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  • 1. Allgardsson, Anders
    et al.
    Andersson, C. David
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Akfur, Christine
    Worek, Franz
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Ekström, Fredrik
    An unusual dimeric inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase: cooperative binding of crystal violet2017Inngår i: Molecules, ISSN 1431-5157, E-ISSN 1420-3049, Vol. 22, nr 9, artikkel-id 1433Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an essential enzyme that terminates cholinergic transmission by a rapid hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. AChE is an important target for treatment of various cholinergic deficiencies, including Alzheimer's disease and myasthenia gravis. In a previous high throughput screening campaign, we identified the dye crystal violet (CV) as an inhibitor of AChE. Herein, we show that CV displays a significant cooperativity for binding to AChE, and the molecular basis for this observation has been investigated by X-ray crystallography. Two monomers of CV bind to residues at the entrance of the active site gorge of the enzyme. Notably, the two CV molecules have extensive intermolecular contacts with each other and with AChE. Computational analyses show that the observed CV dimer is not stable in solution, suggesting the sequential binding of two monomers. Guided by the structural analysis, we designed a set of single site substitutions, and investigated their effect on the binding of CV. Only moderate effects on the binding and the cooperativity were observed, suggesting a robustness in the interaction between CV and AChE. Taken together, we propose that the dimeric cooperative binding is due to a rare combination of chemical and structural properties of both CV and the AChE molecule itself.

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  • 2. Allgardsson, Anders
    et al.
    Berg, Lotta
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Akfur, Christine
    Hörnberg, Andreas
    Worek, Franz
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Ekström, Fredrik J.
    Structure of a prereaction complex between the nerve agent sarin, its biological target acetylcholinesterase, and the antidote HI-62016Inngår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 113, nr 20, s. 5514-5519Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Organophosphorus nerve agents interfere with cholinergic signaling by covalently binding to the active site of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This inhibition causes an accumulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, potentially leading to overstimulation of the nervous system and death. Current treatments include the use of antidotes that promote the release of functional AChE by an unknown reactivation mechanism. We have used diffusion trap cryocrystallography and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to determine and analyze prereaction conformers of the nerve agent antidote HI-6 in complex with Mus musculus AChE covalently inhibited by the nerve agent sarin. These analyses reveal previously unknown conformations of the system and suggest that the cleavage of the covalent enzyme-sarin bond is preceded by a conformational change in the sarin adduct itself. Together with data from the reactivation kinetics, this alternate conformation suggests a key interaction between Glu202 and the O-isopropyl moiety of sarin. Moreover, solvent kinetic isotope effect experiments using deuterium oxide reveal that the reactivation mechanism features an isotope-sensitive step. These findings provide insights into the reactivation mechanism and provide a starting point for the development of improved antidotes. The work also illustrates how DFT calculations can guide the interpretation, analysis, and validation of crystallographic data for challenging reactive systems with complex conformational dynamics.

  • 3.
    Andersson, C David
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Chen, Brian Y
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Multivariate assessment of virtual screening experiments2010Inngår i: Journal of Chemometrics, ISSN 0886-9383, E-ISSN 1099-128X, Vol. 24, nr 11-12, s. 757-767Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Discovering molecules with a desired biological function is one of the great challenges in drug research. To discover new lead molecules, virtual screens (VS) are often conducted, in which databases of molecules are screened for potential binders to a specific protein, using molecular docking. The choice of docking software and parameter settings within the software can significantly influence the outcome of a VS. In this study, we have applied chemometric methods such as design of experiments, principal component analysis and partial least-square projections to latent structure (PLS) to simulated VS experiments to find and compare suitable conditions for performing VS against six protein targets selected from the DUD databases. The docking parameters in FRED, and scoring functions in both FRED and GOLD docking software, were varied according to a statistical experimental design and a PLS model was calculated to correlate the experimental setup to the VS outcome. The study revealed that the choice of scoring function has the greatest influence on VS outcome, and that other parameters have varying influence, depending on the protein target. We also found that substantial bias can be introduced by the lack of variation of molecular properties in the databases used in the screening. Our results provide indications that docking experiments could be tailored to the protein target in order to obtain satisfactory VS results.

  • 4.
    Andersson, C. David
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Forsgren, Nina
    Swedish Defense Research Agency, CBRN Defense and Security, Umeå.
    Akfur, Christine
    Swedish Defense Research Agency, CBRN Defense and Security, Umeå.
    Allgardsson, Anders
    Swedish Defense Research Agency, CBRN Defense and Security, Umeå.
    Berg, Lotta
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Engdahl, Cecilia
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. Swedish Defense Research Agency, CBRN Defense and Security, Umeå.
    Qian, Weixing
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. Laboratories for Chemical Biology Umeå (LCBU), Umeå University,.
    Ekström, Fredrik
    Swedish Defense Research Agency, CBRN Defense and Security, Umeå.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Divergent Structure-Activity Relationships of Structurally Similar Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors2013Inngår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0022-2623, E-ISSN 1520-4804, Vol. 56, nr 19, s. 7615-7624Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The molecular interactions between the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and two compound classes consisting of N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]benzenesulfonamides and N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]benzenemethanesulfonamides have been investigated using organic synthesis, enzymatic assays, X-ray crystallography, and thermodynamic profiling. The inhibitors' aromatic properties were varied to establish structure activity relationships (SAR) between the inhibitors and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. The two structurally similar compound classes proved to have distinctly divergent SARs in terms of their inhibition capacity of AChE. Eight X-ray structures revealed that the two sets have different conformations in PAS. Furthermore, thermodynamic profiles of the binding between compounds and AChE revealed class-dependent differences of the entropy/enthalpy contributions to the free energy of binding. Further development of the entropy-favored compound class resulted in the synthesis of the most potent inhibitor and an extension beyond the established SARs. The divergent SARs will be utilized to develop reversible inhibitors of AChE into reactivators of nerve agent-inhibited AChE.

  • 5.
    Andersson, C. David
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Hillgren, J. Mikael
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology - Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg.
    Lindgren, Cecilia
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Qian, Weixing
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. Laboratories for Chemical Biology Umeå, Umeå University.
    Akfur, Christine
    Berg, Lotta
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Ekström, Fredrik
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Benefits of statistical molecular design, covariance analysis, and reference models in QSAR: a case study on acetylcholinesterase2015Inngår i: Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, ISSN 0920-654X, E-ISSN 1573-4951, Vol. 29, nr 3, s. 199-215Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Scientific disciplines such as medicinal- and environmental chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology deal with the questions related to the effects small organic compounds exhort on biological targets and the compounds' physicochemical properties responsible for these effects. A common strategy in this endeavor is to establish structure-activity relationships (SARs). The aim of this work was to illustrate benefits of performing a statistical molecular design (SMD) and proper statistical analysis of the molecules' properties before SAR and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. Our SMD followed by synthesis yielded a set of inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that had very few inherent dependencies between the substructures in the molecules. If such dependencies exist, they cause severe errors in SAR interpretation and predictions by QSAR-models, and leave a set of molecules less suitable for future decision-making. In our study, SAR- and QSAR models could show which molecular sub-structures and physicochemical features that were advantageous for the AChE inhibition. Finally, the QSAR model was used for the prediction of the inhibition of AChE by an external prediction set of molecules. The accuracy of these predictions was asserted by statistical significance tests and by comparisons to simple but relevant reference models.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
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  • 6.
    Andersson, C David
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Karlberg, Tobias
    Ekblad, Torun
    Lindgren, Anders E G
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Thorsell, Ann-Gerd
    Spjut, Sara
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Uciechowska, Urszula
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Niemiec, Moritz S
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Wittung-Stafshede, Pernilla
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Weigelt, Johan
    Elofsson, Mikael
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Schüler, Herwig
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Discovery of Ligands for ADP-Ribosyltransferases via Docking-Based Virtual Screening2012Inngår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0022-2623, E-ISSN 1520-4804, Vol. 55, nr 17, s. 7706-7718Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTDs) are an enzyme family that catalyses the transfer of ADP-ribose units onto substrate proteins, using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) as a co-substrate. They have a documented role in chromatin remodelling and DNA repair; and inhibitors of ARTD1 and 2 (PARP1 and 2) are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. The detailed function of most other ARTDs is still unknown. Using virtual screening we identified small ligands of ARTD7 (PARP15/BAL3) and ARTD8 (PARP14/BAL2). Thermal-shift assays confirmed that 16 compounds, belonging to eight structural classes, bound to ARTD7/ARTD8. Affinity measurements with isothermal titration calorimetry for two isomers of the most promising hit compound confirmed binding in the low micromolar range to ARTD8. Crystal structures showed anchoring of the hits in the nicotinamide pocket. These results form a starting point in the development of chemical tools for the study of the role and function of ARTD7 and ARTD8.

