation2011In: 2011 IEEE International Conferences on Internet of Things, and Cyber, Physical and Social Computing / [ed] Feng Xia, Zhikui Chen, Gang Pan, Laurence T. Yang, and Jianhua Ma, Los Alamitos: IEEE Computer Society, 2011, p. 620-623Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nowadays, the Internet has dramatically changed the way people take the normal course of actions. By the recent growth of the Internet, connecting different objects to users through mobile phones and computers is no longer a dream. Aviation industry is one of the areas which have a strong potential to benefit from the Internet of Things. Among many problems related to air travel, delayed and lost luggage are the most common and irritating. Therefore, this paper suggests anew baggage control system, where users can simply track their baggage at the airport to avoid losing them. Attaching a particular pattern on the bag, which can be detected and localized from long distance by an ordinary camera, users are able to track their baggage. The proposed system is much cheaper than previous implementations and does not require sophisticated equipment.

  • 11.
    Abedan Kondori, Farid
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Yousefi, Shahrouz
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Media Technology and Interaction Design.
    Kouma, Jean-Paul
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Liu, Li
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Li, Haibo
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Media Technology and Interaction Design.
    Direct hand pose estimation for immersive gestural interaction2015In: Pattern Recognition Letters, ISSN 0167-8655, E-ISSN 1872-7344, Vol. 66, p. 91-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a novel approach for performing intuitive gesture based interaction using depth data acquired by Kinect. The main challenge to enable immersive gestural interaction is dynamic gesture recognition. This problem can be formulated as a combination of two tasks; gesture recognition and gesture pose estimation. Incorporation of fast and robust pose estimation method would lessen the burden to a great extent. In this paper we propose a direct method for real-time hand pose estimation. Based on the range images, a new version of optical flow constraint equation is derived, which can be utilized to directly estimate 3D hand motion without any need of imposing other constraints. Extensive experiments illustrate that the proposed approach performs properly in real-time with high accuracy. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the system performance in 3D object manipulation On two different setups; desktop computing, and mobile platform. This reveals the system capability to accommodate different interaction procedures. In addition, a user study is conducted to evaluate learnability, user experience and interaction quality in 3D gestural interaction in comparison to 2D touchscreen interaction.

  • 12.
    Abedan Kondori, Farid
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Yousefi, Shahrouz
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Li, Haibo
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Direct three-dimensional head pose estimation from Kinect-type sensors2014In: Electronics Letters, ISSN 0013-5194, E-ISSN 1350-911X, Vol. 50, no 4, p. 268-270Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A direct method for recovering three-dimensional (3D) head motion parameters from a sequence of range images acquired by Kinect sensors is presented. Based on the range images, a new version of the optical flow constraint equation is derived, which can be used to directly estimate 3D motion parameters without any need of imposing other constraints. Since all calculations with the new constraint equation are based on the range images, Z(xyt), the existing techniques and experiences developed and accumulated on the topic of motion from optical flow can be directly applied simply by treating the range images as normal intensity images I(xyt). In this reported work, it is demonstrated how to employ the new optical flow constraint equation to recover the 3D motion of a moving head from the sequences of range images, and furthermore, how to use an old trick to handle the case when the optical flow is large. It is shown, in the end, that the performance of the proposed approach is comparable with that of some of the state-of-the-art approaches that use range data to recover 3D motion parameters.

  • 13.
    Abedan Kondori, Farid
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Yousefi, Shahrouz
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Li, Haibo
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Gesture Tracking for 3D Interaction in Augmented Environments2011Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Abedan Kondori, Farid
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Yousefi, Shahrouz
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Li, Haibo
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Real 3D Interaction Behind Mobile Phones for Augmented Environments2011In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), IEEE conference proceedings, 2011, p. 1-6Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Number of mobile devices such as mobile phones or PDAs has been dramatically increased over the recent years. New mobile devices are equipped with integrated cameras and large displays which make the interaction with device easier and more efficient. Although most of the previous works on interaction between humans and mobile devices are based on 2D touch-screen displays, camera-based interaction opens a new way to manipulate in 3D space behind the device in the camera's field of view. This paper suggests the use of particular patterns from local orientation of the image called Rotational Symmetries to detect and localize human gesture. Relative rotation and translation of human gesture between consecutive frames are estimated by means of extracting stable features. Consequently, this information can be used to facilitate the 3D manipulation of virtual objects in various applications in mobile devices.

  • 15.
    Abedan Kondori, Farid
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Yousefi, Shahrouz
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Li, Haibo
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Sonning, Samuel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Sonning, Sabina
    3D Head Pose Estimation Using the Kinect2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Head pose estimation plays an essential role for bridging the information gap between humans and computers. Conventional head pose estimation methods are mostly done in images captured by cameras. However accurate and robust pose estimation is often problematic. In this paper we present an algorithm for recovering the six degrees of freedom (DOF) of motion of a head from a sequence of range images taken by the Microsoft Kinectfor Xbox 360. The proposed algorithm utilizes a least-squares minimization of the difference between themeasured rate of change of depth at a point and the rate predicted by the depth rate constraint equation. We segment the human head from its surroundings and background, and then we estimate the head motion. Our system has the capability to recover the six DOF of the head motion of multiple people in one image. Theproposed system is evaluated in our lab and presents superior results.

  • 16.
    Abedan Kondori, Farid
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Yousefi, Shahrouz
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Liu, Li
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Active human gesture capture for diagnosing and treating movement disorders2013Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Movement disorders prevent many people fromenjoying their daily lives. As with other diseases, diagnosisand analysis are key issues in treating such disorders.Computer vision-based motion capture systems are helpfultools for accomplishing this task. However Classical motiontracking systems suffer from several limitations. First theyare not cost effective. Second these systems cannot detectminute motions accurately. Finally they are spatially limitedto the lab environment where the system is installed. In thisproject, we propose an innovative solution to solve the abovementionedissues. Mounting the camera on human body, webuild a convenient, low cost motion capture system that canbe used by the patient in daily-life activities. We refer tothis system as active motion capture, which is not confinedto the lab environment. Real-time experiments in our labrevealed the robustness and accuracy of the system.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Active Human Gesture Capture for Diagnosing and Treating Movement Disorders
  • 17.
    Abedan Kondori, Farid
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Yousefi, Shahrouz
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Media Technology and Interaction Design.
    Liu, Li
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Li, Haibo
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Media Technology and Interaction Design.
    Head operated electric wheelchair2014In: IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation (SSIAI 2014), IEEE , 2014, p. 53-56Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Currently, the most common way to control an electric wheelchair is to use joystick. However, there are some individuals unable to operate joystick-driven electric wheelchairs due to sever physical disabilities, like quadriplegia patients. This paper proposes a novel head pose estimation method to assist such patients. Head motion parameters are employed to control and drive an electric wheelchair. We introduce a direct method for estimating user head motion, based on a sequence of range images captured by Kinect. In this work, we derive new version of the optical flow constraint equation for range images. We show how the new equation can be used to estimate head motion directly. Experimental results reveal that the proposed system works with high accuracy in real-time. We also show simulation results for navigating the electric wheelchair by recovering user head motion.

