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  • 1.
    Ali, Hazrat
    et al.
    College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
    Nyman, Emma
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Grönlund, Christer
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Translation of atherosclerotic disease features onto healthy carotid ultrasound images using domain-to-domain translation2023Ingår i: Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, ISSN 1746-8094, E-ISSN 1746-8108, Vol. 85, artikel-id 104886Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: In this work, we evaluated a model for the translation of atherosclerotic disease features onto healthy carotid ultrasound images.

    Methods: An un-paired domain-to-domain translation model – the cycle Generative Adversarial Network (cycleGAN) – was trained to translate between carotid ultrasound images of healthy arteries and images of pronounced disease. Translation performance was evaluated using the measurement of wall thickness in original and generated images. In addition, we explored disease translation in different tissue segments (subcutaneous tissue, muscle, lumen, far wall, and deep tissues), using structural similarity index measure (SSIM) maps.

    Results: Features of pronounced disease were successfully translated to the healthy images (1.2 (0.33) mm vs 0.43 (0.07) mm, p < 0.001), while overall anatomy was retained as SSIM value was equal to 0.78 (0.02). Exploration of translated features showed that both arterial wall and subcutaneous tissues were modified in the translation, but that the subcutaneous tissue was subject to distortion of the anatomy in some cases. The image quality influenced the disease translation performance.

    Conclusion: The results show that the model can learn a mapping between healthy and diseased images while retaining the overall anatomical contents. This is the first study on atherosclerosis disease translation in medical images.

    Significance: The concept of translating disease onto existing healthy images may serve purposes such as education, cardiovascular risk communication in health conversations, or personalized modelling in precision medicine.

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  • 2.
    Andersson, Anne
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
    Enblad, Gunilla
    Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Erlanson, Martin
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
    Johansson, Ann Sofie
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
    Molin, Daniel
    Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Tavelin, Björn
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Melin, Beatrice S.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
    High risk of cardiovascular side effects after treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma: is there a need for intervention in long-term survivors?2021Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 126, artikel-id e6117Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients have a good prognosis after adequate treatment. Previous treatment with mantle field irradiation has been accompanied by an increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study identified co-morbidity factors for the development of cardiovascular side effects and initiated an intervention study aimed to decrease morbidity and mortality of CVD in HL survivors.

    Design: Hodgkin lymphoma patients aged ≤45 years diagnosed between 1965 and 1995 were invited to participate. In total, 453 patients completed a questionnaire that addressed co-morbidity factors and clinical symptoms. Of these, 319 accepted to participate in a structured clinical visit. The statistical analyses compared individuals with CVD with those with no CVD.

    Results: Cardiovascular disease was reported by 27.9%. Radiotherapy (odds ratio [OR]: 3.27), hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were shown to be independent risk factors for the development of CVD. The OR for CVD and valve disease in patients who received radiotherapy towards mediastinum was 4.48 and 6.07, respectively. At clinical visits, 42% of the patients were referred for further investigation and 24% of these had a cardiac ultrasound performed due to previously unknown heart murmurs.

    Conclusion: Radiotherapy towards mediastinum was an independent risk factor for CVD as well as hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. A reasonable approach as intervention for this cohort of patients is regular monitoring of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia and referral to adequate investigation when cardiac symptoms appear. Broad knowledge about the side effects from radiotherapy in the medical community and well-structured information regarding late side effects to the patients are all reasonable approaches as late effects can occur even 40 years after cancer treatment.

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  • 3.
    Andersson, Anne
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
    Enblad, Gunilla
    Uppsala universitet.
    Gustavsson, Anita
    Lunds universitet.
    Erlanson, Martin
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
    Hagberg, Hans
    Uppsala universitet.
    Molin, Daniel
    Uppsala universitet.
    Tavelin, Björn
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Melin, Beatrice
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
    Cardiovascular side effects following treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma: comorbidity factors and a strategy for interventionManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 4.
    Andersson, Anne
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Tavelin, Björn
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
    Enblad, Gunilla
    Gustavsson, Anita
    Malmer, Beatrice
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Onkologi.
    Long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: retrospective cohort analyses and a concept for prospective intervention2009Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 124, nr 8, s. 1914-1917Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous studies have shown increased cardiovascular mortality as late side effects in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients. This study identifies stratifying risk factors for surveillance and defines concepts for a clinical feasible and noninvasive prospective protocol for intervention of cardiovascular side effects. HL patients diagnosed between 1965 and 1995 (n = 6.946) and their first-degree relatives (FDR) were identified through the Swedish Cancer Registry and the Swedish Multigeneration Registry. For the HL and FDR cohort, in-patient care for cardiovascular disease (CVD) was registered through the Hospital Discharge Registry, Sweden. Standard incidence ratios of developing CVD for the HL cohort were calculated. A markedly increased risk for in-patient care of CVD was observed in HL patients with HL diagnosed at age 40 years or younger and with more than 10 years follow-up. In the HL survivors, a family history of congestive heart failure (CHF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) increased the risk for these diseases. The Swedish Hodgkin Intervention and Prevention study started in 2007. In the pilot feasibility study for prospective intervention (47 patients), about 25% of the cases had side effects and laboratory abnormalities. These patients were referred to a cardiologist or general practitioner. In the prospective cohort, a positive family history for CHF or CAD could be a stratifying risk factor when setting up a surveillance model. The prospective on-going study presents an intervention model that screens and treats for comorbidity factors. This article also presents an overview of the study concept.

  • 5.
    Andersson, Elin M
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
    Liv, Per
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Nordin, Steven
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Lindvall, Kristina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Does a multi-component intervention including pictorial risk communication about subclinical atherosclerosis improve perceptions of cardiovascular disease risk without deteriorating efficacy beliefs?2024Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine, ISSN 0277-9536, E-ISSN 1873-5347, Vol. 341, artikel-id 116530Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Pictorial communication about subclinical atherosclerosis can improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but whether it leads to long-term shifts in self-rated CVD risk (risk perception) and beliefs about possibility to influence personal risk (efficacy beliefs) is unknown.

    Purpose: To study the impact of personalized color-coded and age-related risk communication about atherosclerosis and motivational conversation, compared to traditional risk factor-based communication, on risk perception and efficacy beliefs. Also, whether risk perception increases with message severity.

    Method: The effect of the pragmatic RCT Visualization of Asymptomatic Atherosclerotic Disease for Optimum Cardiovascular Prevention (VIPVIZA) was analyzed using a linear mixed effects model with risk perception and efficacy believes at 1-year and 3-year follow up as dependent variables. Participants’ (n = 3532) CVD risk perception and efficacy beliefs were assessed with visual analog scales (0–10). Fixed effects were group (intervention vs control), time point (1 year or 3 years) and interaction between group and time point. Further, the models were adjusted for corresponding baseline measurement of the dependent variable and a baseline × time point interaction. Effect of pictorial color-coded risk in the intervention group was investigated using a corresponding mixed effects model, but with pictorial risk group (message severity) as exposure instead of intervention group.

    Results: After one year, the intervention group rated their CVD risk as higher (m = 0.46, 95% CI 0.32–0.59), with an effect also after 3 years (m = 0.57, 95% CI 0.43–0.70). The effect was consistent in stratified analyses by sex and education. Overall, no effect on efficacy beliefs was observed. In the intervention group, differences in CVD risk perception were found between participants with different color-coded risk messages on atherosclerosis status.

    Conclusion: Personalized, color-coded and age-related risk communication about atherosclerosis had an effect on risk perception with an effect also after 3 years, whereas overall, no effect on efficacy beliefs was observed.

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  • 6.
    Bengtsson, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Allmänmedicin.
    Norberg, Margareta
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Ng, Nawi
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Carlberg, Bo
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Grönlund, Christer
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Hultdin, Johan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap, Klinisk kemi.
    Lindahl, Bernt
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för hållbar hälsa.
    Lindahl, Bertil
    Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Nordin, Steven
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
    Nyman, Emma
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Wennberg, Patrik
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Allmänmedicin.
    Wester, Per
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    The beneficial effect over 3 years by pictorial information to patients and their physician about subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk: results from the VIPVIZA randomized clinical trial2021Ingår i: American Journal of Preventive Cardiology, ISSN 2666-6677, Vol. 7, artikel-id 100199Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Non-adherence to guidelines and preventive measures is a major challenge, particularly so to ob- tain long-term adherence to lifestyle changes and recommended medication. The objective was to investigate if pictorial information regarding subclinical carotid atherosclerosis provided to individuals and physicians gave sustained effects on cardiovascular risk beyond the previously reported effect after 1 year and up to 3 years. 

    Methods: A Prospective Randomized Open Blinded End-point (PROBE) trial. Within a CVD prevention program in Västerbotten County, Sweden, 3532 healthy individuals aged 40, 50 or 60 years were enrolled and 1:1 ran- domized to intervention ( n = 1749; pictorial information with additional prevention materials to participants and physicians) or control group ( n = 1783; no pictorial information to participants and physicians). Preventive measures were managed within primary care. Participants were investigated at baseline during 2013–2016 and at follow-up after 1 and 3 years. 

