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  • 1.
    Ahnlund, Petra
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Lövgren, Veronica
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Kalman, Hildur
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Perceptions of intimacy and integrity in formal home care: [Föreställningar om intimitet och integritet i hemtjänst och personlig assistans]2023In: European Journal of Social Work, ISSN 1369-1457, E-ISSN 1468-2664, Vol. 26, no 5, p. 828-839Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden has a long tradition of providing social care and support to its citizens in their own homes through formal home care, delivered either by home care services or personal assistance. A majority of people given support by formal home care need assistance with personal and intimate care. The focus of this interview study was on exploring care recipients’, care workers’, personal assistants’ and care unit managers’ perceptions and experiences of intimate and personal care in the context of formal home care in Sweden. In total, 57 interviews were conducted with 42 persons. Three themes emerged in the analysis: Personal Hygiene, Personal Sphere, and The Contextual Variability of Intimacy. Interviewees described intimate care as being inseparable from a person’s service needs as a whole. Highlighted was how caring for and washing intimate body parts, intrusion into recipients’ personal spheres, and the need to preserve integrity vary depending on situational, temporal and relational aspects. To safeguard the care recipient’s influence, integrity and dignity in the reception/provision of care work, home care services and personal assistance, it is important to raise awareness of the variation in perceptions of intimate and personal care in education and inhouse training.

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  • 2.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Aging and Dependency – from a passive receiver to an active consumer of welfare services: How to claim the human rights of dignity and respect?2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 3.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Aging and Dependency in Sweden's Welfare Services2013In: An Insatiable Dialectic: Essays in Critique, Modernity, and Humanism / [ed] Roberto Cantú, Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing , 2013, 1, p. 196-215Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    At tilegne sig et nyt sprog2013In: Læring i og af klinisk praksis / [ed] Stinne Glasdam & Steen Hundborg, København: Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck , 2013, 1, p. 89-103Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Care managers as administrators of the needs of the elderly: contradictions and diversity in Swedish eldercare2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 6.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Det gäller att hushålla med kommunens resurser: biståndsbedömares syn på äldres sociala behov2004In: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift, Vol. 11, no 3-4, p. 275-292Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 7.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Det ligger i tiden: Tid för rutiner i omsorgsarbetet?2006In: Tid för utveckling?, Studentlitteratur, Lund , 2006, p. 25-Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Dilemmas and consequences in public elderly care: gender equality and cultural diversity within a changing practice2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Freedom of choice in public eldercare – for whom?: Care worker perspective on the challenges of care work in Sweden2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 10.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS).
    Freedom of choice in Swedish public care of the elderly: a care-worker perspective on the challanges of care and care work2013In: Tracing the women-friendly welfare state: gendered politics of everyday life in Sweden / [ed] Åsa Gunnarsson, Göteborg: Makadam , 2013, 1, p. 170-189Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Individualisering2016In: Förändringsperspektiv på äldreomsorg: att leva som andra / [ed] Stina Johansson & Annika Taghizadeh Larsson, Malmö: Gleerups Utbildning AB, 2016, 1, p. 129-138Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Individualization of needs in Swedish elderly care2016Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 13.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Lokala värdighetsgarantier: att skapa(o)lika villkor i äldreomsorgen?2018In: Äldreomsorger i Sverige: lokala variationer och generella trender / [ed] Håkan Jönson & Marta Szebehely, Malmö: Gleerups Utbildning AB, 2018, 1, p. 59-73Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Myndighetsutövning i äldreomsorgen: att skapa likhet i äldres behov?2007In: Social omsorg i socialt arbete, Gleerups, Malmö , 2007, p. 21-Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 15.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Omsorg under förhandling: - om tid, behov och kön i en föränderlig hemtjänstverksamhet2007Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Swedish welfare state, and public elderly care of today in particular, is under transformation in many respects. Organisational restructuring, such as downsizing and new forms of organisation, mainly influenced by New Public Management, are some of the factors that have affected home care service. The purchaser/provider model is the applied organising model in the investigated municipality in one of the bigger towns in Northern Sweden. These changes, in combination with demographic changes which means an increasing elderly group who receive home care service, and the fact that more men carry out the care work, point towards some important themes such as time, needs and gender.

