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  • 1.
    Jonsson, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Ström, Lena
    Åberg, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Composition and variations in the occurrence of dissolved free simple organic compounds of an unproductive lake ecosystem in northern Sweden2007Ingår i: Biogeochemistry, Vol. 82, nr 2, s. 153-163Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Low molecular weight organic carbon compounds are potentially important carbon and energy substrates to heterotrophic production in the aquatic environment. We studied the occurrence of dissolved free amino acids (AA), monosaccharides (CHO), and carboxylic acids (CA) in the subarctic Lake Diktar-Erik. The lake is unproductive with slightly humic water, and receives water via one major inlet stream draining a birch forest environment. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the inlet stream was strongly correlated with the discharge. This relationship changed from season to season, indicating changes in the sources of the DOC entering the stream. AA and CHO each accounted for an average of less than 0.5% of the DOC. After high discharge events during the ice-free period, AA and CHO occurred in especially high concentrations. CA occurred in higher concentrations during the ice-free period, when it generally accounted for 20–30% of the DOC pool. The CA content relative to the total DOC pool was strongly inversely correlated with overall DOC concentration, and at low DOC levels the relative content of CA was high and vice versa. This followed a seasonal trend, with CA accounting for a smaller proportion of the DOC in winter and a larger part in spring/early summer. A conservative estimate suggested that the studied simple organic carbon compounds potentially could cover 30% of the bacterial gross production in the lake and therefore potentially also was an important source of CO2 that occur in supersaturated concentrations in the lake.

  • 2.
    Jonsson, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Åberg, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Jansson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Variations in pCO2 during summer in the surface water of an unproductive lake in northern Sweden2007Ingår i: Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology, ISSN 0280-6509, E-ISSN 1600-0889, Vol. 59, nr 5, s. 797-803Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Unproductive lakes are generally supersaturated with carbon dioxide (CO2) and emit CO2 to the atmosphere continuously during ice-free periods. However, temporal variation of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and thus of CO2 evasion to atmosphere is poorly documented. We therefore carried out temporally high-resolution (every 6 h) measurements of the pCO2 using an automated logger system in the surface water of a subarctic, unproductive, lake in the birch forest belt. The study period was June–September 2004. We found that the pCO2 showed large seasonal variation, but low daily variation. The seasonal variation was likely mainly caused by variations in input and mineralization of allochthonous organic matter. Stratification depth probably also influenced pCO2 of the surface water by controlling the volume in which mineralization of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) occurred. In lakes, with large variations in pCO2, as in our study lake a high (weekly) sampling intensity is recommended for obtaining accurate estimates of the evasion of CO2.

  • 3.
    Jonsson, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Åberg, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Lindroth, Anders
    Jansson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Gas transfer rate and CO2 flux between an unproductive lake and the atmosphere in northern Sweden2008Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, Vol. 113, s. Art.no. G04006-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Measurements of the gas transfer rate of CO2 between lake water and the atmosphere present a critical problem for the understanding of lake ecosystem carbon balances and landscape carbon budgets. We present calculations of the gas transfer rate of CO2 from direct measurements of the CO2 flux using an eddy covariance system and concurrent measurements of the concentration of CO2 in the surface water in a lake in boreal zone of northern Sweden. The measured gas transfer rate was different, and in general larger than, rates obtained with the most commonly used models for prediction of the gas transfer rate in lakes. The normalized gas transfer rate (k600EC) was well predicted from the wind speed at 10 m height if data were bin classed into wind classes of 1 m/s for winds above 1 m/s. Unbinned data were also correlated to wind speed but also to water temperature, water temperature/air temperature ratio and to incoming photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). These relationships could reflect effects of both physico-chemical reactions and biological activity.