    Results: A beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk was observed at 3-year follow-up; Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was 13.38 for the intervention group and 14.08 for the control group ( p = 0.047) and SCORE was 1.69 vs. 1.82 ( p = 0.022). The effect observed at 1-year was sustained over 3 years after adjustment for sex and education and more pronounced among participants with a severe atherosclerotic picture at baseline.

    Conclusions: This study provides evidence of sustained beneficial effects on the adherence to prevention guidelines over 3 years of pictorial information about subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, resulting in lower cardiovascular risk regardless of sex and educational level. Direct visualization of the underlying still subclinical atherosclerotic disease, rather than just indirect information about risk factors and statistical risk of future myocardial infarction, stroke and death, is one way to tackle the problem of non-adherence to prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

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  • 7.
    Bengtsson, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Nyman, Emma
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Grönlund, Christer
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Wester, Per
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Fhärm, Eva
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Allmänmedicin.
    Norberg, Margareta
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with combined carotid ultrasound measurements in subclinical atherosclerosisManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 8.
    Bengtsson, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Allmänmedicin.
    Nyman, Emma
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Grönlund, Christer
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Wester, Per
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Fhärm, Eva
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Allmänmedicin.
    Norberg, Margareta
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Multi-view carotid ultrasound is stronger associated with cardiovascular risk factors than presence of plaque or single carotid intima media thickness measurements in subclinical atherosclerosis2023Ingår i: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, ISSN 1569-5794, E-ISSN 1875-8312, Vol. 39, nr 8, s. 1461-1471Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We aimed to explore the prevalence of atherosclerosis by using multi-view ultrasound examination of the carotid arteries and its association with clinical risk factors in a middle-aged population at low to intermediate risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Carotid vascular ultrasound was performed in 3532 participants in the VIPVIZA trial. Mean and maximal carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) at prespecified angles and plaque presence were examined on the left and right side. Associations between CVD risk factors and ultrasound variables were quantified by partial least squares (PLS) regression. A combined ultrasound variable was computed using weights of the first PLS component. Associations between CVD risk factors and the combined multi-view ultrasound variable, single cIMT and plaque measurements, respectively, were determined using linear regression modelling. The participants’ mean age was 55.7 years and 52.9% were women. Plaque prevalence was 51.1% in men and 39.0% in women. cIMT was higher in men than in women and in the left compared with the right carotid artery. The strongest association of CVD risk factors was observed with the combined multi-view ultrasound variable (R2 = 24%), compared with single cIMT variables (R2 = 14–18%) and plaque presence (R2 = 15%). The pattern was similar in both sexes. The association with CVD risk factors and the combined ultrasound variable was stronger in 40-year olds (R2 = 22%) compared with 50- or 60-year olds (R = 12%). CVD risk factors are stronger associated with a combined ultrasound variable than plaque presence or single cIMT measures suggesting that carotid multi-view ultrasonography better captures the focality of early atherosclerosis. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01849575. May 8, 2013.

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  • 9.
    Björ, Bodil
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Yrkes- och miljömedicin.
    Burström, Lage
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Yrkes- och miljömedicin.
    Karlsson, Marcus
    Nilsson, Tohr
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Yrkes- och miljömedicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Wiklund, Urban
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Acute effects on heart rate variability when exposed to hand transmitted vibration and noise.2007Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, ISSN 0340-0131, E-ISSN 1432-1246, Vol. 81, nr 2, s. 193-199Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: This study investigates possible acute effects on heart rate variability (HRV) when people are exposed to hand transmitted vibration and noise individually and simultaneously. METHODS: Ten male and 10 female subjects were recruited by advertisement. Subjects completed a questionnaire concerning their work environment, general health, medication, hearing, and physical activity level. The test started with the subject resting for 15 min while sitting down. After resting, they were exposed to one of four exposure conditions: (1) only vibration; (2) only noise; (3) both noise and vibration; or (4) a control condition of exposure to the static load only. All four exposures lasted 15 min and the resting time between the exposures was 30 min. A continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was recorded and the following HRV parameters were calculated: total spectral power (P(TOT)); the spectral power of the very low frequency component (P(VLF)); the low frequency component (P(LF)); the high frequency component (P(HF)); and the ratio LF/HF. RESULTS: Exposure to only vibration resulted in a lower P(TOT) compared to static load, whereas exposure to only noise resulted in a higher P(TOT). The mean values of P(TOT), P(VLF), P(LF), and P(HF) were lowest during exposure to vibration and simultaneous exposure to vibration and noise. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to vibration and/or noise acutely affects HRV compared to standing without these exposures. Being exposed to vibration only and being exposed to noise only seem to generate opposite effects. Compared to no exposure, P(TOT) was reduced during vibration exposure and increased during noise exposure.

  • 10. Byhamre, Marja Lisa
    et al.
    Norberg, Margareta
    Näslund, Ulf
    Wennberg, Patrik
    Snus use, mortality, and socioeconomic factorsManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 11. Chen, Hao Yu
    et al.
    Cairns, Benjamin J.
    Small, Aeron M.
    Burr, Hannah A.
    Ambikkumar, Athithan
    Martinsson, Andreas
    Thériault, Sébastien
    Munter, Hans Markus
    Steffen, Brian
    Zhang, Richard
    Levinson, Rebecca T.
    Shaffer, Christian M.
    Rong, Jian
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Dufresne, Line
    Ljungberg, Johan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Johansson, Bengt
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Ranatunga, Dilrini K.
    Whitmer, Rachel A.
    Budoff, Matthew J.
    Nguyen, Albert
    Vasan, Ramachandran S.
    Larson, Martin G.
    Harris, William S.
    Damrauer, Scott M.
    Stark, Ken D.
    Boekholdt, S. Matthijs
    Wareham, Nicholas J.
    Pibarot, Philippe
    Arsenault, Benoit J.
    Mathieu, Patrick
    Gudnason, Vilmundur
    O'Donnell, Christopher J.
    Rotter, Jerome I.
    Tsai, Michael Y.
    Post, Wendy S.
    Clarke, Robert
    Söderberg, Stefan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Bossé, Yohan
    Wells, Quinn S.
    Smith, J. Gustav
    Rader, Daniel J.
    Lathrop, Mark
    Engert, James C.
    Thanassoulis, George
    Association of FADS1/2 Locus Variants and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids With Aortic Stenosis2020Ingår i: JAMA cardiology, ISSN 2380-6583, E-ISSN 2380-6591, Vol. 5, nr 6, s. 694-702Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Importance: Aortic stenosis (AS) has no approved medical treatment. Identifying etiological pathways for AS could identify pharmacological targets.

    Objective: To identify novel genetic loci and pathways associated with AS.

    Design, Setting, and Participants: This genome-wide association study used a case-control design to evaluate 44 703 participants (3469 cases of AS) of self-reported European ancestry from the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort (from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2015). Replication was performed in 7 other cohorts totaling 256 926 participants (5926 cases of AS), with additional analyses performed in 6942 participants from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium. Follow-up biomarker analyses with aortic valve calcium (AVC) were also performed. Data were analyzed from May 1, 2017, to December 5, 2019.

    Exposures: Genetic variants (615 643 variants) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-6 and ω-3) measured in blood samples.

    Main Outcomes and Measures: Aortic stenosis and aortic valve replacement defined by electronic health records, surgical records, or echocardiography and the presence of AVC measured by computed tomography.

    Results: The mean (SD) age of the 44 703 GERA participants was 69.7 (8.4) years, and 22 019 (49.3%) were men. The rs174547 variant at the FADS1/2 locus was associated with AS (odds ratio [OR] per C allele, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.93; P = 3.0 × 10-6), with genome-wide significance after meta-analysis with 7 replication cohorts totaling 312 118 individuals (9395 cases of AS) (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.94; P = 2.5 × 10-8). A consistent association with AVC was also observed (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99; P = .03). A higher ratio of arachidonic acid to linoleic acid was associated with AVC (OR per SD of the natural logarithm, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.09-1.30; P = 6.6 × 10-5). In mendelian randomization, increased FADS1 liver expression and arachidonic acid were associated with AS (OR per unit of normalized expression, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.17-1.48; P = 7.4 × 10-6]; OR per 5-percentage point increase in arachidonic acid for AVC, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.01-1.49; P = .04]; OR per 5-percentage point increase in arachidonic acid for AS, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.04-1.13; P = 4.1 × 10-4]).

    Conclusions and Relevance: Variation at the FADS1/2 locus was associated with AS and AVC. Findings from biomarker measurements and mendelian randomization appear to link ω-6 fatty acid biosynthesis to AS, which may represent a therapeutic target.

