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  • 1.
    Achour, Cyrinne
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Bhattarai, Devi Prasad
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Esteva-Socias, Margalida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Rodriguez-Barrueco, Ruth
    Malla, Sandhya
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Seier, Kerstin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Marchand, Virginie
    Motorine, Yuri
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences.
    Gilthorpe, Jonathan D.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Marzese, Diego Matias
    Bally, Marta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Roman, Angel-Carlos
    Pich, Andreas
    Aguilo, Francesca
    Reshaping the role of METTL3 in breast tumorigenesisManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Adhikari, Deepak
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Flohr, Gilian
    Hogeschool Leiden, Zernikedreef 11,2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands.
    Gorre, Nagaraju
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Shen, Yan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Yang, Hairu
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Lan, Zijian
    University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
    Liu, Kui
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Disruption of Tsc2 in oocytes leads to overactivation of the entire pool of primordial follicles2009In: Molecular human reproduction, ISSN 1360-9947, E-ISSN 1460-2407, Vol. 15, no 12, p. 765-770Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To maintain the length of reproductive life in a woman, it is essential that most of her ovarian primordial follicles are maintained in a quiescent state to provide a continuous supply of oocytes. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control the quiescence and activation of primordial follicles is still in its infancy. In this study, we provide some genetic evidence to show that the tumor suppressor tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (Tsc2), which negatively regulates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), functions in oocytes to maintain the dormancy of primordial follicles. In mutant mice lacking the Tsc2 gene in oocytes, the pool of primordial follicles is activated prematurely due to elevated mTORC1 activity in oocytes. This results in depletion of follicles in early adulthood, causing premature ovarian failure (POF). Our results suggest that the Tsc1-Tsc2 complex mediated suppression of mTORC1 activity is indispensable for maintenance of the dormancy of primordial follicles, thus preserving the follicular pool, and that mTORC1 activity in oocytes promotes follicular activation. Our results also indicate that deregulation of Tsc/mTOR signaling in oocytes may cause pathological conditions of the ovary such as infertility and POF.

  • 3. Allen, Naomi E
    et al.
    Key, Timothy J
    Dossus, Laure
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Cust, Anne
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Peeters, Petra H
    Onland-Moret, N Charlotte
    Lahmann, Petra H
    Berrino, Franco
    Panico, Salvatore
    Larrañaga, Nerea
    Pera, Guillem
    Tormo, Maria-José
    Sánchez, Maria-José
    Ramón Quirós, J
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Chang-Claude, Jenny
    Linseisen, Jakob
    Schulz, Mandy
    Boeing, Heiner
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Palli, Domenico
    Overvad, Kim
    Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Bingham, Sheila
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, H
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Trichopoulos, Dimitiros
    Naska, Androniki
    Tumino, Rosario
    Riboli, Elio
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Endogenous sex hormones and endometrial cancer risk in women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).2008In: Endocrine-Related Cancer, ISSN 1351-0088, E-ISSN 1479-6821, Vol. 15, no 2, p. 485-497Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Epidemiological data show that reproductive and hormonal factors are involved in the etiology of endometrial cancer, but there is little data on the association with endogenous sex hormone levels. We analyzed the association between prediagnostic serum concentrations of sex steroids and endometrial cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition using a nested case-control design of 247 incident endometrial cancer cases and 481 controls, matched on center, menopausal status, age, variables relating to blood collection, and, for premenopausal women, phase of menstrual cycle. Using conditional regression analysis, endometrial cancer risk among postmenopausal women was positively associated with increasing levels of total testosterone, free testosterone, estrone, total estradiol, and free estradiol. The odds ratios (ORs) for the highest versus lowest tertile were 2.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-4.72; P=0.002 for a continuous linear trend) for estrone, 2.07 (95% CI 1.20-3.60; P=0.001) for estradiol, and 1.66 (95% CI 0.98-2.82; P=0.001) for free estradiol. For total and free testosterone, ORs for the highest versus lowest tertile were 1.44 (95% CI 0.88-2.36; P=0.05) and 2.05 (95% CI 1.23-3.42; P=0.005) respectively. Androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were not associated with risk. Sex hormone-binding globulin was significantly inversely associated with risk (OR for the highest versus lowest tertile was 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.95; P=0.004). In premenopausal women, serum sex hormone concentrations were not clearly associated with endometrial cancer risk, but numbers were too small to draw firm conclusions. In conclusion, relatively high blood concentrations of estrogens and free testosterone are associated with an increased endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women.

  • 4. Al-Zoughool, Mustafa
    et al.
    Dossus, Laure
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Overvad, Kim
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Gauthier, Estelle
    Linseisen, Jakob
    Chang-Claude, Jenny
    Boeing, Heiner
    Schulz, Mandy
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Chryssa, Travezea
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Berrino, Franco
    Palli, Domenico
    Mattiello, Amalia
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Boshuizen, Hendriek C
    Peeters, Petra H M
    Gram, Inger T
    Braaten, Tonje
    Lund, Eiliv
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Agudo, Antonio
    Larrañaga, Nerea
    Quirós, Jose Ramon
    Berglund, Göran
    Manjer, Jonas
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology. Patologi.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Bingham, Sheila
    Allen, Naomi
    Key, Tim
    Jenab, Mazda
    Cust, Anne E
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Riboli, Elio
    Risk of endometrial cancer in relationship to cigarette smoking: Results from the EPIC study.2007In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 121, no 12, p. 2741-7Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 5.
    Andersson, Charlotta
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Oji, Yusuke
    Ohlson, Nina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Wang, Sihan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Li, Xingru
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Ottander, Ulrika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Sugiyama, Haruo
    Li, Aihong
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Prognostic significance of specific anti-WT1 IgG antibody level in plasma in patients with ovarian carcinoma2014In: Cancer Medicine, E-ISSN 2045-7634, Vol. 3, no 4, p. 909-918Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ovarian carcinoma (OC) has a poor prognosis and lack early effective screening markers. Wilm's tumor gene 1 (WT1) is overexpressed in OCs. Therefore, it is of great interest to investigate whether WT1-specific antibody (Ab) measurements in plasma can serve as a biomarker of anti-OC response, and is of importance in relation to patient prognosis. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from a total of 103 women with ovarian tumors with median being 1 day (range 0-48 days) before operation. WT1 IgG Ab levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemical analysis of WT1 protein expression was performed on OC tissue samples. We found that low-WT1 Ab level in plasma was related to improved survival in patients diagnosed at stages III-IV and grade 3 carcinomas. Positive WT1 protein staining on OC tissue samples had a negative impact on survival in the entire cohort, both overall survival (OS) (P = 0.046) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.006), but not in the serous OC subtype. Combining WT1 IgG Ab levels and WT1 staining, patients with high-WT1 IgG Ab levels in plasma and positive WT1 protein staining in cancer tissues had shorter survival, with a significant association in PFS (P = 0.016). These results indicated that WT1 Ab measurements in plasma and WT1 staining in tissue specimens could be useful as biomarkers for patient outcome in the high-risk subtypes of OCs for postoperative individualized therapy.

