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  • 1.
    De Veirman, Sofie
    et al.
    History Department, Ghent Univeristy .
    Haage, Helena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Deaf and unwanted?: marriage characteristics of deaf people in eighteenth and nineteenth-century Belgium: a comparative and cross-regional approach2016In: Continuity and Change, ISSN 0268-4160, E-ISSN 1469-218X, Vol. 31, no 2, p. 241-273Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article, the marriage characteristics of deaf men and women born in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Belgium are compared to each other, as well as to a group of non-deaf siblings and a group of Swedish deaf persons. The aim is to determine the extent to which the marriage pattern of deaf persons lined up with that of non-disabled persons and to see how experiences of disablement interacted with the environment in which persons dwelt. This article challenges the belief in a universal disability experience by arguing that although deaf individuals generally encountered more difficulties in finding a marriage partner, marriage chances were significantly dependent on personal characteristics such as gender, living environment and birth date. As such, we demonstrate that the relationship between being deaf and being vulnerable on the marriage market was not an inescapable one, but the product of specific environments.

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  • 2.
    Ericsson, Tom
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Like father, like daughter?: Intergenerational: social mobility among business and craftswomen in Sundsvall, Sweden, 1860–18932012In: Continuity and Change, ISSN 0268-4160, E-ISSN 1469-218X, Vol. 27, no 3, p. 409-431Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using multiple sources, this study identifies women's intergenerational social mobility to a greater degree than most other studies on the topic. It examines the status of the fathers of women who ran a business or craft in a Swedish town that witnessed rapid urban industrial transformations. Whereas only 15 per cent of the businesswomen and 12 per cent of the craftswomen were the daughters of business- or craftsmen, the businesswomen in particular had through their trade been able to improve their social status. The results suggest that these women benefited from the commercial opportunities of their time and not from having a father in business.

  • 3.
    Ericsson, Tom
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Women's lives and lines of businesses: developmental perspectives of female entrepreneurs in Sundsvall, Sweden 1860-18922010Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    For a long time in history, women were expected to engage in domestic and reproductive work. In nineteenth-century Western world, women’s labor market widened as economic developments and bureaucratization enabled them to enter one profession after another. All these changes had an impact on women’s occupational opportunities and family responsibilities, but how is little debated because few sources comprise information on both women’s demographic features and their occupational characteristics or careers. For the years 1860–90, this paper has access to such materials. Business taxation registers, business calendars and local newspapers show women manifesting entrepreneurial aspirations as they offered their female skills, services and products in Sundsvall, a coastal town that due to the establishment of the sawmill industry witnessed large-scale economic, social and demographic changes. To achieve information on the family and social background of these female entrepreneurs, they are also found in the digitized parish registers stored at the Demographic Data Base, Umeå University, Sweden. This combined data set helps to identify women’s line and duration of businesses and how their economic activities developed, and whether these activities were related to the women’s family life and social origin.

  • 4.
    Haage, Helena
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Häggström Lundevaller, Erling
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Gendered death risks among disabled individuals in sweden: A case study of the 19th-century Sundsvall region2016In: Scandinavian Journal of History, ISSN 0346-8755, E-ISSN 1502-7716, Vol. 41, no 2, p. 160-184Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study follows around 500 disabled individuals over their lifespan to examine their risks of dying in 19th-century society, in comparison to a reference group of non-disabled people. The aim is to detect whether people, due to their disability, had a higher probability of meeting an untimely death. We use Sweden’s 19th-century parish registers to identify people the ministers defined as disabled, and to construct a reference group of individuals who were not affected by these disabilities. By combining the deviance theories from sociology studies with demographic sources and statistical methods, we achieve new insight into how life developed for disabled people in past societies. The results suggest that disability significantly jeopardized the survival of individuals, particularly men, but also that the type of disability had an impact. Altogether, we can demonstrate that the disabled constituted a disadvantaged but heterogeneous group of people whose demography and life courses must be further researched.

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  • 5.
    Haage, Helena
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Häggström Lundevaller, Erling
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Opportunities of Work and Family in Young Disabled People’s Lives: A Comparative Study of Disabled and Non-disabled Young Adults in Nineteenth-century Northern Sweden Using Sequence Analysis2016In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Sequence Analysis and Related Methods (LaCOSA II) / [ed] Gilbert Ritschard and Matthias Studer, Lausanne: Université de Lausanne , 2016, p. 93-102Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

     This study focuses on young adults with disabilities and their pathways towards work and family in past society. The aim is to explore their life trajectories and compare them to a non-disabled group of people who experienced the same time-space context, represented by the 19th-century Sundsvall region, Sweden. We employ sequence analyses on a series of demographic events that were to occur in the life of young adults: first occupation, marriage and parenthood. We also check for the events of death and out-migration. Disability studies show that disabled people were often subject to stigmatization caused by their impairment and prevailing perceptions about normalcy in in society. This would have limited their opportunities of work and family compared to non-disabled persons. Individual-level data consisting of parish registers digitized by the Demographic Data Base (DDB), Umeå University, Sweden, allow sequence analysis that helps to answer the questions of whether and how disability influenced people’s life trajectories. We obtain a holistic picture of how their life developed that suggests that disability substantially limited people’s opportunities to find job, marry and form a family. This indicates that a stigma was associated with disability beyond the impairment itself and worked to add to disabled individuals’ difficulties in both the labor market and marriage market.