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  • 12.
    Eliasson, Mats
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Jansson, Jan-Håkan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Lundblad, Dan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    The disparity between long-term survival in patients with and without diabetes following a first myocardial infarction did not change between 1989 and 2006: an analysis of 6,776 patients in the Northern Sweden MONICA Study2011Ingår i: Diabetologia, ISSN 0012-186X, E-ISSN 1432-0428, Vol. 54, nr 10, s. 2538-2543Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims/hypothesis: Long-term survival after myocardial infarction(MI) has improved in the population, but data ondiabetic patients is lacking. We analysed survival for up to18 years after a first MI in patients with or without diabetes

    Methods: The Northern Sweden MONICA MyocardialInfarction Registry was linked to the Cause-of-DeathRegistry for a total of 6,776 patients, 25–64 years of age,with a first MI during 1989–2006. Prehospital deaths wereincluded. Follow-up ended on 30 August 2008.

    Results: Sixteen per cent had diabetes. Median follow-uptime was 6.8 years, and the study included 50,667 patientyears.One third of the non-diabetic patients died vs half ofthe diabetic patients. Median survival for non-diabetic menwas 227 months and for diabetic men 123 months.Corresponding figures for the non-diabetic and diabeticwomen were 222 and 81 months respectively. Men withdiabetes had an age-adjusted HR for all-cause mortality of 1.56 (95% CI 1.39, 1.79) vs men without diabetes. Mortality risk was higher among diabetic women, HR1.97 (1.62, 2.39) (diabetes × sex interaction, p=0.03). Survival increased for three consecutive cohorts and washigher in non-diabetic patients for all durations of follow-upand in all three cohorts. The interaction of diabetes x cohortwas not significant over time (p=0.5) and HRs did notdiffer either.

    Conclusions/interpretation Long-term survival after a firstMI is markedly lower in diabetic patients, especially amongwomen, over an 18-year observation time. Althoughsurvival has improved in diabetic patients, the effect ofdiabetes upon mortality has not diminished.

  • 13.
    Eriksson, Peter
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    [Aggressive or conservative strategy in unstable coronary disease. Is the scrutiny of the investigating experts by the three professors unbiased?]2006Ingår i: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 103, nr 30-31, s. 2240-1; discussion 2241Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 14. Friberg, Örjan
    et al.
    Engström, Karl-Gunnar
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Kirurgi.
    Hentschel, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Freter, Wolfgang
    Åberg, Bengt
    Dahlin, Lars-Göran
    Sandin, Mathias
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Carath -ett verksamhetsinitierat kvalitetsregister och processtöd: Ger toraxkirurgin bra möjlighet att följa vårdprocessen2011Ingår i: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 108, nr 26-28, s. 1365-1369Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [sv]

    Vi redovisar här våra mångåriga erfarenheter av uppbyggnaden och implementeringen av ett IT-processtöd (Carath) för specialiserad vård, i detta fall toraxkirurgi. Kombinerade kvalitets- och processdata ur Carath har givit en unik möjlighet att följa för vårdprocessen relevanta nyckeltal. Sjukvårdsprocesser är komplexa. Bristande detaljkunskap om dessa eller underskattning av tidsåtgång för planering leder till fel i databasen, vilka kan vara svåra att korrigera i efterhand. Avsevärda resurser bör avsättas för att säkerställa en god validitet på data i ett kvalitetsregister. Komplexiteten i att koppla ihop t ex kvalitetsregister och datajournal med varandra på ett tillförlitligt vis ska inte underskattas.

  • 15.
    Gottsäter, Anders
    et al.
    Lunds universitet, Kärlsektionen, Skånes universitetssjukhus, Sweden.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin. Hjärtcentrum, Norrlands universitetssjukhus, Sweden.
    Nya riktlinjer för behandling av perifer artärsjukdom: Multidisciplinära kärlcentrum rekommenderas2018Ingår i: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 115, nr 9-10, artikel-id EWYIArtikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 16.
    Gustafsson, Nils
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för odontologi.
    Ahlqvist, Jan B.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för odontologi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Wester, Per
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin. Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Buhlin, Kare
    Gustafsson, Anders
    Levring Jäghagen, Eva
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för odontologi.
    Calcified carotid artery atheromas in panoramic radiographs are associated with a first myocardial infarction: a case-control study2018Ingår i: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology, ISSN 2212-4403, E-ISSN 2212-4411, Vol. 125, nr 2, s. 199-205Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate whether patients with a first myocardial infarction (MI) had a higher prevalence of calcified carotid artery atheromas (CCAAs) on panoramic radiographs (PRs) than age-, gender-, and residential area-matched controls without MI. Study Design. Six hundred ninety-six cases with a first MI and 696 controls were included in this substudy of the Swedish multicentre PAROKRANK study. All participants underwent panoramic radiography, and the PRs were evaluated for CCAAs. Results. The prevalence of CCAAs detected by PR was 33.8% (235 of 696) in cases and 27.6% (192 of 696) in controls (odds ratio [OR] 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.44; P = .012). Among males, 32.7% of cases (184 of 562) and 26.5% of controls (149 of 562) displayed CCAAs on PRs (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.03-1.48; P = .022). Among both genders, bilateral CCAAs were significantly more common among cases than among controls (P = .002). Conclusions. Cases with recent MIs had a significantly higher prevalence of CCAAs on PRs compared with controls without MIs. This difference between groups was more pronounced for bilateral CCAAs. These findings supported the hypothesis that CCAA detection could serve as a risk indicator for future MIs.

  • 17.
    Gustafsson, Nils
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för odontologi.
    Ahlqvist, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för odontologi.
    Norhammar, Anna
    Department of Medicine K2, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Capio S:t Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Rydén, Lars
    Department of Medicine K2, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
    Wester, Per
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin. Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Levring Jäghagen, Eva
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för odontologi.
    Association of high cardiovascular risk and diabetes with calcified carotid artery atheromas depicted on panoramic radiographs2022Ingår i: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology, ISSN 2212-4403, E-ISSN 2212-4411, Vol. 133, nr 1, s. 88-99Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To evaluate whether estimates of risk of future cardiovascular events and death and established or unknown diabetes are significantly associated with calcified carotid artery atheromas (CCAAs) on panoramic radiographs (PRs). The main focus was on men and women without previous myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: The PAROKRANK (Periodontitis and its Relation to Coronary Artery Disease) study included patients with a first MI and matched control subjects. In this substudy, 738 patients (138 women) and 744 control subjects (144 women) with available PRs were assessed for CCAA. Cardiovascular risk estimates were determined according to the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE). Established and previously unknown diabetes was also determined. Results: CCAA was detected on PRs in 206 control subjects (28%) and 251 patients (34%). FRS was significantly associated with CCAA among control subjects (P = .04) and patients (P = .001). SCORE was associated with CCAA among control subjects (P < .01) but not patients (P = .07). Among men, FRS and SCORE were associated with CCAA in both control subjects and patients. Diabetes was not significantly associated with CCAA after adjustments. Conclusions: Elevated cardiovascular risk scores were associated with CCAA on PRs among control subjects. Diabetes was not independently associated with CCAA, possibly owing to selection bias.

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  • 18.
    Gustafsson, Nils
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för odontologi.
    Ahlqvist, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för odontologi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Buhlin, K.
    Gustafsson, A.
    Kjellström, B.
    Klinge, B.
    Rydén, L.
    Levring Jäghagen, Eva
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för odontologi.
    Associations among Periodontitis, Calcified Carotid Artery Atheromas, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction2020Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research, ISSN 0022-0345, E-ISSN 1544-0591, Vol. 99, nr 1, s. 60-68Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of morbidity and premature mortality. Cardiovascular disease can be prevented when risk factors are identified early. Calcified carotid artery atheromas (CCAAs), detected in panoramic radiographs, and periodontitis have both been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This case-control study aimed to 1) investigate associations between periodontitis and CCAA detected in panoramic radiographs and 2) determine the risk of future myocardial infarctions due to CCAA combined with periodontitis. We evaluated 1,482 participants (738 cases and 744 controls) with periodontitis and CCAAs recruited from the PAROKRANK study (Periodontitis and Its Relation to Coronary Artery Disease). Participants were examined with panoramic radiographs, including the carotid regions. Associations between myocardial infarction and periodontitis combined with CCAA were evaluated in 696 cases and 696 age-, sex-, and residential area-matched controls. Periodontitis was evaluated radiographically (as degree of bone loss) and with a clinical periodontal disease index score (from clinical and radiographic assessments). We found associations between CCAA and clinical periodontal disease index score among cases (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.10; P = 0.02) and controls (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.38; P < 0.01), although not between CCAA and the degree of bone loss. In a multivariable model, myocardial infarction was associated with CCAA combined with periodontitis, as assessed by degree of bone loss (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.74; P = 0.01). When the cohort was stratified by sex, only men showed a significant association between myocardial infarction and CCAA combined with periodontitis. Participants with clinically diagnosed periodontitis exhibited CCAA in panoramic radiographs more often than those without periodontitis, irrespective of the presence of a recent myocardial infarction. Participants with combined periodontitis and CCAA had a higher risk of having had myocardial infarction as compared with participants with either condition alone. These findings implied that patients in dental care might benefit from dentists assessing panoramic radiographs for CCAA-particularly, patients with periodontitis who have not received any preventive measures for cardiovascular disease.

