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  • 1.
    Bengtsson, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Baldwin, Andrew
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Business induced barriers in explaining the effects of deregulation: Two Swedish case studies1998Ingår i: Who Benefits from Privatisation? / [ed] Moazzem Hossain and Justin Malbon, Routledge, 1998, s. 157-182Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
  • 2.
    Biedenbach, Galina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Bengtsson, Maria
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Brand equity, satisfaction and switching costs: An examination of effects in the B2B setting2013Ingår i: Book of Abstracts from the 8th Global Brand Conference of Brand, Identity and Corporate Reputation SIG, Academy of Marketing, 2013Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of satisfaction and switching costs on the development of brand equity in the B2B setting. The study considers the hierarchical effects between brand awareness, brand associations, perceived quality, and brand loyalty. Furthermore, the conceptual model examines the direct effect of switching costs on satisfaction. The structural equation modeling was used to analyze 632 responses from the CEOs and CFOs of organizations buying auditing and business consultancy services from one of the Big Four auditing companies. The findings demonstrate the significant impact of satisfaction and switching costs on B2B brand equity.

  • 3.
    Biedenbach, Galina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Bengtsson, Maria
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Brand equity, satisfaction, and switching costs: An examination of effects in the business-to-business setting2015Ingår i: Marketing Intelligence & Planning, ISSN 0263-4503, E-ISSN 1758-8049, Vol. 33, nr 2, s. 164-178Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of satisfaction and switching costs on the development of brand equity in the business-to-business setting. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze 632 responses from the CEOs and CFOs of organizations buying auditing and business consultancy services from one of the Big Four auditing companies. The findings demonstrate the significant impact of satisfaction and switching costs on B2B brand equity. Furthermore, the findings show the positive effect of switching costs on satisfaction. The findings provide a strong foundation for further investigation of links between the key marketing concepts: brand equity, satisfaction, and switching costs.

  • 4.
    Biedenbach, Galina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    The impact of customer experience on brand equity in a business-to-business services setting2010Ingår i: Journal of Brand Management, ISSN 1350-231X, E-ISSN 1479-1803, Vol. 17, s. 446-458Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The main purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of customer experience on brand equity in a business-to-business (B2B) services setting. The conceptual model illustrates the impact of customer experience on the formation of brand equity, which is assessed through a hierarchy of effects between brand awareness, brand associations, perceived quality and brand loyalty. Structural equation modeling is used to test the proposed model in the B2B setting. The findings of the study indicate that customer experience has a positive effect on the four dimensions of brand equity. The study provides marketing managers with a clear understanding of how customer experience affects brand equity in the B2B context. The study portrays the importance of creating a positive customer experience through a direct interaction of customers with the company and its brand. The study advances the current state of knowledge by analyzing the impact of customer experience on all dimensions of brand equity and by including a hierarchy of effects between different dimensions in one conceptual model.

  • 5.
    Biedenbach, Thomas
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Vanyushyn, Vladimir
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Industry-university collaboration and absorptive capacity: an empirical study in a Swedish context2018Ingår i: International Journal of Technology Management, ISSN 0267-5730, E-ISSN 1741-5276, Vol. 76, nr 1-2, s. 81-103Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we examine the role of firms' absorptive capacity in industry-university collaboration and, in particular, whether absorptive capacity moderates the effects of university collaboration on firms' innovativeness. Having defined absorptive capacity as the recognition, assimilation and application of valuable external knowledge for commercial purposes, we formulated three hypotheses pertaining to firm innovativeness and tested them in an original survey comprising a representative multi-industry sample of 1,532 Swedish firms. The results suggest that benefiting from university cooperation is conditional upon the firm's level of absorptive capacity. At low levels of absorptive capacity, engaging with universities does not translate into any noticeable increase in innovative output. In contrast, medium to high levels of absorptive capacity is where a firm benefit most from collaborating with a university. We also show that these effects are more pronounced for firms operating in sectors characterised by lower levels of technology and knowledge intensity.

  • 6.
    Eriksson, Jessica
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Företagsekonomi.
    Biedenbach, Galina
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Perception of opportunities from an infrastructure investment: investigating the effects of institutional thickness, innovativeness and local embeddedness2012Ingår i: Book of Abstracts, RENT XXVI – Research in Entrepreneurship and Small Business, ECSB., 2012Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The main purpose of this paper is to explore organizations’ perception of opportunities as a consequence of an infrastructure investment. More specifically, the study investigates the effects of organizations’ perception of institutional thickness, innovativeness, and local embeddedness on perception of opportunities. The study reports on investments made in a new railway in a Swedish peripheral region. The sample included organizations from different economic sectors located in seven selected municipalities. The data was analyzed by using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that activities supporting institutional thickness have a positive effect on perception of opportunities. In addition, organizations characterized by high levels of innovativeness and local embeddedness are more likely to perceive positively opportunities arising from an infrastructure investment.