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  • 6.
    Haage, Helena
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Häggström Lundevaller, Erling
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Disabled and unmarried?: Marital chances among disabled people in nineteenth-century northern Sweden2017In: Essays in Economic & Business History, ISSN 0896-226X, Vol. 35, no 1, p. 207-238Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To marry and form a household of one's own was the expected life course of most people in the nineteenth century, but little is known about whether individuals with disabilities shared the same demographic experience of marriage as non-disabled did. This study examines this issue by analyzing the marital chances of a group of disabled people—i.e. blind, deaf mute, crippled and with mental disabilities—compared with a non-disabled reference group. Our results show that about a quarter of the disabled individuals did marry, even though their marital propensities were significantly lower than those of non-disabled people. These propensities also differed by gender and type of disability. We suggest that the lower marital chances and the variation we found within the group of disabled people indicate the level of social exclusion they faced in society.

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  • 7.
    Häggström Lundevaller, Erling
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Haage, Helena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Modelling mortality using life trajectories of disabled and non-disabled individuals in nineteenth-century Sweden2018In: Sequence analysis and related approaches: innovative methods and applications / [ed] Gilbert Ritschard, Matthias Studer, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018, p. 69-81Chapter in book (Refereed)
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  • 8.
    Häggström Lundevaller, Erling
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Sandström, Glenn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Long-term Health Outcomes from Inbreeding: Longevity, Fertility and Impairment2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the paper is to investigate if inbreeding had any health effects on individuals born 1890–1905 in Skellefteå, Sweden, with a follow-up period until 1950. The effects on longevity, fertility and impairments as outcome variables is of particular interest to clarify, as they provide a comprehensive picture of howinbreeding affects human demographic behaviour and health during this period. The effect on longevity was not strong but caused higher mortality for men above one year of age. The risk of stillbirths showed a substantial association with inbreeding, with a higher risk for highly inbred. The probability of having children was lower for persons representing high levels of inbreeding. However, the number of children given that at leastone child is born is not affected. No significant effect of the parents being related is noted on fertility. With respect to an individual’s own inbreeding we find that the higher the level of inbreeding, the higher the risk of impairments.

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  • 9.
    Ineland, Jens
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Karhina, Kateryna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    School-to-work Transitions for Students with Intellectual Disabilities: Teachers' Perceptions and Experiences of a Recent Workplace-Based Reform in Sweden2021In: Journal of International Special Needs Education, ISSN 2159-4341, E-ISSN 2331-4001, Vol. 24, no 2, p. 86-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Having a job, or being employed, is associated with a number of positive effects. Although policies in Sweden support the right of people with disabilities to work and highlight access to employment as a priority, this group of people continues to lose out in employment against other citizens. However, little is known about actions or initiatives implemented to enhance labor market participation among people with disabilities. This study contributes useful findings on a promising implementation of a school-to-work transition initiative, workplace based learning (WBL), in special needs upper-secondary schools in Sweden. The aim of the study was to identify how teachers, having a key role in the implementation process, view and experience WBL and its actual functioning to enhance school-to-work transitions for students with intellectual disabilities. Drawing on 13 interviews with teachers working as supervisors and coordinators in the WBL training, our findings lead to three main conclusions. First, the teachers had significant reliance on WBL and its potential to prepare students for the labor market. Second, the teachers hesitated with regard to whether and to what extent WBL actually enhances school-to-work transitions. Third, the WBL reform has had significant negative effects on the working conditions of the supervising teachers involved. Our study uncovers a number of barriers for WBL to function as an actual bridge to work for students with intellectual disabilities, which we argue have important messages to bring for both policy and practice. 

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  • 10.
    Junkka, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Sandström, Glenn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    The emergence of social gaps in mental health: a longitudinal population study in Sweden, 1900-19592020In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 15, no 4, article id e0232462Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During the recent decades, social inequalities in mental health have increased and are now one of the most persistent features of contemporary society. There is limited knowledge about when this pattern emerged or whether it has been a historically fixed feature. The objective of this study was to assess whether socioeconomic and gender gaps in mental health changed during the period 1900–1959 in Sweden. We used historical micro data which report all necessary information on individuals’ demographic characteristics, occupational attainment and mental disorders (N = 2,450) in a Swedish population of 193,893. Changes over time was tested using multilevel Cox proportional hazard models. We tested how gender-specific risks of mental disorder changed and how gender-specific socioeconomic status was related to risks of mental disorder later in life. We found a reversal in gender gaps in mental health during the study period. Women had a lower risk than men in 1900 and higher risks in 1959. For men, we found a negative gradient in SES risks in 1900 and a positive gradient in 1959. For women, we found no clear SES gradient in the risk of mental disorder. These findings suggest that the contemporary patterns in socioeconomic and gender gaps in mental disorder emerged during the 1940s and 1950s and have since then persisted.