  • 19.
    Gustafsson, Nils
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för odontologi.
    Ahlqvist, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för odontologi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Wester, Per
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Rydén, Lars
    Norhammar, Anna
    Levring Jäghagen, Eva
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för odontologi.
    Increased risk of future cardiovascular events among individuals with observed calcified carotid artery atheromasManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 20.
    Haney, Michael F
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Häggmark, Sören
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Johansson, Göran
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    ST changes and temporal relation to the J point during heart rate increase and myocardial ischemia.2009Ingår i: Journal of electrocardiology, ISSN 1532-8430, Vol. 42, nr 1, s. 6-11Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    There is no concensus concerning where in the ST segment to measure. We studied the relation between different J point intervals to ST results during tachycardia and ischemia. Symptomatic (anesthetized) patients with coronary artery disease were paced at ascending incremental levels until they became ischemic. ST vector magnitude and ST vector change from baseline (STC-VM) as well as the sum of ST changes from all 12 electrocardiogram (ECG) leads (ECG ST sum) were measured at J point 0 millisecond, J + 20, J + 60, and J + 80 milliseconds for 34 patients. ST segments increased in similar fashion during pacing and ischemia. There was no difference in ST results when measurement was performed at different time intervals for both STC-VM and ECG ST sum. We conclude that ST assessment by ST change from baseline is not affected by different J point intervals during increased heart rate and ischemia in this clinical model of pacing-induced ischemia and vectorcardiographic ST analysis.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 21.
    Hansén, Nike
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Ljungberg, Johan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Enheten för biobanksforskning.
    Hultdin, Johan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap, Klinisk kemi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Johansson, Bengt
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Söderberg, Stefan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Adipokines are possible risk markers for aortic stenosis requiring surgery2023Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, ISSN 1401-7431, E-ISSN 1651-2006, Vol. 57, nr 1, artikel-id 2247193Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most prevalent valvular heart disease among adults. The adipocyte-derived hormones, leptin and adiponectin, have profound metabolic actions. We examined whether these adipokines are independently associated with future aortic valve replacement (AVR).

    Design: In this longitudinal case-control study, we identified 336 cases who had undergone AVR due to AS, and who had previously participated in population-based health surveys. Two referents were matched to each case and leptin and adiponectin concentrations were analysed from stored baseline survey samples. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the risk of future AVR. An additional cohort was identified for validation including 106 cases with AVR and 212 matched referents.

    Results: Median age (interquartile range (IQR)) in years at survey was 59.9 (10.4) and at surgery 68.3 (12.7), and 48% were women. An elevated concentration of leptin was not associated with future AVR (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) (1.10 [0.92–1.32]), although leptin was associated with a higher risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) having more than 5 years between survey and AVR (1.41 [1.08–1.84]). Adiponectin was not associated with higher risk for future AVR (0.95 [0.82–1.11]), although after stratification for age, higher levels were associated with reduced risk for AVR in persons aged ≥60 years at surgery (0.79 [0.64–0.98]). In the validation study, leptin was associated with future AVR whereas adiponectin was not. None of the associations remained significant after adjustment for body mass index (BMI).

    Conclusions: The adipokine leptin may promote the development of AS.

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  • 22.
    Hellström Ängerud, Karin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Brulin, Christine
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Hörnsten, Åsa
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    The Process of Care-seeking for Myocardial Infarction Among Patients With Diabetes2015Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, ISSN 0889-4655, E-ISSN 1550-5049, Vol. 30, nr 5, s. E1-E8Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: People with diabetes have a higher risk for myocardial infarction (MI) than do people without diabetes. It is extremely important that patients with MI seek medical care as soon as possible after symptom onset because the shorter the time from symptom onset to treatment, the better the prognosis.

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore how people with diabetes experience the onset of MI and how they decide to seek care.

    METHODS: We interviewed 15 patients with diabetes, 7 men and 8 women, seeking care for MI. They were interviewed 1 to 5 days after their admission to hospital. Five of the participants had had a previous MI; 5 were being treated with insulin; 5, with a combination of insulin and oral antidiabetic agents; and 5, with oral agents only. Data were analyzed according to grounded theory.

    RESULTS: The core category that emerged, "becoming ready to act," incorporated the related categories of perceiving symptoms, becoming aware of illness, feeling endangered, and acting on illness experience. Our results suggest that responses in each of the categories affect the care-seeking process and could be barriers or facilitators in timely care-seeking. Many participants did not see themselves as susceptible to MI and MI was not expressed as a complication of diabetes.

    CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diabetes engaged in a complex care-seeking process, including several delaying barriers, when they experienced symptoms of an MI. Education for patients with diabetes should include discussions about their increased risk of MI, the range of individual variation in symptoms and onset of MI, and the best course of action when possible symptoms of MI occur.

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  • 23.
    Hellström Ängerud, Karin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Brulin, Christine
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin. Internal Medicine, Sunderbyn, Luleå, Sweden.
    Longer pre-hospital delay in first myocardial infarction among patients with diabetes: an analysis of 4266 patients in the Northern Sweden MONICA Study2013Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, ISSN 1471-2261, E-ISSN 1471-2261, Vol. 13, nr 6Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Reperfusion therapy reduces both morbidity and mortality in myocardial infarction, but the effectiveness depends on how fast the patient receives treatment. Despite the time-dependent effectiveness of reperfusion therapy, many patients with myocardial infarction have delays in seeking medical care. The aim of this study was to describe pre-hospital delay in a first myocardial infarction among men and women with and without diabetes and to describe the association between pre-hospital delay time and diabetes, sex, age, symptoms and size of residential area as a proxy for distance to hospital.

    Methods: This population based study was based on data from 4266 people aged 25-74 years, with a first myocardial infarction registered in the Northern Sweden MONICA myocardial infarction registry between 2000 and 2008.

    Results: The proportion of patients with delay times >= 2 h was 64% for patients with diabetes and 58% for patients without diabetes. There was no difference in delay time >= 2 h between men and women with diabetes. Diabetes, older age and living in a town or rural areas were factors associated with pre-hospital delay times >= 2 h. Atypical symptoms were not a predictor for pre-hospital delay times >= 2 h, OR 0.59 (0.47; 0.75).

    Conclusions: A higher proportion of patients with diabetes have longer pre-hospital delay in myocardial infarction than patients without diabetes. There are no differences in pre-hospital delay between men and women with diabetes. The largest risk difference for pre-hospital delay >= 2 h is between women with and without diabetes. Diabetes, older age and living in a town or rural area are predictors for pre-hospital delay >= 2 h.

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    Longer pre-hospital delay in first myocardial infarction among patients with diabetes: an analysis of 4266 patients in the Northern Sweden MONICA Study
  • 24.
    Hellström Ängerud, Karin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Brulin, Christine
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin. Internal Medicine, Sunderbyn, Luleå, Sweden.
    Patients with diabetes are not more likely to have atypical symptoms when seeking care of a first myocardial infarction: an analysis of 4028 patients in the Northern Sweden MONICA Study2012Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine, ISSN 0742-3071, E-ISSN 1464-5491, Vol. 29, nr 7, s. e82-e87Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To describe symptoms of a first myocardial infarction in men and women with and without diabetes.

    Methods: We conducted a population-based study of 4028 people aged 25-74 years, with first myocardial infarction registered in the Northern Sweden Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease (MONICA) myocardial infarction registry between 2000 and 2006. Symptoms were classified as typical or atypical according to the World Health Organization MONICA manual.

    Results: Among patients with diabetes, 90.1% reported typical symptoms of myocardial infarction; the corresponding proportion among patients without diabetes was 91.5%. In the diabetes group, 88.8% of women and 90.8% of men had typical symptoms of myocardial infarction. No differences were found in symptoms of myocardial infarction between women with and without diabetes or between men with and without diabetes. Atypical symptoms were more prevalent in the older age groups (> 65 years) than in the younger age groups (< 65 years). The increases were approximately equal among men and women, with and without diabetes. Diabetes was not an independent predictor for having atypical symptoms of myocardial infarction.

    Conclusions: Typical symptoms of myocardial infarction were equally prevalent in patients with and without diabetes and there were no sex differences in symptoms among persons with diabetes. Diabetes was not a predictor of atypical symptoms.

    © 2011 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine© 2011 Diabetes UK.

  • 25.
    Hellström Ängerud, Karin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Thylen, Ingela
    Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University.
    Sederholm Lawesson, Sofia
    Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University.
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Brulin, Christine
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Symptoms, response to symptoms, and delay times during myocardial infarction in 694 patients with and without diabetesManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 26.
    Hellström Ängerud, Karin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Thylén, Ingela
    Sederholm Lawesson, Sofia
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Brulin, Christine
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Symptoms and delay times during myocardial infarction in 694 patients with and without diabetes: an explorative cross-sectional study2016Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, ISSN 1471-2261, E-ISSN 1471-2261, Vol. 16, artikel-id 108Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: In myocardial infarction (MI) a short pre-hospital delay, prompt diagnosis and timely reperfusion treatment can improve the prognosis. Despite the importance of timely care seeking, many patients with MI symptoms delay seeking medical care. Previous research is inconclusive about differences in symptom presentation and pre-hospital delay between patients with and without diabetes during MI. The aim of this study was to describe symptoms and patient delay during MI in patients with and without diabetes.