  • 7.
    Andersson, C. David
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Martinez, Nicolas
    Zeller, Dominik
    Allgardsson, Anders
    Koza, Michael M.
    Frick, Bernhard
    Ekström, Fredrik
    Peters, Judith
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Influence of Enantiomeric Inhibitors on the Dynamics of Acetylcholinesterase Measured by Elastic Incoherent Neutron Scattering2018Inngår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B, ISSN 1520-6106, E-ISSN 1520-5207, Vol. 122, nr 36, s. 8516-8525Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is essential in humans and animals because it catalyzes the breakdown of the nerve-signaling substance acetylcholine. Small molecules that inhibit the function of AChE are important for their use as drugs in the, for example, symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. New and improved inhibitors are warranted, mainly because of severe side effects of current drugs. In the present study, we have investigated if and how two enantiomeric inhibitors of AChE influence the overall dynamics of noncovalent complexes, using elastic incoherent neutron scattering. A fruitful combination of univariate models, including a newly developed non-Gaussian model for atomic fluctuations, and multivariate methods (principal component analysis and discriminant analysis) was crucial to analyze the fine details of the data. The study revealed a small but clear increase in the dynamics of the inhibited enzyme compared to that of the noninhibited enzyme and contributed to the fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms of AChE-inhibitor binding valuable for the future development of inhibitors.

  • 8.
    Andersson, C. David
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Mishra, Brijesh Kumar
    Forsgren, Nina
    Ekström, Fredrik
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Physical Mechanisms Governing Substituent Effects on Arene-Arene Interactions in a Protein Milieu2020Inngår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B, ISSN 1520-6106, E-ISSN 1520-5207, Vol. 124, nr 30, s. 6529-6539Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Arene-arene interactions play important roles in protein-ligand complex formation. Here, we investigate the characteristics of arene-arene interactions between small organic molecules and aromatic amino acids in protein interiors. The study is based on X-ray crystallographic data and quantum mechanical calculations using the enzyme acetylcholinesterase and selected inhibitory ligands as a model system. It is shown that the arene substituents of the inhibitors dictate the strength of the interaction and the geometry of the resulting complexes. Importantly, the calculated interaction energies correlate well with the measured inhibitor potency. Non-hydrogen substituents strengthened all interaction types in the protein milieu, in keeping with results for benzene dimer model systems. The interaction energies were dispersion-dominated, but substituents that induced local dipole moments increased the electrostatic contribution and thus yielded more strongly bound complexes. These findings provide fundamental insights into the physical mechanisms governing arene-arene interactions in the protein milieu and thus into molecular recognition between proteins and small molecules.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
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  • 9.
    Andersson, David C.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Chen, Brian Y.
    Howard Hughes Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University..
    Linusson Jonsson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Design of target-tailored virtual screening experimentsManuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Discovering molecules with a desired biological function is one of the great challenges in drug research. To discover new lead molecules, in silico virtual screens (VS) are often conducted, in which databases of molecules are screened for potential binders to a specific protein, using molecular docking. The choice of docking software and parameter settings within the software can significantly influence the outcome of a VS. In this study, we have applied chemometric methods such as DoE, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-square projections to latent structure (PLS) to simulated VS experiments to find and compare suitable conditions for performing VS against six protein targets selected from the DUD databases. The docking parameters in FRED, and scoring functions in both FRED and GOLD docking software, were varied according to a statistical experimental design and a PLS model was calculated to correlate the experimental setup to the VS outcome. The study revealed that the choice of scoring function has the greatest influence on VS outcome, and that other parameters have varying influence, depending on the protein target. We also found that substantial bias can be introduced by the lack of variation of molecule properties in the databases used in the screening. The results indicate that docking experiments should be tailored to the protein target in order to obtain satisfactory VS results and that our methodology provides a suitable approach for such tailoring.

  • 10.
    Andersson, David C.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Chen, Brian Y
    Linusson Jonsson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Mapping of ligand-binding cavities in proteins2010Inngår i: Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, ISSN 0887-3585, E-ISSN 1097-0134, Vol. 78, nr 6, s. 1408-1422Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The complex interactions between proteins and small organic molecules (ligands) are intensively studied because they play key roles in biological processes and drug activities. Here, we present a novel approach to characterize and map the ligand-binding cavities of proteins without direct geometric comparison of structures, based on Principal Component Analysis of cavity properties (related mainly to size, polarity, and charge). This approach can provide valuable information on the similarities and dissimilarities, of binding cavities due to mutations, between-species differences and flexibility upon ligand-binding. The presented results show that information on ligand-binding cavity variations can complement information on protein similarity obtained from sequence comparisons. The predictive aspect of the method is exemplified by successful predictions of serine proteases that were not included in the model construction. The presented strategy to compare ligand-binding cavities of related and unrelated proteins has many potential applications within protein and medicinal chemistry, for example in the characterization and mapping of "orphan structures", selection of protein structures for docking studies in structure-based design, and identification of proteins for selectivity screens in drug design programs.

  • 11.
    Andersson, David C.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Martinez, N.
    Zeller, D.
    Rondahl, S. H.
    Koza, M. M.
    Frick, B.
    Ekstrom, F.
    Peters, J.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Changes in dynamics of alpha-chymotrypsin due to covalent inhibitors investigated by elastic incoherent neutron scattering2017Inngår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP, ISSN 1463-9076, E-ISSN 1463-9084, Vol. 19, nr 37, s. 25369-25379Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    An essential role of enzymes is to catalyze various chemical reactions in the human body and inhibition of the enzymatic activity by small molecules is the mechanism of action of many drugs or tool compounds used to study biological processes. Here, we investigate the effect on the dynamics of the serine protease alpha-chymotrypsin when in complex with two different covalently bound inhibitors using elastic incoherent neutron scattering. The results show that the inhibited enzyme displays enhanced dynamics compared to the free form. The difference was prominent at higher temperatures (240-310 K) and the type of motions that differ include both small amplitude motions, such as hydrogen atom rotations around a methyl group, and large amplitude motions, such as amino acid side chain movements. The measurements were analyzed with multivariate methods in addition to the standard univariate methods, allowing for a more in-depth analysis of the types of motions that differ between the two forms. The binding strength of an inhibitor is linked to the changes in dynamics occurring during the inhibitor-enzyme binding event and thus these results may aid in the deconvolution of this fundamental event and in the design of new inhibitors.

  • 12.
    Andersson, David C.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Thysell, Elin
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Lindström, Anton
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Bylesjö, Max
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Raubacher, Florian
    Linusson Jonsson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    A multivariate approach to investigate docking parameters' effects on docking performance2007Inngår i: Journal of chemical information and modeling, ISSN 1549-9596, Vol. 47, nr 4, s. 1673-1687Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Increasingly powerful docking programs for analyzing and estimating the strength of protein-ligand interactions have been developed in recent decades, and they are now valuable tools in drug discovery. Software used to perform dockings relies on a number of parameters that affect various steps in the docking procedure. However, identifying the best choices of the settings for these parameters is often challenging. Therefore, the settings of the parameters are quite often left at their default values, even though scientists with long experience with a specific docking tool know that modifying certain parameters can improve the results. In the study presented here, we have used statistical experimental design and subsequent regression based on root-mean-square deviation values using partial least-square projections to latent structures (PLS) to scrutinize the effects of different parameters on the docking performance of two software packages: FRED and GOLD. Protein-ligand complexes with a high level of ligand diversity were selected from the PDBbind database for the study, using principal component analysis based on 1D and 2D descriptors, and space-filling design. The PLS models showed quantitative relationships between the docking parameters and the ability of the programs to reproduce the ligand crystallographic conformation. The PLS models also revealed which of the parameters and what parameter settings were important for the docking performance of the two programs. Furthermore, the variation in docking results obtained with specific parameter settings for different protein-ligand complexes in the diverse set examined indicates that there is great potential for optimizing the parameter settings for selected sets of proteins.