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  • 6. Arab, Khelifa
    et al.
    Park, Yoon Jung
    Lindroth, Anders M.
    Schaefer, Andrea
    Oakes, Christopher
    Weichenhan, Dieter
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Risch, Angela
    Meister, Michael
    Dienemann, Hendrik
    Dyckhoff, Gerhard
    Herold-Mende, Christel
    Grummt, Ingrid
    Niehrs, Christof
    Plass, Christoph
    Long Noncoding RNA TARID Directs Demethylation and Activation of the Tumor Suppressor TCF21 via GADD45A2014In: Molecular Cell, ISSN 1097-2765, E-ISSN 1097-4164, Vol. 55, no 4, p. 604-614Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    DNA methylation is a dynamic and reversible process that governs gene expression during development and disease. Several examples of active DNA demethylation have been documented, involving genome-wide and gene-specific DNA demethylation. How demethylating enzymes are targeted to specific genomic loci remains largely unknown. We show that an antisense lncRNA, termed TARID (for TCF21 antisense RNA inducing demethylation), activates TCF21 expression by inducing promoter demethylation. TARID interacts with both the TCF21 promoter and GADD45A (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha), a regulator of DNA demethylation. GADD45A in turn recruits thymine-DNA glycosylase for base excision repair-mediated demethylation involving oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in the TCF21 promoter by ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase proteins. The results reveal a function of lncRNAs, serving as a genomic address label for GADD45A-mediated demethylation of specific target genes.

  • 7.
    Arslan, Alan A
    et al.
    Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine.
    Clendenen, Tess V
    Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine.
    Koenig, Karen L
    Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine.
    Hultdin, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Enquist, Kerstin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Ågren, Åsa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
    Sjodin, Hubert
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine.
    Shore, Roy E
    Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Toniolo, Paolo
    Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Circulating vitamin d and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer2009In: Journal of oncology, ISSN 1687-8450, Vol. 2009, p. 672492-672500Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We conducted a nested case-control study within two prospective cohorts, the New York University Women's Health Study and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study, to examine the association between prediagnostic circulating levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and the risk of subsequent invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The 25(OH)D levels were measured in serum or plasma from 170 incident cases of EOC and 373 matched controls. Overall, circulating 25(OH)D levels were not associated with the risk of EOC in combined cohort analysis: adjusted OR for the top tertile versus the reference tertile, 1.09 (95% CI, 0.59-2.01). In addition, there was no evidence of an interaction effect between VDR SNP genotype or haplotype and circulating 25(OH)D levels in relation to ovarian cancer risk, although more complex gene-environment interactions may exist.

  • 8. Arslan, Alan A.
    et al.
    Koenig, Karen L.
    Lenner, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Afanasyeva, Yelena
    Shore, Roy E.
    Chen, Yu
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences.
    Toniolo, Paolo
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Circulating Estrogen Metabolites and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women2014In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, ISSN 1055-9965, E-ISSN 1538-7755, Vol. 23, no 7, p. 1290-1297Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: It has been hypothesized that predominance of the 2-hydroxylation estrogen metabolism pathway over the 16 alpha-hydroxylation pathway may be inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Methods: We examined the associations of invasive breast cancer risk with circulating 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone (16 alpha-OHE1), and the 2-OHE1: 16 alpha-OHE1 ratio in a case-control study of postmenopausal women nested within two prospective cohorts: the New York University Women's Health Study (NYUWHS) and the Northern Sweden Mammary Screening Cohort (NSMSC), with adjustment for circulating levels of estrone, and additional analyses by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status. Levels of 2-OHE1 and 16 alpha-OHE1 were measured using ESTRAMET 2/16 assay in stored serum or plasma samples from 499 incident breast cancer cases and 499 controls, who were matched on cohort, age, and date of blood donation. Results: Overall, no significant associations were observed between breast cancer risk and circulating levels of 2-OHE1, 16 alpha-OHE1, or their ratio in either cohort and in combined analyses. For 2-OHE1, there was evidence of heterogeneity by ER status in models adjusting for estrone (P <= 0.03). We observed a protective association of 2-OHE1 with ER + breast cancer [multivariate-adjusted OR for a doubling of 2-OHE1, 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.94; P = 0.02)]. Conclusions: In this study, higher levels of 2-OHE1 were associated with reduced risk of ER + breast cancer in postmenopausal women after adjustment for circulating estrone. Impact: These results suggest that taking into account the levels of parent estrogens and ER status is important in studies of estrogen metabolites and breast cancer.

  • 9. Arslan, Alan A
    et al.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Micheli, Andrea
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Afanasyeva, Yelena
    Lenner, Per
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Muti, Paola
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Berrino, Franco
    Hallmans, Göran
    Toniolo, Paolo
    Serum follicle-stimulating hormone and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women.2003In: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers and prevention, ISSN 1055-9965, Vol. 12, no 12, p. 1531-5Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 10. Besevic, Jelena
    et al.
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Fortner, Renee T.
    Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte
    Dossus, Laure
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Hansen, Louise
    Overvad, Kim
    Mesrine, Sylvie
    Baglietto, Laura
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Aleksandrova, Krasimira
    Boeing, Heiner
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Bamia, Christina
    Masala, Giovanna
    Agnoli, Claudia
    Tumino, Rosario
    Ricceri, Fulvio
    Panico, Salvatore
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. (as)
    Peeters, Petra H.
    Jareid, Mie
    Ramon Quiros, J.
    Duell, Eric J.
    Sanchez, Maria-Jose
    Larranaga, Nerea
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Dias, Joana A.
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Wareham, Nicholas J.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Travis, Ruth C.
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Riboli, Elio
    Merritt, Melissa A.
    Reproductive factors and epithelial ovarian cancer survival in the EPIC cohort study2015In: British Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0007-0920, E-ISSN 1532-1827, Vol. 113, no 11, p. 1622-1631Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Reproductive factors influence the risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but little is known about their association with survival. We tested whether prediagnostic reproductive factors influenced EOC-specific survival among 1025 invasive EOC cases identified in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, which included 521 330 total participants (approximately 370 000 women) aged 25-70 years at recruitment from 1992 to 2000. Methods: Information on reproductive characteristics was collected at recruitment. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and multivariable models were adjusted for age and year of diagnosis, body mass index, tumour stage, smoking status and stratified by study centre. Results: After a mean follow-up of 3.6 years (+/- 3.2 s.d.) following EOC diagnosis, 511 (49.9%) of the 1025 women died from EOC. We observed a suggestive survival advantage in menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) users (ever vs never use, HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.62-1.03) and a significant survival benefit in long-term MHT users (>= 5 years use vs never use, HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.50-0.99, P-trend = 0.04). We observed similar results for MHT use when restricting to serous cases. Other reproductive factors, including parity, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use and age at menarche or menopause, were not associated with EOC-specific mortality risk. Conclusions: Further studies are warranted to investigate the possible improvement in EOC survival in MHT users.