    METHODS: Swedish cross-sectional multicentre survey study enrolling MI patients in 5 centres within 24 h from admittance.

    RESULTS: Chest pain was common in patients both with and without diabetes and did not differ after adjustment for age and sex. Patients with diabetes had higher risk for shoulder pain/discomfort, shortness of breath, and tiredness, but lower risk for cold sweat. The three most common symptoms reported by patients with diabetes were chest pain, pain in arms/hands and tiredness. In patients without diabetes the most common symptoms were chest pain, cold sweat and pain in arms/hands. Median patient delay time was 2 h, 24 min for patients with diabetes and 1 h, 15 min for patients without diabetes (p = 0.024).

    CONCLUSION: Chest pain was common both in patients with and without diabetes. There were more similarities than differences in MI symptoms between patients with and without diabetes but patients with diabetes had considerably longer delay. This knowledge is important not only for health care personnel meeting patients with suspected MI, but also for the education of people with diabetes.

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  • 27.
    Holmberg, Henrik
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Sjölander, Maria
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för integrativ medicinsk biologi (IMB).
    Glader, Eva-Lotta
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Carlberg, Bo
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Norberg, Margareta
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Själander, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Time to initiation of lipid-lowering drugs for subclinical atherosclerosis: sub-study of VIPVIZA randomized controlled trial, with single-arm cross-over2022Ingår i: European Heart Journal Open, E-ISSN 2752-4191, Vol. 2, nr 1, artikel-id oeac003Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS: Visual information about subclinical atherosclerosis was provided to physicians and participants in the VIPVIZA trial, inclusion 2013-16 in northern Sweden, aiming to improve adherence to cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention guidelines. Pictorial risk information may be more actionable. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intervention with pictorial risk information on time to first dispensing of statins.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: Asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease was screened for by carotid ultrasound examination in 3532 participants enrolled in VIPVIZA, of those 3000 met the criteria for this study. Participants were randomly assigned to receive pictorial risk information consisting of graphical representation of atherosclerosis as compared to a control group without intervention. Time to initiation of statins was assessed during 5 years of follow-up through the National prescribed drug register. After 3 years, both groups were re-examined and received the intervention information. In the intervention group, initiation of statins increased considerably for the first 3 years and a smaller increase was also seen after re-intervention. After the cross-over, the control group showed a sharp increase in initiation of statins, almost reaching the same proportion treated at 5 years. The propensity to initiate statin treatment increased over the study period and there was no difference between men and women.

    CONCLUSIONS: The pictorial information had an effect on time to initiation of statins, both as original and repeated intervention and also in the control group after single-arm cross-over. The current study supports pictorial information as a tool to shorten time to initiation of statins for CVD prevention.

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  • 28.
    Holmgren, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Bull Enger, Tone
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Videm, Vibeke
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Valle, Solveig
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Dybvad Evjemo, Karen Julie
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Wahba, Alexander
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Results of surgical aortic valve replacement in a Swedish population: relative survival vs. observed mortalityManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 29.
    Holmgren, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin. Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden..
    Enger, Tone Bull
    Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Videm, Vibeke
    Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
    Valle, Solveig
    Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    Evjemo, Karen Julie Dybvad
    Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    Friberg, Örjan
    Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Wahba, Alexander
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin. Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Clinic of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
    Long-term results after aortic valve replacement for bicuspid or tricuspid valve morphology in a Swedish population2021Ingår i: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, ISSN 1010-7940, E-ISSN 1873-734X, Vol. 59, nr 3, s. 570-576Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to study long-term observed and relative survival after first-time aortic valve replacement surgery with or without concomitant coronary artery bypass surgery with reference to valve morphology (i.e. bicuspid vs tricuspid).

    METHODS: Consecutive patients (n = 5086) from 3 Swedish hospitals, operated on between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2016, were included. The 30-day mortality (n = 116, 2.3%) was excluded from the analysis of long-term observed and relative survival (n = 4970). Observed survival was analysed using Cox regression. Relative survival was calculated as the ratio between observed and expected survival based on data from the general Swedish population, matched for age, sex and calendar year. Risk factors for death were explored using multivariable analysis.

    RESULTS: During the follow-up (median 4.7 years) period, 1157 (23%) patients died. Observed survival excluding 30-day mortality was 96.6%, 82.7% and 57.6% after 1, 5 and 10 years. Compared with the general Swedish population, the relative 1-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 99.0%, 97.5% and 89.0%. Bicuspid morphology was independently associated with higher observed and relative long-term survival. Renal dysfunction, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, smoking and atrial fibrillation were associated with higher long-term mortality. Combined surgery was not associated with higher observed or relative mortality.

    CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a bicuspid morphology had better prognosis, matching that of the general population. With increased age, long-term relative survival compared favourably with survival in the general Swedish population. Adding coronary artery bypass surgery to an aortic valve replacement procedure did not affect long-term outcome.

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  • 30.
    Holmgren, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Ljungberg, Johan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Hultdin, Johan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap, Klinisk kemi.
    Johansson, Bengt
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Enheten för biobanksforskning.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Söderberg, Stefan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Troponin T but not C-reactive protein is associated with future surgery for aortic stenosis: a population based nested case-referent study2020Ingår i: Open heart, E-ISSN 2053-3624, Vol. 7, nr 2, artikel-id e001325Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: High-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) may convey prognostic information in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). This study evaluated if hs-TnT and hs-CRP associate with myocardial mass, and risk of future surgery for AS.

    Methods: In total, 336 patients (48% women) with surgery for AS with previous participation in large population surveys were identified. Preoperatively, myocardial mass and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) were assessed. Two matched referents were allocated for each case, and hs-TnT and hs-CRP were determined in stored plasma from the baseline survey. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk (OR (95% CI)) related to one (natural logarithm) SD increase in hs-TnT and hs-CRP. Kaplan-Mayer and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate time to surgery.

    Results: Median age (IQR) was 59.8 (10.3) years at survey, and median time between survey and surgery was 10.9 (9.3) years. Hs-TnT was independently associated with surgery for AS (1.24 (1.06–1.44)) irrespective of CAD, whereas Hs-CRP was not (1.05 (0.90–1.22)). Elevated hs-TnT levels at survey associated with shorter time to surgery (p<0.001), and with increased myocardial mass (p=0.002). Hs-CRP did not associate with time to surgery or with myocardial mass.

    Conclusions: Hs-TnT—but not hs-CRP—was associated with increased risk of—and shorter time to—future surgery for AS. Hs-TnT associated with myocardial mass at surgery which indicates that hs-TnT could be a potential biomarker for determining intervention.

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  • 31.
    Holmgren, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Rumsby, Gill
    Gustafsson, Sandra
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Henein, Michael Y.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    The nature of cardiac calcification in aortic stenosis2012Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology, ISSN 0167-5273, E-ISSN 1874-1754, Vol. 158, nr 2, s. 319-321Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 32.
    Häggmark, Sören
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Haney, Michael F
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Jensen, Steen M
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Johansson, Göran
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    ST-segment deviations during pacing-induced increased heart rate in patients without coronary artery disease.2005Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, ISSN 1475-0961, E-ISSN 1475-097X, Vol. 25, nr 4, s. 246-522Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: In order to interpret ST-segment changes as an indicator of ischemia in patients with higher heart rates (HRs), the relation between ST-segment levels and HR needs to be well defined in subjects without coronary artery disease. METHODS: Eighteen patients with normal ECGs in the catheterization laboratory, after radiofrequency ablation of AV nodal re-entry tachycardia or an accessory pathway were included. Computerized online vectorcardiography (VCG) was performed during step-wise atrial pacing-induced increases in HR up to 150 beats min(-1) (bpm). The ST-vector magnitude (ST-VM) and the relative ST change vector magnitude (STC-VM) were analysed at the J point, J + 20 and J + 60 ms. RESULTS: There was no divergence in the course of ST-VM or STC-VM based on J point + 0, 20, or 60 ms during increasing HR. The STC-VM mean values increased progressively during increases in HR above 100 bpm, with an average increase in STC-VM of 15-20 microV per 10 bpm increases in HR. The ST-VM response during HR increases showed a heterogeneous and unpredictable pattern. CONCLUSION: The STC-VM increases linearly with rising HRs above 100 bpm. The STC-VM can exceed widely recognized ischemic thresholds during higher HRs in the absence of ischemia. The choice of J point time to ST-VM measurements as tested here is not important for the STC-VM relation to HR at these HR levels. Further clinical testing is needed to improve the diagnostic specificity of STC-VM measurements during increased HRs.