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  • 11.
    Liselotte, Eriksson
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS).
    Junkka, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Sandström, Glenn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Supply or demand?: Institutionalization of the mentally ill in the emerging Swedish welfare state, 1900–19592021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Historical studies on the institutionalization of the mentally ill have primarily relied on data on institutionalized patients rather than the population at risk. Consequently, the underlying factors of institutionalization are unclear. Using Swedish longitudinal microdata from 1900–1959 reporting mental disorders, we examine whether supply-side factors such as distance to institutions and number of asylum beds influenced the risk of institutionalization, in addition to demand-side factors such as access to family. Institutionalization risks were associated with the supply of beds and proximity to an asylum, but also dependent on families’ unmet demand for care of relatives. As the supply of mental care met this family-driven demand in the 1930s, the relative risk of institutionalization increased among those lacking family networks.

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  • 12.
    Liselotte, Eriksson
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS).
    Junkka, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Sandström, Glenn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Supply or demand? Institutionalization of the mentally ill in the emerging Swedish welfare state, 1900–592022In: History of Psychiatry, ISSN 0957-154X, E-ISSN 1740-2360, Vol. 33, no 2, p. 180-199Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Historical studies on the institutionalization of the mentally ill have primarily relied on data for institutionalized patients rather than the population at risk. Consequently, the underlying factors of institutionalization are unclear. Using Swedish longitudinal microdata from 1900–59 reporting mental disorders, we examine whether supply factors, such as distance to institutions and number of asylum beds, influenced the risk of institutionalization, in addition to demand factors such as access to family. Institutionalization risks were associated with the supply of beds and proximity to an asylum, but also dependent on families’ unmet demand for care of relatives. As the supply of mental care met this family-driven demand in the 1930s, the relative risk of institutionalization increased among those lacking family networks.

  • 13.
    Ljuslinder, Karin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of culture and media studies.
    Ellis, Katie
    Curtin University, Australia.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Cripping Time: Understanding the Life Course through the Lens of Ableism2020In: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, ISSN 1501-7419, E-ISSN 1745-3011, Vol. 22, no 1, p. 35-38Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Normative time occupies a prominent place in life course theory. Time intersects with the life course to dictate discourses of appropriate life stage progression in a linear chain of events from birth to reproduction and finally death. Taking crip time and the life course as their focus, the papers in this special section recognize that cultural understandings of what constitutes disability are connected to understandings of time and the idea of a normative life course, which in turn builds on ableist norms. The idea of ability as the desirable normal state creates a realm of compulsory able-bodidness. Everybody that falls outside this hegemonic assumption is culturally deviant and wrong. Crip time creates an understanding of time that differs from ableist time and unravels the social construction of ability. Crip time is approached from multiple perspectives in this special section and traverse a number of disciplines and different methodologies.

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  • 14.
    Ljuslinder, Karin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of culture and media studies.
    Vikström, LottaUmeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).Ellis, KatieCurtin University, Australia.
    Cripping Time: Understanding the Life Course through the Lens of Ableism2020Collection (editor) (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The cultural understanding of what constitutes a disability is connected to understandings of time, aging and the idea of a normative life course. However, research with a life course perspective within disability studies has often focused on possibilities and obstacles to achieve the goals of the normative life such as work, marriage and children. Studies in ableism, on the other hand, has focused on the construction of the normative life course itself. According to Kafer (2012) able-bodiedness as the desirable normal permeates our understanding of time. But, rendering crip embodiments and their challenges to normative time creates an understanding of time that differs from the able-bodied one - as well as presenting a challenge to the construct of time and life courses in a normative ableist sense.

    This special section aims to advance knowledge and discussion of the ascribed disabled life course by employing perspectives on disability and time that draws from the understanding of ableist normalcy and crip time, thus contributing to field of ableism studies.

  • 15.
    Namatovu, Fredinah
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Häggström Gunfridsson, Erling
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Is teenage parenthood associated with early use of disability pension? Evidence from a longitudinal study2023In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 18, no 6, article id e0287265Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Over the past decades the number of young people using disability pensions (DP) has gradually increased in Europe but the reasons for this change are poorly understood. We hypothesize that teenage parenthood could be associated with an increased risk of receiving early DP. The aim of this study was to examine the association between having a first child at age 13-19 and receiving DP at age 20-42 (here called early DP).

    Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was undertaken based on national register data obtained from 410,172 individuals born in Sweden in 1968, 1969, and 1970. Teenage mothers and fathers were followed until age 42 and compared to non-teenage parent counterparts to examine their early receipt of DP. Descriptive analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox regression analyses were performed.

    Results: The proportion of teenage parents was more than twice higher in the group that received early DP (16%) compared to the group that did not receive early DP (6%) during the study duration. A higher proportion of teenage mothers and fathers started to receive DP at 20-42 years old compared to non-teenage parents, and the difference between the two groups increased during the observation period. A strong association was observed between being a teenage parent and receiving early DP, significant both independently and after adjusting for the year of birth and the father's level of education. From the age of 30 to 42 years, teenage mothers used early DP more often than teenage fathers or non-teenage parents, and this difference also increased during the follow-up period.

    Conclusion: A strong association was found between teenage parenthood and the use of DP between 20 and 42 years of age. Teenage mothers used DP more than teenage fathers and non-teenage parents.

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  • 16.
    Namatovu, Fredinah
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Häggström Lundevaller, Erling
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    The impact of disability on partnership formation in Sweden during 1990-20092020In: The History of the Family, ISSN 1081-602X, E-ISSN 1873-5398, Vol. 25, no 2, p. 230-245Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Evidence suggests that disability negatively affects people’s propensity to find a partner. Persons with disabilities that eventually find a partner do so later in life compared to the average population. There is a lack of studies on the differences in partnership opportunities for persons with disabilities compared to those without disabilities in Sweden. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of disability on partnership formation and to assess whether partnership formation varies as a function of individual demographic and socio-economic factors. We use nationwide data available in the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in Social and Medical Sciences (Umeå SIMSAM Lab). We follow persons born from 1973 to 1977 when they were from 16 to 37 years of age and analyze their data using logistic regression. Our findings indicate that regardless of whether a person started to receive a disability pension at an early age or later, it was associated with lower odds for partnership formation. For persons who started receiving disability pension from 16 to 20 years of age, chances for partnership formation reduced with increase in age of partnership. Individuals that started to receive disability pension later were more likely to form partnership prior to receiving disability pension. Partnership formation was less likely among persons born outside Sweden, in persons with mothers born outside Sweden, in individuals born by unmarried mothers and in persons, whose mothers had a high level of education. Partnership was high among women and among persons who had many maternal siblings. In conclusion, receiving disability pension was associated with reduced chances for partnership formation. Receiving disability pension might imply financial constraints that negatively influence partnership formation supporting Oppenheimer’s theory on the economic cost of marriage and the uncertainty hypothesis.

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  • 17.
    Namatovu, Fredinah
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Häggström Lundevaller, Erling
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR). Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    The relationship between disability and parental status: a register study of the 1968 to 1970 birth cohorts2021In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 21, no 1, article id 343Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Having children is a major life course event yet some disabilities could make it biologically challenging and some others could limit access to necessary socioeconomic resources. To date, there is relatively little data on disability and parental status and our study aimed to investigate this relationship.

    Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was based on register data obtained from all people born in Sweden from 1968 to 1970 (n = 440220). We performed descriptive analyses, graphical plots, logistic regression, and Cox regression analyses.

    Results: Our findings from both logistic regression and Cox regression indicated that individuals that started to receive disability benefits at an early age had reduced chances of having children during the follow-up duration. Men with disabilities were less likely to have children when compared to women with disabilities and to men and women without disabilities.

    Conclusions: We found evidence that disability during early adulthood was associated with reduced chances of having children. Findings support policies and programmes aimed at promoting optimal health during early adulthood, as this would promote continued labour force participation, reduce early use of disability benefits, and possibly improve chances of becoming a parent.

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  • 18.
    Namatovu, Fredinah
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Våld i nära relationer bland vuxna med funktionsnedsättning2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna Genväg till forskning syftar till att ge en översikt av det aktuella kunskapsläget om våld i nära relationer bland vuxna med funktionsnedsättning. Det utgör ett problemområde som har undersökts jämförelse lite hittills. Översikten utgår från Världshälsoorganisationens (WHO) övergripande definition av funktionsnedsättning som avser långvarigt nedsatt förmåga hos individer att fungera fysiskt eller psykiskt i relation till sin omgivning och förhindrar dem från att fullt delta i samhället. Översikten ger en bild av den senaste forskningen beträffande: förekomst och följder av våld i nära relationer bland vuxna män och kvinnor med funktionsnedsättning; riskfaktorer för denna typ av våld; vad som kännetecknar det; samt tillgång till stöd och serviceinsatser. Även om båda könen berörs ligger fokus på hur övergrepp från närstående drabbar kvinnor med funktionsnedsättning generellt sett, där jämförelser mellan olika funktionsnedsättningar ibland förekommer. Vår översikt av forskningsläget blottlägger två kunskapsluckor, varav den första gäller okunskap om de erfarenheter av våld i nära relationer som personer med funktionsnedsättning har. För det andra är forskning om tillgång till stödinsatser bristfällig, inte minst vilka former av stödinsatser som bidrar till skydd och stöd. För att kunna förebygga våld som personer med funktionsnedsättning utsätts för och för att förbättra samhällets stödsystem behöver framtida forskning närmare undersöka dels hur de upplever våld från närstående, dels hur tillgången till stöd fungerar i praktiken. I slutet av rapporten presenteras några resultat från våra projekt som belyser just dessa aspekter avseende kvinnor som utsatts för dessa övergrepp i Sverige. Resultaten bidrar till att täppa till de två forskningsluckor som översikten påvisar.