  • 18.
    Abedan Kondori, Farid
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Yousefi, Shahrouz
    Ostovar, Ahmad
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Computing Science.
    Liu, Li
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Li, Haibo
    A Direct Method for 3D Hand Pose Recovery2014In: 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2014, p. 345-350Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a novel approach for performing intuitive 3D gesture-based interaction using depth data acquired by Kinect. Unlike current depth-based systems that focus only on classical gesture recognition problem, we also consider 3D gesture pose estimation for creating immersive gestural interaction. In this paper, we formulate gesture-based interaction system as a combination of two separate problems, gesture recognition and gesture pose estimation. We focus on the second problem and propose a direct method for recovering hand motion parameters. Based on the range images, a new version of optical flow constraint equation is derived, which can be utilized to directly estimate 3D hand motion without any need of imposing other constraints. Our experiments illustrate that the proposed approach performs properly in real-time with high accuracy. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the system performance in 3D object manipulation. This application is intended to explore the system capabilities in real-time biomedical applications. Eventually, system usability test is conducted to evaluate the learnability, user experience and interaction quality in 3D interaction in comparison to 2D touch-screen interaction.

  • 19.
    Abidakun, Olatunde
    et al.
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA.
    Adebiyi, Abdulafeez
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA.
    Valiev, Damir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics. Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of the Ministry of Education of China, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
    Akkerman, V’yacheslav
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
    Impacts of fuel nonequidiffusivity on premixed flame propagation in channels with open ends2021In: Physics of fluids, ISSN 1070-6631, E-ISSN 1089-7666, Vol. 33, article id 013604Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study scrutinizes premixed flame dynamics in micro-channels, thereby shedding light on advanced miniature micro-combustion technologies. While equidiffusive burning (when the Lewis number Le = 1) is a conventional approach adopted in numerous theoretical studies, real premixed flames are typically non-equidiffusive (Le ≠ 1), which leads to intriguing effects, such as diffusional-thermal instability. An equidiffusive computational study [V. Akkerman et al., Combust. Flame 145, 675–687 (2006)] reported regular oscillations of premixed flames spreading in channels having nonslip walls and open extremes. Here, this investigation is extended to nonequidiffusive combustion in order to systematically study the impact of the Lewis number on the flame in this geometry. The analysis is performed by means of computational simulations of the reacting flow equations with fully-compressible hydrodynamics and onestep Arrhenius chemical kinetics in channels with adiabatic and isothermal walls. In the adiabatic channels, which are the main case of study, it is found that the flames oscillate at low Lewis numbers, with the oscillation frequency decreasing with Le, while for the Le > 1 flames, a tendency to steady flame propagation is observed. The oscillation parameters also depend on the thermal expansion ratio and the channel width, although the impacts are rather quantitative than qualitative. The analysis is subsequently extended to the isothermal channels. It is shown that the role of heat losses to the walls is important and may potentially dominate over that of the Lewis number. At the same time, the impact of Le on burning in the isothermal channels is qualitatively weaker than that in the adiabatic channels.

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  • 20.
    Abouhachem, Khalil
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Implementering av Lean Production på Hedson Technologies AB2014Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report is the conclusion of my bachelor degree in mechanical engineering at Umeå University. The report is the result of the work that has been done at Hedson Technologies AB in Malmö. Hedson is the number one on the market for producing wheel washers, dry equipment and car lifts. They have two constructions in Sweden and one in Germany. This work is limited to the building in Malmö, Sweden.

    To continue being the market leading company Hedson have realized that they need to improve the production line. To obtain a more efficient flow companies usually use Lean Production. Lean is a philosophy that permeates the whole company, from supply delivery until the product has reached the customer. The purpose of this thesis is to begin a work within Lean at Hedson. The work is supposed to act as groundwork for a Lean initiative that the company later can build on to get the production as efficient as possible.

    I have through an analysis of the production line and interviews with the market and the product manager shaped an overall picture of how the company operates. I have then done a pilot study and manipulated the information I have gathered to find the optimal course of action for Hedson to begin their work within Lean.

    It was thanks to a great cooperation with the staff of the company that a successful result was possible. Since the production was much unorganized and disordered the implementation of the 5S method was a perfect start for a long and successful journey through Lean Production. At last an introduction to Lean and 5S was done through a presentation to create an understanding at the company.

  • 21.
    Abrahamsson, Eric
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Samuel, Palm
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Optimering av täthetsprovning av ventiler2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Nordhydraulic is a company in Kramfors that manufactures hydraulic valves. Hydraulic valves are used in a variety of areas to control hydraulic machines. For hydraulic valves to function properly, they must be tight. At Nordhydraulic, a leak tester called Nolek S9 N is used to determine if valves are tight. The leak tester fills the valves with a predetermined pressure and then measures the flow of air into the valve required to maintain the pressure.

    Today, this method has major problems with false negative results in the assembly line, which means that tight valves may give a result that indicates leakage and thus can lead to a bottleneck in the assembly. This is because there are many spaces in the valve that are difficult to reach by the air. The purpose of this work was to develop a better program for the Nolek S9 N to be used in the leak test to reduce assembly stops. The development of this program is done by making measurements with different time settings as well as connection methods to find the most important parameters of the program. Then, measurements are made on valves assembly errors and casting errors to see what flow the leakage has at these errors.

    The work resulted in three different programs for the RS210 valve, which in tests in the assembly achieved approved results faster than the previous program and with fewer false negative results. The conclusion is that the developed program could provide an improvement of the leak test and that the current limit for approved leakage can be increased to 50 mm^3/s  without missing the assembly errors that may occur.