    The empirical material, consisting mainly of interviews, has been analysed from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. The voices of three groups; the care managers’, the care workers’ and the elderlys’ have been allowed to “inform” each other. The focus has directly and indirectly been on the elderly and the care they do or do not receive. The aim is to describe and analyse the conditions for meetings that take place between the elderly and staff in a home care service in transformation, based on the statements given by the different actors. Twelve women and four men in the group of care workers and six female care managers were interviewed. Four women and two men represented the group of elderly. A perspective on strangership, influenced by Simmel, is introduced to illustrate some of the aspects that cannot be taken for granted in care in a changing public home care service.

    Methodological choices and how these are handled, have been crucial. Important conclusions made are that meetings that take place in the home care service may look very different and can therefore not be viewed in terms of either only one aspect or another, or a combination of both, but rather as in concurrence. Time, needs and gender are subjected to negotiations in the hierarchy of the social services. The problems connected with time and the view of needs, are constantly moving around within and between the groups, but nevertheless remain. Gender is present in home care service in a way that contradicts the officially fixed neutrality of gender. A typical example is when care managers argue that gender is not a relevant factor in the needs assessments, even though this seems to be the case. The public home care service constitutes an arena, where constant negotiations between different groups and on different levels take place. In this divided organisation, negotiations concerning time, needs and gender are continuously in progress.

    Keywords: Care, elderly care meetings, elderly, care managers, care workers, public home care service, home care service in transformation, time, needs, gender, strangership, negotiations

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  • 16.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Organizing time in care work2007Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 17.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Paradoxes of gender in elderly care: the case of men as care workers in Sweden2012In: NORA: Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, ISSN 0803-8740, E-ISSN 1502-394X, Vol. 30, no 3, p. 166-181Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Swedish public system of elderly care is highly relevant for studying gender relations, specifically when male care workers are more frequently seen within this female-coded field of practice. In this article, qualitative interviews with male and female care workers, elderly women and men, and care managers are analysed to discover how they talk about care work and how gender is expressed, both implicitly and explicitly, in the materialization of care. By illuminating the dynamics of how gender is constructed and negotiated in the intersection of the different actors' perspectives, the paradoxes of gender appeared. The care workers' moral responsibility seemed to undermine equality between male and female care workers, and the elderly clients' gendered expectations and representations created inequality in care work. Furthermore, the gender-neutral assessments made by the care managers came to favour elderly men. Thus, the results suggest the importance of capturing the different perspectives in society's institutions, such as elderly care, in order to understand the complexities of gendered processes.