  • 4.
    Åberg, J
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Bergström, Ann-Kristin
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Algesten, G
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Söderback, K
    Jansson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    A comparison of the carbon balances of a natural lake (L. Örträsket) and a hydroelectric reservoir (L. Skinnmuddselet) in northern Sweden2004Ingår i: Water Research, Vol. 38, s. 531-538Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Carbon balances were calculated for the summer stratification period of 2001 for the hydroelectric reservoir L. Skinnmuddselet (created in 1989) and the natural L. Örträsket, and estimated on annual basis for both lakes. The reservoir and the lake have similar chemical characteristics and are located in adjacent catchments in the northern part of Sweden. Our main hypothesis was that the CO2 production and emissions from the reservoir, L. Skinnmuddselet, would be greater than in the natural L. Örträsket, due to the decomposition of flooded vegetation and peat.

    The carbon balances showed that the total production of CO2 per unit lake surface area during the summer was very similar in the natural lake and the reservoir (31.3 g C m−2 in L. Örträsket and 25.3 g C m−2 in L. Skinnmuddselet). The sediments were the major CO2 source in the reservoir, while most of the mineralization in the natural lake occurred in the water column. On annual basis the natural L. Örträsket produced and emitted more CO2 per unit of lake surface area than the reservoir L. Skinnmuddselet since mineralization proceeded during winter when L. Skinnmuddselet was emptied for electricity production. Therefore, the potential for CO2 emission was not greater in the reservoir than in the natural lake.

  • 5.
    Åberg, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Production and emission of CO2 in two unproductive lakes in northern Sweden2009Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Unproductive lakes are one of few natural landscape compartments with net release of carbon to the atmosphere. Lakes also generally decrease the net terrestrial carbon uptake, since most of the CO2 production in unproductive lakes are derived from organic carbon produced on land (e.g. in forests). High latitude lakes are predicted to be particularly affected by the global climate change. The carbon cycling in these lakes and their role in the landscape are therefore important to study.

    In this thesis, carbon turnover processes were studied in two lakes above the arctic circle (Lake Diktar-Erik and Lake Merasjärvi) in year 2004 and 2005. Both lakes were net heterotrophic, with large variations in CO2 concentrations both on shorter (30min) and longer (24h) time-scales. The pelagic habitat supported a major part of the net production of CO2, with larger dynamics in the CO2 production than the sediments. The CO2 variations of the surface water were related to respiration of allochthonous organic carbon, and were affected by the concentration and quality of the DOC, as well as the whole lake water temperatures, and vertical water movements.

    The emission of CO2 from Lake Merasjärvi was measured with the eddy covariance tech­nique. The results showed that the gas transfer rate during moderate winds were higher than expected, causing the two most commonly used models to underestimate the long term fluxes of CO2 from the lake.

    Taken together, the results of the thesis show that the studied lakes contributed to bring terrestrial organic carbon back into the atmosphere, driven by a substantial internal CO2 production based on mineralization of allochthonous organic carbon. Major results are that the eddy covariance technique indicated that commonly used models tend to underestimate the net release rate of CO2 from lakes to the atmosphere, and that the lake CO2 dynamics can be the results of interactions between biogeochemical and physical processes in the lake water.

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  • 6.
    Åberg, Jan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Jansson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Jonsson, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Contributions of internal and external sources to the CO2 emission from a subarctic lake2005Ingår i: Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol., Vol. 29, s. 577-579Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 7.
    Åberg, Jan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Jansson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Jonsson, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Importance of water temperature and thermal stratification dynamics for temporal variation of surface water CO2 in a boreal lake2010Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research, ISSN 0148-0227, E-ISSN 2156-2202, Vol. 115, nr G02024, s. 10PP-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Variation of the surface water CO2 concentration is likely to be the result of biological activity and physical processes as water mixing and gas exchange with the atmosphere. Here we have studied the variations in surface water CO2 during the ice-free period in the humic Lake Merasjärvi in northern Sweden. Meteorological, hydrological and limnological data were collected using data logging equipment permitting high time-resolution. The surface water of the lake was supersaturated with respect to CO2 throughout the study period. There were, however, considerable diurnal and longer-term temporal variations of the surface water CO2 concentrations. Partial least squares (PLS) models were used to link the logged CO2 data to the multivariate dataset. On the longer-term time scale (analyzed with 24h means of the logged data) high concentrations of surface water CO2 were best related to the depth and temperature of the upper warmer layer (epilimnion), and to erosion of the underlying colder layer (hypolimnion). The diurnal variation (analyzed with 30 minute means of the logged data) was best related to the thermal dynamics within the epilimnion, which regulated the surface water access to CO2 stores within this layer. Variables related to CO2 emission and photosynthesis (wind and PAR), showed only weak correlations to variations of the surface water CO2 concentration. Accordingly, the CO2 flux, measured with the eddy-covariance technique, was not correlated to the surface water CO2 concentration.