  • 7. Gamble, Amelie
    et al.
    Gärling, Tommy
    Västfjäll, Daniel
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskaplig fakultet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Interaction effects of mood induction and nominal representation of price on consumer choice2005Ingår i: Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, ISSN 0969-6989, Vol. 12, nr 6, s. 397-406Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The transition to the euro in several European countries causes consumers to make mistakes in economic transactions. One mistake referred to as the “euro illusion” is the tendency to evaluate prices on the basis of their nominal representation, thus overestimating or underestimating how expensive products are. Investigating effects of the euro illusion on consumer choice as well as moderating effects of mood, three laboratory experiments were conducted employing convenience samples of students. In Experiment 1 a bias toward the nominal representation was demonstrated when participants chose an unfamiliar (fictitious) large-unit currency (small numbers) for paying the price of a consumer product but chose an unfamiliar small-unit currency (large numbers) for obtaining a salary. The bias was larger for participants who were induced to feel positive and deactivated (calm and relaxed) than for participants who were induced to feel negative and activated (anxious and jittery). The difference in frequencies of choice of currency were replicated in Experiment 2. No effects were, however, found of natural mood assessed by self-report ratings. In Experiment 3 choices of more expensive consumer products with additional features were more frequent when the prices were expressed in the large-unit currency than when expressed in the small-unit currency. Neither in this case did self-reported natural mood affect the choices.

  • 8.
    Garvill, Jörgen
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
    Gärling, Fredrik
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, Kulturgeografi, Transportforskningsenheten (TRUM).
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Westin, Kerstin
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kulturgeografiska institutionen.
    Smart fart: Rekrytering av testförare och montering av fartkollare2001Rapport (Övrig (populärvetenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 9.
    Garvill, Jörgen
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, Kulturgeografi, Transportforskningsenheten (TRUM). Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskaplig fakultet, Psykologi.
    Marell, Agneta
    Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Nordlund, Annika
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskaplig fakultet, Psykologi.
    Effects of increased awareness on choice of travel mode2003Ingår i: Transportation, ISSN 0049-4488 (Print) 1572-9435 (Online), Vol. 30, nr 1, s. 63-79Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper reports a field experiment with the purpose of studying the effects of increased awareness on travel mode choice. One hundred fifteen subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. In the experimental group, a more deliberate choice of travel mode was induced and expected to result in a stronger relationship between attitude and behavior, a weaker relationship between habit and behavior, and a behavioral change among individuals with a strong habit. Attitude, habit, and behavior were measured in travel diaries and questionnaires. The results indicated no significant change in the relationship between attitude and behavior and no significant change in the relationship between habit and behavior. However, a temporally extended decrease in car use was observed in the experimental group. The effect was noted for individuals with a strong habit who reduced their car use but not for subjects with a weak habit.

  • 10.
    Garvill, Jörgen
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, Kulturgeografi, Transportforskningsenheten (TRUM).
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskaplig fakultet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Westin, Kerstin
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, Kulturgeografi, Transportforskningsenheten (TRUM).
    Factors influencing drivers' decision to install an electronic speed checker in the car2003Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, ISSN 1369-8478, Vol. 6, nr 1, s. 37-43Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Intelligent speed adaptation (ISA) refers to various concepts aiming at limiting the vehicle speed. In Umea, Sweden, a large scale field study was carried out to test the possibility to, on a voluntary basis, install one type of ISA device in private vehicles. In this study 10,300 car owners were contacted by telephone and offered to have an ISA device installed in their car. This paper reports on drivers' attitudes to four different ISA-applications and on factors influencing the decision to install the one type of ISA, an electronic speed checker (ESC). The results show that approximately 40% of the respondents accepted the offer to have an ESC installed in their vehicle. The analysis indicated that age, perceived risk, moral and perceived difficulty to keep the speed limits significantly influenced their evaluation of the ESC and that the perception of the ESC influenced the decision to participate.