  • 18.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Paradoxes of gender in elderly care: The case of men as care workers in Sweden2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Personlig hygiejne som en intim situation2016In: Det nære sundhedsvæsen: perspektiver på samfundsudvikling og møder mellem mennsker / [ed] Stinne Glasdam & Jette Westenholz Jørgensen, Københamn: Munksgaard Forlag, 2016, 1, p. 115-122Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 20.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Politics of managerialism in eldercare – individual needs are subordinated structural guidelines2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Priorities for quality of care and user-centred care – implications for formal and informal care workers2019Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Riktlinjer för biståndshandläggning: mellan individuella behov och standardiserade insatser2023In: Socialt arbete i äldreomsorg: professionell handläggning i teori och praktik / [ed] Magdalena Elmersjö; Sara Hultqvist; Stina Johansson, Malmö: Gleerups Utbildning AB, 2023, 1, p. 37-53Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 23.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS).
    Röster från hemtjänsten2010In: Omsorg och mångfald / [ed] Stina Johansson, Malmö: Gleerups , 2010, p. 164-178Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    The neglect of time as an aspect of organising care work2008In: Care work in crisis: Reclaiming the Nordic ethos of care, Lund: Studentlitteratur , 2008, p. 342-374Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 25.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS).
    Valfrihet och mångfald: ett dilemma för hemtjänsten2010In: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift, ISSN 1104-1420, Vol. 17, no 3-4, p. 308-325Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 26.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Äldreomsorg och kön2007In: Social omsorg i socialt arbete, Gleerups, Malmö , 2007, p. 18-Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 27.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Ahnlund, Petra
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Urvalets betydelse för kvalitativa intervjuer2021In: Att forska i socialt arbete: utmaningar, förhållningssätt och metoder / [ed] Petra Ahnlund, Lennart Sauer, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2021, 2, p. 199-212Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 28.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Ahnlund, Petra
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Urvalets betydelse för kvalitativa studier i teori och praktik2009In: Att forska i socialt arbete: utmaningar, förhållningssätt och metoder / [ed] Lena Dahlgren, Lennart Sauer, 2009, 1Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Blom, Björn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Moren, Stefan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Sauer, Lennart
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Teorigenerering och kvalitativ analys i NUD*IST: Forskare i socialt arbete beskriver och reflekterar2004Report (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Welfare.
    Blom, BjörnUmeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Welfare.Morén, StefanUmeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Welfare.Sauer, LennartUmeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Welfare.
    Teorigenerering och kvalitativ analys i NUD*IST.: Forskare i socialt arbete beskriver och reflekterar2004Collection (editor) (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Hanberger, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    Nygren, Lennart
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Between control and quality improvement: Experiences of and reactions to state inspection in Swedish eldercare practice2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Hanberger, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    Nygren, Lennart
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Governance, Accountability, and Organizational Development: Eldercare Unit Managers' and Local Politicians' Experiences of and Responses to State Supervision of Swedish Eldercare2018In: Journal of Aging & Social Policy, ISSN 0895-9420, E-ISSN 1545-0821, Vol. 30, no 5, p. 419-439Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article explores how local politicians and care unit managers in Swedish eldercare experience and respond to state supervision. Twelve politicians and 12 managers in 15 previously inspected municipalities were interviewed about their experiences of and reactions to state supervision (SSV) in relation to their views of care quality and routines in eldercare practice. The findings indicate that local managers and political chairs perceived SSV in eldercare positively at a superficial level, but were critical of and disappointed with specific aspects of it: in terms of a) governance—chairs and managers said SSV strengthened implementation of national policies via local actors, but were critical of SSV’s narrow focus on control and flaws in eldercare practice; b) accountability—SSV was seen as limited to accountability for finances and systemic performance; and c) organizational development—SSV was seen as limited to improving routines and compliance with legislation, while local definitions of quality are broader than that. In general, local actors regarded SSV as improving administrative aspects and routines in practice but ignoring the relational content of eldercare quality.

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  • 33.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Hanberger, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    Nygren, Lennart
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Statlig tillsyn2019In: Perspektiv på granskning inom offentlig sektor: med äldreomsorgen som exempel / [ed] Anders Hanberger & Lena Lindgren, Malmö: Gleerups Utbildning AB, 2019, p. 55-70Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 34.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Högström, Ebba
    Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Architecture, Design and the Arts (UmArts). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå School of Architecture.
    Nord, Catharina
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Sjölund, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Movilla Vega, Daniel
    Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Architecture, Design and the Arts (UmArts). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå School of Architecture.
    Nyberg, Amanda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Rasaili, Tirtha
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    collaborative complexity in developing caring living arrangements for ageing people2024In: Ageing in a transforming world, 2024Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Swedish Social Services Act (SFS 2001:453) stipulates since 1982 that the municipal Social Committee should become well acquainted with the living conditions in the municipality. They should also participate in urban planning, and in cooperation with other public bodies, organizations, associations and individuals promote good living environments in the municipality. The development, planning and design of good living environments for older people is an endeavour of great complexity that demands collaboration between many actors. Housing and care for older people is an important area in which social servicesand urban planning could benefit from collaboration. Planning for older people has recently been indicated as urgent and necessary, especially in the light of changed demography in which the proportion of older people is increasing. A built environment that accommodates older people’s everyday needs embraces issues such as age-friendliness, care, socio-spatial inequality, inclusion, and innovation. This research program, CollAge, investigates cross-sectoral collaboration in Swedish municipalities between social eldercare, urban planning and Senior Citizens’ Councils as regards housing and care. With diverse qualitative methodologies the multidisciplinary team of scholars in social work, architecture and urban planning  explore how eldercare interventions and services are managed and understood in municipal urban planning and development, and how older people’s preferences can contribute to improved quality of care in social services and housing provision.  The ultimate aim of the programme is to develop a methodological tool – CollAge – to support, facilitate and structure collaboration between the three actors.