  • 11.
    Björk, Emma
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Örnsköldsvik Hospital, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden.
    Vinnars, Marie-Therese
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Örnsköldsvik Hospital, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden.
    Nagaev, Ivan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Nagaeva, Olga
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Ottander, Ulrika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Enhanced local and systemic inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in women with endometriosis evokes compensatory adaptive regulatory mRNA response that mediates immune suppression and impairs cytotoxicity2020In: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, ISSN 1046-7408, E-ISSN 1600-0897, Vol. 84, no 4, article id e13298Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Problem: Endometriosis is a disease characterized by ectopic implantation of endometrium and impaired immune responses. To explore its pathogenic mechanisms, we studied the local and systemic cytokine mRNA profiles and their role in the immunity of patients with endometriosis and healthy controls.

    Method of Study: mRNA for eleven cytokines defining cytotoxic Th1, humoral Th2, regulatory Tr1/Th3, and inflammatory cytokine profiles was characterized locally in endometriotic tissue and endometrium, and systemically in PBMCs from women with endometriosis and healthy controls, using real‐time qRT‐PCR. In addition, immunohistochemical stainings with monoclonal antibodies were performed looking for T regulatory cells in endometriotic lesions.

    Results: We found a downregulation of mRNA for cytokines mediating cytotoxicity and antibody response and an upregulation of inflammatory and T‐regulatory cytokines in the endometriotic tissues and endometrium from the patients with endometriosis, suggesting enhanced local inflammation and priming of an adaptive regulatory response. Consistent with those findings, there was an abundancy of T regulatory cells in the endometriotic lesions.

    Conclusions: The ectopic implantation seen in endometriosis could be possible as a consequence of increased inflammation and priming of adaptive T regulatory cells, resulting in impaired cytotoxicity and enhanced immune suppression.

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  • 12. Braem, Marieke G. M.
    et al.
    Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte
    Schouten, Leo J.
    Kruitwagen, Roy F. P. M.
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Allen, Naomi E.
    Wark, Petra A.
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Hansen, Louise
    Brauner, Christina Marie
    Overvad, Kim
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Chabbert-Buffet, Nathalie
    Teucher, Birgit
    Floegel, Anna
    Boeing, Heiner
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Adarakis, George
    Plada, Maria
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Pala, Valeria
    Galasso, Rocco
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Palli, Domenico
    Tumino, Rosario
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Gram, Inger Torhild
    Gavrilyuk, Oxana
    Lund, Eiliv
    Sanchez, Maria-Jose
    Bonet, Catalina
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Larranaga, Nerea
    Barricarte Gurrea, Aurelio
    Quiros, Jose R.
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Ohlson, Nina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Jirstrom, Karin
    Butt, Salma
    Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Riboli, Elio
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Peeters, Petra H. M.
    Multiple Miscarriages Are Associated with the Risk of Ovarian Cancer: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition2012In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 7, no 5, p. e37141-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While the risk of ovarian cancer clearly reduces with each full-term pregnancy, the effect of incomplete pregnancies is unclear. We investigated whether incomplete pregnancies (miscarriages and induced abortions) are associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. This observational study was carried out in female participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). A total of 274,442 women were followed from 1992 until 2010. The baseline questionnaire elicited information on miscarriages and induced abortions, reproductive history, and lifestyle-related factors. During a median follow-up of 11.5 years, 1,035 women were diagnosed with incident epithelial ovarian cancer. Despite the lack of an overall association (ever vs. never), risk of ovarian cancer was higher among women with multiple incomplete pregnancies (HR >= 4vs.0: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.20-2.70; number of cases in this category: n = 23). This association was particularly evident for multiple miscarriages (HR >= 4vs.0: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.06-3.73; number of cases in this category: n = 10), with no significant association for multiple induced abortions (HR >= 4vs.0: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.68-3.14; number of cases in this category: n = 7). Our findings suggest that multiple miscarriages are associated with an increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, possibly through a shared cluster of etiological factors or a common underlying pathology. These findings should be interpreted with caution as this is the first study to show this association and given the small number of cases in the highest exposure categories.

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  • 13. Braem, Marieke G. M.
    et al.
    Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte
    Schouten, Leo J.
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Hansen, Louise
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Overvad, Kim
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Dossus, Laure
    Floegel, Anna
    Boeing, Heiner
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Chabbert-Buffet, Nathalie
    Fagherazzi, Guy
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Benetou, Vassiliki
    Goufa, Ioulia
    Pala, Valeria
    Galasso, Rocco
    Mattiello, Amalia
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Palli, Domenico
    Tumino, Rosario
    Gram, Inger T.
    Lund, Eiliv
    Gavrilyuk, Oxana
    Sanchez, Maria-Jose
    Quiros, Ramon
    Gonzales, Carlos A.
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Huerta Castano, Jose M.
    Barricarte Gurrea, Aurelio
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Ohlson, Nina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Jirstrom, Karin
    Witfalt, Elisabet
    Allen, Naomi E.
    Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.
    Kaw, Kay-Tee
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Dik, Vincent K.
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Norat, Teresa
    Riboli, Elio
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Peeters, Petra H. M.
    Coffee and tea consumption and the risk of ovarian cancer: a prospective cohort study and updated meta-analysis2012In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 95, no 5, p. 1172-1181Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In 2007 the World Cancer Research Fund Report concluded that there was limited and inconsistent evidence for an effect of coffee and tea consumption on the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Objective: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), we aimed to investigate whether coffee intakes, tea intakes, or both are associated with the risk of EOC. Design: All women participating in the EPIC (n = 330,849) were included in this study. Data on coffee and tea consumption were collected through validated food-frequency questionnaires at baseline. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards models. Furthermore, we performed an updated meta-analysis of all previous prospective studies until April 2011 by comparing the highest and lowest coffee- and tea-consumption categories as well as by using dose-response random-effects meta-regression analyses. Results: During a median follow-up of 11.7 y, 1244 women developed EOC. No association was observed between the risk of EOC and coffee consumption [HR: 1.05 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.46) for the top quintile compared with no intake] or tea consumption [HR: 1.07 (95% Cl: 0.78, 1.45) for the top quintile compared with no intake]. This lack of association between coffee and tea intake and EOC risk was confirmed by the results of our meta-analysis. Conclusion: Epidemiologic studies do not provide sufficient evidence to support an association between coffee and tea consumption and risk of ovarian cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:1172-81.