  • 11.
    Gärling, Tommy
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Laitila, Thomas
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Statistiska institutionen.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Westin, Kerstin
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kulturgeografiska institutionen.
    A note on the short term effects of deregulation of the Swedish Taxicab Industry1995Ingår i: Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, ISSN 0022-5258, E-ISSN 1754-5951, Vol. 29, nr 2, s. 209-214Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 12.
    Hedlund, Therese
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Gärling, Tommy
    Psykologiska institutionen, Göteborgs universitet.
    Inter-related summer vacation choices by Swedish tourists2011Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, ISSN 1502-2250, E-ISSN 1502-2269, Vol. 11, nr 1, s. 42-53Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of our study was to investigate whether and how different vacation choices vary with respect to a number of attributes and whether there are differences in this respect depending on how familiar the tourist is with the destination. In a web-based survey conducted in the fall of 2007, 681 Swedish residents (response rate 15%) retrospectively reported their vacation trips during the summer. The results warrant the conclusion that it is possible to rank choices of destination, departure date, primary activity, and travel mode according to primacy, importance, inflexibility, and impact on other choices. However, the different measures did not converge in identifying an invariant order of the choices. Individual and situational factors may play important roles for the order. A sequential decision-making process was still identified for the majority of the respondents and the examined choices were to a large extent made before departure. Familiarity with the destination only had an effect on the importance and inflexibility the respondents experienced in their destination choice. Both managerial and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

  • 13.
    Hedlund, Therese
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Gärling, Tommy
    Psykologiska institutionen, Department of Psychology, Göteborgs universitet.
    The mediating effect of value orientation on the relationship between socio-demographic factors and environmental concern in Swedish tourists’ vacation choices2012Ingår i: Journal of Ecotourism, ISSN 1472-4049, E-ISSN 1747-7638, Vol. 11, nr 1, s. 16-33Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A survey of 681 Swedish tourists was conducted to examine how tourists’ value orientation mediates the relationships between socio-demographic factors and environmental concern (EC) in six specific vacation choices. Overall, the results showed that sex, age, education, and income have an effect on EC in choice of destination, time of departure, activity, travel mode, accommodation, and length of trip. Value orientation fully and partially mediated these effects of socio-demographic factors. The partial mediation implies that the socio-demographic factors also have direct effects on ECs. It was further concluded that each vacation choice should be examined separately since both the effect of socio-demographic factors on EC and the mediating effect of value orientation differ depending on which vacation choice the respondent is considering.

  • 14.
    Häggqvist, Ann-Christin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Studentmedverkan som pedagogiskt verktyg2006Ingår i: Tänk efter, tänk nytt, tänk om: universitetspedagogisk konferens i Umeå 2-3 mars 2005 : konferensrapport / [ed] Margareta Erhardsson; Katarina Winka, Umeå: Universitetspedagogiskt centrum, Umeå universitet , 2006, s. 101-107Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 15.
    Jansson, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Nordlund, Annika
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
    Consumer adoption of alternative fuel vehicles: a cluster analytic approach on proenvironmental technology choices and curtailment behaviors2009Ingår i: In Proceedings of the 14th Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Biennial World Marketing Congress, July 21-25, Oslo, Norway, 2009Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the most pressing sustainability issues currently concerns personal car use. From an environmental consumer psychology viewpoint, a substantial knowledge base has developed concerning curtailment behaviors focusing on, for example, the reduction of personal transport. However, little has been done from a marketing perspective using that knowledge to understand proenvironmental technology choices and purchase behaviors. In this paper we use a cluster analytic approach to group consumers on replacement intentions for alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and willingness to reduce negative impact of transportation (curtailment). We use data from a sample of 4,000 adopters and non-adopters of AFVs in Sweden (European market leader of AFVs), when developing profiles of uninformed, shallow green and deeper green consumers. After confirming the results using discriminant analysis, we profile the groups on attitudinal factors, proenvironmental behaviors and adoption of AFVs. Finally we draw conclusions and present theoretical and marketing implications of our results.

  • 16.
    Jansson, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Nordlund, Annika
    Umeå universitet.
    Consumer Adoption of Alternative Fuel Vehicles: A Cluster Analytic Approach on Proenvironmental Technology Choices and Curtailment Behaviors2015Ingår i: Marketing in Transition: Scarcity, Globalism, & Sustainability: Proceedings of the 2009 World Marketing Congress / [ed] Colin L. Campbell, Springer Nature , 2015, s. 3-3Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Although the private passenger car brings consumers freedom of mobility and expression, the downsides to the car focused society are also becoming obvious. Perhaps air pollution and the squandering of dwindling fossil oil resources are the most commonly discussed issues. In order to reduce emissions and to consume less oil, the traditional approach has been to influence consumers to curtail their car use and influence them to switch to other modes of transportation. Considering the increasing private car use in most countries this approach has had limited effect. Another approach winning ground currently is the path of technological development, where new types of vehicles have been developed that are marketed as having a lesser environmental impact than the conventional fossil oil fuelled cars. From a consumer perspective these new alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), running on fuels such as ethanol, natural/biogas and to some extent on electricity, can be viewed as proenvironmental innovations. The problem is that much research within environmental psychology has focused primarily on curtailment behaviors rather than on understanding consumer adoption of purportedly proenvironmental innovations. For example, Stern and colleagues have developed the value-belief-norm (VBN) theory postulating that activated personal norms influence consumers’ proenvironmental behaviors. Although well proven, the VBN-theory has mainly focused on curtailment behaviors. From a consumer behavior point of view, less is known about consumer adoption of proenvironmental innovations.