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    Optimering av täthetsprovning av ventiler
  • 22.
    Abrahamsson, Erik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Värmeöverföring från smälta till vattenkyld tapputrustning2011Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis work is done on behalf of Boliden Mineral AB at Rönnskärsverken.

    Kopparhyttan is an electric copper furnace for melting of copper concentrates and secondary materials in the form of ashes, metal scrap, crushed matte, slag and sludge.

    Depending on how the input material varies, the chemical composition of the melt will vary as well. Variations in the chemical composition of the melt also imply that the physical properties of the melt vary and the heat transfer between melt and tap block.

    A high heat load on the tap block during tapping of matte, results in increased wear and severe erosion of the tap channel and therefore the need of an understanding of the underlying causes to prevent and if possible avoid the high heat load.

    The completed analysis shows that a high heat load on the tap equipment mainly is associated with the copper content. A lower copper content leads to the melting point is lowered and also reduces the viscosity, leading to an increased mass flow. The increased heat load thus indicate an increased mass flow in combination with a reduced melting point, which means that the freezing of an erosion protective coating of matte on the inside of tapping channel walls becomes more difficult and thus increases the erosion on the tap equipment. Sulphur deficit, which is calculated from a chemical analysis of matte, showed no correlation to a high heat load and no connection between the sulfur deficit and the erosion of the tap equipment were successfully concluded.

    Measures proposed to reduce the wear on the tap equipment are increasing the flow of cooling water and a possible reduction of the tap channel diameter.

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  • 23.
    Abrahamsson, Linus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Kvalitetssäkring av Quick Change™-produkter vid Rototilt Group2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Rototilt Group AB is a company located in Vindeln that produces and sells tiltrotators, machine couplers and other different excavator accessories. Since Rototilt recently launched a new series of products, and is expanding their factory, they have not been able to assign any workforce on the quality assurance of their new products. Therefore, this project aims at ensuring that quality is maintained, and that the verifications process is streamlined.

    The work is based on measuring the time spent on each segment in the verifying process, and to identify the segments that have the largest influence on quality. Thereafter, every type of deviation Rototilt has experienced since launching the Quick Change™ product series was analysed.

    It was found that the verification process takes 17 minutes on average, which is a process time Rototilt is aiming to reduce. A compilation of the deviations since the launching of Quick Change™, indicates that the main problems are product quality and lack of documentation. Based on the analysis of process time and type of deviation, a chart with conceptual solutions forms a solid foundation for implementation, which will result in a winwin situation for the operator as well as the company. One solution that stands out is to invest in quick hydraulic couplers. Another solution is to implement In-Process Verification to ensure the quality instead of the current End of Line Testing method. The analysis indicated which parts were crucial for maintaining the quality, and which were crucial for the efficiency. Recommended concepts are based on minimizing investment costs and efforts for implementation and maximizing improvement of the work environment for the operator.

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  • 24.
    Abrahamsson, Mattias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Elkvalitet på ett industrinät2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    En tung industri har oftast utrustning installerad som kan bidra till övertoner på ett elnät. Samtidigt är oftast elnäten starka inom dessa industrier vilket ska bidra till att reducera spänningsövertonerna som går att finna på respektive fas.Studien har arbetat med de villkor och föreskrifter som gäller både för en ansluten elanläggning till Vattenfalls elnät, men även hur en elkvalitetsmätning ska genomföras och vilka krav som behöver uppfyllas.Åkers Sweden AB, där studien har ägt rum, har induktionsugnar för smältning av metaller. Det förekommer olika tekniska lösningar samt 3 olika fabrikat. Mätningar har genomförts på samtliga dessa fabrikat för att kontrollera om någon av dessa urskiljer sig gentemot de övriga.Genomförda mätningar indikerar att spänningsövertoner förekommer men inte i sådan utsträckning att man inte uppfyller gällande regelverk. Det finns dock anledning till att fortsätta arbetet och utöka mätningarna till övriga objekt inom företaget som inte har ingått i denna studie.Företaget har ett effektabonnemang och en kontroll av detta med avseende på nu gällande effekt och förbrukning under 2015 har genomförts för att kunna ge förslag på eventuella förändringar. Eftersom företaget har ungefär samma produktionsvolym 2016 som 2015 finns anledning till att se över nu gällande avtal för att kunna erhålla en kostnadsreducering.En enkät har skickats ut till samtliga anställda inom företaget med syfte att både upplysa de anställda om vilka kvalitetsproblem som kan förekomma inom ett elnät, men även få en återkoppling på hur de anställda upplever nuvarande situation. Enkäten fick låg svarsfrekvens men svaren som inkom indikerade att de anställda upplever att företaget har en god elkvalitet.

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  • 25.
    Abrahamsson, Max
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Elbussar i Örnsköldsvik: En analys över vad som krävs för att elektrifiera bussarna i tätortstrafiken i Örnsköldsvik.2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    For Sweden to achieve its environmental goals by 2045, municipalities need to reducegreenhouse gas emissions, especially from from the transport sector. Recentmeasurements in Örnsköldsvik have shown poor quality air in the built-up environment.Buses are the vehicle classes that emit, proportionally the most carbon dioxide equivalentgases. The intention is to replace the current city buses with electric vehicles to take asignificant step on the road to zero emissions.When electric buses are planned for a city traffic implementation, you must first establishwhat kind of electric buses you want to use. In Örnsköldsvik, the most relevant alternativestoday are either depot-charged or additional-charged buses.Which of the bus types that the municipality chooses to implement will affect themdifferently. If they choose depot-charged buses, the vehicles will be more expensive, but itwill not be necessary to add as much infrastructure and the circulation plan will not be asaffected as in the other case. In addition, some of the lines are too long to run all day, atsome point during the day a depot-charged bus must be run empty back to the depot to bereplaced by a charged bus. If additional-charging is chosen, the infrastructure will be moreexpensive (though fixed infrastructure has a low total cost compared to the cost of thevehicles as these have a longer depreciation period) and the circulation plan will need somechanges so that the buses have time to charge for a few minutes at the end stops.With current electric bus technology, electric buses should work in Örnsköldsvik’s urbanarea. Most with depot charging, some lines may need additional charging. Minimumrecommendations are made for the depot size, location and electric effect needed. Also,recommendation of piloting with 6 busses rather than taking a “Big bang” approach toimplementation to gain experience.