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  • 33.
    Häggmark, Sören
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Haney, Michael F
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Johansson, Göran
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Biber, Björn
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Vectorcardiographic ST deviations related to increased heart rate in the absence of ischemia in an experimental pig model.2006Ingår i: Journal of Electrocardiology, ISSN 0022-0736, E-ISSN 1532-8430, Vol. 39, nr 2, s. 169-176Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The electrocardiographic ST segment may change when heart rate (HR) increases. We aimed to analyze vectorcardiographic ST relation and myocardial conditions during controlled HR increases in anesthetized pigs. The relative parameters ST change vector magnitude and ST change vector angle were calculated at paced HRs ranging from 85 to 175 beats per minute. ST change vector magnitude increased from baseline 6.3 +/- 1.3 to 26.0 +/- 3.1 microV (P < .01; range, 4-50 microV) at HR 175 beats per minute with similar changes in ST change vector angle, whereas the absolute parameter ST vector magnitude demonstrated a heterogeneous pattern without any systematic relation to HR changes. Microdialysis results from left ventricular wall, with analysis of glucose, lactate, and pyruvate, showed no sign of ischemia during pacing. Potassium concentrations did not change during pacing. We conclude that significant HR-related ST vector changes can occur in the absence of myocardial ischemia.

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  • 34.
    Häggmark, Sören
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Haney, Michael
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Johansson, Göran
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Reiz, Sebastian
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Contributions of myocardial ischemia and heart rate to ST segment changes in patients with or without coronary artery disease.2008Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-5172, E-ISSN 1399-6576, Vol. 52, nr 2, s. 219-228Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: ST changes related to ischemia at different heart rates (HRs) have not been well described. We aimed to analyze ST dynamic changes by vectorcardiography (VCG) during pacing-induced HR changes for subjects with proven coronary artery disease (CAD) and without (non-CAD). METHODS: Symptomatic CAD patients scheduled for elective surgery were enrolled along with a non-CAD group. During anesthesia, both groups were placed at multiple ascending levels. VCG ST data, and in particular in ST change vector magnitude (STC-VM) from baseline, along with arterial and great coronary artery vein (GCV) blood samples were collected to determine regional myocardial lactate production. RESULTS: A total of 35 CAD and 10 non-CAD patients were studied over six incremental 10 beat/min HR increases. STC-VM mean levels increased in the CAD group from 9+/-5 to 131+/-37 microV (standard deviation) compared with non-CAD subjects with 8+/-3-76+/-34 microV. Myocardial ischemia (lactate production) was noted at higher HRs and the positive predictive value for STC-VM to detect ischemia was 58% with the negative predictive value being 88%. STC-VM at 54 microV showed a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 75% for identification of ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: Both HR and ischemia at higher HRs contribute to VCG ST elevation. Established ST ischemia detection concerning HR levels is suboptimal, and further attention to the effects of HR on ST segments is needed to improve electrocardiographic ischemia criteria.

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  • 35.
    Isaksson, Rose-Marie
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Brulin, Christine
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin. Department of Medicine, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Zingmark, Karin
    FoU enheten, Luleå, Norrbottens läns landsting.
    Older women's prehospital experiences of their first myocardial infarction: a qualitative analysis from the Northern Sweden MONICA Study2013Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, ISSN 0889-4655, E-ISSN 1550-5049, Vol. 28, nr 4, s. 360-369Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Few qualitative studies have been conducted on older women’s experiences of myocardial infarction (MI) and, in particular, the time before they seek medical care.

    Objective: The aim of this study was to explore older women’s prehospital experiences of their first MI.

    Methods: Qualitative content analysis was performed on data from individual interviews with 20 women, aged 65 to 80 years (mean, 73.0 years). The participants were interviewed 3 days after admission to a hospital for a confirmed first MI.

    Results: The women perceived their symptoms as a strange and unfamiliar development from indistinct physical sensations to persistent and overwhelming chest pain. Throughout the prehospital phase, they used different strategies such as downplaying and neglecting the symptoms. The symptoms were seen as intrusions in their daily lives, against which the participants defended themselves to remain in control and to maintain social responsibilities. As their symptoms evolved into constant chest pain, the women began to realize the seriousness of their symptoms. When the pain became unbearable, the women took the decision to seek medical care.

    Conclusion: Understanding the complex experiences of older women in the prehospital phase is essential to reducing their patient decision times. The findings of this study should be incorporated into the education of professionals involved in the care of cardiac patients, including those who answer informational and emergency telephone lines.

  • 36.
    Isaksson, Rose-Marie
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Brulin, Christine
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Zingmark, Karin
    Prehospital experiences of older men with a first myocardial infarction: a qualitative analysis within the Northern Sweden MONICA Study2011Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 25, nr 4, s. 787-797Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim:  To explore older men's prehospital experiences of their first myocardial infarction (MI). Background:  The delay between the onset of symptoms to the initiation of medical care is a major determinant of prognosis in MI. The majority of people experiencing MI are men. But few studies have been conducted solely on men's experiences before seeking medical care for MI. The objective of this study was to explore older men's experiences of symptoms and their reasoning during the prehospital phase of their first MI. Method:  Data collection was carried out through individual interviews with 20 men representing the age range 65-80 (mean 71) years. The participants were interviewed 3 days after admission for a confirmed first MI. The interviews were designed to prompt the men to describe their symptoms and their reasoning up to the decision to seek care. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the interviews. Findings:  The prehospital phase in older men was found to be a complex and extended journey. The symptoms were perceived from diffuse ill-being to a cluster of alarming symptoms. The participants dealt with conceptions about MI symptoms. They were unsure about the cause of their symptoms, which did not correspond to their expectations about an MI, and whether they should seek medical care. They had difficulty making the final decision to seek care and strived to maintain a normal life. They initially tried to understand, reduce or treat the symptoms by themselves. The decision to seek medical care preceded a movement from uncertainty to conviction. Conclusions:  Understanding older men's prehospital experiences of MI is essential to reduce their patient decision times. This requires knowledge about the complexity and dynamic evolvement of symptoms, beliefs and strategies to maintain an ordinary life.

  • 37.
    Isaksson, Rose-Marie
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Brulin, Christine
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Zingmark, Karin
    FoU enheten, Luleå, Norrbottens läns landsting.
    Prehospital experiences of older men with a first myocardial infarction: a qualitative analysis within the Northern Sweden MONICA StudyManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To explore older men’s prehospital experiences of their first MI.

    Background:  The delay between the onset of symptoms to the initiation of medical care is a major determinant of prognosis in myocardial infarction (MI).  The largest single component of the delay is the time it takes the person to respond to the symptoms by seeking care. The majority of people experiencing MI are men. But few studies have been conducted solely on men’s experiences before seeking medical care for MI. The objective of this study was to explore older men’s experiences of symptoms and their reasoning during the prehospital phase of their first MI.

    Method: Data collection was carried out through individual interviews with 20 men representing the age range 65–80 (mean 71) years. The participants were interviewed three days after admission for a confirmed first MI (with or without ST elevation). The interviews were designed to prompt the men to describe their symptoms and their reasoning up to the decision to seek care. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the interviews.        

    Findings: The prehospital phase in older men was found to be a complex and extended journey. The symptoms were perceived from diffuse ill-being to a cluster of alarming symptoms. During this journey the participants dealt with conceptions about MI symptoms. They were unsure both about the cause of their symptoms, which did not correspond to their expectations about an MI, and about whether they should seek medical care. They had difficulty making the final decision to seek care and strived to maintain a normal life. They initially tried to understand, reduce, or treat the symptoms by themselves. The decision to seek medical care preceded a movement from uncertainty to conviction.

    Conclusions:Understanding older men’s prehospital experiences of MI is essential to reduce their patient decision times. This requires knowledge about the complexity and dynamic evolvement of symptoms, beliefs and strategies to maintain an ordinary life.

  • 38.
    Isaksson, Rose-Marie
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Jansson, Jan-Håkan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Lundblad, Dan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Zingmark, Karin
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Better long-term survival in young and middle-aged women than in men after a first myocardial infarction between 1985 and 2006. An analysis of 8630 patients in the Northern Sweden MONICA Study.2011Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, ISSN 1471-2261, E-ISSN 1471-2261, Vol. 11, s. 1-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Age-adjusted survival was higher among women than men after a first MI and has improved markedly and equally in both men and women over a 23-year period. This difference was due to lower risk for women to die before reaching hospital.