  • 35.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Johansson, Stina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Assessing individual needs in Swedish elderly home care services: care managers’ argumentation in relation to the needs of migrant customers2021In: Nordic Social Work Research, ISSN 2156-857X, E-ISSN 2156-8588, Vol. 11, no 4, p. 293-305Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the article is to analyse and problematize care managers’ argumentation of individual needs when assessing migrant customers within Swedish public elderly home care services. According to legislation, need for assistance should always be assessed individually. In recent decades of service decline, standardization of needs has been part of the distribution of elderly care services. Simultaneously, the stratum of older people has become more diverse, which means that a wider spectrum of needs is presented to the care managers. Ten interviews with care managers were analysed with a focus on their arguments regarding the care needs of elderly people with migrant backgrounds seeking assistance. The theoretical conceptions of the two perspectives of care and services were used to analyse the understanding of care managers’ arguments. Our analysis shows that the service perspective with assistance and support that are standardized for Swedes is poorly suited to people born outside Sweden and socialized into other expectations of family and society. The meaning of individual needs was imprecise and contradictory when confronted with diverse cultural codes. When general standards were used in the arguments by referring to regulations and local guidelines, immigrants’ individual needs were not prioritized. Our analysis suggests that the tension between national standards, local guidelines and individual needs has to be discussed further, where theoretical tools related to care and services may be useful in guiding care managers’ professional arguments of individual needs and cultural sensitivity in the needs assessment.

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  • 36.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Johansson, Stina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Biståndshandläggning och mötet med det främmande2017In: Social omsorg i socialt arbete: grunder och fördjupningar / [ed] Stina Johansson, Malmö: Gleerups Utbildning AB, 2017, 1, p. 75-88Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 37.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS).
    Johansson, Stina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Valfrihet som dilemma2010In: Omsorg och mångfald / [ed] Stina Johansson, Malmö: Gleerups , 2010, p. 116-131Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 38.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Johansson, Stina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Feltenius, David
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Political Science.
    The norm of equality in Swedish public elderly care: Care managers’ accounts on equal needs of the elderly2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS).
    Kalman, Hildur
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS).
    Methodological challenges in the implementation and evaluation of social welfare policies2012In: International Journal of Social Research Methodology, ISSN 1364-5579, E-ISSN 1464-5300, Vol. 15, no 1, p. 69-80Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As social reality is quite elusive, even regarding seemingly well-recognized everyday concepts and objects, there are always methodological challenges underlying assessments and evaluations of implementation policies. The present article addresses this area of concern by presenting the results of a rereading of an empirical study of elderly home care services. Our results reveal the emergence of a dissolution of common and professional key concepts and objects in these welfare services to a degree that challenges both the implementation policy and the evaluation of policy. We claim that this has methodological implications for evaluation of implementation policies in general.