  • 17.
    Jansson, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Nordlund, Annika
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
    Elucidating green consumers: a cluster analytic approach on proenvironmental purchase and curtailment behaviors2009Ingår i: Journal of Euromarketing, ISSN 1049-6483, E-ISSN 1528-6967, Vol. 18, nr 4, s. 245-267Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study used a cluster analytic approach with the purpose of arriving at a nuanced picture of consumers, in relation to green purchase and curtailment behaviors. Based on Swedish car owners’ values, beliefs, norms, habits, and personal capabilities, three clusters emerged that were validated using discriminant analysis: non-greens, curtailers, and ecovators. The profiling constructs showed that ecovators (ecological innovators) had the highest levels of green beliefs and were found to be innovators with respect to a high involvement eco-innovation (the alternative fuel vehicle). Marketing and policy implications together with suggestions for further research on proenvironmental consumer behavior are provided.

  • 18.
    Jansson, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Nordlund, Annika
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
    Encouraging consumer curtailment behaviour and eco-innovation adoption: detailing the marketing challenge2011Ingår i: Readings and cases in sustainable marketing: a strategic approach to social responsibility / [ed] Clare D'Souza, Mehdi Taghian, Michael Jay Polonsky, Melbourne: Tilde University Press , 2011, 1, s. 257-272Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Chapter 7: Much research on consumer environmentally significant behaviours has focused on behaviours that reduce environmental harm, such as saving energy and water. Although determinants of curtailment behaviours are important to understand, for environmental reasons it is also vital to understand the factors that drive or hinder consumers to adopt innovations that are less harmful for the environment, i.e. eco-innovations. In this chapter we discuss two types of consumer behaviours as part of the solution to environmental sustainability issues and detail the marketing challenge in encouraging consumers to adopt such behaviours. We arrive at the marketing challenge matrix where determinants of adoption and non-adoption of curtailment behaviours and eco-innovations is illustrated. The matrix proposes different ways to encourage wider adoption of these behaviours. Since drivers are both similar and different for curtailment behaviours and eco-innovation adoption, but the overall goal is similar, an understanding of these factors and how to handle them in marketing efforts will contribute in the ongoing attempts at achieving environmental sustainability.

  • 19.
    Jansson, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Nordlund, Annika
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
    Exploring early adopters of an eco-innovation: The case of the alternative fuel vehicle2011Ingår i: Journal of Consumer Behaviour, ISSN 1472-0817, E-ISSN 1479-1838, Vol. 10, nr 1, s. 51-60Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Environmental problems are increasingly becoming everyday issues of international organizations, national governments, and individual consumers. In consumer behavior research considerable effort has been focused on understanding environmentally significant behaviors. One such research stream uses the value-belief-norm theory (VBN) to explain and predict a number of relatively low involvement proenvironmental consumer behaviors such as household energy use. However, many consumer behaviors with significant impact on the environment are categorized as high involvement behaviors where VBN theory has not yet been employed. The aim of this paper is to arrive at a better understanding of consumer adoption of a high involvement eco-innovation using VBN theory. As an example of a high involvement eco-innovation the alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) which runs on fossil oil-alternative fuels such as electricity and biofuels is used. A representative sample of adopters and non-adopters of these vehicles in Sweden were surveyed. Differences between adopters and non-adopters on sociodemographic and VBN factors were analyzed and the explanatory ability of the different factors on adoption was analyzed using logistic regression. The results showed that early adopters had a higher level of education and were much more likely to live in multi-person households compared to non-adopters. In terms of attitudinal factors, adopters exhibited higher levels of proenvironmental values, beliefs, and personal norms (PNs). Furthermore the results established that VBN factors were successful in explaining the early adoption of a high involvement eco-innovation such as the AFV. The implications for consumer research, public policymakers, and for marketers of eco-innovations are discussed.