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  • 19.
    Nordlund, Madelene
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    Wickman, Kim
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education.
    Karp, Staffan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Equal Abilities - the Swedish Parasport Federation and the Inclusion Process2021In: ISAPA 2021. Quality partnerships in Adapted Physical Activity: Stronger Together!: Book of abstracts / [ed] Kwok Ng, Pauli Rintala, Aada Kandzia, Anni Lindeman, Jyväskylä, Finland: University of Jyväskylä , 2021, p. 88-88, article id 64Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: A major organizational change is currently taking place in Swedish sports, where people with disabilities (PWD) are leaving the Parasport Federation for mainstream sport within the Swedish Sport Confederation. The aim of this study is to map the expectations of the ongoing process among stakeholders within the Swedish Parasport Federation. Central is also to identify any distinction in expectations between the Parasport Athletes (PA) versus stakeholders.

    Method: This study is empirically descriptive, based on a questionnaire with 130 respondents connected to the Swedish Parasport Federation. It was analyzed through independent samples t-tests. This contribution is a part of an extensive investigation of the organizational change in the Swedish Sport Confederation regarding sports for disabled.

    Results: The results indicate some factors that can enable, or prevent, successful inclusion in sport organizations. For instance, the respondents expect that inclusion can facilitate for people with and without disabilities to perform sport together and act as role models to each other, and the respondents also think that recruitment into sport activities will increase after the organizational change. Although, there are some concerns because a significant number of the respondents fear a worsened economic situation for the PA and some fear lack of accessible facilities and equipment due to the organizational change. The results indicate no large divergence in how the PA and stakeholders view the opportunities and obstacles with inclusion.

    Conclusion: To consider, respondents give answers to something that is not yet a reality for them and their expectations need to be seen in the light of the information they have regarding the ongoing organizational change. Consequently, expectations reported in this study do not capture a complete picture of opportunities and obstacles but some concerns are put forward that can impact the success of inclusion in a future sport organization and these should be recognized early in the process.

  • 20.
    Nordlund, Madelene
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    Wickman, Kim
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education.
    Karp, Staffan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Equal abilities – the Swedish parasport federation and the inclusion process2022In: Idrottsforum.org/Nordic sport science forum, ISSN 1652-7224, Vol. 13, p. 111-129Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A major organizational change is currently taking place in Swedish sports, with people labelled with disabilities leaving the Swedish Para-sport Federation (SPF) to participate in mainstream sports under the Swedish Sports Confederation. The aim of this study was to map the expectations of this ongoing process of the stakeholders of the SPF.  Based on a questionnaire with 130 respondents connected to the SPF we found that, overall, the respondents were optimistic about mixed training groups, something that could point towards the possibility of equality between PLwD (people labelled with disabilities) and mainstream athletes. However, a rather large number of respondents feared negative consequences in terms of the physical environment for PLwD. This means that inclusion may create a dilemma regarding the relationship between the individual and the environment. We conclude that inclusion works at different levels of organized sport and there is insufficient knowledge about the impact of inclusion.

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  • 21.
    Nordlund, Madelene
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    Wickman, Kim
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR).
    Karp, Staffan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education.
    Equal Abilities: The Swedish Parasport Federation and the Inclusion Process2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    At present, there is an ongoing organizational change in the Swedish Sport Confederation. Through a comprehensive inclusion process persons with disability (PWD) are leaving the Parasport Federation for mainstream sport within the Swedish Sports Confederation (SSC). The purpose of this study was to advance the knowledge about how inclusion, after the ongoing change, is received and perceived by Parasport stakeholders at different levels in a sport organization that aimed to assess the feasibility of an organizational change towards inclusive environments in the SSC. This has been done by reporting the results from a questionnaire that stakeholders within the SSC responded to. In total, the respondents amounted to 130 individuals. The results point to mainly positive expectations concerning the inclusion process, which is a part of strategy plan of the Swedish Parasport Federation. Both athletes and stakeholders seem to share a mainly optimistic view of what the change can lead to. The study is part of an extensive investigation of the organizational change of the Swedish Sports Confederation towards inclusion of PWD.