  • 40.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Kalman, Hildur
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Strategies to handle the challenges of intimacy in nighttime home care services2017In: European Journal of Social Work, ISSN 1369-1457, E-ISSN 1468-2664, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 219-230Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The provision of intimate and personal care constitutes a challenge for both careworkers and care recipients and is still a neglected area of research. An observational study of the interaction between the careworkers and care recipients in night-time home care services was conducted in a large municipality in Sweden. The results were analysed in light of previous research and theorising on strategies for handling intimacy in intimate care. The study highlights what appears to be a tension between the ways in which the recipient of care is conceptualised as an active consumer of care in present-day guidelines and the strategies chosen on the part of both caregivers and care recipients, when intimacy and integrity is most at stake, and framed as it is by the care recipients' situation of dependency and vulnerability. Home care services night-time was shown to be a case that markedly differs from many other settings of intimate care, but in the interactional routines intimate care came forth as a smooth and minimally obtrusive activity. The careworkers and care recipients engaged in strategies such as disattention, eye-discipline, middle-distance orientation, and objectification, thereby serving the purpose of balancing the transgressions of thresholds of intimacy.

  • 41.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Kvist, Elin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    The neoliberal turn and the marketization of care: the transformation of eldercare in Sweden2015In: The European Journal of Women's Studies, ISSN 1350-5068, E-ISSN 1461-7420, Vol. 22, no 3, p. 274-287Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The care for older and disabled people has been described as a core area of the Nordic model. The Nordic countries’ welfare model has also been described as women friendly, as women are not forced to make harder choices than men between work and family. The Swedish eldercare system has, during the last several decades, undergone significant changes. Previously, eldercare could be described as universal, meaning a publicly provided, comprehensive, high-quality service available to all citizens according to need and not based on the ability to pay. In later years transformation of eldercare has been influenced by neoliberal politics, which emphasize economic efficiency and cost reduction through competition. Eldercare has become a more diverse multidimensional system, and a private market for home-based eldercare has been created. The numbers of eldercare providers have increased considerably, and new ways of organizing eldercare have been established. In January 2009, the Act on System of Choice in the Public Sector was introduced (in Swedish: Lagen om valfrihetssystem [LOV]). The Act was supposed to provide an opportunity for interested municipalities and county councils to expose their publicly provided services to market competition, and to enable users to choose their providers. This article aims to illustrate how neoliberal reasoning dominated the policy process leading to adoption of the Act on System of Choice in the Public Sector. With the use of a discursive policy analysis the authors specifically explore how neoliberal logic dominated, and also how choice and equality were understood and interpreted in the policy process. They conclude that the neoliberal turn in eldercare claiming to centre on the individual choice of persons in need of care runs the risk of creating unequal care that decentres the eldercare worker and creates precarious work situations.

  • 42.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Lövgren, Veronica
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Ahnlund, Petra
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Kalman, Hildur
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Empathetic attuning: 'How would i feel if i had to expose myself all the time?'—strategies for managing personal and intimate care in swedish formal home care2023In: British Journal of Social Work, ISSN 0045-3102, E-ISSN 1468-263X, Vol. 53, no 2, p. 921-938Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden, as a welfare state, has a long tradition of providing formal home care and support to their citizens in their own homes, either through home care services or personal assistance. A large percentage of frail elderly and persons with disability who receive formal home care require personal and intimate care, such as help with eating, showering, getting dressed and personal hygiene. Managing intimacy and safeguarding the care recipient’s integrity pose particular challenges for staff. The aim of this qualitative interview study is to describe and analyse care workers’ (CWs) and personal assistants’ (PAs) strategies for managing situations and challenges related to provision of personal and intimate care in the context of formal home care. Semi-structured interviews with eleven CWs and nine PAs were conducted. Our analysis reveals a complex repertoire of relational and communicative strategies, within an overall approach - which we labelled 'empathetic attuning'—of relating to the current situation and task at hand whilst safeguarding integrity. These strategies were intertwined with dimensions of time. The possibility to accomplish satisfactory personal and intimate care rests on structural and organisational conditions that promote sustainable working conditions, where relations characterised by continuity, integrity and respect can be realised.