  • 14.
    Bylund, Annika
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine.
    Saarinen, Niina
    Zhang, Jie-Xian
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Bergh, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Widmark, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Johansson, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Periodontology.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Adlercreutz, Herman
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Stattin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Mäkelä, Sari
    Anticancer effects of a plant lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol on a prostate cancer model in vivo.2005In: Experimental biology and medicine, ISSN 1535-3702, E-ISSN 1535-3699, Vol. 230, no 3, p. 217-223Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Clinical intervention studies and experimental studies with lignan-rich diets suggest that lignans may have inhibitory effects on prostate cancer, but no clinical or experimental studies with purified lignans have been published. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a plant lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol (HMR) on LNCaP human prostate cancer xenografts in athymic mice. Athymic nude male mice were injected subcutaneously with LNCaP cells. Starting 3 days after tumor cell injections, a control diet or a control diet supplemented with 0.15% or 0.30% of HMR was administered to mice and the tumor take rate and growth was observed for 9 weeks. HMR diet inhibited the growth of LNCaP tumors. Mice treated with HMR had smaller tumor volume, lower tumor take rate, increased proportion of nongrowing tumors, and higher tumor cell apoptotic index compared with controls. Furthermore, the cell proliferation index was reduced in mice receiving the 0.30% HMR diet compared with mice receiving the control diet. Our results suggest that dietary HMR started at the early phase of the tumor development inhibits the growth of the LNCaP human prostate cancer xenografts in athymic male mice.

  • 15. Chen, Tianhui
    et al.
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Wulff, Marianne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Johansson, Robert
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Schock, Helena
    Lenner, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Wadell, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Toniolo, Paolo
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    IGF-I during primiparous pregnancy and maternal risk of breast cancer2010In: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, ISSN 0167-6806, E-ISSN 1573-7217, Vol. 121, no 1, p. 169-175Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previously, we reported that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I during early pregnancy is positively associated with maternal risk of breast cancer. To further explore this association, we designed a new study limited to women who donated a blood sample during their first pregnancy ending with childbirth. A case-control study was nested within the Northern Sweden Maternity Cohort in which repository since 1975, serum specimens remaining after early pregnancy screening for infectious diseases had been preserved. Study subjects were selected among women who donated a blood sample during the full-term pregnancy that led to the birth of their first child. Two hundred and forty-four women with invasive breast cancer were eligible. Two controls, matching the index case for age and date at blood donation were selected (n = 453). IGF-I was measured in serum samples on an Immulite 2000 analyzer. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. A significant positive association of breast cancer with IGF-I was observed, with OR of 1.73 (95% CI: 1.14-2.63) for the top tertile, P < 0.009. Subgroup analyses did not indicate statistical heterogeneity of the association by ages at sampling and diagnosis or by lag time to cancer diagnosis, although somewhat stronger associations with risk were observed in women < or = age 25 at index pregnancy and for cases diagnosed within 15 years of blood donation. The results of the study add further evidence for an adverse effect of elevated IGF-I concentrations during early reproductive life on risk of breast cancer.

  • 16. Chen, Tianhui
    et al.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Wulff, Marianne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Afanasyeva, Yelena
    Schock, Helena
    Johansson, Robert
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Lenner, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Wadell, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Toniolo, Paolo
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Maternal hormones during early pregnancy: a cross-sectional study2010In: Cancer Causes and Control, ISSN 0957-5243, E-ISSN 1573-7225, Vol. 21, no 5, p. 719-727Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Little is known about correlates of first-trimester pregnancy hormones as in most studies maternal hormones have been measured later in gestation. We examined the associations of maternal characteristics and child sex with first-trimester maternal concentrations of four hormones implicated in breast cancer: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-II. METHODS: About 338 serum samples donated to the Northern Sweden Maternity Cohort (NSMC), 1975-2001, during the first trimester of uncomplicated pregnancies, were analyzed for the hormones of interest as a part of a case-control study. The associations of maternal characteristics and child sex with hormone concentrations were investigated by correlation, general linear regression, and multivariate regression models. RESULTS: In the first trimester, greater maternal age was inversely correlated with IGF-I and IGF-II. In comparison with women carrying their first child, already parous women had higher IGF-I but lower hCG. Greater maternal weight and smoking were inversely correlated with hCG. No differences in hormone levels by child sex were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses indicated that potentially modifiable maternal characteristics (maternal weight and smoking) influence first-trimester pregnancy maternal hormone concentrations.

  • 17. Chen, Tianhui
    et al.
    Surcel, Helja-Marja
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Kaasila, Marjo
    Lakso, Hans-Ake
    Schock, Helena
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Koskela, Pentti
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Pukkala, Eero
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Toniolo, Paolo
    Lehtinen, Matti
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Circulating sex steroids during pregnancy and maternal risk of non-epithelial ovarian cancer2011In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, ISSN 1055-9965, E-ISSN 1538-7755, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 324-336Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This is the first prospective study providing initial evidence that elevated androgens play a role in the pathogenesis of SCST. Impact: Our study may note a particular need for larger confirmatory investigations on sex steroids and NEOC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(2); 324-36. ©2010 AACR.

  • 18. Clendenen, Tess V
    et al.
    Arslan, Alan A
    Koenig, Karen L
    Enquist, Kerstin
    Wirgin, Isaac
    Gren, Sa
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Sjodin, Hubert
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Shore, Roy E
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Toniolo, Paolo
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.2008In: Cancer Lett, ISSN 0304-3835, Vol. 260, no 1-2, p. 209-215Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 19. Clendenen, Tess V
    et al.
    Arslan, Alan A
    Lokshin, Anna E
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Koenig, Karen L
    Marrangoni, Adele M
    Nolen, Brian M
    Ohlson, Nina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Temporal reliability of cytokines and growth factors in EDTA plasma2010In: BMC research notes, ISSN 1756-0500, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 302-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Cytokines are involved in the development of chronic diseases, including cancer. It is important to evaluate the temporal reproducibility of cytokines in plasma prior to conducting epidemiologic studies utilizing these markers.

    FINDINGS: We assessed the temporal reliability of CRP, 22 cytokines and their soluble receptors (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1Ra, IL-2, sIL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, sIL-6R, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, TNFalpha, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, IFNalpha, IFNgamma) and eight growth factors (GM-CSF, EGF, bFGF, G-CSF, HGF, VEGF, EGFR, ErbB2) in repeated EDTA plasma samples collected an average of two years apart from 18 healthy women (age range: 42-62) enrolled in a prospective cohort study. We also estimated the correlation between serum and plasma biomarker levels using 18 paired clinical samples from postmenopausal women (age range: 75-86). Twenty-six assays were able to detect their analytes in at least 70% of samples. Of those 26 assays, we observed moderate to high intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs)(ranging from 0.53-0.89) for 22 assays, and low ICCs (0-0.47) for four assays. Serum and plasma levels were highly correlated (r > 0.6) for most markers, except for seven assays (r < 0.5).

    CONCLUSIONS: For 22 of the 31 biomarkers, a single plasma measurement is a reliable estimate of a woman's average level over a two-year period.

  • 20. Clendenen, Tess V.
    et al.
    Arslan, Alan A.
    Lokshin, Anna E.
    Liu, Mengling
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Koenig, Karen L.
    Berrino, Franco
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Marrangoni, Adele
    Muti, Paola
    Nolen, Brian M.
    Ohlson, Nina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Shore, Roy E.
    Sieri, Sabina
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Circulating prolactin levels and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer2013In: Cancer Causes and Control, ISSN 0957-5243, E-ISSN 1573-7225, Vol. 24, no 4, p. 741-748Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Indirect evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies suggests that prolactin may be involved in ovarian cancer development. However, the relationship between circulating prolactin levels and risk of ovarian cancer is unknown.