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  • 22.
    Nygren, Thomas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Humlab. Stanford University; Uppsala universitet.
    Sandberg, Karin
    Mälardalens Högskola.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS).
    Digitala primärkällor i historieundervisningen: en utmaning för elevers historiska tänkande och historiska empati2014In: Nordidactica: Journal of Humanities and Social Science Education, ISSN 2000-9879, no 2, p. 208-245Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, 110 Swedish upper secondary students use a historical database designed for research. We analyze how they perceive the use of this digital tool in teaching and if they are able to use historical thinking and historical empathy in their historical writing and presentations. Using case-study methodology including questionnaires, observations, interviews and text analysis we find this to be a complex task for students. Our results highlight technological problems and problems in contextualizing historical evidence. However, students show interest in using primary sources and ability to use historical thinking and historical empathy, especially older students in more advanced courses when they have time to reflect upon the historical material.

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    NygrenSandbergVikström2014
  • 23.
    Nygren, Thomas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Humlab.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Demographic Data Base.
    Treading old paths in new ways: upper secondary students using a digital tool of the professional historian2013In: Education Sciences, ISSN 2227-7102, Vol. 3, p. 50-73Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article presents problems and possibilities associated with incorporating into history teaching a digital demographic database made for professional historians. We detect and discuss the outcome of how students in Swedish upper secondary schools respond to a teaching approach involving digitized registers comprising 19th century individuals and populations. Even though our results demonstrate that students experience the use of this digital database as messy, stressful, complicated, even meaningless and frustrating, they also perceive working with it as most interesting. We discuss this twofold outcome, its reasons and lessons to learn from it. When technology is functioning and the task is specialized and sufficiently guided by the teacher, which is not always the case, our results propose that digital databases can stimulate young people’s interest and historical thinking. Knowledge construction based upon historical thinking is evident in the students’ examination papers in which they present and debate their findings. These papers indicate that students can use a digital database and write history based upon empirical evidence, source criticism and historical empathy, just as professional historians do.

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  • 24.
    Sandström, Glenn
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS).
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS).
    Sex preference for children in German villages during the fertility transition2015In: Population Studies, ISSN 0032-4728, E-ISSN 1477-4747, Vol. 69, no 1, p. 57-71Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the past, parents' sex preferences for their children have proved difficult to verify. This study used John Knodel's German village genealogies of couples married between 1815 and 1899 to investigate sex preferences for children during the fertility transition. Event history analyses of couples' propensity to progress to a fifth parity was used to test whether the probability of having additional children was influenced by the sex composition of surviving children. It appears that son preference influenced reproductive behaviour: couples having only girls experienced significantly higher transition rates than those having only boys or a mixed sibset. However, couples who married after about 1870 began to exhibit fertility behaviour consistent with the choice to have at least one surviving boy and girl. This result represents a surprisingly early move towards the symmetrical sex preference typical of modern European populations.

  • 25.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts.
    A Study of Female Newcomers in Sundsvall Regarding Their Socio-Geographical Mobility During Industrialization1999Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 26.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS). Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Advantages and disadvantages of mixing materials and methods: identifying women’s positions and experiences in the past2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 27.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS).
    Before and after crime: life-course analyses of young offenders arrested in 19th century northern Sweden2011In: Journal of social history, ISSN 0022-4529, E-ISSN 1527-1897, Vol. 44, no 3, p. 861-888Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article combines sources to expand our view of offenders. Prison records are investigated to identify young people in Sweden who were arrested during the period 1840–1880. Their demographic characteristics and experiences of life before and after crime are acknowledged in parish registers digitized by the Demographic Data Base, Umeå University, that allow for longitudinal life-course perspectives. These perspectives indicate how offenders experienced their lives and how other people viewed them. The findings show that paupers did not dominate among them, and due to their evident local background most offenders had access to parental ties. In providing informal social control such features are believed to limit people’s criminal involvement, but this was not so for these individuals. Event-history analyses distinguish whether a stigma afflicted them upon release, as some labeling themes propose. Examining demographic events such as relocation, marriage, career and death shows that imprisonment had some negative impact on their life courses but was not equal to crisis, except for the more unfortunate thieves and the few female criminals. Whereas limited marital and survival chances characterized them upon release, the pathways suggest that most male offenders established social bonds to the surrounding people and society. 