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  • 26.
    Abrahamsson, Simon
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Ny lösning för uppvärmning av Nordanås provbana2016Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    BAE Systems Hägglunds testbana är belägen i Nordanås nordväst om Örnsköldsvik. Detta projekt hade till avsikt att på BAE Systems förfrågan inventera testanläggningens nuvarande oljebaserade värmesystem för att finna ett mer ekonomiskt och miljövänligt alternativ. Utifrån en omfattande litteraturstudie samt kontakt med flera olika leverantörer, undersöktes vilka eventuella värmesystem som skulle kunna vara intressanta utifrån de krav som fanns i Nordanås.

    De alternativa värmesystemen som ansågs vara tekniskt hållbara var följande; bergvärme med lätt biooljepanna, tung biooljepanna eller pelletspanna; pelletspanna, lätt biooljepanna och tung biooljepanna. Dessa alternativ är de som undersökts noggrant i studien och därefter jämförts med det nuvarande värmesystemet i form av ekonomi och miljöpåverkan.

    I en ekonomisk kalkyl jämfördes de olika alternativens kapitalvärde och återbetalningstid. För att jämföra deras miljöpåverkan skapades en kalkyl som utifrån framtagna värden på olika bränslens utsläpp beräknade varje alternativs förväntade årliga utsläpp i form av koldioxidekvivalenter.

    Slutligen konstaterades att om BAE Systems Hägglunds ska byta ut nuvarande systemet bör man antingen investera i ett bergvärmesystem med en lätt biooljepanna som spetspanna eller en konvertering till lätt biooljepanna. Med priser från den tid då rapporten skrevs skulle alternativet med bergvärme ha en beräknad återbetalningstid på ca 6,4 år och kapitalvärdet 1,0 Mkr. Motsvarande värden för alternativet med enbart en lätt biooljepanna uppgick till 1,0 års återbetalningstid samt 0,8 Mkr i kapitalvärde. Den stora skillnaden i återbetalningstid berodde på bergvärmesystemets höga investeringskostnad. Att investera i ett bergvärmesystem ansågs trots detta som ett bra alternativ på grund av den förväntade prisökningen av eldningsolja.

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    Ny lösning för uppvärmning av Nordanås provbana
  • 27.
    Abugabbara, Marwan
    et al.
    Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Services, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Gehlin, Signhild
    The Swedish Geoenergy Center, Lund, Sweden.
    Lindhe, Jonas
    Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Services, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Alfa Laval Corporate AB, Lund, Sweden.
    Axell, Monica
    RISE Research Institute of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Holm, Daniel
    Vasakronan AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Johansson, Hans
    Umeå ProjektEnergi AB, Umeå, Sweden.
    Larsson, Martin
    RISE Research Institute of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Mattsson, Annika
    Granitor Properties, Malmö, Sweden.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Vasakronan AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Puttige, Anjan Rao
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Berglöf, Klas
    ClimaCheck Sweden AB, Nacka, Sweden.
    Claesson, Johan
    Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Hofmeister, Morten
    Research Center for Built Environment, Energy, Water and Climate, VIA University College, Horsens, Denmark.
    Janson, Ulla
    Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Services, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Jensen, Aksel Wedel Bang
    Region Midtjylland, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Planning, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
    Termén, Jens
    Energy Machines, Gävle, Sweden.
    Javed, Saqib
    Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Services, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    How to develop fifth-generation district heating and cooling in Sweden?: Application review and best practices proposed by middle agents2023In: Energy Reports, E-ISSN 2352-4847, Vol. 9, p. 4971-4983Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden has an ambitious plan to fully decarbonise district heating by 2030 and to contribute with negative emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050. The vagaries of the energy market associated with climate, political, and social changes entail cross-sectoral integration that can fulfill these national targets. Fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) is a relatively new concept of district energy systems that features a simultaneous supply of heating and cooling using power-to-heat technologies. This paper presents best practices for developing 5GDHC systems in Sweden to reach a consensus view on these systems among all stakeholders. A mixed-method combining best practice and roadmapping workshops has been used to disseminate mixed knowledge and experience from middle agents representing industry professionals and practitioners. Four successful implementations of 5GDHC systems are demonstrated and the important learned lessons are shared. The best practices are outlined for system planning, system modeling and simulation, prevailing business models for energy communities, and system monitoring. A roadmap from the middle agents’ point of view is composed and can be utilised to establish industry standards and common regulatory frameworks.

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  • 28.
    Abu-Hamam, Anas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Li, Haibo
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Georgakis, Apostolos
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Understanding Web Users Behaviour From A Web Video Camera2003Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    To develop a Real-Time system, which can capture and track the web user’s head motion. Based on the head motion information, the system should be able to identify whether the user is interested in the current homepage or not. A future system property would be to find out in which area of the homepage the user’s interest is moving.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 29.
    Ackermann, Wilhelm
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    The Impact of Spatial User Interface Integration within Strategy Games: An evaluation of a strategy game’s approachability within diegesis and spatial theory2021Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Diegesis and Spatiality are fundamental to visualization techniques in games. The impact of integrating user interfaces into the game world is a contentious issue between minimizing the heads-up display or maximizing functionality above realism. Previous studies have shown conflicting results determining what approach is better, but these studies have focused on conventional genres like the First Person Shooter. Strategy games, or more specifically, the grand strategy genre, is different in perspective and role of the player, as the genre places a heavier emphasis on panel elements than other genres. In this paper, we created two similar prototypes that differed in their focus on integration or superimposition. We then evaluated their impact on performance and the user experiences. The results showed that strictly spatial integration attributed to negative results, but diegetic integration was better received. Additionally, we identified several areas where implementing diegetic interfacing in grand strategy games is different from other genres of games. Finally, we gave recommendations to enhance the strengths and overcome the limitations of diegetic interfacing in grand strategy games.

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  • 30.
    Adam, Nyström
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Energideklarationsanalys: En inblick i energiläget i Umeå kommun2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the year 2018 the housing and service-sector accounted for 40% of the total use of energy in Sweden. Great adjustments and energy-technical actions are necessary to reduce the emissions from this sector. By analyzing the energy-use in buildings on a local scale through compilation of energy-declaration-data an overall look of the energy consumption is achieved. With this insight the work becomes easier to plan how the emissions from the housing and service-sector is supposed to be reduced with energy-efficient measures.