  • 13.
    Andersson, Ida E
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Andersson, C David
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Batsalova, Tsvetelina
    Medicinal Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Dzhambazov, Balik
    Medicinal Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Holmdahl, Rikard
    Medicinal Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Linusson, Anna
    AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal.
    Design of glycopeptides used to investigate class II MHC binding and T-Cell responses associated with autoimmune arthritis2011Inngår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 6, nr 3, s. e17881-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The glycopeptide fragment CII259–273 from type II collagen (CII) binds to the murine Aq and human DR4 class II Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC II) proteins, which are associated with development of murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), respectively. It has been shown that CII259–273 can be used in therapeutic vaccination of CIA. This glycopeptide also elicits responses from T-cells obtained from RA patients, which indicates that it has an important role in RA as well. We now present a methodology for studies of (glyco)peptide-receptor interactions based on a combination of structure-based virtual screening, ligand-based statistical molecular design and biological evaluations. This methodology included the design of a CII259–273 glycopeptide library in which two anchor positions crucial for binding in pockets of Aq and DR4 were varied. Synthesis and biological evaluation of the designed glycopeptides provided novel structure-activity relationship (SAR) understanding of binding to Aq and DR4. Glycopeptides that retained high affinities for these MHC II proteins and induced strong responses in panels of T-cell hybridomas were also identified. An analysis of all the responses revealed groups of glycopeptides with different response patterns that are of high interest for vaccination studies in CIA. Moreover, the SAR understanding obtained in this study provides a platform for the design of second-generation glycopeptides with tuned MHC affinities and T-cell responses.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 14.
    Andersson, Ida E.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Batsalova, Tsvetelina
    Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dzhambazov, Balik
    Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Edvinsson, Lotta
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Holmdahl, Rikard
    Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Oxazole-modified glycopeptides that target arthritis-associated class II MHC Aq and DR4 proteins2010Inngår i: Organic and biomolecular chemistry, ISSN 1477-0520, E-ISSN 1477-0539, Vol. 8, nr 13, s. 2931-2940Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The glycopeptide CII259-273, a fragment from type II collagen (CII), can induce tolerance in mice susceptible to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), which is a validated disease model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we describe the design and synthesis of a small series of modified CII259-273 glycopeptides with oxazole heterocycles replacing three potentially labile peptide bonds. These glycopeptidomimetics were evaluated for binding to murine CIA-associated A(q) and human RA-associated DR4 class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. The oxazole modifications drastically reduced or completely abolished binding to A(q). Two of the glycopeptidomimetics were, however, well tolerated in binding to DR4 and they also induced strong responses by one or two DR4-restricted T-cell hybridomas. This work contributes to the development of an altered glycopeptide for inducing immunological tolerance in CIA, with the long-term goal of developing a therapeutic vaccine for treatment of RA.

  • 15.
    Andersson, Ida E.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Batsalova, Tsvetelina
    Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet.
    Haag, Sabrina
    Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet.
    Dzhambazov, Balik
    Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet.
    Holmdahl, Rikard
    Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet.
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    (E)-Alkene and Ethylene Isosteres Substantially Alter the Hydrogen-Bonding Network in Class II MHC Aq/Glycopeptide Complexes and Affect T-Cell Recognition2011Inngår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0002-7863, E-ISSN 1520-5126, Vol. 133, nr 36, s. 14368-14378Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The structural basis for antigen presentation by class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins to CD4(+) T-cells is important for understanding and possibly treating autoimmune diseases. In the work described in this paper, (E)-alkene and ethylene amide-bond isosteres were used to investigate the effect of removing hydrogen-bonding possibilities from the CII259-270 glycopeptide, which is bound by the arthritis-associated murine A(q) class II MHC protein. The isostere-modified glycopeptides showed varying and unexpectedly large losses of A(q) binding that could be linked to the dynamics of the system. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the backbone of CII259-270 and the A(q) protein are able to form up to 11 hydrogen bonds, but fewer than this number are present at any one time. Most of the strong hydrogen-bond interactions were formed by the N-terminal part of the glycopeptide, i.e., in the region where the isosteric replacements were made. The structural dynamics also revealed that hydrogen bonds were strongly coupled to each other; the loss of one hydrogen-bond interaction had a profound effect on the entire hydrogen-bonding network. The A(q) binding data revealed that an ethylene isostere glycopeptide unexpectedly bound more strongly to A(q) than the corresponding (E)-alkene, which is in contrast to the trend observed for the other isosteres. Analysis of the MD trajectories revealed that the complex conformation of this ethylene isostere was structurally different and had an altered molecular interaction pattern compared to the other A(q)/glycopeptide complexes. The introduced amide-bond isosteres also affected the interactions of the glycopeptide/A(q) complexes with T-cell receptors. The dynamic variation of the patterns and strengths of the hydrogen-bond interactions in the class II MHC system is of critical importance for the class II MHC/peptide/TCR signaling system.

  • 16.
    Andersson, Ida E.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Dzhambazov, Balik
    Medical Inflammation Research, BMC I11, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
    Holmdahl, Rikard
    Medical Inflammation Research, BMC I11, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Probing molecular interactions within Class II MHC Aq/Glycopeptide/T-Cell Receptor Complexes associated with Collagen-Induced Arthritis2007Inngår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0022-2623, E-ISSN 1520-4804, Vol. 50, nr 23, s. 5627-5643Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    T cells obtained in a mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis are activated by a glycopeptide fragment from rat type II collagen (CII) bound to the class II major histocompatibility complex Aq molecule. We report a comparative model of Aq in complex with the glycopeptide CII260-267. This model was used in a structure-based design approach where the amide bond between Ala261 and Gly262 in the glycopeptide was selected for replacement with [COCH2], [CH2NH2+], and [(E)-CH=CH] isosteres. Ala-Gly isostere building blocks were then synthesized and introduced in CII260-267 and CII259-273 glycopeptides. The modified glycopeptides were evaluated for binding to the Aq molecule, and the results were interpreted in view of the Aq/glycopeptide model. Moreover, recognition by a panel of T-cell hybridomas revealed high sensitivity for the backbone modifications. These studies contribute to the understanding of the interactions in the ternary Aq/glycopeptide/T-cell receptor complexes that activate T cells in autoimmune arthritis and suggest possibilities for new vaccination approaches.

  • 17.
    Artursson, Elisabet
    et al.
    Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN, Defence and Security, Umeå.
    Andersson, Per Ola
    Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN, Defence and Security, Umeå.
    Akfur, Christine
    Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN, Defence and Security, Umeå.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Börjegren, Susanne
    Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN, Defence and Security, Umeå.
    Ekström, Fredrik
    Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN, Defence and Security, Umeå.
    Catalytic-site conformational equilibrium in nerve-agent adducts of acetylcholinesterase: Possible implications for the HI-6 antidote substrate specificity2013Inngår i: Biochemical Pharmacology, ISSN 0006-2952, E-ISSN 1356-1839, Vol. 85, nr 9, s. 1389-1397Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Nerve agents such as tabun, cyclosarin and Russian VX inhibit the essential enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by organophosphorylating the catalytic serine residue. Nucleophiles, such as oximes, are used as antidotes as they can reactivate and restore the function of the inhibited enzyme. The oxime HI-6 shows a notably low activity on tabun adducts but can effectively reactivate adducts of cyclosarin and Russian VX. To examine the structural basis for the pronounced substrate specificity of HI-6, we determined the binary crystal structures of Mus musculus AChE (mAChE) conjugated by cyclosarin and Russian VX and found a conformational mobility of the side chains of Phe338 and His447. The interaction between HI-6 and tabun-adducts of AChE were subsequently investigated using a combination of time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Our findings show that HI-6 binds to tabun inhibited Homo sapiens AChE (hAChE) with an IC50 value of 300 μM and suggest that the reactive nucleophilic moiety of HI-6 is excluded from the phosphorus atom of tabun. We propose that a conformational mobility of the side-chains of Phe338 and His447 is a common feature in nerve-agent adducts of AChE. We also suggest that the conformational mobility allow HI-6 to reactivate conjugates of cyclosarin and Russian VX while a reduced mobility in tabun conjugated AChE results in steric hindrance that prevents efficient reactivation.