  • 20.
    Jansson, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Nordlund, Annika
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
    Green consumer behavior: Determinants of curtailment and eco-innovation adoption2010Ingår i: Journal of Consumer Marketing, ISSN 0736-3761, E-ISSN 2052-1200, Vol. 27, nr 4, s. 358-370Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – Knowledge of green consumer behavior is important for environmental and business reasons. The purpose of this study is to examine thedeterminants of green curtailment behaviors and consumer adoption of innovations marketed as green (eco-innovations), and to analyze factorsexplaining these two types of green behaviors.

    Design/methodology/approach – The results from a survey on adopters and non-adopters (N = 1,832) of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) arereported. Regression analysis on willingness to curtail car use and willingness to adopt a so-called environmentally friendly car are used to identifysignificant determinants across the behavioral categories.

    Findings – The results show that values, beliefs, norms, and habit strength determine willingness to curtail and willingness for eco-innovationadoption. Personal norms have a strong positive influence on willingness for the behaviors and habit strength has a negative influence. The otherdeterminants have varying influence depending on type of behavior.

    Research limitations/implications – A limitation of this study concerns the focus on only one eco-innovation. However, since the adoption of AFVs isa high involvement behavior, the results carry implications for other high involvement products as well.Practical implications – Attitudinal factors and habits in combination prove to be effective determinants for curtailment behaviors and willingness toadopt eco-innovations. In addition, previous adoption is found to be a strong determinant of future willingness to adopt.

    Originality/value – The contribution of the paper is the two-sided approach on green consumer behavior and the result that values, beliefs and normsnot only predict low involvement post-purchase behaviors but also adoption of high involvement eco-innovations.

  • 21.
    Jansson, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Nordlund, Annika
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
    Motives for continuous adoption of a proenvironmental innovation: the case of alternative fuel vehicles and fuels2009Ingår i: In Proceedings of the 38th European Marketing Academy Conference (EMAC), May 26-29, Nantes, France, 2009Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Although much consumer adoption research focuses on the innovation-decision process, little research examines the motives for continuous use of the innovation after adoption. For proenvironmental innovations, the continued use of the innovation in an environmental way is imperative in order to reach intended environmental benefits. The aim of this paper is to examine factors influencing continuous usage of an adopted innovation. We report an empirical study carried out in Sweden on adopters of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). The results show that contextual and attitudinal factors, personal capabilities, and how-to knowledge significantly influence continuous adoption. Implications for further research on proenvironmental innovations and continuous adoption are presented.

  • 22.
    Jansson, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Nordlund, Annika
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
    The fossil fuel free future: comparing attitudes and behaviors among owners of alternative fuel vehicles and conventional vehicles2007Ingår i: In Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Sustainable Development Research Conference (AISDRC), June 9-12, Västerås, Sweden, 2007Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The increase of passenger cars and the use of them has been identified as one cause of the increase in emissions of fossil carbon dioxide (CO2) and thus global warming. One way to slow this acceleration of emissions is to replace the current fleet of conventional vehicles (CV) running on fossil based fuels for one that is fuelled by alternative fuels (AF) such as bioethanol and/or biogas. A key stakeholder in this process is the consumer. Without consumers purchasing alternative fuel vehicles (AFV:s) and filling them up with AF:s, a decrease in the emissions fossil CO2 will be hard to achieve. The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of consumer attitudes and behaviors in relation to cars and fuels in a time of a possible market breakthrough of a more environmentally friendly technology. A mail-in survey was conducted on private car owners in Sweden during the winter of 2006. The sample consisted of approximately 4000 car owners, of which 1000 were owners of AFV:s, and the final response rate was close to 50%. Together with measuring attitudes and behavior towards cars and fuels, other environmentally friendly behaviors were also included, such as recycling, conserving energy and buying of organically grown food. By comparing owners of AFV:s and owners of CV:s, differences between the groups are identified and discussed. By presenting these differences, policy makers, vehicle and fuel producers, and consumers, can gain initial insights into a progressing market breakthrough for AFV:s and AF:s.