  • 8.
    Åberg, Jan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Jansson, Mats
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Karlsson, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Nääs, Klockar-Jenny
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Jonsson, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet, Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Pelagic and benthic net production of dissolved inorganic carbon in an unproductive subarctic lake2007Ingår i: Freshwater Biology, Vol. 52, nr 3, s. 549-560Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    1. Both the pelagic and benthic net dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) productions were measured in situ on four occasions from June to September 2004, in the unproductive Lake Diktar-Erik in subarctic Sweden. The stable isotopic signal (δ13C) of respired organic material was estimated from hypolimnion water data and data from a laboratory incubation using epilimnion water.

    2. Both pelagic and benthic habitats were net heterotrophic during the study period, with a total net DIC production of 416 mg C m-2 day-1, of which the pelagic habitat contributed approximately 85%. The net DIC production decreased with depth both in the pelagic water and in the sediments, and most of the net DIC production occurred in the upper water column.

    3. Temporal variations in both pelagic and benthic DIC production were small, although we observed a significant decrease in pelagic net DIC production after the autumn turnover. Water temperature was the single most important factor explaining temporal and vertical variations in pelagic DIC production. No single factor explained more than 10% of the benthic net DIC production, which probably was regulated by several interacting factors.

    4. Pelagic DIC production, and thus most of the whole-lake net production of DIC, was mainly due to the respiration of allochthonous organic carbon. Stable isotope data inferred that nearly 100% of accumulated DIC in the hypolimnion water had an allochthonous carbon source. Similarly, in the laboratory incubation using epilimnion water, c. 85% of accumulated DIC was indicated to have an allochthonous organic carbon source.

  • 9.
    Åberg, Jan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
    Wallin, Marcus B.
    Evaluating a fast headspace method for measuring DIC and subsequent calculation of pCO(2) in freshwater systems2014Ingår i: Inland Waters, ISSN 2044-2041, E-ISSN 2044-205X, Vol. 4, nr 2, s. 157-166Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A variety of different sampling and analysis methods are found in the literature for determining carbon dioxide (CO2) in freshwaters, methods that rarely have been evaluated or compared. Here we present an evaluation of an acidified headspace method (AHS) in which the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is measured from an acidified sample and the partial pressure (pCO(2)) is calculated from DIC using pH and water temperature. We include information on practical sampling, accuracy, and precision of the DIC/pCO(2) determination and a storage test of samples. The pCO(2) determined from the AHS method is compared to that obtained from the more widely used direct headspace method (DHS) in which CO2 is equilibrated between the water and gas phases at ambient pH. The method was tested under both controlled laboratory conditions as well as wintertime field sampling. The accuracy of the DIC detection was on average 99% based on prepared standard solutions. The pCO(2) determination in lab, using the DHS method as a reference, showed no significant difference, although the discrepancy between the methods was larger in samples with <1000 mu atm. The precision of the pCO(2) determination was on average +/- 4.3%, which was slightly better than the DHS method (+/- 6.7%). In the field, the AHS method determined on average 10% higher pCO(2) than the DHS method, which was explained by the extreme winter conditions (below -20 degrees C) at sampling that affected the sampling procedure of the DHS method. Although samples were acidified to pH 2, respiration processes were still occurring (at a low rate), and we recommend that analyses are conducted within 3 days from sampling. The AHS method was found to be a robust method to determine DIC and pCO(2) in acidic to pH-neutral freshwater systems. The simple and quick sampling procedure makes the method suitable for time-limited sampling campaigns and sampling in cold climate.

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