  • 18.
    Berg, Lotta
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Andersson, C. David
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Artursson, Elisabet
    Hornberg, Andreas
    Tunemalm, Anna-Karin
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Ekstrom, Fredrik
    Targeting Acetylcholinesterase: Identification of Chemical Leads by High Throughput Screening, Structure Determination and Molecular Modeling2011Inngår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 6, nr 11, artikkel-id e26039Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an essential enzyme that terminates cholinergic transmission by rapid hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Compounds inhibiting this enzyme can be used (inter alia) to treat cholinergic deficiencies (e. g. in Alzheimer's disease), but may also act as dangerous toxins (e. g. nerve agents such as sarin). Treatment of nerve agent poisoning involves use of antidotes, small molecules capable of reactivating AChE. We have screened a collection of organic molecules to assess their ability to inhibit the enzymatic activity of AChE, aiming to find lead compounds for further optimization leading to drugs with increased efficacy and/or decreased side effects. 124 inhibitors were discovered, with considerable chemical diversity regarding size, polarity, flexibility and charge distribution. An extensive structure determination campaign resulted in a set of crystal structures of protein-ligand complexes. Overall, the ligands have substantial interactions with the peripheral anionic site of AChE, and the majority form additional interactions with the catalytic site (CAS). Reproduction of the bioactive conformation of six of the ligands using molecular docking simulations required modification of the default parameter settings of the docking software. The results show that docking-assisted structure-based design of AChE inhibitors is challenging and requires crystallographic support to obtain reliable results, at least with currently available software. The complex formed between C5685 and Mus musculus AChE (C5685.mAChE) is a representative structure for the general binding mode of the determined structures. The CAS binding part of C5685 could not be structurally determined due to a disordered electron density map and the developed docking protocol was used to predict the binding modes of this part of the molecule. We believe that chemical modifications of our discovered inhibitors, biochemical and biophysical characterization, crystallography and computational chemistry provide a route to novel AChE inhibitors and reactivators.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 19.
    Berg, Lotta
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Mishra, Brijesh Kumar
    Andersson, C. David
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Ekström, Fredrik
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    The Nature of Activated Non-classical Hydrogen Bonds: A Case Study on Acetylcholinesterase-Ligand Complexes2016Inngår i: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 22, nr 8, s. 2672-2681Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Molecular recognition events in biological systems are driven by non-covalent interactions between interacting species. Here, we have studied hydrogen bonds of the CHY type involving electron-deficient CH donors using dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations applied to acetylcholinesterase-ligand complexes. The strengths of CHY interactions activated by a proximal cation were considerably strong; comparable to or greater than those of classical hydrogen bonds. Significant differences in the energetic components compared to classical hydrogen bonds and non-activated CHY interactions were observed. Comparison between DFT and molecular mechanics calculations showed that common force fields could not reproduce the interaction energy values of the studied hydrogen bonds. The presented results highlight the importance of considering CHY interactions when analysing protein-ligand complexes, call for a review of current force fields, and opens up possibilities for the development of improved design tools for drug discovery.

  • 20.
    Berg, Lotta
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Niemiec, Moritz S.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Qian, Weixing
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Andersson, C. David
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Wittung-Stafshede, Pernilla
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Ekström, Fredrik
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Europeiska CBRNE-centret.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Similar but Different: Thermodynamic and Structural Characterization of a Pair of Enantiomers Binding to Acetylcholinesterase2012Inngår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition, ISSN 1433-7851, E-ISSN 1521-3773, Vol. 51, nr 51, s. 12716-12720Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Take a closer look: Unexpectedly, a pair of enantiomeric ligands proved to have similar binding affinities for acetylcholinesterase. Further studies indicated that the enantiomers exhibit different thermodynamic profiles. Analyses of the noncovalent interactions in the protein-ligand complexes revealed that these differences are partly due to nonclassical hydrogen bonds between the ligands and aromatic side chains of the protein.

  • 21. Bergmann, Rikke
    et al.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Zamora, Ismael
    SHOP: Scaffold HOPping by GRID-Based Similarity Searches2007Inngår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 50, nr 11, s. 2708-2717Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A new GRID-based method for scaffold hopping (SHOP) is presented. In a fully automatic manner, scaffolds were identified in a database based on three types of 3D-descriptors. SHOP's ability to recover scaffolds was assessed and validated by searching a database spiked with fragments of known ligands of three different protein targets relevant for drug discovery using a rational approach based on statistical experimental design. Five out of eight and seven out of eight thrombin scaffolds and all seven HIV protease scaffolds were recovered within the top 10 and 31 out of 31 neuraminidase scaffolds were in the 31 top-ranked scaffolds. SHOP also identified new scaffolds with substantially different chemotypes from the queries. Docking analysis indicated that the new scaffolds would have similar binding modes to those of the respective query scaffolds observed in X-ray structures. The databases contained scaffolds from published combinatorial libraries to ensure that identified scaffolds could be feasibly synthesized.

  • 22.
    Chorell, Erik
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Pinkner, Jerome S
    Bengtsson, Christoffer
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Banchelin, Thomas Sainte-Luce
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Edvinsson, Sofie
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Hultgren, Scott J
    Almqvist, Fredrik
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Mapping pilicide anti-virulence effect in Escherichia coli, a comprehensive structure-activity study2012Inngår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0968-0896, E-ISSN 1464-3391, Vol. 20, nr 9, s. 3128-3142Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Pilicides prevent pili formation and thereby the development of bacterial biofilms in Escherichia coli. We have performed a comprehensive structure activity relationship (SAR) study of the dihydrothiazolo ring-fused 2-pyridone pilicide central fragment by varying all open positions. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to distinguish active from inactive compounds in which polarity proved to be the most important factor for discrimination. A quantitative SAR (QSAR) partial least squares (PLS) model was calculated on the active compounds for prediction of biofilm inhibition activity. In this model, compounds with high inhibitory activity were generally larger, more lipophilic, more flexible and had a lower HOMO. Overall, this resulted in both highly valuable SAR information and potent inhibitors of type 1 pili dependent biofilm formation. The most potent biofilm inhibitor had an EC(50) of 400nM.

  • 23.
    Dahlgren, Markus K
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Zetterström, Caroline E
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Gylfe, Åsa
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi, Klinisk bakteriologi.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Elofsson, Mikael
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR).
    Statistical molecular design of a focused salicylidene acylhydrazide library and multivariate QSAR of inhibition of type III secretion in the Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia2010Inngår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0968-0896, E-ISSN 1464-3391, Vol. 18, nr 7, s. 2686-2703Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A combined application of statistical molecular design (SMD), quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling and prediction of new active compounds was effectively used to develop salicylidene acylhydrazides as inhibitors of type III secretion (T3S) in the Gram-negative pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. SMD and subsequent synthesis furnished 50 salicylidene acylhydrazides in high purity. Based on data from biological evaluation in T3S linked assays 18 compounds were classified as active and 25 compounds showed a dose-dependent inhibition. The 25 compounds were used to compute two multivariate QSAR models and two multivariate discriminant analysis models were computed from both active and inactive compounds. Three of the models were used to predict 4416 virtual compounds in consensus and eight new compounds were selected as an external test set. Synthesis and biological evaluation of the test set in Y. pseudotuberculosis and the intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis validated the models. Y. pseudotuberculosis and C. trachomatis cell-based infection models showed that compounds identified in this study are selective and non-toxic inhibitors of T3S dependent virulence.