    The aim of this report is to investigate the energy-use in apartment buildings in Umeå kommun through analysis of energy-declaration-data. The goal is to present an overall look at the energy-use in the municipality and to present the measures that is needed to reduce the use of energy in apartment buildings.

    The work initiated by submitting a research certificate to Boverket to gain access to energy-declaration-data of buildings in the municipality. Five models were created by calculating the average value for different parameters in the data. The first model is based on the mean values for every apartment building in the data. The remaining four models were created with the average value for different parameters for apartment buildings with an energy-classification of D, E, F and G. Parameters such as heating system, ventilation system and the proposed energy-efficient measures were analyzed for each model. The models were simulated in an energy-program called BV2. The most frequent occurring energy-efficient measures in the data were applied to the models to calculate the potential reduction of energy consumption in the buildings. The energy use, carbon dioxide emissions and the primary-energy-value were calculated for each model after the energy-efficient measures were simulated.

    The distribution of energy-classification of the analyzed apartment buildings in Umeå kommun differs from the Swedish national compilation (Created by Boverket) according to the data. The number of buildings with an energy-classification of F and G is percental lower in Umeå compared to the national compilation. An average apartment building in Umeå has an energy-classification of E and uses 87.3 kWh/m2, year for heating purposes. The use of real estate electricity was calculated to an average of 16,7 kWh/m2, year. The most frequent occurring heating system in the data was district heating and the most frequent ventilation system was FTX. An apartment building in Umeå emits 6,43 kg CO2-e/m2, year on average. By analyzing the data and through calculations the result showed that by adjusting the heating system a yearly saving corresponding to 2 – 4% could be achieved. By installing water saving equipment in the apartments a potential saving corresponding to 3 – 8% could be achieved.

    Existing buildings should be renovated with application of energy-efficient engineering techniques in the same pace as new buildings are built. To reach carbon neutrality to the year 2040 a lot must be done to the existing building stock. Through compilation of energy-declaration-data and analysis an insight of the energy related problems could be located and improved.

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  • 31.
    Adebiyi, Abdulafeez
    et al.
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA.
    Alkandari, Rawan
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA.
    Valiev, Damir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics. Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of the Ministry of Education of China, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
    Akkerman, V’yacheslav
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
    Effect of surface friction on ultrafast flame acceleration in obstructed cylindrical pipes2019In: AIP Advances, E-ISSN 2158-3226, Vol. 9, no 3, article id 035249Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Bychkov model of ultrafast flame acceleration in obstructed tubes [Valiev et al., "Flame Acceleration in Channels with Obstacles in the Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition," Combust. Flame 157, 1012 (2010)] employed a number of simplifying assumptions, including those of free-slip and adiabatic surfaces of the obstacles and of the tube wall. In the present work, the influence of free-slip/non-slip surface conditions on the flame dynamics in a cylindrical tube of radius R, involving an array of parallel, tightly-spaced obstacles of size αR, is scrutinized by means of the computational simulations of the axisymmetric fully-compressible gasdynamics and combustion equations with an Arrhenius chemical kinetics. Specifically, non-slip and free-slip surfaces are compared for the blockage ratio, α, and the spacing between the obstacles, ΔZ, in the ranges 1/3 ≤ α ≤ 2/3 and 0.25 ≤ ΔZ/R ≤ 2.0, respectively. 

    For these parameters, an impact of surface friction on flameacceleration is shown to be minor, only 1-4%, slightly facilitating acceleration in a tube with ΔZ/R = 0.5 and moderating acceleration in thecase of ΔZ/R = 0.25. Given the fact that the physical boundary conditions are non-slip as far as the continuum assumption is valid, the presentwork thereby justifies the Bychkov model, employing the free-slip conditions, and makes its wider applicable to the practical reality. Whilethis result can be anticipated and explained by a fact that flame propagation is mainly driven by its spreading in the unobstructed portion ofan obstructed tube (i.e. far from the tube wall), the situation is, however, qualitatively different from that in the unobstructed tubes, wheresurface friction modifies the flame dynamics conceptually.

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  • 32.
    Adelblad, Hany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Framtagning av ett koncept för motordrivna sjukhussängar.: Affärsförslag2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The project was concerned with developing a concept to integrating a battery-powered motor with a wheel in the hospital beds that are used for internal patient transfers between departments at the Norrland University Hospital (NUS). The department for patient transport at NUS is responsible for the daily internal patient transfers, which takes place approximately 10–40 times per day with varied distances up to 500 m. The weight of the bed including mattress, healthcare equipment and the patient can be up to 450 kg. The purpose of the project was to create a business case for a concept that will facilitate work during patient transfers. Ultimately, this should lead to a more ergonomic way of working. The goal was to come up with a suggestions and design variants that will facilitate patient movements for staff working at the patient transport department, as well as to propose the most optimal components, for example which motor, battery, wheels and bracket that can be used in the concept. The project was carried out by collecting facts, opinions and limitations from the product user via meetings and telephone calls. Market research was also performed via the suppliers' websites and phone calls to them. Design variants have been created using CAD-Solid Works. The result shows that the concept's requirements are met at a maximum load of 450 kg if a battery-powered DC motor of 1654 Watt is used. The conclusion is that, although there are similar concepts on the market that meet the same goals, the proposed solution can easily and cost-efficiently be integrated in the existing hospital beds at NUS.

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  • 33.
    Adolfsson, Daniel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Lastfördelning: En jämförelse mellan handberäkningar och FEM-design2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The stability of the structure must be ensured when designing a building. To ensure the stability, the forces which a building can be exposed for must be known. In case of wind loads it means forces in the horizontal stabilizing system.

    The purpose with this project was to examine if FEM-design distribute wind loads like traditional hand calculations. This by comparing the results of load distribution for both calculation methods on a reference building. The reference building is designed in four different versions where the stiffness in the walls and the floor is what separate them. That to observe different design situations. The load distribution has been clarified by calculating reaction forces in the ground and shear forces in the walls.

    The stiffness ratio between the walls and the floor has been calculated to examine the load distribution on the walls. Calculations showed that the floor was weak in relation to the walls for two of the building’s versions. A ratio which the literature suggests that the load distributes like a continuous beam on fixed support. When hand calculations where compared to FEM-design the results did not agree very well. FEM-design gave a more uniform distribution of the loads, which reminds of a design the literature suggests for a structure with the same stiffness in the walls as in the floor. Further research indicates that it probably due to the different methods way of calculating stiffness for CLT.