  • 39.
    Jensen, Steen
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Häggmark, Sören
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Johansson, Göran
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    On-line computerized vectorcardiography: influence of body position, heart rate, radiographic contrast fluid and myocardial ischemia1997Ingår i: Cardiology, Vol. 88, nr 6, s. 576-84Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    On-line computerized vectorcardiography (cVCG) is increasingly being used for continuous monitoring of myocardial ischemia, however, little is known about factors other than ischemia causing electrocardiographic abnormalities. This paper describes how three important cVCG parameters, STC-VM, ST-VM and QRS-VD, are affected by different body positions, myocardial ischemia, contrast injection and increasing heart rate in patients with and without coronary artery disease. The main findings of the study are: contrast injection and different body positions caused major changes in QRS-VD but affected ST-VM and STC-VM to a minor degree. Increasing heart rate by atrial pacing produced substantial changes in all three parameters. Ischemia during angioplasty also produced changes in all three parameters, STC-VM being the most sensitive parameter. In conclusion: (1) STC-VM (> or = 50 microV) is the most valuable parameter for monitoring ischemia; (2) we propose ST-VM > or = 50 microV as criterion instead of previously used 25 microV; (3) QRS-VD cannot be used as a single marker of ischemia, and (4) electrocardiographic changes induced by increased heart rate should be taken into account during interpretation.

  • 40.
    Jensen, Steen
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Johansson, Göran
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Osterman, Göran
    Reiz, Sebastian
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    On-line computerized vectorcardiography monitoring of myocardial ischemia during coronary angioplasty: comparison with 12-lead electrocardiography1994Ingår i: Coron Artery Dis, Vol. 5, nr 6, s. 507-14Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: With new interventions minimizing ischemic myocardial injury, accurate and reliable techniques for the detection and continuous monitoring of myocardial ischemia are essential. We compared two techniques used for the detection of myocardial ischemia during coronary angioplasty: on-line computerized vectorcardiographic (cVCG) monitoring and the standard electrocardiography (ECG) leads or the complete 12-lead ECG. METHODS: Thirty patients scheduled for routine angioplasty were included in the study. cVCG was recorded continuously. The electrodes were placed according to the lead system described by Frank and connected to a computerized system for on-line vectorcardiography. A 12-lead ECG was recorded simultaneously. The absolute variable spatial ST vector magnitude (ST-VM) and the relative variable spatial ST change vector magnitude (STC-VM) were calculated and compared with the standard 12-lead ECG for the detection of ischemia. RESULTS: The sum of deviation in ST segment in all 12 standard ECG leads correlated closely with STC-VM, irrespective of which artery was occluded. STC-VM indicated ischemia during the first balloon inflation in 87% of the patients and demonstrated ischemia in more patients than the standard 12-lead ECG. Myocardial ischemia was not demonstrated by ST-VM in five out of 26 patients with ischemia according to STC-VM. In these cases, mainly directional vector changes and fewer changes in magnitude were observed. CONCLUSION: Compared with 12-lead ECG, on-line cVCG is a more sensitive method of detecting myocardial ischemia during coronary angioplasty and the reading is easier and faster. Our results support STC-VM > or = 0.050 mV as the criterion for ischemia during angioplasty; ST-VM should be applied together with STC-VM.

  • 41.
    Jensen, Steen
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Karp, Kjell
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Klinisk fysiologi.
    Häggmark, Sören
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Johansson, Göran
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Assessment of myocardium at risk in pigs with single photon emission computed tomography and computerized vectorcardiography during transient coronary occlusion2000Ingår i: Scand Cardiovasc J, Vol. 34, nr 2, s. 142-8Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Since myocardium at risk (MAR) is the major prognosticator of final infarct size and outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction, it is highly desirable to estimate the size of the acutely ischemic myocardium, that is the MAR, in these patients. We assessed MAR size by Tc-99m-sestamibi-SPECT and computerized vectorcardiography using autoradiography as reference method. Transient myocardial ischemia was achieved in 12 pigs by coronary artery occlusion with PTCA catheters. During the procedure, computerized vectorcardiography was continuously recorded. After injection of Tc-99m-sestamibi and gadolinium-153-labelled microspheres, MAR size was estimated by SPECT and post-mortem autoradiography. Different cut-off levels (50-70%) were compared with respect to MAR-SPECT. Tc-99m-sestamibi-SPECT showed a good correlation with autoradiography (r = 0.94). Computerized vectorcardiography showed a good correlation with autoradiography as well as with Tc-99m-sestamibi-SPECT (STC-VM: r = 0.75 and 0.80, respectively, ST-VM: 0.75 and 0.87, respectively). It was found that 1) MAR assessed by Tc-99m-sestamibi-SPECT correlates closely with the autoradiographic reference; 2) a lower cut-off point of 60% of maximum uptake for MAR by Tc-99m-sestamibi-SPECT gives the closest correlation with the autoradiographic reference; and 3) ST-VM and STC-VM correlate well with MAR assessed by Tc-99m-sestamibi-SPECT and autoradiography.

  • 42.
    Kesek, Milos
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Rönn, Folke
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Tollefsen, Titti
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Höglund, Niklas
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Jensen, Steen M
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Symptomatic improvement after catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia measured by the arrhythmia-specific questionnaire U222011Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 116, nr 1, s. 52-59Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    After successful ablation of accessory pathway and atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, the U22 protocol detected a relevant increase in arrhythmia-related well-being. Modest improvement in general well-being was detected by the SF-36 protocol.

  • 43.
    Kesek, Milos
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Tollefsen, Titti
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Höglund, Niklas
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Rönn, Folke
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Jensen, Steen M
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    U22, a protocol to quantify symptoms associated with supraventricular tachycardia.2009Ingår i: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, ISSN 0147-8389, E-ISSN 1540-8159, ISSN 1540-8159, Vol. 32, nr S1, s. S105-S108Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The main indication for ablation of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVTA) is symptomatic relief. Specific paroxysmal symptoms cannot be quantified with general measures of quality of life, such as with the SF-36 questionnaire. U22 is a new protocol which measures the effects of arrhythmia on well-being, the intensity of discomfort during an episode, the type and temporal characteristics of dominant symptoms, and the duration and frequency of episodes. Discrete 0-10 scales are used. Unlike SF-36, U22 can be used in individual patients. METHODS: U22 and SF-36 protocols were used in the symptomatic evaluation of 88 patients (mean age = 49.6 +/- 16.4 years; 43 men), who underwent catheter ablation of SVTA. Results: The U22 scores (SD) for (a) well-being (10 being best), (b) effects of arrhythmia on well-being (10 being worst), and (c) discomfort during arrhythmia (10 being worst) were 5.6 (2.7), 7.5 (2.8), and 8.0 (2.4), respectively. For comparison, the physical and mental component summaries of SF-36 were 45.3 (11.0) and 45.2 (12.1), respectively, slightly lower than the expected normal of 50. The intensity of dominant symptom scored by U22 was 9.7 (1.2), 10 being worst. In 29% of patients > or =4 symptoms were equally dominant. Multiple dominant symptoms in U22 were associated with a low general well-being in SF-36. CONCLUSION: We found U22 useful to quantify symptoms associated with SVTA.

  • 44.
    Kovrov, Oleg
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap.
    Landfors, Fredrik
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Saar-Kovrov, Valeria
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap. CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases MUMC+, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Olivecrona, Gunilla
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap.
    Effects of human plasma components on the activity of lipoprotein lipase: a study of samples from the VIPVIZA cohort using isothermal titration calorimetryManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 45.
    Kovrov, Oleg
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap, Fysiologisk kemi.
    Landfors, Fredrik
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Saar-Kovrov, Valeria
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap, Fysiologisk kemi. Department of Pathology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases MUMC+, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin. Heart Centre.
    Olivecrona, Gunilla
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap, Fysiologisk kemi.
    Lipoprotein size is a main determinant for the rate of hydrolysis by exogenous LPL in human plasma2022Ingår i: Journal of Lipid Research, ISSN 0022-2275, E-ISSN 1539-7262, Vol. 63, nr 1, artikel-id 100144Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    LPL is a key player in plasma triglyceride metabolism. Consequently, LPL is regulated by several proteins during synthesis, folding, secretion, and transport to its site of action at the luminal side of capillaries, as well as during the catalytic reaction. Some proteins are well known, whereas others have been identified but are still not fully understood. We set out to study the effects of the natural variations in the plasma levels of all known LPL regulators on the activity of purified LPL added to samples of fasted plasma taken from 117 individuals. The enzymatic activity was measured at 25°C using isothermal titration calorimetry. This method allows quantification of the ability of an added fixed amount of exogenous LPL to hydrolyze triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in plasma samples by measuring the heat produced. Our results indicate that, under the conditions used, the normal variation in the endogenous levels of apolipoprotein C1, C2, and C3 or the levels of angiopoietinlike proteins 3, 4, and 8 in the fasted plasma samples had no significant effect on the recorded activity of the added LPL. Instead, the key determinant for the LPL activity was a lipid signature strongly correlated to the average size of the VLDL particles. The signature involved not only several lipoprotein and plasma lipid parameters but also apolipoprotein A5 levels. While the measurements cannot fully represent the action of LPL when attached to the capillary wall, our study provides knowledge on the interindividual variation of LPL lipolysis rates in human plasma.