  • 24.
    Dahlgren, Markus
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Kauppi, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Olsson, Ing-Marie
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Linusson Jonsson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Elofsson, Mikael
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Design, Synthesis, and Multivariate Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of Salicylanilides-Potent Inhibitors of Type III Secretion in Yersinia2007Inngår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0022-2623, E-ISSN 1520-4804, Vol. 50, nr 24, s. 6177-6188Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Analogues to the salicylanilide N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-acetoxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide, 1a, an inhibitor of type III secretion (T3S) in Yersinia, were selected, synthesized, and biologically evaluated in three cycles. First, a set of analogues with variations in the salicylic acid ring moiety was synthesized to probe possible structural variation. A basic structure-activity relationship was established and then used to cherry-pick compounds from a principal component analysis score plot of salicylanilides to generate a second set. A third set with increased likelihood of biological activity was designed using D-optimal onion design. A quantitative structure-activity relationship model using hierarchical partial least-square regression to latent structures (Hi-PLS) was computed using PLS score vectors of building blocks correlated to the % inhibition of T3S as a response. A PLS discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was derived using the same descriptor set as that for the Hi-PLS model. Both models were validated with an external test set.

  • 25. Ekblad, Torun
    et al.
    Lindgren, Anders E. G.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Andersson, C. David
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Caraballo, Remi
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Thorsell, Ann-Gerd
    Karlberg, Tobias
    Spjut, Sara
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Schuler, Herwig
    Elofsson, Mikael
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Towards small molecule inhibitors of mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases2015Inngår i: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0223-5234, E-ISSN 1768-3254, Vol. 95, s. 546-551Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Protein ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification involved in DNA repair, protein degradation, transcription regulation, and epigenetic events. Intracellular ADP-ribosylation is catalyzed predominantly by ADP-ribosyltransferases with diphtheria toxin homology (ARTDs). The most prominent member of the ARTD family, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (ARTD1/PARP1) has been a target for cancer drug development for decades. Current PARP inhibitors are generally non-selective, and inhibit the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases with low potency. Here we describe the synthesis of acylated amino benzamides and screening against the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases ARTD7/PARP15, ARTD8/PARP14, ARTD10/PARP10, and the poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTD1/PARP1. The most potent compound inhibits ARTD10 with sub-micromolar IC50.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 26.
    Engdahl, Cecilia
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Knutsson, Sofie
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Ekström, Fredrik
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Discovery of selective inhibitors targeting acetylcholinesterase 1 from disease-transmitting mosquitoes2016Inngår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0022-2623, E-ISSN 1520-4804, Vol. 59, nr 20, s. 9409-9421Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Vector control of disease-transmitting mosquitoes is increasingly important due to the re-emergence and spread of infections such as malaria and dengue. We have conducted a high throughput screen (HTS) of 17,500 compounds for inhibition of the essential AChE1 enzymes from the mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti. In a differential HTS analysis including the human AChE, several structurally diverse, potent, and selective noncovalent AChE1 inhibitors were discovered. For example, a phenoxyacetamide-based inhibitor was identified with a 100-fold selectivity for the mosquito over the human enzyme. The compound also inhibited a resistance conferring mutant of AChE1. Structure-selectivity relationships could be proposed based on the enzymes' 3D structures; the hits' selectivity profiles appear to be linked to differences in two loops that affect the structure of the entire active site. Noncovalent inhibitors of AChE1, such as the ones presented here, provide valuable starting points toward insecticides and are complementary to existing and new covalent inhibitors.

  • 27.
    Engdahl, Cecilia
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Knutsson, Sofie
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Fredriksson, Sten-Åke
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Bucht, Göran
    Ekström, Fredrik
    Acetylcholinesterases from the Disease Vectors Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae: Functional Characterization and Comparisons with Vertebrate Orthologues2015Inngår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 10, nr 10, artikkel-id e0138598Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Mosquitoes of the Anopheles (An.) and Aedes (Ae.) genus are principal vectors of human diseases including malaria, dengue and yellow fever. Insecticide-based vector control is an established and important way of preventing transmission of such infections. Currently used insecticides can efficiently control mosquito populations, but there are growing concerns about emerging resistance, off-target toxicity and their ability to alter ecosystems. A potential target for the development of insecticides with reduced off-target toxicity is the cholinergic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Herein, we report cloning, baculoviral expression and functional characterization of the wild-type AChE genes (ace-1) from An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti, including a naturally occurring insecticide-resistant (G119S) mutant of An. gambiae. Using enzymatic digestion and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry we found that the secreted proteins were post-translationally modified. The Michaelis-Menten constants and turnover numbers of the mosquito enzymes were lower than those of the orthologous AChEs from Mus musculus and Homo sapiens. We also found that the G119S substitution reduced the turnover rate of substrates and the potency of selected covalent inhibitors. Furthermore, non-covalent inhibitors were less sensitive to the G119S substitution and differentiate the mosquito enzymes from corresponding vertebrate enzymes. Our findings indicate that it may be possible to develop selective non-covalent inhibitors that effectively target both the wild-type and insecticide resistant mutants of mosquito AChE.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 28. Giordanetto, Fabrizio
    et al.
    Karlsson, Olle
    Lindberg, Jan
    Larsson, Lars-Olof
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Evertsson, Emma
    Morgan, David GA
    Inghardt, Tord
    Discovery of cyclopentane- and cyclohexane-trans-1,3-diamines as potent melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonists2007Inngår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Vol. 17, nr 15, s. 4232-41Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We herein report the optimization of cyclopentane- and cyclohexane-1,3-diamine derivatives as novel and potent MCH-R1 antagonists. Structural modifications of the 2-amino-quinoline and thiophene moieties found in the initial lead compound served to improve its metabolic stability profile and MCH-R1 affinity, and revealed unprecedented SAR when compared to other 2-amino-quinoline-containing MCH-R1 antagonists.

  • 29.
    Holm, Lotta
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Frech, Kristina
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Dzhambazov, Balik
    Holmdahl, Rikard
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of Peptides Binding to the Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecule Aq Associated with Autoimmune Arthritis2007Inngår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 50, nr 9, s. 2049-59Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Presentation of (glyco)peptides by the class II major histocompatibility complex molecule Aq to T cells plays a central role in collagen-induced arthritis, an animal model for the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. A peptide library was designed using statistical molecular design in amino acid space in which five positions in the minimal mouse collagen type II binding epitope CII260-267 were varied. A substantially reduced peptide library of 24 peptides with diverse and representative molecular characteristics was selected, synthesized, and evaluated for the binding strength to Aq. A multivariate QSAR model was established by correlating calculated descriptors, compressed to its principle properties, with the binding data using partial least-square regression. The model was successfully validated by an external test set. Interpretation of the model provided a molecular property binding motif for peptides interacting with Aq. The information may be useful in future research directed toward new treatments of rheumatoid arthritis.

  • 30. Karlberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Klepsch, Mirjam
    Thorsell, Ann-Gerd
    Andersson, C. David
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Schuler, Herwig
    Structural Basis for Lack of ADP-ribosyltransferase Activity in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-13/Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein2015Inngår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry, ISSN 0021-9258, E-ISSN 1083-351X, Vol. 290, nr 12, s. 7336-7344Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: PARP13 contains a divergent PARP homology ADP-ribosyltransferase domain of unknown function. Results: The consensus NAD(+) pocket of PARP13 is occluded by interacting protein side chains. Conclusion: PARP13 lacks the structural requirements for NAD(+) binding. Significance: Evolutionary conservation of enzymatic inactivity suggests a need for a rigid domain structure.