    Based on the research done in this project it can be stated that load distribution for buildings with stiff floors and walls with the same stiffness correspond for the different calculation methods. For buildings with stiff floors and different stiffness in the walls the results do not agree. Probably due to the different methods of calculating stiffness for CLT.

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    Lastfördelning - En jämförelse mellan handberäkningar och FEM-design
  • 34.
    Adolfsson, Sebastian
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Expanding operation ranges using active flow control in Francis turbines2014Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report contains an investigation of fluid injection techniques used in the purpose of reducing deleterious flow effects occurring in the draft tube of Francis turbines when operating outside nominal load. There is a focus on implement ability at Jämtkrafts hydroelectric power plants and two power plants were investigated, located in series with each other named Lövhöjden and Ålviken. The only profitable scenario found with some degree of certainty was an increase in the operating range upwards to allow overload operation.

    Findings show that both air and water can be introduced in various locations to improve hydraulic efficiency around the turbine parts as well as reduce pressure pulsations in harmful operating regions. Investments in such systems have proven useful and profitable at several facilities with poorly adapted operating conditions. But due to losses in efficiency when operating injection systems, it turns out unprofitable in situations where it does not improve the operating range in a way that is resulting in increased annual or peak production.

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    Lastområdesutvidgning med aktiv flödeskontroll i Francisturbiner
  • 35.
    Agardh, Ella
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Jämförelse av kostnad och klimatpåverkan för olika typer av bjälklag och bärande innerväggar2023Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Byggnadsdelar av hållbara material är viktigt för att uppnå de miljömål som satts upp för Agenda 2030 samt för att skapa ett mer hållbart samhälle. För att bidra till detta analyserades och jämfördes olika uppbyggnader av bjälklag och innerväggar tillverkade av trä. Byggnadsdelarna ska uppnå de tekniska kraven som ställs och hur de olika skiljer sig i kostnad och CO2e-utsläpp vid olika spännvidder och laster. Bjälklagen och innerväggarnas olika materialskikt kontrollerades för att undersöka vilket skikt som bidrar med det högsta utsläppet, för att göra det möjligt att utveckla materialet i framtiden. En jämförelse utfördes för bjälklagen tillverkade av korslamminerat trä och betonghåldäckets kostnad och undersöka om användningen av träbjälklaget blir mer lönsamt. 

    Arbetet utgick ifrån fyra alternativa typer av bjälklag och två typer av bärande innerväggar till en skolbyggnad som Sweco ansåg intressanta att utvärdera. Utformningen på dessa bjälklag och väggar bestämdes i detalj genom val av materialskikt för att uppfylla de tekniska kraven och dimensionering av de bärande delarna i konstruktionerna. För bjälklagen dimensionerades stommen utifrån spännvidder mellan 4–12 meter och väggarna dimensionerades utifrån antagandet att skolbyggnaden bestod av fyra våningsplan. Efter att detaljutformningen bestämts beräknades materialvolymerna som sedan låg till grund för kostnadsberäkning och klimatpåverkan. Det fyra bjälklagstyperna var baserade på KL-trä, limträ, lättbalk och betonghåldäck som bärande konstruktion för skolbyggnaden medan de två väggtyperna konstruerades av KL-trä och reglar.

    Resultatet bidrar till att undersöka vilken stomme som är mest effektiv utifrån ett kostnads och klimatperspektiv samt ge ökad kunskap om trästommars egenskaper. Jämförelsen visar att bjälklagen tillverkade i trä är mer gynnsamt ur ett klimatperspektiv för alla träbjälklag medan kostnaden varierar beroende på vilket träbjälklag som kontrollerades. Genom att undersöka kostnaden utifrån ett framtidsperspektiv kan trästommar vara mer lönsamt. För bjälklagen var limträbalken fördelaktigast för kostnaden för alla spännvidder. KL-trät var dock mest gynnsam utifrån utsläppet för spännvidderna 4–8 meter medan lättbalken hade det högsta utsläppet. För innerväggarna var kostnaden högst för KL-trät men hade det lägsta utsläppet upp till tre våningar därefter hade regelstommen ett lägre utsläpp. 

    De slutsatser som kan dras utifrån arbetet är att trästommar är mer lönsamt ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv dock har trä en relativt hög kostnad i dagsläget. Limträbjälklaget och regelväggen har en relativ låg kostnad i jämförelse med de andra och ett lågt utsläpp som skulle kunna användas för att bidra till de uppsatta klimatmålen. En minskad kostnad av trä skulle göra att respektive träbjälklag är mer lönsamma utifrån både kostnaden och klimatet i jämförelse med betong. 

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  • 36.
    Agrell, Daniel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Optimerad design och tillverkningsmetod av koncentrerande solfångare2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 300 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The sun is our most important source of energy for us to be able to cope with the evermore pressuring climate threats. This has always been very clear for Absolicon Solar Collector AB in Härnösand, developers of concentrating solar collectors. The company has so far produced solar collectors which can produce both thermal and electrical power for mid-sized installations such as hotels and hospital. Now however, they are changing direction. Absolicon wants to address the many bigger industries with a demand for steam, in countries rich with solar radiation. Absolicon also wants to develop a production line for production of their solar collector, for deployment in the countries where the demand is the biggest.

     

    In a project partially financed by the Swedish energy department, a demonstrational production line will be built in Härnösand. The production line will be used to build a demonstrational field at HEMAB (Härnösands Energi och Miljö AB) with a new generation of solar collectors, optimized for steam production. The solar collectors built today has a problem with the reflector not getting an optimized shape throughout the whole collector. This has to be rectified since the demand on the shape of the reflector is higher on the new generation of solar collectors. This Is due to the use of a smaller receiver. Furthermore a mounting carriage using a new production method is to be developed for the production line. The mounting carriage should, by using vacuum, form and fixate the reflector of the collector while it also optimizes its shape.

     

    Tests was performed to examine how to optimize the shape of the reflector. A test rig was used to examine how a thin sheet of metal can be formed and fixated using vacuum while developing an optimized production method. A prototype carriage for production of 2 m long collectors using the new method was designed and constructed for evaluation.

     

    The results of the evaluation showed that the developed method is working well and that a receiver diameter of 19 mm can be used. The method is based on letting the edges of the reflector sheet hang free, which eliminates unwanted tensions in the reflector.