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  • 43.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Sjölund, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work. Högskolan i Gävle.
    Challenges in Elderly Night-Time Care: Dignity 24 Hours a Day in Swedish Elderly Home Care Services?2017In: Innovation in Aging, E-ISSN 2399-5300, Vol. 1, no Suppl 1, p. 302-302Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The research study explores a large knowledge gap within Swedish elderly care – namely the challenges of within home care services at night. Despite that home care services is the most common support given to the elderly in Sweden. The few National and International studies that exist on night-time care, have focused on residential care facilities for the elderly. Therefore, focus here is on night-time care in their own homes, given by the night patrol – which we know very little about.

    In the last decades, organizational transformation has taken place within elderly care towards increased rationalization and marketization. Along with demographical changes, this raises questions of dignified care, equal social rights and access to care. As the elderly are living longer and living in their own homes with severe disability and vulnerability, the pressure on home care services will increase – including at night. Dignity in care has been legislated in the Swedish Social Services Act, but is vaguely implemented, specifically at night.

    Discussed are results of an interview survey with managers responsible for night-time home care services in 50 Swedish municipalities. How night-time care is organized varies depending on local governance, location and size of municipalities. This indicates challenges for equal access to care, depending on where you live. Care workers experience time pressure at night with many fragile elderly in need of care. How efforts to secure dignity and safety for older people varies over night is therefore important to reveal, not the least from a social equality perspective.

  • 44.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Sjölund, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Challenges in Swedish elderly home care services at night-time2022In: ESA, 6th midterm conference of the research network on ageing in Europe (RN01) of the european sociological association. Ageing in europé: towards more inclusive societies, research and policy, Vienna: Universität Wien, European Sociological Association, European centre for social welfare policy and research , 2022, p. 44-44Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Up to date, we know little about how home care services is organized and performed at nighttime. There are no official statistics of night time care or the number of older people havingassistance at night. This paper aims to report from a survey with operation managers and theiraccounts of organization and provision of care at night.The material consisted of a sample of 37 of Sweden’s 290 municipalities, covering for urbanas well as rural areas, smaller and larger municipalities as well as bigger cities. Individualtelephone interviews were conducted with 41 operation managers responsible for night timecare. Standardised and open ended questions were raised to capture strategies of night timehome care organization and provision. The material was analysed quantitatively andqualitatively.The results revealed similarities as well as differences in organization where smallermunicipalities often had to find special solutions. The care workers had to manage emergencyalarm from the older persons as well as scheduled care work at night. The care work includeda lot of car driving and insecurity at night, such as bad weather and violence in the streets.Safety and dignity were raised by the managers as important values in provision of care, bothfor the elderly and staff.There were several challenges in demographic development and local politics, but also inrecruitment problems and staff’s working conditions. To organize for ageing in place, homecare needs to be user friendly for vulnerable persons, also at night time.

  • 45.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Sjölund, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Dignity at night in swedish elderly home care services: perspectives and challenges2018Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 46.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Sjölund, Maria
    Avdelningen för socialt arbete och kriminologi, Högskolan i Gävle.
    Kartläggning av nattlig omsorg inom hemtjänst: Organisering, arbetssituation och målbeskrivningar2021Report (Other academic)
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  • 47.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Sjölund, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work. Department of Social Work, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
    Nighttime home care in Sweden: "a constant struggle to manage unforeseen events": operations managers' perceptions of organization and provision of care for older people2023In: Health & Social Care in the Community, ISSN 0966-0410, E-ISSN 1365-2524, Vol. 2023, article id 4101574Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article aims to explore how community home care of older people is provided and organized at night. In times of welfare decline, organizational changes, and an increasing aged population, questions arise about home care and support for older people. In Sweden as in many other western countries 'ageing in place' is a guiding principle in care provision for older people, which put increasing pressure on home care services. Still, night-time care represents a research gap within health and social care research, nationally and internationally. This telephone interview survey examines 41 operations managers' perceptions of organization and care provision and how they account for the goals and work of home care at night-time in a selection of 37 Swedish municipalities. The analysis was inspired by thematic content analysis where three central themes were categorized: organizational context of night-time care, working conditions, and challenges of night-time care. Our results reveal that organizational context varied depending on the demography and size of the municipality. The work situation was characterizeded by constantly unforeseen events to manage. Multiple challenges were identified on societal and political levels, as were limited resources and recruitment problems. In conclusion, our analysis has identified unpredictability as a core feature of night-time care work. The complexity of the provision of night-time care was not recognized as important for the municipal organization. To provide high quality care at night in ordinary housing, there is a need to both focus on organizational aspects and to have sufficient resources and time. 