    The mammalian poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family includes ADP-ribosyltransferases with diphtheria toxin homology (ARTD). Most members have mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. PARP13/ARTD13, also called zinc finger antiviral protein, has roles in viral immunity and microRNA-mediated stress responses. PARP13 features a divergent PARP homology domain missing a PARP consensus sequence motif; the domain has enigmatic functions and apparently lacks catalytic activity. We used x-ray crystallography, molecular dynamics simulations, and biochemical analyses to investigate the structural requirements for ADP-ribosyltransferase activity in human PARP13 and two of its functional partners in stress granules: PARP12/ARTD12, and PARP15/BAL3/ARTD7. The crystal structure of the PARP homology domain of PARP13 shows obstruction of the canonical active site, precluding NAD(+) binding. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that this closed cleft conformation is maintained in solution. Introducing consensus side chains in PARP13 did not result in 3-aminobenzamide binding, but in further closure of the site. Three-dimensional alignment of the PARP homology domains of PARP13, PARP12, and PARP15 illustrates placement of PARP13 residues that deviate from the PARP family consensus. Introducing either one of two of these side chains into the corresponding positions in PARP15 abolished PARP15 ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Taken together, our results show that PARP13 lacks the structural requirements for ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.

  • 31.
    Kauppi, Anna M.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Andersson, David C.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Norberg, Henrik A.
    Innate Pharmaceuticals AB, Umestan Företagspark, SE-90347 Umeå, Sweden.
    Sundin, Charlotta
    Innate Pharmaceuticals AB, Umestan Företagspark, SE-90347 Umeå, Sweden.
    Linusson Jonsson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Elofsson, Mikael
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Inhibitors of type III secretion in Yersinia: design, synthesis and multivariate QSAR of 2-sulfonamino-benzanilides2007Inngår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0968-0896, E-ISSN 1464-3391, Vol. 15, nr 22, s. 6994-7011Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Compound 1, 2-(benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole-4-sulfonylamino)-5-chloro-N-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-benzamide, was identified as a putative type III secretion inhibitor in Yersinia, and the compound thus has a potential to be used to prevent or treat bacterial infections. A set of seven analogues was synthesized and evaluated in a type III secretion dependent reporter-gene assay with viable bacterial to give basic SAR. A second set of 19 compounds was obtained by statistical molecular design in the building block and product space and subsequent synthesis. Evaluation in the reporter-gene assay showed that the compounds ranged from non-active to compounds more potent than 1. Based on the data multivariate QSAR models were established and the final Hi-PLS model showed good correlation between experimentally determined % inhibition and the calculated % inhibition of the reporter-gene signal.

  • 32.
    Knutsson, Sofie
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Engdahl, Cecilia
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Kumari, Rashmi
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Forsgren, Nina
    Lindgren, Cecilia
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Kindahl, Tomas
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Kitur, Stanley
    Wachira, Lucy
    Kamau, Luna
    Ekstöm, Fredrik
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Noncovalent Inhibitors of Mosquito Acetylcholinesterase 1 with Resistance-Breaking Potency2018Inngår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0022-2623, E-ISSN 1520-4804, Vol. 61, nr 23, s. 10545-10557Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Resistance development in insects significantly threatens the important benefits obtained by insecticide usage in vector control of disease-transmitting insects. Discovery of new chemical entities with insecticidal activity is highly desired in order to develop new insecticide candidates. Here, we present the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of phenoxyacetamide-based inhibitors of the essential enzyme acetylcholinesterase 1 (AChE1). AChE1 is a validated insecticide target to control mosquito vectors of, e.g., malaria, dengue, and Zika virus infections. The inhibitors combine a mosquito versus human AChE selectivity with a high potency also for the resistance-conferring mutation G122S; two properties that have proven challenging to combine in a single compound. Structure activity relationship analyses and molecular dynamics simulations of inhibitor protein complexes have provided insights that elucidate the molecular basis for these properties. We also show that the inhibitors demonstrate in vivo insecticidal activity on disease-transmitting mosquitoes. Our findings support the concept of noncovalent, selective, and resistance-breaking inhibitors of AChE1 as a promising approach for future insecticide development.

  • 33.
    Knutsson, Sofie
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Kindahl, Tomas
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Engdahl, Cecilia
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Nikjoo, Dariush
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Forsgren, Nina
    Kitur, Stanley
    Ekström, Fredrik
    Kamau, Luna
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    N-Aryl-N'-ethyleneaminothioureas effectively inhibit acetylcholinesterase 1 from disease-transmitting mosquitoes2017Inngår i: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0223-5234, E-ISSN 1768-3254, Vol. 134, s. 415-427Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Vector control of disease-transmitting mosquitoes by insecticides has a central role in reducing the number of parasitic- and viral infection cases. The currently used insecticides are efficient, but safety concerns and the development of insecticide-resistant mosquito strains warrant the search for alternative compound classes for vector control. Here, we have designed and synthesized thiourea-based compounds as non-covalent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase 1 (AChE1) from the mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae (An. gambiae) and Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti), as well as a naturally occurring resistant-conferring mutant. The N-aryl-N'-ethyleneaminothioureas proved to be inhibitors of AChE1; the most efficient one showed submicromolar potency. Importantly, the inhibitors exhibited selectivity over the human AChE (hAChE), which is desirable for new insecticides. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of the thioureas revealed that small changes in the chemical structure had a large effect on inhibition capacity. The thioureas showed to have different SAR when inhibiting AChE1 and hAChE, respectively, enabling an investigation of structure-selectivity relationships. Furthermore, insecticidal activity was demonstrated using adult and larvae An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes.

  • 34.
    Larsson, Andreas
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Johansson, Susanne M. C.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Pinkner, Jerome S.
    Hultgren, Scott J.
    Almqvist, Fredrik
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Multivariate design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of peptide inhibitors of FimC/FimH protein-protein interactions in uropathogenic Escherichia coli2005Inngår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0022-2623, E-ISSN 1520-4804, Vol. 48, nr 4, s. 935-945Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A peptide library targeting protein-protein interactions crucial for pilus assembly in Gram negative bacteria has been designed using statistical molecular design. A nonamer peptide scaffold was used, with seven positions being varied. The selection was performed in the building block space, and previously known structure-activity data were included in the design procedure. This resulted in a heavily reduced library consisting of 32 peptides which was prepared by solid-phase synthesis. The ability of the peptides to inhibit the protein-protein interaction between the periplasmic chaperone FimC and the pilus adhesin FimH was then determined in an ELISA. Novel peptides with the capability to inhibit the FimC/FimH protein(-)protein interaction to the same extent as the native FimC peptides were discovered. Multivariate QSAR studies of the response in the ELISA gave valuable information on the properties of amino acids which were preferred at the seven positions in the nonamer scaffold. This information can be used in attempts to develop optimized peptides and peptidomimetics that inhibit pilus assembly in pathogenic bacteria.

  • 35.
    Larsson, Malin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Fraccalvieri, Domenico
    Andersson, C. David
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Bonati, Laura
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Andersson, Patrik L.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Identification of potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands by virtual screening of industrial chemicals2018Inngår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 25, nr 3, s. 2436-2449Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We have developed a virtual screening procedure to identify potential ligands to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) among a set of industrial chemicals. AhR is a key target for dioxin-like compounds, which is related to these compounds’ potential to induce cancer and a wide range of endocrine and immune system related effects. The virtual screening procedure included an initial filtration aiming at identifying chemicals with structural similarities to 66 known AhR binders, followed by three enrichment methods run in parallel. These include two ligand-based methods (structural fingerprints and nearest neighbor analysis) and one structure-based method using an AhR homology model. A set of 6,445 commonly used industrial chemicals was processed, and each step identified unique potential ligands. Seven compounds were identified by all three enrichment methods, and these compounds included known activators and suppressors of AhR. Only approximately 0.7% (41 compounds) of the studied industrial compounds was identified as potential AhR ligands and among these, 28 compounds have to our knowledge not been tested for AhR-mediated effects or have been screened with low purity. We suggest assessment of AhR-related activities of these compounds and in particular 2-chlorotrityl chloride, 3-p-hydroxyanilino-carbazole, and 3-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 36.
    Larsson, Malin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Kumar Mishra, Brijesh
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Tysklind, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Andersson, Patrik L.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    On the use of electronic descriptors for QSAR modelling of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs£: 2013Inngår i: SAR and QSAR in environmental research (Print), ISSN 1062-936X, E-ISSN 1029-046X, Vol. 24, nr 6, s. 461-479Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The electronic properties of 29 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls that have been included in the toxic equivalency factor system have been investigated and used to derive quantum mechanical (QM) chemical descriptors for QSAR modelling. Their utility in this context was investigated alongside descriptors based on ultraviolet absorption data and traditional 2D descriptors including log Kow, polarizability, molecular surface properties, van der Waals volume and selected connectivity indices. The QM descriptors were calculated using the semi-empirical AM1 method and the density functional theory method B3-LYP/6-31G(∗∗). Atom-specific and molecular quantum chemical descriptors were calculated to compare the electronic properties of dioxin-like compounds regardless of their chemical class, with particular emphasis on the lateral positions. Multivariate analysis revealed differences between the chemical classes in terms of their electronic properties and also highlighted differences between congeners. The results obtained demonstrated the importance of considering molecular orbital energies, but also indicated that the ratios of the coefficients of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) at the lateral carbons were important. In addition, the digitalized UV spectra contained chemical information that provided crucial insights into dioxin-like activity.