  • 28.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts.
    Comparative Aspects on Maidservants’ Routes and Courses:: Differences and Similarities in the Socio-Spatial Mobility of Young Women and Men to Nineteenth-Century Sundsvall, Sweden2003Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Historical Studies.
    Comparative Aspects on Servants’ Routes and Residences: Differences and Similarities in the Migration Patterns of Young Women and Men Moving to Nineteenth-Century Sundsvall, Sweden2005In: The Modelization of Domestic Service: Proceedings of the Servant Project, Volume V / [ed] Suzy Pasleau, Isabelle Schopp, Raffaella Sarti, Liège: Les Éditions de l’Université de Liège , 2005, , p. 20p. 69-89Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS).
    Complementary and conflicting sources: results and experiences from combining data uncovering women’s work and family position in nineteenth-century Sundsvall, Sweden2007Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS). Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Consequences of individual misconduct in the past: demographic characteristics of juvenile delinquents and their paths in comparison to average youths in nineteenth-century Northern Sweden2006Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 32.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS).
    Different data identifying women in the urban labor market: their work and occupational structure around 18802009Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 33.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Historical Studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS).
    Different sources, different answers: aspects on women's work in Sundsvall, Sweden, 1860-18932003In: Interchange, ISSN 0826-4805, E-ISSN 1573-1790, Vol. 34, no 2-3, p. 241-259Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 34.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS).
    Dissolving gendered borders and expectations using different data: women’s independence and experiences from work and family in nineteenth-century Sweden2008Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 35.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Historical Studies.
    Dygd och blygd: Ett par kvinnoläppars bekännelser1998In: Dygder som duger? Sparsamhet, flit och hederlighet: Nio unga forskares reflexioner / [ed] Martin Kylhammar, Uppsala: Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga forskningsrådet, Ord & Form, , 1998, p. 74-93Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 36.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Historical Studies.
    Female domestic servants in Sundvall, a Swedish sawmill town, during industrialization2004In: Domestic servants and the formation of european identity: understanding the lobalization of domestic work, 16th-21st centuries / [ed] Antoinette Chauve-Famoux, Bern: Peter Lang , 2004, p. 87-112Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 37.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS).
    Gendered migration patterns and motives in the past2008Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 38.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Historical Studies.
    Gendered routes and courses: The socio-spatial mobility of migrants in nineteenth-century Sundsvall, Sweden2003Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This dissertation examines migrants during a time of large-scale socio-economic transformations. These changes were particularly evident in the nineteenth-century town of Sundsvall, Sweden, to which thousands of men and women moved. The causes and consequences of their arrival are analyzed by considering migrants’ geographical backgrounds, socio-economic and demographic characteristics, and their life-courses in the town. The results are explained by employing a micro-perspective focusing on individual migrants and a macro-perspective that, in addition to acknowledging the importance of structural socio-economic changes, also takes into account the current gender regime. The paths and experiences of women during the period of industrialization are particularly emphasized.

    Computerized parish registers enable this study to clarify gendered patterns of socio-spatial mobility. It finds differences and similarities between male and female migrants and illuminates their features in pre-industrial and urban-industrial Sundsvall. The influx increased remarkably over time but its even gender distribution and the characteristics of migrants remained fairly constant even though the town’s economic life was based on the surrounding sawmill industry that should have favored men’s arrival. Female migrants traveled shorter distances but they responded to business cycles in much the same way as men did and paralleled their length of residence in the town.

    The routes migrants took to Sundsvall were largely gendered and so were the consequences of their arrival. Life-course analyses show that a high level of social stability characterized most migrants during their stay in the town, but men particularly benefited from the economic transformation that was underway. Women seldom experienced upward social mobility although the additional sources used here such as local newspapers reveal they were very active in the urban labor market.

    In addition to gender several factors influenced patterns of migration such as socio-economic transformations, the availability of social networks, improving transportation, and a growing supply of information. Migrants’ multiple movements reveal that regional and larger migration systems brought people to Sundsvall but also encouraged them to leave. Their frequent travels illuminates the process of migration on individual and structural levels and shed light onto the slow process of urbanization in Sweden. Shifts in women’s migration patterns are viewed both as a protest against gendered constraints and as a result of the wider public space and labor opportunities they achieved through the introduction of legal and socio-economic reforms in the late nineteenth-century.

    This thesis shows the necessity to employ both micro- and macro-perspectives inspired by approaches used in different disciplines to conceptualize migrants and their experience of socio-spatial mobility. The use of a variety of methods and diverse array of sources benefits such efforts and helps identify gendered patterns and women’s paths. These methodologies allow us to recognize migrants as agents of change who negotiated a turbulent time and setting that influenced their socio-spatial mobility.