    We conducted a nested case-control study of 230 cases and 432 individually matched controls within three prospective cohorts to evaluate whether pre-diagnostic circulating prolactin is associated with subsequent risk of ovarian cancer. We also assessed whether lifestyle and reproductive factors are associated with circulating prolactin among controls.

    Prolactin levels were significantly lower among post- versus pre-menopausal women, parous versus nulliparous women, and past versus never users of oral contraceptives in our cross-sectional analysis of controls. In our nested case-control study, we observed a non-significant positive association between circulating prolactin and ovarian cancer risk (ORQ4vsQ1 1.56, 95 % CI 0.94, 2.63, p trend 0.15). Our findings were similar in multivariate-adjusted models and in the subgroup of women who donated blood a parts per thousand yen5 years prior to diagnosis. We observed a significant positive association between prolactin and risk for the subgroup of women with BMI a parts per thousand yen25 kg/m(2) (ORQ4vsQ1 3.10, 95 % CI 1.39, 6.90), but not for women with BMI < 25 kg/m(2) (ORQ4vsQ1 0.81, 95 % CI 0.40, 1.64).

    Our findings suggest that prolactin may be associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer, particularly in overweight/obese women. Factors associated with reduced risk of ovarian cancer, such as parity and use of oral contraceptives, were associated with lower prolactin levels, which suggests that modulation of prolactin may be a mechanism underlying their association with risk.

  • 21. Clendenen, Tess V.
    et al.
    Ge, Wenzhen
    Koenig, Karen L.
    Axelsson, Tomas
    Liu, Mengling
    Afanasyeva, Yelena
    Andersson, Anne
    Arslan, Alan A.
    Chen, Yu
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Lenner, Per
    Kirchhoff, Tomas
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Shore, Roy E.
    Sund, Malin
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Genetic Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Metabolism and Signaling Genes and Risk of Breast Cancer: a nested case-control study2015In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 10, no 10, article id e0140478Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism and signaling genes have been inconsistently associated with risk of breast cancer, though few studies have examined SNPs in vitamin D-related genes other than the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and particularly have not examined the association with the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA) gene which may be a key vitamin D pathway gene. We conducted a nested case-control study of 734 cases and 1435 individually matched controls from a population-based prospective cohort study, the Northern Sweden Mammary Screening Cohort. Tag and functional SNPs were genotyped for the VDR, cytochrome p450 24A1 (CYP24A1), and RXRA genes. We also genotyped specific SNPs in four other genes related to vitamin D metabolism and signaling (GC/VDBP, CYP2R1, DHCR7, and CYP27B1). SNPs in the CYP2R1, DHCR7, and VDBP gene regions that were associated with circulating 25(OH) D concentration in GWAS were also associated with plasma 25(OH) D in our study (p-trend < 0.005). After taking into account the false discovery rate, these SNPs were not significantly associated with breast cancer risk, nor were any of the other SNPs or haplotypes in VDR, RXRA, and CYP24A1. We observed no statistically significant associations between polymorphisms or haplotypes in key vitamin D-related genes and risk of breast cancer. These results, combined with the observation in this cohort and most other prospective studies of no association of circulating 25(OH) D with breast cancer risk, do not support an association between vitamin D and breast cancer risk.

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  • 22. Clendenen, Tess V.
    et al.
    Hertzmark, Kathryn
    Koenig, Karen L.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Johnson, Theron
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Premenopausal Circulating Androgens and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: results of a Prospective Study2016In: Hormones & cancer, ISSN 1868-8500, Vol. 7, no 3, p. 178-187Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Endometrial cancer risk is increased by estrogens unopposed by progesterone. In premenopausal women, androgen excess is often associated with progesterone insufficiency, suggesting that premenopausal androgen concentrations may be associated with risk. In a case-control study nested within three cohorts, we assessed the relationship between premenopausal androgens and risk of endometrial cancer (161 cases and 303 controls matched on age and date of blood donation). Testosterone, DHEAS, androstenedione, and SHBG were measured in serum or plasma. Free testosterone was calculated from testosterone and SHBG. We observed trends of increasing risk across tertiles of testosterone (ORT3-T1 = 1.59, 95 % CI = 0.96, 2.64, p = 0.08) and free testosterone (ORT3-T1 = 1.76, 95 % CI = 1.01, 3.07, p = 0.047), which were not statistically significant after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). There was no association for DHEAS, androstenedione, or SHBG. There were significant interactions by age at diagnosis (<55 years, n = 51 cases; ≥55 years, n = 110 cases). Among women who were ≥55 years of age (predominantly postmenopausal) at diagnosis, the BMI-adjusted OR was 2.08 (95 % CI = 1.25, 3.44, p = 0.005) for a doubling in testosterone and 1.55 (95 % CI = 1.04, 2.31, p = 0.049) for a doubling in free testosterone. There was no association among women aged <55 years at diagnosis, consistent with the only other prospective study to date. If pre- and post-menopausal concentrations of androgens are correlated, our observation of an association of premenopausal androgens with risk among women aged ≥55 years at diagnosis could be due to the effect on the endometrium of postmenopausal androgen-derived estrogens in the absence of progesterone, which is no longer secreted.

  • 23. Clendenen, Tess V
    et al.
    Koenig, Karen L
    Arslan, Alan A
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Berrino, Franco
    Gu, Yian
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Lokshin, Anna E
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Muti, Paola
    Marrangoni, Adele
    Nolen, Brian M
    Ohlson, Nina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Shore, Roy E
    Sieri, Sabina
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Factors associated with inflammation markers, a cross-sectional analysis2011In: Cytokine, ISSN 1043-4666, E-ISSN 1096-0023, Vol. 56, no 3, p. 769-778Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Epidemiological studies have reported associations between circulating inflammation markers and risk of chronic diseases. It is of interest to examine whether risk factors for these diseases are associated with inflammation. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to evaluate whether reproductive and lifestyle factors and circulating vitamin D were associated with inflammation markers, including C-reactive protein, cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNFα), and cytokine modulators (IL-1RA, sIL-1RII, sIL-2Ra, sIL-4R, sIL-6R, sTNF-R1/R2), among 616 healthy women. We confirmed associations of several inflammation markers with age and BMI. We also observed significantly higher levels of certain inflammation markers in postmenopausal vs. premenopausal women (TNFα, sIL-1RII, sIL-2Ra), with increasing parity (IL-12p40), and with higher circulating 25(OH) vitamin D (IL-13) and lower levels among current users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-12p40), current smokers (IL-4, IL-13, IL-12p40), and women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13). Our findings suggest that risk factors for chronic diseases (age, BMI, menopausal status, parity, NSAID use, family history of breast and ovarian cancer, and smoking) are associated with inflammation markers in healthy women.