     

    The prototype which was built is ready for upscaling to a 6 m mounting carriage which will be able to produce the new generation of solar collectors for the demonstration field. A mounting process for production of solar collectors in a production line has been proposed which can shorten the mounting time and work load to less than 45 minutes and 1-2 persons per collector.

    The full text will be freely available from 2025-09-01 20:46
  • 37.
    Agrell, Elias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Analys av massapumps- och mixerarbete vid Metsä Board Sverige AB, Husums Fabriker: Energibesparingsåtgärder vid blekeri 4 & 5 med jämförelse mot ny utrustning2014Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Husums plant has a selection of different pulp pumps at bleaching plant 4 and 5. The displacement- (HC-pump, Sund Defibrator PTD-60) and centrifugalpumps (MC-pump, MCA 42-200, MCP 30/20) are of interest in this report. The centrifugal pumps are controlled by throttle valves, which result in an energy loss. Chemical mixers are used to mix ClO2 into the pulp before proceeding into a holding tower where the bleaching process occurs.

    The energy demand of the different positions has been measured or calculated to be used in comparisons against new equipment. Quotations were requested and delivered from Valmet and Sulzer. The quotations were made with a production increase of 10 ADMt/h and plant compared to current equipment. Therefore energy need of the equipment in the quotation had to be recalculated to the same production output as when measurements were conducted to be comparable. Quotation of the pumps assumes the use of frequency inverters.

    A deeper investigation was made for 441PU255 which is located at bleaching plant 4. The drop leg level of the pump is controlled via a throttle valve. A frequency inverter is installed but not utilized to maintain constant pulp level in the drop leg. This was due to physical changes in the process not being compensated for in the control system. This caused the drop leg level to oscillate when automatic control was used. As a workaround the drive had been set at a constant speed. To investigate the potential savings, an attempt was made in which the speed was lowered from 1520 rpm to 1100 rpm, resulting in a power reduction of 82 kW or 342,081 Sek per year at a production of 36 ADMT/h. The experiment was done with slightly lower production output than desirable; because of this, savings will decrease slightly at higher outputs.

    Comparisons showed that considerable amounts of energy could be saved at all positions. However the investment cost is high and therefore favorable payback times can only be seen for some of the positions. The MC-pumps are oversized and in need of constant throttling therefore the majority of the energy savings is made through the installation of frequency inverters and not the pump upgrade.

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    Analys av massapumps- och mixerarbete vid Metsä Board Sverige AB, Husums Fabriker
  • 38.
    Aguilar, Luis T.
    et al.
    Instituto Politecnico Nacional.
    Boiko, Igor
    University of Calgary.
    Fridman, Leonid
    Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM),.
    Freidovich, Leonid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Inducing oscillations in an Inertia wheel pendulum via Two-relays controller: theory and experiments2009In: American control conference, 2009. ACC 09, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , 2009, p. 65-70Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A tool for generating a self-excited oscillations for an inertia wheel pendulum by means of a variable structure controller is proposed. The original system is transformed into the normal form for exact linearization. The design procedure, based on Describing Function (DF) method, allows for finding the explicit expressions of the two-relays controller gain parameters in terms of the desired frequency and amplitude. Necessary condition for orbital asymptotic stability of the output of the exactly linearized system is derived. Performance issues of the system with self-excited oscillations are validated with experiments.

  • 39. Aguilar, Luis T.
    et al.
    Boiko, Igor M.
    Fridman, Leonid M.
    Freidovich, Leonid B.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Generating oscillations in inertia wheel pendulum via two-relay controller2012In: International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, ISSN 1049-8923, E-ISSN 1099-1239, Vol. 22, no 3, p. 318-330Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The problem of generating oscillations of the inertia wheel pendulum is considered. We combine exact feedback linearization with two-relay controller, tuned using frequency-domain tools, such as computing the locus of a perturbed relay system. Explicit expressions for the parameters of the controller in terms of the desired frequency and amplitude are derived. Sufficient conditions for orbital asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system are obtained with the help of the Poincare map. Performance is validated via experiments. The approach can be easily applied for a minimum phase system, provided the behavior of the states of the zero dynamics is of no concern. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • 40.
    Aguilar, Luis T.
    et al.
    CITEDI, National Polytechnic Institute, Tijuana, BC, Mexico.
    Freidovich, Leonid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Orlov, Yury
    CICESE Research Center, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
    Merida, Jovan
    CITEDI, National Polytechnic Institute, Tijuana, BC, Mexico.
    Performance Analysis of Relay Feedback Position Regulators for Manipulators with Coulomb Friction2013In: Proc. 12th European Control Conference, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA: IEEE , 2013, p. 3754-3759Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the paper is to analyze the performance of several global position regulators for robot manipulators with Coulomb friction. All the controllers include a proportional-differential part and a switched part whereas the difference between the controllers is in the way of compensation of the gravitational forces. Stability analysis is also revisited within the nonsmooth Lyapunov function framework for the controllers with and without gravity pre-compensation. Performance issues of the proposed controllers are evaluated in an experimental study of a five degrees-of-freedom robot manipulator. In the experiments, we choose two criteria for performance analysis. In the first set of experiments, we set the same gains to all the controllers. In the second set of experiments, the gains of the controller were chosen such that the work done by the manipulator is similar.

  • 41.
    Aguirre Castillo, José
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics. Heidelberg Materials Cement Sverige AB, Slite, Sweden.
    Broström, Markus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Eriksson, Matias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics. Swedish Mineral Processing Research Association (MinFo), Stockholm, Sweden.
    Phase evolution and burnability of cement raw meal2023In: Advances in Cement Research, ISSN 0951-7197, E-ISSN 1751-7605, Vol. 35, no 12, p. 577-587Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) to study the mass transfer of raw meal constituents towards forming clinker phases and the occurrence of free lime (calcium oxide), also known as burnability, was assessed. A measuring strategy with temperature ranging from 1000°C to 1450°C was developed and compared with a conventional burnability method. The free lime determined by the methods showed that HT-XRD produced good results for the evaluation of burnability. In addition, HT-XRD revealed the formation of intermediate phases, providing insight into early reactions in a cement kiln. The particle size of quartz was found to affect crystal expansion of the phase at a high temperature, subsequently affecting the formation of silica polymorphs. The different raw meals used in this study also indicate that the formation of different silica polymorphs affects the formation of C2S. The lack of knowledge regarding the influence of β-quartz on the reduction of free lime is highlighted.