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  • 39.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Hemindustriarbeterskor i Göteborgs stad och Sjuhäradsbygden under det tidiga 1900-talets industrialisering2016In: Historisk Tidskrift, ISSN 0345-469X, E-ISSN 2002-4827, Vol. 136, no 1, p. 81-87Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS).
    I fru Grönhagens garderob fanns allt som hörde damtoaletten till, eller?: Faror och fördelar med källpluralismen som metod att identifiera kvinnors arbete i 1800-talets Sverige2010Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 41.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    I fru Grönhagens garderob fanns allt som hörde damtoaletten till, eller?: källjämförelser belyser befolkningshistoriska materials underrapportering av kvinnors arbete och försörjning i Sundsvall 1870-18902011In: Historisk Tidskrift, ISSN 0345-469X, E-ISSN 2002-4827, Vol. 131, no 1, p. 25-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Befolkningshistoriska materials underrapportering av kvinnors yrken är känd blandhistoriker men dess omfattning och natur har varit svår att klargöra. För att belysa dennaproblematik och diskutera dess orsaker undersöker studien hur kyrkböcker beskriverkvinnors arbete i Sundsvall 1870–1890 jämfört med andra källor. Även om resultatenförstärker det tvivel som forskare har rest över befolkningshistoriska materials dokumentationav kvinnors yrken, lämnar de viktig information om både kvinnors arbeteoch familj som måste analyseras närmare för att avgöra deras position i historien.

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  • 42.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Identifying dissonant and complementary data on women through the triangulation of historical sources2009Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 43.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Identifying dissonant and complementary data on women through the triangulation of historical sources2010In: International Journal of Social Research Methodology, ISSN 1364-5579, E-ISSN 1464-5300, Vol. 13, no 3, p. 211-221Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    If triangulation and its worth have long been contested amongst social scientists,historians have not discussed it. In this paper, a historical demographer practisesdata triangulation by combining qualitative and quantitative sources. The aim is toexplore how these sources identify nineteenth-century women’s occupations andthus challenge the gender bias found in population registers as they reportincomplete information on women’s work. This bias is acknowledged by feministhistorians and also evident in quantitative records in developing countries. Toexplain the outcome of dissonant data that this historical study shows and shareswith modern triangulation approaches, women’s ability to represent theiroccupational identities in the different sources is discussed. Some of theepistemological implications that arise from the triangulation of data that subsistsunder separate paradigms are also reflected upon. Although triangulation is farfrom infallible, it is argued that it helps to gain, view and question knowledge.

  • 44.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Historical Studies.
    Identifying the Labeling Impact of Incarceration2008Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 45.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Historical Studies.
    Illuminating the Labeling Impact of Incarceration: Life-Course Perspectives of Young Offenders' and Their Pathways in Comparison to Non-Offenders in Nineteenth-Century Northern Sweden2008In: Crime, History and Societies, ISSN 1663-4837, Vol. 12, no 2, p. 81-117Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In history, little is known about what happened to past offenders upon release. The labeling theories propose that the label bore negative consequences for those defined as criminals. To find evidence of this, young offenders’ life courses after incarceration in a booming sawmill area in nineteenth-century northern Sweden are examined. Prison registers are investigated and linked to Swedish parish records digitized by the Demographic Data Base (DDB), Umeå University. These historical sources allow for life-course perspectives that have been recently developed in modern criminology and other fields. Event-history analyses of a matched data set including non-criminals help to detect whether offenders suffered markedly from their criminal label, through examining four demographic events: relocation, marriage, career and death. Achieving this label had some negative impact on the pathways of individuals, but it was not equal to crisis and did not change the course of life dramatically. However, criminal men were less successful on the labor market and the few female offenders appear to be most vulnerable because this label meant they especially transgressed their gendered expectations. Nevertheless, finding that incarceration did not ruin the future prospects of young people challenges the stigma emphasized by some labeling concepts. It seems as if offenders confronted social exclusion to a limited extent and were governed by tolerant attitudes and a prosperous labor market.

  • 46.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts.
    In the Name of Shame?: The Correlation between, and the Consequences of, Migration and Illegitimacy in Sundsvall During Industrialization1998In: Sex, State and Society: Historical Perspectives on Sexuality, 1998Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 47.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Historical Studies.
    In the name of shame?: The correlation between migration and illegitimacy in Sundsvall during industrialization2000In: Sex, state and society: comparative perspectives on the history of sexuality / [ed] Lars-Göran Tedebrand, Umeå: Almkvist & Wiksell International , 2000, p. 153-179Chapter in book (Other academic)
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  • 48.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Historical Studies.
    Juvenile Delinquency and the Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Youths Committing Crimes in and Area and Century of Change: The Sundsvall region, Sweden, 1840-18802004Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 49.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Historical Studies. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Population Studies (CPS).
    Kvinnors liv efter brott – en hopplös historia?: levnadsbanor bland kvinnliga brottslingar i 1800-talets Sundsvallsregion2008In: THULE, 2008: Kungl. Skytteanska Samfundets Årsbok 2008 / [ed] Jacobsson, Roger, Umeå: Kungl. Skytteanska Samfundet , 2008, p. 77-100Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 50.
    Vikström, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Life prior to crime and after: demographic perspectives of juvenile delinquents in the nineteenth-century Sundsvall region, Sweden2004Conference paper (Other academic)
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