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  • 48.
    Andersson, Katarina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Sjölund, Maria
    Department of social work and criminology, University of Gävle, Sweden.
    Swedish eldercare within home care services at night-time: perceptions and expressions of 'good care' from the perspective of care workers and care unit managers2022In: Nordic Social Work Research, ISSN 2156-857X, E-ISSN 2156-8588, Vol. 12, no 5, p. 640-653Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article aims to explore and analyse how good and dignified care is perceived and expressed at night-time within elder home care services, in which night-time care represents a knowledge gap. Dignity has become a legislated value in Swedish eldercare, aiming to increase the quality of care and to clarify the ethical values of everyday care practice. The data presented here come from a qualitative case study with in-depth interviews with six care unit managers and 14 care workers in four municipalities. The analysis of the interviewees’ perceptions and expressions of good care were informed by Nodding’s concepts: responsiveness, receptivity, and relatedness. The results showed that there was a relative unawareness of the new goals of the dignity policy and there was no specific guidance regarding dignity during night-time care. The care unit managers’ perspective was mainly administrative and related to the policy level and the staff’s ability to care. The care workers’ view of good and dignified care included aspects of ideal characteristics and user-centredness with a focus on older people’s individual needs. However, good care was conditioned by time. The dignity policy, as described in national documents, was perceived by the interviewees as vague and with unreachable goals constructed on the structural level. In social care practice, however, expressions of good and dignified care were already found in care ethics, regardless of the dignity policy. By bringing relationality to the dignity discourse on the structural policy level, recognition of care may be emphasized.

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  • 49.
    Blom, Björn
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Bergmark, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Sundberg, Leif
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Zimic, Sheila
    Kommunförbundet Västernorrland, Sverige.
    Digitaliseringen väcker frågor2024In: Äldre i centrum, ISSN 1653-3585, no 3, p. 48-51Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Samhället sätter stora förhoppningar till att digitaliseringen ska utveckla hemtjänsten, men kunskap saknas om konsekvenserna för brukare, omsorgspersonal och chefer. Det finns många frågor att besvara. 

  • 50.
    Hanberger, Anders
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    Nygren, Lennart
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Andersson, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Can state supervision improve eldercare? An analysis of the assumptions of the Swedish supervision model2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Can state supervision improve eldercare? An analysis of the assumptions of the Swedish supervision model

    Background: Lately the supervision of Swedish eldercare has been reinforced to ensure better compliance with laws and regulations. Policy-makers express high expectation that this reform will improve quality in eldercare, and ensure older citizens a good and equal distribution of eldercare.

    Purpose: The aim of this paper is to unfold the underlying assumptions of how the supervision model (inspectorate) is intended to work to ensure and improve quality in Swedish eldercare, and to probe the validity of the assumptions.

    Method: A program theory analysis is carried out to describe how state supervision is assumed to work to achieve intended effects. These assumptions are referred to as the supervision’s program theory. A policy scientific method is applied to reconstruct the program theory. Once the program theory is described its consistence is analyzed and the validity is assessed against supervision theory and caring theory.

    Results: The assumption that the supervised will improve compliance with laws and regulations has some validity but confined to aspects of eldercare being supervised. The theories we used provide no support that supervision is an effective tool for improving quality in eldercare.

    Conclusions: Reinforced supervision cannot be justified with reference to supervision being an effective tool or mechanism to enhance quality in eldercare. However, some kind of supervision is necessary for transparency and holding local governments, and public and private service providers to account for compliance with the statues. Supervision also reinforce the national objectives and standards that should guide social service committees and eldercare service providers.

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