  • 23.
    Marell, Agneta
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Davidsson, Per
    Department of Business Administration and Economics, Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Gärling, Tommy
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Environmentally friendly replacements of automobiles1995Ingår i: Journal of Economic Psychology, ISSN 0167-4870, E-ISSN 1872-7719, Vol. 16, nr 3, s. 513-529Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A telephone survey of 100 automobile owners was undertaken. One aim was to determine whether the timing of replacement purchases is related to the difference between an owner's assessment of the current quality of their automobile and their aspiration level. Another aim was to investigate whether information indicating that either early or late replacement is better for the environment affects the timing of replacement through an influence on the aspiration level. Sets of path analyses confirmed that replacement purchase intention was causally related to the current level and the aspiration level. An indirect effect of information was furthermore observed through changes in the aspiration level. Degree of environmental concern tended to modify this effect. Replacement purchase intention was found to predict actual purchase.

  • 24.
    Marell, Agneta
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskaplig fakultet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Davidsson, Per
    Gärling, Tommy
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskaplig fakultet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Laitila, Thomas
    Statistik.
    Direct and indirect effects on households' intentions to replace the old car2004Ingår i: Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, ISSN 0969-6989, Vol. 11, nr 1, s. 1-8Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    With the purpose of testing the hypothesis that households' intentions to replace their old car have a direct negative relationship to its perceived quality ('current level') and a direct positive relationship to their aspirations for a new car ('aspiration level'), a rotating panel of car owners were interviewed every fourth month during 2 years. In this data set the hypothesis received support. In addition the results showed that the age of the car, the total number of miles driven, and the number of anticipated repairs affected the current level, whereas marital status, the number of children, consumer confidence, and environmental concern affected the aspiration level.

  • 25.
    Marell, Agneta
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Gärling, Tommy
    Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Laitila, Thomas
    Department of Statistics, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Need vs. opportunity recognition in household car replacements2009Ingår i: International Journal of Consumer Studies, ISSN 1470-6423, E-ISSN 1470-6431, Vol. 33, nr 6, s. 639-643Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    It is hypothesized that an intention to replace the owned car initiated by need recognition (a decrease in perceived current quality level of the old car) or opportunity recognition (an increase in aspired quality level of the new car) will result in purchases of different new cars. A sample of 1083 car owners were interviewed over telephone every fourth month during 2.5 years. The results showed that replacement intentions were not affected by how the intention was formed but that the choice of model year of the new car was. A younger car was chosen if the aspired quality level increased faster across interview waves than the current quality level decreased, and an older car was chosen if the current quality level decreased faster than the aspired quality level increased. As a consequence, if replacement intentions are the result of opportunity recognition, rejuvenation of the car fleet will be faster than if replacement intentions are the result of need recognition.

  • 26.
    Marell, Agneta
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Westin, Kerstin
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kulturgeografiska institutionen.
    Intelligent transportation system and traffic safety: – drivers perception and acceptance of electronic speed checkers1999Ingår i: Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, ISSN 0968-090X, E-ISSN 1879-2359, Vol. 7, nr 2-3, s. 131-147Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) can play an important role in reducing risks and increasing traffic safety. Discussion as to whether a technological approach or a behavioral approach is the right way to achieve a safer traffic environment forms a point of departure for this paper. On the one hand, there are the technicians who emphasize technology as the way towards safer traffic. Behaviorists, on the other hand, view the drivers’ behavior as fundamental and argue that education and incentive-oriented policies are essential in order to influence the driver and therefore increase traffic safety. Independent of the approach advocated a successful outcome of either a technological improvement, or an information campaign, has to be based on a high level of acceptance among potential users. In order to increase traffic safety, it is therefore essential to recognize driver motivation and attitudes. In this paper we focus on drivers’ attitudes towards risk, traffic safety and safety measures. A study of drivers’ attitudes and acceptance of an electronic device for speed checking (which the drivers tested for nine months) indicated a high acceptance level. The drivers perceived that they had both become more aware of traffic regulations and behaved in accordance with safety regulations.

  • 27.
    Marell, Agneta
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskaplig fakultet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Westin, Kerstin
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, Kulturgeografi, Transportforskningsenheten (TRUM).
    The effects of taxicab deregulation in rural areas of Sweden2002Ingår i: Journal of Transport Geography, ISSN 0966-6923, Vol. 10, nr 2, s. 135-144Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In 1990, the taxicab industry in Sweden was deregulated. By eliminating entry and price controls, it was expected that prices would decrease and efficiency/productivity would increase. This paper examines the effects of deregulation in rural areas. We assume that the geographic setting, with respect to population composition, population density, economic life, infrastructure, transport service provision, etc., provides different conditions for taxicab services as well as different demands for taxicab services. Taxi logs and taxi meters provided data for this study. The results indicate that although not all expectations have been fulfilled, some positive effects concerning competition and productivity are noted.