  • 37.
    Lindgren, Anders E. G.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Karlberg, Tobias
    Ekblad, Torun
    Spjut, Sara
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Thorsell, Ann-Gerd
    Andersson, C. David
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Nhan, Ton Tong
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Hellsten, Victor
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Weigelt, Johan
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Schuler, Herwig
    Elofsson, Mikael
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Chemical Probes to Study ADP-Ribosylation: Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Inhibitors of the Human ADP-Ribosyltransferase ARTD3/PARP32013Inngår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0022-2623, E-ISSN 1520-4804, Vol. 56, nr 23, s. 9556-9568Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The racemic 3-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-N-[1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]propanamide, 1, has previously been identified as a potent but unselective inhibitor of diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase 3 (ARTD3). Herein we describe synthesis and evaluation of SS compounds in this class. It was found that the stereochemistry is of great importance for both selectivity and potency and that substituents on the phenyl ring resulted in poor solubility. Certain variations at the meso position were tolerated and caused a large shift in the binding pose. Changes to the ethylene linker that connects the quinazolinone to the amide were also investigated but proved detrimental to binding. By combination of synthetic organic chemistry and structure-based design, two selective inhibitors of ARTD3 were discovered.

  • 38.
    Lindgren, Anders E. G.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Karlberg, Tobias
    Thorsell, Ann-Gerd
    Hesse, Mareike
    Spjut, Sara
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Ekblad, Torun
    Andersson, C. David
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Pinto, Ana Filipa
    Weigelt, Johan
    Hottiger, Michael O.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Elofsson, Mikael
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Schueler, Herwig
    PARP Inhibitor with Selectivity Toward ADP-Ribosyltransferase ARTD3/PARP32013Inngår i: ACS Chemical Biology, ISSN 1554-8929, E-ISSN 1554-8937, Vol. 8, nr 8, s. 1698-1703Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Inhibiting ADP-ribosyl transferases with PARP-inhibitors is considered a promising strategy for the treatment of many cancers and ischemia, but most of the cellular targets are poorly characterized. Here, we describe an inhibitor of ADP-ribosyltransferase-3/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-3 (ARTD3), a regulator of DNA repair and mitotic progression. In vitro profiling against 12, members of the enzyme family suggests selectivity for ARTD3, and crystal structures illustrate the molecular basis for inhibitor selectivity. The compound is active in cells, where it elicits ARTD3-specific effects at submicromolar concentration. Our results show that by targeting the nicotinamide binding site, selective inhibition can be achieved among the closest relatives of the validated clinical target, ADP-ribosyltransferase-1/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1.

  • 39.
    Lindgren, Anders E G
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Larsson, Andreas
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Elofsson, Michael
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR).
    Statistical molecular design: a tool to follow up hits from small-molecule screening.2014Inngår i: Methods in Molecular Biology, ISSN 1064-3745, E-ISSN 1940-6029, Vol. 1056, s. 169-188Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In high-throughput screening (HTS) a robust assay is used to interrogate a large collection of small organic molecules in order to find compounds, hits, with a desired biological activity. The hits are then further explored by an iterative process where new compounds are designed, purchased, or synthesized, followed by an evaluation in one or more assays. Statistical molecular design (SMD) is a useful method to select a balanced, varied, and information-rich compound collection based on hits from HTS in order to create a foundation for development of optimized compounds with improved properties. In this chapter, we describe the use of SMD to explore a hit obtained from small-molecule screening.

  • 40.
    Lindgren, Cecilia
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Andersson, Ida E.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Berg, Lotta
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Dobritzsch, Doreen
    Ge, Changrong
    Haag, Sabrina
    Uciechowska, Urszula
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Holmdahl, Rikard
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Hydroxyethylene isosteres introduced in type II collagen fragments substantially alter the structure and dynamics of class II MHC A(q)/glycopeptide complexes2015Inngår i: Organic and biomolecular chemistry, ISSN 1477-0520, E-ISSN 1477-0539, Vol. 13, nr 22, s. 6203-6216Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are involved in initiation of immune responses to foreign antigens via presentation of peptides to receptors of CD4(+) T-cells. An analogous presentation of self-peptides may lead to autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The glycopeptide fragment CII259-273, derived from type II collagen, is presented by A(q) MHCII molecules in the mouse and has a key role in development of collagen induced arthritis (CIA), a validated model for RA. We have introduced hydroxyethylene amide bond isosteres at the Ala(261)-Gly(262) position of CII259-273. Biological evaluation showed that A(q) binding and T cell recognition were dramatically reduced for the modified glycopeptides, although static models predicted similar binding modes as the native type II collagen fragment. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that introduction of the hydroxyethylene isosteres disturbed the entire hydrogen bond network between the glycopeptides and A(q). As a consequence the hydroxyethylene isosteric glycopeptides were prone to dissociation from A(q) and unfolding of the beta(1)-helix. Thus, the isostere induced adjustment of the hydrogen bond network altered the structure and dynamics of A(q)/glycopeptide complexes leading to the loss of A(q) affinity and subsequent T cell response.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 41.
    Lindgren, Cecilia
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Forsgren, Nina
    Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security.
    Akfur, Christine
    Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security.
    Berg, Lotta
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Andersson, David
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Hillgren, Mikael
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Qian, Weixing
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Svensson, Richard
    Worek, Franz
    Ekström, Fredrik
    Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Design of Reactive Drugs: Structure and Mechanism of Novel Nerve Agent AntidotesManuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 42.
    Lindgren, Cecilia
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Forsgren, Nina
    CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden.
    Hoster, Norman
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Akfur, Christine
    CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden.
    Artursson, Elisabet
    CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden.
    Edvinsson, Lotta
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Svensson, Richard
    Biomedicinskt Centrum BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Worek, Franz
    Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany.
    Ekström, Fredrik
    CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Broad-Spectrum Antidote Discovery by Untangling the Reactivation Mechanism of Nerve-Agent-Inhibited Acetylcholinesterase2022Inngår i: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 28, nr 40, artikkel-id e202200678Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Reactivators are vital for the treatment of organophosphorus nerve agent (OPNA) intoxication but new alternatives are needed due to their limited clinical applicability. The toxicity of OPNAs stems from covalent inhibition of the essential enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which reactivators relieve via a chemical reaction with the inactivated enzyme. Here, we present new strategies and tools for developing reactivators. We discover suitable inhibitor scaffolds by using an activity-independent competition assay to study non-covalent interactions with OPNA-AChEs and transform these inhibitors into broad-spectrum reactivators. Moreover, we identify determinants of reactivation efficiency by analysing reactivation and pre-reactivation kinetics together with structural data. Our results show that new OPNA reactivators can be discovered rationally by exploiting detailed knowledge of the reactivation mechanism of OPNA-inhibited AChE.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 43.
    Lindgren, Cecilia
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Tyagi, Mohit
    Viljanen, Johan
    Toms, Johannes
    Ge, Changrong
    Zhang, Naru
    Holmdahl, Rikard
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Dynamics Determine Signaling in a Multicomponent System Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis2018Inngår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0022-2623, E-ISSN 1520-4804, Vol. 61, nr 11, s. 4774-4790Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Strategies that target multiple components are usually required for treatment of diseases originating from complex biological systems. The multicomponent system consisting of the DR4 major histocompatibility complex type II molecule, the glycopeptide CI1259-273 from type II collagen, and a T-cell receptor is associated with development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We introduced non-native amino acids and amide bond isosteres into CI1259-273 and investigated the effect on binding to DR4 and the subsequent T-cell response. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that complexes between DR4 and derivatives of CI1259-273 were highly dynamic. Signaling in the overall multicomponent system was found to depend on formation of an appropriate number of dynamic intramolecular hydrogen bonds between DR4 and CI1259-273, together with the positioning of the galactose moiety of CI1259-273 in the DR4 binding groove. Interestingly, the system tolerated modifications at several positions in CI1259-273, indicating opportunities to use analogues to increase our understanding of how rheumatoid arthritis develops and for evaluation as vaccines to treat RA.