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  • 42.
    Aguirre Castillo, José
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Broström, Markus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Eriksson, Matias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    The reactivity of spent raw meal used in the post-combustion calcium looping decarbonisation process2023Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 43.
    Aguirre Castillo, José
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics. Cementa AB, Slite, Sweden .
    Eriksson, Matias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics. Swedish Mineral Processing Research Association – MinFo, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Impact of solid alternative fuels on cement kiln operation2022In: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on the Impact of Fuel Quality on Power Production and the Environment / [ed] Markus Broström, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University , 2022Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Cement production involves preparing a raw material mix that is burned at 1450 ⁰C in a direct-fired rotatory kiln to produce cement clinker. In this paper, a stable kiln operation has been referred to as a stable burning and constant high product quality. For the burning, conventional fuels such as coal and petcoke are partially replaced with alternative fuels. Properties of alternative fuels like water content, particle size and higher heating value in RDF (Refuse derived fuel), TDF (Tyre derived fuel) and MDM (Meat and bone meal) disturb the establishment of an ideal flame, which affects the burning and product quality. The chemistry of the fuels also influences the product quality as the ash is incorporated in the cement clinker. Evaporation and heavy condensation of volatiles from alternative fuels hinder the streams of gas and material in the kiln system. This paper summarises some experiences cement manufacturers can consider when operating with alternative fuels. 

  • 44. Aguirre-Hernandez, Baltazar
    et al.
    Campos-Canton, Eric
    Villafuerte-Segura, Raul
    Vazquez, Carlos
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Loredo-Villalobos, Carlos-Arturo
    Open Challenges on the Stability of Complex Systems: Insights of Nonlinear Phenomena with or without Delay2019In: Complexity, ISSN 1076-2787, E-ISSN 1099-0526, article id 5209636Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 45.
    Ahlinder, Anton
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Kritikalitetsanalys på virapressar2019Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This work was carried out at Ortvikens paper mill in Sundsvall, which produces pulp and paper. Inpulp production, there are several belt filter presses, which is a kind of dryer that squeezes thewater out of the pulp. In order to maintain a high level of availability of the machine equipment,all equipment is classified according to their properties, especially how important they are for therest of the process. This is to include them in a maintenance plan to be able to plan and performefficient maintenance and long-term improvement work on the equipment. In order to be able tocarry out more correct preventive maintenance and continued improvement work, a newinvestigation and classification of three of these belt filter presses is needed. As a part of thisinvestigation, the most common and costly technical faults in the last 13 years are examined. Thenew criticality classification differs from the previous one in a few points, mainly maintenanceand failure rate, which have been overlooked during the prior classification. This has no effect onthe final classification, but it is worth noting in case the classification is used as a basis for otherpurposes. The historical investigation shows that the most common fault is a wire breakdownand that one of the presses that was considered to be broken most often, has actually been justthat. The investigation shows that the new criticality classification gives the same result as theprevious one, but that there are changes in some of the individual criteria. 

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    Kritikalitetsanalys på virapressar
  • 46.
    Ahlsvik, Gustav
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Analys av solcellsinstallation på en betongelementfabrik i norra Jämtland2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Analys av solcellsinstallation på en betongelementfabrik i norra Jämtland
  • 47.
    Ahmed, Masud Omar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Teststation för industriella UV-celler2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB in Umeå produce a variety of chromatography systems. One of the main components in chromatography is the UV module, which measure the light absorption of different wavelengths in the liquid being pumped through a cell. Currently at the Umeå site two types of UV-cells are produced; lab cells and industrial cells. The current test station for the industrial UV-cells is outdated, in disrepair and no longer supported.  GE has developed a test station for the lab cells that evaluates UV and flow properties, the data is stored in GE’s own production database, Prodas.

    The aim of this work is to design a test station for industrial UV-cells to improve the quality of the cells. The primary goal is a test station that can measure pressure, flow and absorption. The secondary goal is to discover and if possible, implement solutions that will streamline and automate the test station.

    A prototype of a test station for industrial UV-cells based on that for lab cells has been developed. The solution consists of an adapter that links the light path from the monitor through the UV-cell to the detector. The test station can measure pressure, flow and absorption but can only perform absorption and leakage tests.  Automation and efficiency have been accomplished in the form of scripts used to conduct absorption and leakage tests. The test station requires further development before it can be used in the production line.

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  • 48.
    Ajaikumar, Samikannu
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Ahlkvist, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Larsson, William
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Boström, Dan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Energy Technology and Thermal Process Chemistry.
    Kordas, K
    Mikkola, Jyri-Pekka
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Highly active and selective bimetallic catalysts supported on transition metal oxides for the oxidation of α-pinene using molecular oxygen2010Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 49.
    Ajaikumar, Samikannu
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Ahlkvist, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Larsson, William
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Boström, Dan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Kordas, K
    Mikkola, Jyri-Pekka
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Synthesis and characterization of Cu and Cu-M (M=Co, Ni, Au and Zn) bimetallic catalysts supported on TiO2 modified SBA-152010Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 50.
    Akkerman, Vyacheslav
    et al.
    West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
    Bilgili, Serdar
    West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
    Bychkov, Vitaly
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
    Valiev, Damir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Demir, Sinan
    West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
    Morella, Haley
    West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
    Impacts of the Lewis and Markstein numbers effects on the flame acceleration in channels2016Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of flame stretch and thermal/molecular diffusion on the flame acceleration in channels are quantified by means of the analytical and computational endeavours. The internal transport flame properties are accounted in the theory by means of the Markstein number, Mk. Being a positive or negative function of the thermal-chemical combustion parameters, such as the thermal expansion ratio and the Lewis and Zeldovich numbers, the Markstein number either moderates or promotes the flame acceleration. While Mk may provide a substantial impact on the flame acceleration rate in narrow channels, this effects diminishes with the increase of the channel width. The analysis is accompanied by extensive computational simulations of the Navier-Stokes combustion equations, which clarify the impact of the Lewis number on the flame acceleration. It is obtained that, for Le below a certain critical value, at the initial stage of flame acceleration, a globally-convex flame front is splits into two or more "fingers", accompanied by a drastic increase in the flame surface area and associated enhancement of the flame acceleration. Overall, the thermal-diffusive effects substantially facilitate the flame acceleration scenario, thereby advancing a potential deflagration-to-detonation transition. 

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