  • 28.
    Marell Molander, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    The household decision making process in replacement of durable goods1998Doktorsavhandling, monografi (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    As durables are essential in many households, the level of ownership is high and, due to the high degree of penetration, a vast proportion of the current sales are replacement purchases. Even though a lot of research attention has been paid to decision making and decision processes many models are oriented towards non-durable goods and although a majority of purchases of many durable goods are replacements, few studies seem to make a distinction between a replacement purchase decision and a decision to buy an item for the first time.

    The purpose of this thesis has been to increase the understanding of the consumer decision process in replacement purchase. More specifically, the research focus has been on the cognitive mechanisms behind the formation of a replacement decision and on factors affecting the timing of a replacement purchase of durable goods. Choosing to study the timing of replacement decisions reflects the emphasis on the ongoing process, not merely on what is happening at a certain moment. Many studies in the consumer behaviour research are cross-sectional and by using cross-sectional data, there is a risk of identifying cohort effects rather then identifying effects stemming from the individual process over time. This thesis' focus on the process is reflected in and emphasised by the choice of method, both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study have been undertaken.

    In order to address the research question, a theoretical framework and model were developed. The model is based on the traditional idea that many actual purchase decisions are realised through the approach of problem solving, entailing problem identification, information search, evaluation of alternatives, choice, and action. The underlying assumption of the model is that purchase expectations are related to a comparison between an aspiration level, defined in accordance with Simon's (1956) satisficing principle, and an evaluation of the currently owned product (current level). Purchase expectations are believed to be the result of a cognitive process encompassing the comparison between aspiration level and current level. When the discrepancy between aspiration level and current level goes beyond a noticeable difference, a purchase expectation is assumed to be formed and the purchase process initiated.

    The results from this studyreveal that the cognitive mechanism behind a replacement decision can be explained in accordance with the proposed model: Consumers compare the currently owned product with requirements of product for the same usage and if the current product falls below the requirements, replacement plans are formed. The timing of the replacement is therefore argued to depend both on factors effecting the requirements of a product for the same usage (the aspiration level), and on factors affecting the perception of the current product (the current level).

    Moreover, the study indicates that problem identification initiated through a change either in aspiration level or in current level might evoke different decision strategies and consequently, the problem identification stage might be more important for marketing strategies than previously assumed. The results aslo highlight the importance of considering the consumers present stage in the decision process for achieving an efficient segmentation for market communication as product attributes important early in the process might not be important later in the process.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    The Household Decision Making Process in Replacemant of Durable Goods
  • 29.
    Nilsson, Elin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Gärling, Tommy
    Gothenburg Universtiy.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Consumers´ satisfaction with grocery shopping in supermarkets and convenience stores2013Ingår i: International Journal of Sales, Retailing and Marketing, ISSN 2045-810X, Vol. 2, nr 4, s. 72-90Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we ask whether there are differences in which attributes are important for satisfaction with grocery shopping in supermarkets compared to convenience stores. We also examine whether accessibility attributes and attractiveness attributes have different impacts on satisfaction depending on consumer characteristics and shopping behaviour in different store formats. The results show a higher overall satisfaction with supermarkets than convenience stores, and within these store formats a higher satisfaction with the chosen store format. This study has increased understanding of the differences between supermarkets and convenience stores with respect to how these store formats makes consumers satisfied depending on the way they do their shopping.

  • 30.
    Nilsson, Elin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Gärling, Tommy
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Effects of time pressure, type of shopping, and store attributes on consumers’ satisfaction with grocery shopping2017Ingår i: International Review of Retail Distribution & Consumer Research, ISSN 0959-3969, E-ISSN 1466-4402, Vol. 27, nr 4, s. 334-351Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study is to investigate whether satisfaction with grocery stores is affected by type of grocery shopping in conjunction with time pressure, and which attributes are important for satisfaction. Fictitious grocery stores are constructed according to a fractional factorial design by varying access, price level, supply quality/range, and service quality. In an Internet survey, 1023 Swedish consumers rated satisfaction with major vs. fill-in shopping imagining they were under high or low time pressure. The results showed that satisfaction is higher for fill-in shopping than major shopping, that time pressure has no effect on satisfaction, and that price level, service quality, and product quality/range are more important for satisfaction with major shopping, whereas access is more important for satisfaction with fill-in shopping. It is also found that the importance of attributes for satisfaction depends on type of shopping more than on individual characteristics.