  • 24. Clendenen, Tess V
    et al.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Koenig, Karen L
    Berrino, Franco
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Lokshin, Anna E
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Ohlson, Nina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Sieri, Sabina
    Muti, Paola
    Marrangoni, Adele
    Nolen, Brian M
    Liu, Mengling
    Shore, Roy E
    Arslan, Alan A
    Circulating inflammation markers and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.2011In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, ISSN 1055-9965, E-ISSN 1538-7755, Vol. 20, no 5, p. 799-810Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Factors contributing to chronic inflammation appear to be associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between circulating levels of inflammation mediators and subsequent risk of ovarian cancer.

    Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 230 cases and 432 individually matched controls nested within three prospective cohorts to evaluate the association of prediagnostic circulating levels of inflammation-related biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNFα, IL-1Ra, sIL-1RII, sIL-2Ra, sIL-4R, sIL-6R, sTNF-R1, and sTNF-R2) measured using Luminex xMap technology with risk of ovarian cancer.

    Results: We observed a trend across quartiles for IL-2 (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.98–2.52, P = 0.07), IL-4 (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 1.50, 95% CI: 0.95–2.38, P = 0.06), IL-6 (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.03–2.58, P = 0.03), IL-12p40 (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.02–2.51, P = 0.06), and IL-13 (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 1.42, 95% CI: 0.90–2.26, P = 0.11). Trends were also observed when cytokines were modeled on the continuous scale for IL-4 (P trend = 0.01), IL-6 (P trend = 0.01), IL-12p40 (P trend = 0.01), and IL-13 (P trend = 0.04). ORs were not materially different after excluding cases diagnosed less than 5 years after blood donation or when limited to serous tumors.

    Conclusions and Impact: This study provides the first direct evidence that multiple inflammation markers, specifically IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-13, may be associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, and adds to the evidence that inflammation is involved in the development of this disease.

  • 25. Clendenen, Tess
    et al.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Wirgin, Isaac
    Koenig, Karen L
    Afanasyeva, Yelena
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Arslan, Alan A
    Axelsson, Tomas
    Försti, Asta
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Hemminki, Kari
    Lenner, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Roy, Nirmal
    Shore, Roy E
    Chen, Yu
    Genetic variants in hormone-related genes and risk of breast cancer2013In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 7, p. e69367-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sex hormones play a key role in the development of breast cancer. Certain polymorphic variants (SNPs and repeat polymorphisms) in hormone-related genes are associated with sex hormone levels. However, the relationship observed between these genetic variants and breast cancer risk has been inconsistent. We conducted a case-control study nested within two prospective cohorts to assess the relationship between specific genetic variants in hormone-related genes and breast cancer risk. In total, 1164 cases and 2111 individually-matched controls were included in the study. We did not observe an association between potential functional genetic polymorphisms in the estrogen pathway, SHBG rs6259, ESR1 rs2234693, CYP19 rs10046 and rs4775936, and UGT1A1 rs8175347, or the progesterone pathway, PGR rs1042838, with the risk of breast cancer. Our results suggest that these genetic variants do not have a strong effect on breast cancer risk.

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  • 26. Crusius, J B A
    et al.
    Canzian, F
    Capellá, G
    Peña, A S
    Pera, G
    Sala, N
    Agudo, A
    Rico, F
    Del Giudice, G
    Palli, D
    Plebani, M
    Boeing, H
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B
    Carneiro, F
    Pala, V
    Save, V E
    Vineis, P
    Tumino, R
    Panico, S
    Berglund, G
    Manjer, J
    Stenling, Roger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Martínez, C
    Dorronsoro, M
    Barricarte, A
    Navarro, C
    Quirós, J R
    Allen, N
    Key, T J
    Binghan, S
    Caldas, C
    Linseisen, J
    Kaaks, R
    Overvad, K
    Tjønneland, A
    Büchner, F C
    Peeters, P H M
    Numans, M E
    Clavel-Chapelon, F
    Trichopoulou, A
    Lundin, Eva
    Jenab, M
    Rinaldi, S
    Ferrari, P
    Riboli, E
    González, C A
    Cytokine gene polymorphisms and the risk of adenocarcinoma of the stomach in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST).2008In: Ann Oncol, ISSN 1569-8041, Vol. 19, no 11, p. 1894-1902Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 27. Cust, Anne E
    et al.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Friedenreich, Christine
    Bonnet, Fabrice
    Laville, Martine
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Dossus, Laure
    Slimani, Nadia
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Overvad, Kim
    Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
    Mesrine, Sylvie
    Joulin, Virginie
    Linseisen, Jakob
    Rohrmann, Sabine
    Pischon, Tobias
    Boeing, Heiner
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Benetou, Vassiliki
    Palli, Domenico
    Berrino, Franco
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Mattiello, Amalia
    Quirós, J Ramón
    Mendez, Michelle A
    Sánchez, María-José
    Larrañaga, Nerea
    Tormo, M J
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Peeters, Petra H M
    van Gils, Carla H
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Bingham, Sheila
    Allen, Naomi
    Key, Tim
    Jenab, Mazda
    Riboli, Elio
    Plasma adiponectin levels and endometrial cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal women.2007In: J Clin Endocrinol Metab, ISSN 0021-972X, Vol. 92, no 1, p. 255-63Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 28. Cust, Anne E
    et al.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Friedenreich, Christine
    Bonnet, Fabrice
    Laville, Martine
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Overvad, Kim
    Jakobsen, Marianne Uhre
    Chajès, Véronique
    Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Linseisen, Jakob
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Boeing, Heiner
    Pischon, Tobias
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Christina, Bamia
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Palli, Domenico
    Berrino, Franco
    Panico, Salvatore
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Gram, Inger Torhild
    Lund, Eiliv
    Quirós, J R
    Travier, Noémie
    Martínez-García, Carmen
    Larrañaga, Nerea
    Chirlaque, María-Dolores
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Berglund, Göran
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    van Duijnhoven, Fränzel J B
    Peeters, Petra H M
    Bingham, Sheila
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Allen, Naomi
    Key, Tim
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Slimani, Nadia
    Riboli, Elio
    Metabolic syndrome, plasma lipid, lipoprotein and glucose levels, and endometrial cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).2007In: Endocr Relat Cancer, ISSN 1351-0088, Vol. 14, no 3, p. 755-67Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 29. Cust, Anne E
    et al.
    Slimani, Nadia
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    van Bakel, Marit
    Biessy, Carine
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Laville, Martine
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Overvad, Kim
    Lajous, Martin
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Linseisen, Jakob
    Rohrmann, Sabine
    Nöthlings, Ute
    Boeing, Heiner
    Palli, Domenico
    Sieri, Sabina
    Panico, Salvatore
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Skeie, Guri
    Engeset, Dagrun
    Gram, Inger Torhild
    Quirós, J Ramón
    Jakszyn, Paula
    Sánchez, María José
    Larrañaga, Nerea
    Navarro, Carmen
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Wirfält, Elisabet
    Berglund, Göran
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology. Patologi.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Du, Huaidong
    Peeters, Petra H M
    Bingham, Sheila
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Allen, Naomi E
    Key, Timothy J
    Jenab, Mazda
    Riboli, Elio
    Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic load, and endometrial cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort.2007In: American Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0002-9262, Vol. 166, no 8, p. 912-23Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 30. Cust, Anne E
    et al.
    Stocks, Tanja
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Jonsson, Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Stattin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    The influence of overweight and insulin resistance on breast cancer risk and tumour stage at diagnosis: a prospective study.2009In: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, ISSN 0167-6806, E-ISSN 1573-7217, Vol. 113, no 3, p. 567-576Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is hypothesized that insulin resistance and related metabolic factors may influence breast cancer risk, however the epidemiological evidence remains inconclusive. We conducted a case–control study nested in a prospective cohort in Northern Sweden, to clarify the associations of body mass index (BMI), leptin, adiponectin, C-peptide, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) with breast cancer risk. We also investigated whether these associations may be modified by age at diagnosis, tumour stage, and oestrogen and progesterone receptor status. During follow-up, 561 women developed invasive breast cancer and 561 matched controls were selected. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) as estimates of relative risk, and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The associations of BMI, leptin and HbA1c with breast cancer risk differed significantly according to whether the tumour was diagnosed as stage I or stage II–IV (P heterogeneity all <0.05). These factors were significantly inversely associated with risk in the group of stage I tumours, with ORs for top vs. bottom tertile for BMI of 0.48 (95% CI, 0.30–0.78, P trend = 0.004); leptin, 0.64 (95% CI, 0.41–1.00, P trend = 0.06); and HbA1c, 0.47 (95% CI, 0.28–0.80, P trend = 0.005). For stage II–IV tumours, there was a suggestion of an increased risk with higher levels of these factors. There were no significant differences in the associations of BMI, leptin, adiponectin, C-peptide and HbA1c with breast cancer risk in subgroups of age at diagnosis or tumour receptor status. This prospective study suggests that BMI, leptin and HbA1c influence breast tumour initiation and progression.