  • 44.
    Lindgren, Cecilia
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Tyagi, Mohit
    Viljanen, Johan
    Toms, Johannes
    Ge, Changrong
    Zhang, Naru
    Holmdahl, Rikard
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Modification of a Fragment from Type II Collagen Affects the Dynamics of Human Class II MHC Proteins and the Subsequent T-Cell Response, Associated with Rheumatoid ArthritisManuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 45.
    Lindström, Anton
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Edvinsson, Lotta
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Johansson, Andreas
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Andersson, C David
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Andersson, Ida E
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Raubacher, Florian
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Postprocessing of docked protein-ligand complexes using implicit solvation models2011Inngår i: Journal of chemical information and modeling, ISSN 1549-960X (online), 1549-9596 (print), Vol. 51, nr 2, s. 267-282Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Molecular docking plays an important role in drug discovery as a tool for the structure-based design of small organic ligands for macromolecules. Possible applications of docking are identification of the bioactive conformation of a protein−ligand complex and the ranking of different ligands with respect to their strength of binding to a particular target. We have investigated the effect of implicit water on the postprocessing of binding poses generated by molecular docking using MM-PB/GB-SA (molecular mechanics Poisson−Boltzmann and generalized Born surface area) methodology. The investigation was divided into three parts: geometry optimization, pose selection, and estimation of the relative binding energies of docked protein−ligand complexes. Appropriate geometry optimization afforded more accurate binding poses for 20% of the complexes investigated. The time required for this step was greatly reduced by minimizing the energy of the binding site using GB solvation models rather than minimizing the entire complex using the PB model. By optimizing the geometries of docking poses using the GBHCT+SA model then calculating their free energies of binding using the PB implicit solvent model, binding poses similar to those observed in crystal structures were obtained. Rescoring of these poses according to their calculated binding energies resulted in improved correlations with experimental binding data. These correlations could be further improved by applying the postprocessing to several of the most highly ranked poses rather than focusing exclusively on the top-scored pose. The postprocessing protocol was successfully applied to the analysis of a set of Factor Xa inhibitors and a set of glycopeptide ligands for the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Aq protein. These results indicate that the protocol for the postprocessing of docked protein−ligand complexes developed in this paper may be generally useful for structure-based design in drug discovery.

  • 46.
    Lindström, Anton
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Johansson, Andreas
    Linusson, Anna
    Investigation of MM-GB/PB-SA for Rescoring of Docking Poses and Accurate Prediction of Relative Potencies of Binding AffinityManuskript (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 47.
    Lindström, Anton
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Linusson, Anna
    Geometry Optimization of Docking Poses Using Implicit Solvation ModelsManuskript (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 48. Lindström, Anton
    et al.
    Pettersson, Fredrik
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Almqvist, Fredrik
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Berglund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Kemi.
    Hierarchical PLS modeling for predicting the binding of a comprehensive set of structurally diverse protein-ligand complexes.2006Inngår i: Journal of Chem Inf Model, ISSN 1549-9596, Vol. 46, nr 3, s. 1154-1167Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A new approach is presented for predicting ligand binding to proteins using hierarchical partial-least-squares regression to latent structures (Hi-PLS). Models were based on information from the 2002 release of the PDBbind database containing (after in-house refinement) high-resolution X-ray crystallography and binding affinity (Kd or Ki) data for 612 protein-ligand complexes. The complexes were characterized by four different descriptor blocks: three-dimensional (3D) structural descriptors of the proteins, protein-ligand interactions according to the Validate scoring function, binding site surface areas, and ligand 2D and 3D descriptors. These descriptor blocks were used in Hi-PLS models, generated using both linear and nonlinear terms, to relate the characterizations to pKd/i. The results show that each of the four descriptor blocks contributed to the model, and the predictions of pKd/i of the internal test set gave a root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.65. The data were further divided according to the structural classification of the proteins, and Hi-PLS models were constructed for the resulting subclasses. The models for the four subclasses differed considerably in terms of both their ability to predict pKd/i (with RMSEPs ranging from 0.8 to 1.56) and the descriptor block that had the strongest influence. The models were validated with an external test set of 174 complexes from the 2003 release of the PDBbind database. The overall results show that the presented Hi-PLS methodology could facilitate the difficult task of predicting binding affinity.

  • 49.
    Lindström, Anton
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Pettersson, Fredrik
    The Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
    Linusson, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Quantitative protein descriptors for secondary structure characterization and protein classification2009Inngår i: Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, ISSN 0169-7439, E-ISSN 1873-3239, Vol. 95, nr 1, s. 74-85Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study protein chains were characterized based on alignment-independent protein descriptors using three types of structural and sequence data; (i) C-α atom Euclidean distances, (ii) protein backbone ψ and φ angles and (iii) amino acid physicochemical properties (zz-scales). The descriptors were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and further elucidated using the multivariate methods partial least-squares projections to latent structures discriminant-analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical-PLS-DA. The descriptors were applied to three protein chain datasets: (i) 82 chains classified, according to the structural classification of proteins (SCOP) scheme, as either all-α or all-β; (ii) 96 chains classified as either α + β or α/β and (iii) 6590 chains of all aforementioned classes selected from the PDB-select database. Results showed that the descriptors related to the secondary structure of the chains. The C-α Euclidean distances, and as expected, the protein backbone angles were found to be most important for the characterization and classification of chains. Assignment of SCOP classes using PLS-DA based on all descriptor types was satisfactory for all-α and all-β chains with more than 93% correct classifications of a large external test set, while the protein chains of types α/β and α + β was harder to discriminate between, resulting in 74% and 54% correct classifications, respectively.

  • 50.
    Linusson, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Elofsson, Mikael
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Andersson, Ida E
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Dahlgren, Markus K
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Statistical molecular design of balanced compound libraries for QSAR modeling2010Inngår i: Current Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0929-8673, E-ISSN 1875-533X, Vol. 17, nr 19, s. 2001-2016Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A fundamental step in preclinical drug development is the computation of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, i.e. models that link chemical features of compounds with activities towards a target macromolecule associated with the initiation or progression of a disease. QSAR models are computed by combining information on the physicochemical and structural features of a library of congeneric compounds, typically assembled from two or more building blocks, and biological data from one or more in vitro assays. Since the models provide information on features affecting the compounds' biological activity they can be used as guides for further optimization. However, in order for a QSAR model to be relevant to the targeted disease, and drug development in general, the compound library used must contain molecules with balanced variation of the features spanning the chemical space believed to be important for interaction with the biological target. In addition, the assays used must be robust and deliver high quality data that are directly related to the function of the biological target and the associated disease state. In this review, we discuss and exemplify the concept of statistical molecular design (SMD) in the selection of building blocks and final synthetic targets (i.e. compounds to synthesize) to generate information-rich, balanced libraries for biological testing and computation of QSAR models.

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