  • 31.
    Nilsson, Elin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Gärling, Tommy
    Gothenburg Universtiy.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Nordvall, Anna-Carin
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Importance ratings of grocery store attributes2015Ingår i: International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, ISSN 0959-0552, E-ISSN 1758-6690, Vol. 43, nr 1, s. 63-91Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive set of grocery store attributes that can be standardized and used in empirical research aiming at increasing retailers´ understanding of determinants of grocery store choice, and assessing how the relative importance of the attributes is affected by consumer socio-demographic characteristics and shopping behaviour.

    Design/methodology/approach: An Internet survey of 1,575 Swedish consumers was conducted. A large set of attributes was rated by the participants on seven-point scales with respect to their importance for choice of grocery store. Principal component analysis resulted in a reduced set of reliably measured aggregated attributes. This set included the attractiveness attributes price level, supply range, supply quality, service quality, storescape quality, facilities for childcare, and closeness to other stores, and the accessibility attributes easy access by car, easy access by other travel modes, and availability (closeness to store and opening hours).

    Findings: The results showed that accessibility by car is the most important grocery store attribute, storescape quality and availability the next most important and facilities for childcare the least important. It was also found that socio-demographic factors and shopping behaviour have an impact on the importance of the store attributes.

    Originality/value: A comprehensive set of attractiveness and accessibility attributes of grocery stores that can be standardized and used in empirical research is established. The results are valid for the Swedish-European conditions that differ from the conditions in North America where most previous research has been conducted. The results reveal the relative importance grocery-shopping consumers place on controllable attractiveness attributes compared to uncontrollable accessibility attributes as well as the relative importance of the attributes within each category.

  • 32.
    Nilsson, Elin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Gärling, Tommy
    Gothenburg Universtiy.
    Nordvall, Anna-Carin
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi.
    Who shops groceries where and how?: The relationship between choice of store format and type of grocery shopping2015Ingår i: International Review of Retail Distribution & Consumer Research, ISSN 0959-3969, E-ISSN 1466-4402, Vol. 25, nr 1, s. 1-19Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates the relationship between type of grocery shopping, consumers’ choice of store format and demographic characteristics. By simultaneously observing consumers’ choice of store format and whether they are major or fill-in shopping, we are able to investigate combinations of shopping types and store format than has been done previously. In an Internet survey, a sample of 1,575 Swedish consumers reported how they shop groceries. Statistical analyses were performed to determine what consumer characteristics explain frequency of major versus fill-in shopping and frequency of shopping in supermarkets versus convenience stores. Five different segments of consumers are distinguished on the basis of how they shop (major versus fill-in shopping) and where they shop (supermarkets versus convenience stores): “Planning Suburbans”, “Pedestrians”, “Social Shoppers”,City Dwellers”, and “Flexibles”. These segments differ on various characteristics. The results inform retailers of the characteristics of consumers patronizing their stores, enabling them to change the store attributes to fit consumer needs as well as the needs of new consumers.

  • 33.
    Ossipenko, Galina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Bengtsson, Maria
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet.
    Satisfaction and brand equity: an empirical analysis of the effects in the B2B setting2009Ingår i: Proceeding of the 38th EMAC Conference / [ed] Jean-Pierre Helfer, Jean-Louis Nicolas, European Marketing Academy , 2009Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The main purpose of the study is to examine the causal relationships between satisfaction and the dimensions of brand equity. Despite the importance that customer satisfaction and brand equity have for the company’s success, the causal relationships between these concepts were not investigated in previous research. Considering the hierarchical effects between the brand equity dimensions, the conceptual framework examines the relationships between satisfaction and brand equity in the business-to-business setting. Confirmatory factor analysis indicates significant positive effects of satisfaction on brand awareness, brand associations, and brand loyalty. The important link between perceived quality, satisfaction, and brand loyalty is confirmed in this study.

  • 34.
    Ossipenko, Galina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Bengtsson, Maria
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    Marell, Agneta
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE).
    The impact of customer experience on brand equity: a communal relationships norms perspective2008Ingår i: Book of Abstracts from 4th International Colloquium of Academy of Marketing Brand, Identity and Corporate Reputation SIG: Experiental Brands, Identity and Reputation: The Power of Intangible Assets in Expressive Organisations and Markets / [ed] Francisco Guzmán, Academy of Marketing - Brand, Identity and Corporate Reputation SIG , 2008Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The main purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of customer experience on different dimensions of brand equity. The study employs a customer-based approach for conceptualizing brand equity. The conceptual model illustrates the impact of customer experience on the formation of brand equity, which is assessed through a hierarchy of effects between the brand equity dimensions. Structural equation modeling is used to perform a confirmatory factor analysis testing the significance of the proposed model in the business-to-business setting.

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