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  • 1.
    Avango, Dag
    et al.
    History of Science, Technology and Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kunnas, Jan
    History of Science, Technology and Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Pettersson, Maria
    Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
    Pettersson, Örjan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History.
    Roberts, Peder
    History of Science, Technology and Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Solbär, Lovisa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History.
    Warde, Paul
    Pembroke College, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Wråkberg, Urban
    Department of Tourism and Northern Studies, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Kirkenes, Kirkenes, Norway.
    Constructing northern Fennoscandia as a mining region2019In: The politics of Arctic resources: change and continuity in the "Old North" of northern Europe / [ed] E. Carina H. Keskitalo, London and New York: Routledge, 2019, p. 78-98Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mineral resources are a considerable basis of wealth of the northern regions of Fennoscandia. However, there are striking differences between how this wealth has been distributed in different countries: in many regions of the world, plentiful natural resources have led to conflicts and impoverishment rather than local development. This chapter aims to explain the historical development of the mining industry in northern Fennoscandia and its changing institutional frameworks from a historical perspective. The main questions are: How was the mining industry in the region established, and why? How did it change over the course of this period, and why? What path dependencies linger on in the present, and how do they influence perceptions of the future? What are the differences and similarities between Sweden, Norway, Finland and northwestern Russia, and why? The chapter will cover an extensive time frame, starting in the 1600s but with a focus on 1880–present and a perspective on the future.

  • 2.
    Carson, Dean B.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University.
    Solbär, Lovisa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History.
    Stjernström, Olof
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History.
    Hot-spots and spaces in-between: Development and settlement in the "Old North"2019In: The politics of Arctic resources: change and continuity in the "Old North" of northern Europe / [ed] E. Carina H. Keskitalo, London: Routledge, 2019, p. 18-37Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chapter 2 discusses the changes in habitation or human geography, contextualizing the idea of a sparsely populated region with in fact great variation, from large coastal cities down to the village level. The chapter illustrates that even villages close to each other and with similar economic or other backgrounds can come to vary vastly, depending on factors that are not accessible within a pure demographic context, and questions the use of a sparsely populated area assumption, which may make areas seem unitary in their development.

  • 3.
    Solbär, Lovisa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Gårdsdriften och arronderingen: den nutida nyodlingens utgångspunkter2017In: Bebyggelsehistorisk tidskrift, ISSN 0349-2834, no 73, p. 47-73Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Solbär, Lovisa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography.
    Too packed for existence? More-than-subjective land-use issues in pockets of local order: the case of land-use conflict in Swedish Lapland2020In: Local Environment: the International Journal of Justice and Sustainability, ISSN 1354-9839, E-ISSN 1469-6711, Vol. 25, no 7, p. 512-526Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Time geography has been applied to study geographical situations characterised by intertwining temporal and spatial aspects. The availability of space for the conduct of land-use activities as temporal-action sequences can be investigated using time geography. The present study utilises time geography to examine how geography matters in the context of a contested mining proposal in Swedish Lapland, namely the case of reindeer herding in Gallok. The time-geographic notion of "packing" that denotes time-space compactness is utilised to investigate the room to manoeuvre available for reindeer herding. The theoretical entry lies in the idea that maximum nearness in human society has to do with the manner in which activities are organised in space and time. This is embraced by the time-geographic concept of the pocket of local order. The article reviews discussion in the literature of the notion of packing and discusses the organisation of reindeer herding as land use in the case studied. The study examines how space and time may matter in detail, as well as how the concept of the pocket of local order can be utilised to assess this and to detect the prevailing degree of packing. It suggests that such dependences represent more-than-subjective preconditions of operational character in land use. The study contributes to understanding of how the successful conduct of the business of land use may depend on the ability to maintain organisational coherence in a temporal-spatial sense.

  • 5.
    Solbär, Lovisa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History.
    Marcianó, Pietro
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History.
    Pettersson, Maria
    Land-use planning and designated national interests in Sweden: arctic perspectives on landscape multifunctionality2019In: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, ISSN 0964-0568, E-ISSN 1360-0559, Vol. 62, no 12, p. 2145-2165Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rural land-use planning should handle land-use interests, such as nature-based tourism, biodiversity preservation and industrial resource extraction, on an appropriate level of scale. Management for multifunctionality represents an option in factually multifunctional landscapes. The Swedish policy of national interests, as applied in the context of the three northernmost municipalities? statutory comprehensive plan-making, provides an attempt in this direction. Based on mapping and practitioner interviews, the study reveals that the vague ?practical? implications of the omnipresent land-use designations under the policy complicate the task of local-level spatial planning. Integrated consideration of multiple uses (or use options), implicated by policy principles, was found to fall back into case-by-case assessments. Land-use designation can be worked into a tool for the governance of multifunctional landscapes when care is taken to manage the aspects outlined in the study, among others interagency orchestration and explicit regulation of co-existence.

  • 6.
    Solbär, Tiina Lovisa
    Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography.
    The belief in mining: How imageries of other mines may brighten Arctic minescapes2021In: Polar Record, ISSN 0032-2474, E-ISSN 1475-3057, Vol. 57, no 1, article id e44Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The article discusses how promising outlooks and favourable memories of past and distant mining ventures are employed in the view of a mine in spe. The study utilises interview quotes and written narratives pertaining to a case of mine development in Swedish Pajala and neighbouring Finnish Kolari (the Northland project 2004-2014), located above the Arctic Circle, for explicating this. Its theoretical framework includes the concept of minescape and the ideas of past presences and anticipated futures, which support capturing (the temporality of) the sociocultural and discursive dimensions of mining alongside with its physicality. Previous and distant experiences with mines appeared readily abstracted and brought into the current debate, forgetting about contexts, that is, about any historical or geographical contingencies. This kind of temporal and spatial referencing is seen to represent an imaginative practice which, as it is argued, gains an enhanced role in tandem with the increasing market dependency and volatility of the extractive business. By attending to the meaning-making based on remembering, and forgetting, in the context of experiences made with mining in the past or elsewhere, the article contributes to our understanding of the present-day role of mining heritage.

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  • 7.
    Solbär, Tiina Lovisa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History, Economic and social geography.
    Keskitalo, E. Carina H.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Economic History.
    A role for authority supervision in impact assessment? Examples from Finnish EIA reviews.2017In: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, ISSN 1891-6252, E-ISSN 2387-4562, Vol. 8, p. 52-72Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    With the boom in mining in Fennoscandia, reconciliation of competing land use interests in governance procedures such as impact assessment has come to the fore. One of the functions that has been applied to varying degrees in national frameworks is supervision of the procedure by a responsible authority. This paper examines review statements issued in the context of mining project assessments in northern Finland, one of the countries implementing authority supervision. The study shows that third-party review may play a role in highlighting the importance of competing land use interest such as reindeer herding. Attention to such interests, however, remains limited by the application of spatial planning in the case and by consent processing, up until the end of the period examined. Among the lessons for impact assessment is the need for methodologies for accommodating anticipatory types of (practice-based and non-scientific) information. Unless these types of sources are considered valid, the possibility of substantializing anticipation and finding solutions along those lines will be missed, with the risk of making things on the ground worse before the need for mitigation measures is comprehended in the face of materializing impacts.

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