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  • 46. Køber, Lars
    et al.
    Torp-Pedersen, Christian
    McMurray, John J V
    Gøtzsche, Ole
    Lévy, Samuel
    Crijns, Harry
    Amlie, Jan
    Carlsen, Jan
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Increased mortality after dronedarone therapy for severe heart failure.2008Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine, ISSN 1533-4406, Vol. 358, nr 25, s. 2678-87Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Dronedarone is a novel antiarrhythmic drug with electrophysiological properties that are similar to those of amiodarone, but it does not contain iodine and thus does not cause iodine-related adverse reactions. Therefore, it may be of value in the treatment of patients with heart failure. METHODS: In a multicenter study with a double-blind design, we planned to randomly assign 1000 patients who were hospitalized with symptomatic heart failure and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction to receive 400 mg of dronedarone twice a day or placebo. The primary end point was the composite of death from any cause or hospitalization for heart failure. RESULTS: After inclusion of 627 patients (310 in the dronedarone group and 317 in the placebo group), the trial was prematurely terminated for safety reasons, at the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring board, in accordance with the board's predefined rules for termination of the study. During a median follow-up of 2 months, 25 patients in the dronedarone group (8.1%) and 12 patients in the placebo group (3.8%) died (hazard ratio in the dronedarone group, 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 4.25; P=0.03). The excess mortality was predominantly related to worsening of heart failure--10 deaths in the dronedarone group and 2 in the placebo group. The primary end point did not differ significantly between the two groups; there were 53 events in the dronedarone group (17.1%) and 40 events in the placebo group (12.6%) (hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.92 to 2.09; P=0.12). More increases in the creatinine concentration were reported as serious adverse events in the dronedarone group than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with severe heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction, treatment with dronedarone was associated with increased early mortality related to the worsening of heart failure. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00543699.)

  • 47.
    Lindahl, Bernt
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för hållbar hälsa.
    Norberg, Margareta
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Johansson, Helene
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Lindvall, Kristina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Ng, Nawi
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Nordin, Maria
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
    Nordin, Steven
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Persson, Amanda
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Vanoli, Davide
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Schulz, Peter J.
    Institute of Communication and Health, University of Lugano, Switzerland.
    Health literacy is independently and inversely associated with carotid artery plaques and cardiovascular risk2020Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, ISSN 2047-4873, E-ISSN 2047-4881, Vol. 27, nr 2, s. 209-215Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: Health literacy, the degree to which individuals understand and act upon health information, may have a pivotal role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with low health literacy potentially explaining poorer adherence to prevention guidelines. We investigated the associations between health literacy, ultrasound-detected carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors.

    Methods: Baseline data (cross-sectional analysis) from a randomized controlled trial, integrated within the Västerbotten Intervention Program, Northern Sweden, was used. We included 3459 individuals, aged 40 or 50 years with ≥1 conventional risk factor or aged 60 years old. The participants underwent clinical examination, blood sampling, carotid ultrasound assessment of intima-media wall thickness (CIMT) and plaque formation, and answered a questionnaire on health literacy – the Brief Health Literacy Screen. The European Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation and Framingham Risk Score were calculated.

    Results: About 20% of the participants had low health literacy. Low health literacy was independently associated with the presence of ultrasound-detected carotid artery plaques after adjustment for age and education, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.54 (1.28–1.85), demonstrating a similar level of risk as for smoking. Health literacy was associated with CIMT in men. Low health literacy was associated with higher CVD risk scores. Sensitivity analyses with low health literacy set to 9% or 30% of the study sample, respectively, yielded essentially the same results.

    Conclusions: Low health literacy was independently associated with carotid artery plaques and a high level of CVD risk scores. Presenting health information in a fashion that is understood by all patients may improve preventive efforts.

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  • 48.
    Lindmark, Krister
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Söderberg, Stefan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Teien, Dag
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Pediatrik.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Long-term follow-up of mitral valve regurgitation: importance of mitral valve pathology and left ventricular function on survival2009Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology, ISSN 0167-5273, E-ISSN 1874-1754, Vol. 137, nr 2, s. 145-150Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Timing of surgery for mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the more difficult decisions for the practicing cardiologist.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to determine useful clinical cut-offs, we investigated the influence of baseline echocardiographic predictors for survival in a long-time follow-up cohort. Data from 144 patients with MR were collected between 1989 and 1993. Five-year mortality for MR patients was 30% compared to 13% for age- and sex matched controls (p<0.001). Each mm increase in left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD increased mortality with 2.5% (p<0.05) and each percent decrease in ejection fraction (EF) increased mortality with 1.8% (p<0.05). These effects were not linear and this material suggests cut-off points for LVESD to be 40 mm and EF 50%. Degree of MR did not correlate with survival, but patients with severe MR were operated more often than those with moderate MR. Patients with functional MR had reduced survival compared to patients with structural MR (p<0.01).

    CONCLUSIONS: MR is a disease with greatly increased mortality and these data suggest a more aggressive approach to surgery.

  • 49.
    Ljungberg, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Holmgren, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Medicin.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar A.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Enheten för biobanksforskning.
    Hultdin, Johan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap, Klinisk kemi.
    Norberg, Margareta
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Johansson, Bengt
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Söderberg, Stefan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Lipoprotein(a) and the Apolipoprotein B/A1 Ratio Independently Associate With Surgery for Aortic Stenosis Only in Patients With Concomitant Coronary Artery Disease2017Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, ISSN 2047-9980, E-ISSN 2047-9980, Vol. 6, nr 12, artikel-id e007160Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Aortic stenosis (AS) has different clinical phenotypes, including AS with or without concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD). It is unknown whether these phenotypes share the same risk factors. In particular, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and apolipoproteins (Apo) are associated with AS, but it is unknown whether these associations differ among phenotypes. In this prospective analysis we examined the impact of Lp(a) and Apo in subgroups of patients with AS.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified 336 patients (mean age at survey 56.7 years, 48% female) who underwent surgery for AS after a median 10.9 years (interquartile range 9.3 years), participants in 1 of 3 large population surveys. For each patient, 2 matched referents were allocated. Lp(a) and Apo were analyzed in the baseline samples. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate risks related to a 1 (ln) standard deviation increase in Lp(a) and the ratio of Apo B to Apo A1 (Apo B/A1 ratio). High levels of Lp(a) predicted surgery for AS in 203 patients with concomitant CAD (odds ratio [95% confidence intervals]) (1.29 [1.07-1.55]), but not in 132 patients without CAD (1.04 [0.83-1.29]) in the fully adjusted model. Similarly, a high Apo B/A1 ratio predicted surgery in patients with concomitant CAD (1.43 [1.16-1.76]) but not in those without CAD (0.87 [0.69-1.10]).

    CONCLUSIONS: High levels of Lp(a) and a high Apo B/A1 ratio were associated with surgery for AS in patients with concomitant CAD but not in those with isolated AS. This finding may lead to a new avenue of research for targeted risk factor interventions in this population.

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  • 50.
    Ljungberg, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Janiec, Mikael
    Bergdahl, Ingvar
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Enheten för biobanksforskning.
    Holmgren, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Hultdin, Johan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap, Klinisk kemi.
    Johansson, Bengt
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Siegbahn, Agneta
    Fall, Tove
    Söderberg, Stefan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
    Proteomic Biomarkers for Incident Aortic Stenosis Requiring Valvular Replacement2018Ingår i: Circulation, ISSN 0009-7322, E-ISSN 1524-4539, Vol. 138, nr 6Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common indication for cardiac valve surgery; untreated AS is linked to high mortality. The etiological background of AS is unknown. Previous human studies were typically based on case-control studies. Biomarkers identified in prospective studies could lead to novel mechanistic insights. Methods: Within a large population survey with blood samples obtained at baseline, 334 patients were identified who later underwent surgery for AS (median age [interquartile range], 59.9 [10.4] years at survey and 68.3 [12.7] at surgery; 48% female). For each case, 2 matched referents were allocated. Plasma was analyzed with the multiplex proximity extension assay for screening of 92 cardiovascular candidate proteins. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess associations between each protein and AS, with correction for multiple testing. A separate set of 106 additional cases with 212 matched referents was used in a validation study. Results: Six proteins (growth differentiation factor 15, galectin-4, von Willebrand factor, interleukin 17 receptor A, transferrin receptor protein 1, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) were associated with case status in the discovery cohort; odds ratios ranged from 1.25 to 1.37 per SD increase in the protein signal. Adjusting the multivariable models for classical cardiovascular risk factors at baseline yielded similar results. Subanalyses of case-referent triplets (n=133) who showed no visible coronary artery disease at the time of surgery in the index person supported associations between AS and growth differentiation factor 15 (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.78) and galectin-4 (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.59), but these associations were attenuated after excluding individuals who donated blood samples within 5 years before surgery. In triplets (n=201), which included index individuals with concurrent coronary artery disease at the time of surgery, all 6 proteins were robustly associated with case status in all sensitivity analyses. In the validation study, the association of all but 1 (interleukin 17 receptor A) of these proteins were replicated in patients with AS with concurrent coronary artery disease but not in patients with AS without coronary artery disease. Conclusions: We provide evidence that 5 proteins were altered years before AS surgery and that the associations seem to be driven by concurrent atherosclerotic disease.

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