  • 31. Dossus, Laure
    et al.
    Allen, Naomi
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Bakken, Kjersti
    Lund, Eiliv
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Overvad, Kim
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Fournier, Agnes
    Chabbert-Buffet, Nathalie
    Boeing, Heiner
    Schütze, Madlen
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Palli, Domenico
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Tumino, Rosario
    Vineis, Paolo
    Mattiello, Amalia
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Onland-Moret, N Charlotte
    Peeters, Petra H M
    Dumeaux, Vanessa
    Redondo, Maria-Luisa
    Duell, Eric
    Sanchez-Cantalejo, Emilio
    Arriola, Larraitz
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Manjer, Jonas
    Borgquist, Signe
    Lukanova, Annie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nicholas
    Key, Tim
    Chajes, Veronique
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Slimani, Nadia
    Mouw, Traci
    Gallo, Valentina
    Riboli, Elio
    Reproductive risk factors and endometrial cancer: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition2010In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 127, no 2, p. 442-451Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Endometrial cancer risk has been associated with reproductive factors (age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, age at first and last birth, time since last birth and use of oral contraceptives (OCs)]. However, these factors are closely interrelated and whether they act independently still requires clarification. We conducted a study to examine the association of menstrual and reproductive variables with the risk of endometrial cancer among the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Among the 302,618 women eligible for the study, 1,017 incident endometrial cancer cases were identified. A reduction in endometrial cancer risk was observed in women with late menarche, early menopause, past OC use, high parity and a shorter time since last full-term pregnancy (FTP). No association was observed for duration of breast feeding after adjustment for number of FTP or for abortion (spontaneous or induced). After mutual adjustment, late age at menarche, early age at menopause and duration of OC use showed similar risk reductions of 7-8% per year of menstrual life, whereas the decreased risk associated with cumulative duration of FTPs was stronger (22% per year). In conclusion, our findings confirmed a reduction in risk of endometrial cancer with factors associated with a lower cumulative exposure to estrogen and/or higher exposure to progesterone, such as increasing number of FTPs and shorter menstrual lifespan and, therefore, support an important role of hormonal mechanisms in endometrial carcinogenesis.

  • 32.
    Dossus, Laure
    et al.
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Becker, Susen
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Olsen, Anja
    Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Overvad, Kim
    Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Chabbert-Buffet, Nathalie
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, APHP Hospital Tenon and UMPC, Paris, France.
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris South University, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France.
    Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
    INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris South University, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France.
    Teucher, Birgit
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Chang-Claude, Jenny
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Pischon, Tobias
    Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
    Boeing, Heiner
    Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
    Benetou, Vasiliki
    Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
    Valanou, Elisavet
    Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
    Palli, Domenico
    Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy.
    Sieri, Sabina
    Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
    Tumino, Rosario
    Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile – M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy.
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO Piedmont), Turin, Italy.
    Galasso, Rocco
    Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS-CROOB), Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
    Redondo, Maria-Luísa
    Public Health and Participation Directorate, Health and Health Care Services Council, Asturias, Spain.
    Bonet Bonet, Catalina
    Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain.
    Molina-Montes, Esther
    Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain.
    Altzibar, Jone M
    CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
    Ardanaz, Eva
    CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
    van Duijnhoven, Fränzel J B
    National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
    Peeters, Petra H M
    Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
    Onland-Moret, N Charlotte
    Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Wareham, Nicholas
    MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Allen, Naomi
    Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Romieu, Isabelle
    International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
    Fedirko, Veronika
    International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
    Hainaut, Pierre
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
    Romaguera, Dora
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
    Norat, Teresa
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
    Riboli, Elio
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble TNF receptors and endometrial cancer risk: the EPIC study2011In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 129, no 8, p. 2032-2037Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chronic inflammation has been hypothesized to play a role in endometrial cancer development. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), one of the major pro-inflammatory cytokines, has also been implicated in endometrial physiology. We conducted a case-control study nested within the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) to examine the association of TNF-α and its two soluble receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) with endometrial cancer risk. Two-hundred-seventy cases and 518 matched controls were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. We observed an increased risk of endometrial cancer among women in the highest versus lowest quartile of TNF-α (odds ratio [OR]: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.09-2.73, Ptrend = 0.01), sTNFR1 (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 0.99-2.86, Ptrend = 0.07) and sTNFR2 (OR: 1.53, 95%CI: 0.92-2.55, Ptrend = 0.03) after adjustment for body-mass-index, parity, age at menopause and previous postmenopausal hormone therapy use. Further adjustments for estrogens and C-peptide had minor effect on risk estimates. Our data show that elevated prediagnostic concentrations of TNF-α and its soluble receptors are related to a higher risk of endometrial cancer, particularly strong in women diagnosed within 2 years of blood donation. This is the first study of its kind and therefore deserves replication in further prospective studies.

  • 33. Dossus, Laure
    et al.
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Allen, Naomi
    Cust, Anne E
    Becker, Susen
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Hansen, Louise
    Overvad, Kim
    Chabbert-Buffet, Nathalie
    Mesrine, Sylvie
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Teucher, Birgit
    Chang-Claude, Jenny
    Boeing, Heiner
    Drogan, Dagmar
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Benetou, Vasiliki
    Bamia, Christina
    Palli, Domenico
    Agnoli, Claudia
    Galasso, Rocco
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    van Duijnhoven, Fränzel J B
    Peeters, Petra H M
    Onland-Moret, N Charlotte
    Redondo, Maria-Luisa
    Travier, Noémie
    Sanchez, Maria-Jose
    Altzibar, Jone M
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nicholas
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Romaguera, Dora
    Norat, Teresa
    Riboli, Elio
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles and endometrial cancer risk within the EPIC cohort--a factor analysis.2013In: American Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0002-9262, E-ISSN 1476-6256, Vol. 177, no 8, p. 787-799Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A "Western" lifestyle characterized by physical inactivity and excess weight is associated with a number of metabolic and hormonal dysregulations, including increased circulating estrogen levels, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and chronic inflammation. The same hormonal and metabolic axes might mediate the association between this lifestyle and the development of endometrial cancer. Using data collected within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a prospective cohort study carried out in 10 European countries during 1992-2000, we conducted a factor analysis to delineate important components that summarize the variation explained by a set of biomarkers and to examine their association with endometrial cancer risk. Prediagnostic levels of testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, sex hormone-binding globulin, estrone, estradiol, C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins 1 and 2, adiponectin, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist were measured in 233 incident endometrial cancer cases and 446 matched controls. Factor analysis identified 3 components associated with postmenopausal endometrial cancer risk that could be labeled "insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome," "steroids," and "inflammation" factors. A fourth component, "lipids," was not significantly associated with endometrial cancer. In conclusion, besides the well-known associations of risk with sex hormones and insulin-regulated physiological axes, our data further support the hypothesis that inflammation factors play a role in endometrial carcinogenesis.

  • 34. Dossus, Laure
    et al.
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Becker, Susen
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Stegger, Jakob
    Overvad, Kim
    Chabbert-Buffet, Nathalie
    Jimenez-Corona, Aida
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Rohrmann, Sabine
    Teucher, Birgit
    Boeing, Heiner
    Schütze, Madlen
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Benetou, Vassiliki
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Palli, Domenico
    Berrino, Franco
    Panico, Salvatore
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Redondo, Maria-Luisa
    Travier, Noémie
    Sanchez, Maria-Jose
    Altzibar, Jone M
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    van Duijnhoven, Fränzel J B
    Onland-Moret, N Charlotte
    Peeters, Petra H M
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nicholas
    Allen, Naomi
    Key, Tim J
    Slimani, Nadia
    Hainaut, Pierre
    Romaguera, Dora
    Norat, Teresa
    Riboli, Elio
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Obesity, inflammatory markers, and endometrial cancer risk: a prospective case-control study2010In: Endocrine-Related Cancer, ISSN 1351-0088, E-ISSN 1479-6821, Vol. 17, no 4, p. 1007-1019Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Obesity, a major risk factor for endometrial cancer, is a low-grade inflammatory state characterized by elevated concentrations of cytokines and acute phase reactants. The current study had two aims: first to investigate the associations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), and IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) with endometrial cancer risk and second to examine to which extent these markers can influence the association between obesity and endometrial cancer. We conducted a case-control study, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, which comprised 305 incident cases of endometrial cancer and 574 matched controls. CRP, IL6, and IL1Ra were measured in prospectively collected blood specimens by immunoassays. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided, and P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. We observed a significant increase in risk of endometrial cancer with elevated levels of CRP (odds ratio (OR) for top versus bottom quartile: 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-2.41, P(trend)=0.02), IL6 (OR for top versus bottom quartile: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.08-2.54, P(trend)=0.008), and IL1Ra (OR for top versus bottom quartile: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.22-2.73, P(trend)=0.004). After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), the estimates were strongly reduced and became non-significant. The association between BMI and endometrial cancer was also substantially attenuated (∼10-20%) after adjustment for inflammatory markers, even when the effects of C-peptide or estrone had already been taken into account. We provided epidemiological evidence that chronic inflammation might mediate the association between obesity and endometrial cancer and that endometrial carcinogenesis could be promoted by an inflammatory milieu.

  • 35. Fedirko, Veronika
    et al.
    Jenab, Mazda
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Biessy, Carine
    Allen, Naomi E.
    Dossus, Laure
    Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte
    Schuetze, Madlen
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Hansen, Louise
    Overvad, Kim
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Chabbert-Buffet, Nathalie
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Bergmann, Manuela M.
    Boeing, Heiner
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Oustoglou, Erifili
    Barbitsioti, Antonia
    Saieva, Calogero
    Tagliabue, Giovanna
    Galasso, Rocco
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Peeters, Petra H.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Gram, Inger Torhild
    Sanchez, Soledad
    Duell, Eric J.
    Molina-Montes, Esther
    Arriola, Larraitz
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Manjer, Jonas
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Romaguera-Bosch, Dora
    Wark, Petra A.
    Norat, Teresa
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Alcohol drinking and endometrial cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study2013In: Annals of Epidemiology, ISSN 1047-2797, E-ISSN 1873-2585, Vol. 23, no 2, p. 93-98Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Alcohol intake may adversely affect the concentrations of endogenous sex hormones, and thus increase the risk of endometrial cancer. However, epidemiologic studies have provided conflicting results. Therefore, we investigated the association between alcohol intake and endometrial cancer risk a large, multicenter, prospective study. Methods: From 1992 through 2010, 301,051 women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort were followed for incident endometrial cancer (n = 1382). Baseline alcohol consumption was assessed by country-specific, validated dietary questionnaires. Information on past alcohol consumption was collected by lifestyle questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models. Results: The multivariable HRs (and 95% CIs) compared with light drinkers (0.1-6 g/d) were 1.03(0.88-1.20) for 0 g of alcohol per day at baseline, 1.01 (0.86-1.17) for 6.1-12 g/d, 1.03 (0.87-1.22) for 12.1-24 g/d, 1.07(0.87-1.38) for 241-36 g/d, and 0.85(0.61-1.18) for more than 36 g/d (p(trend) = 0.77). No association was observed among former drinkers (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.98-1.68 compared with light drinkers). Null associations were also found between alcohol consumption at age 20 years, lifetime pattern of alcohol drinking, and baseline alcohol intake from specific alcoholic beverages and endometrial cancer risk. Conclusions: Our findings suggest no association between alcohol intake and endometrial cancer risk.

  • 36. Fortner, Renee T.
    et al.
    Huesing, Anika
    Kuehn, Tilman
    Konar, Meric
    Overvad, Kim
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Hansen, Louise
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Severi, Gianluca
    Fournier, Agnes
    Boeing, Heiner
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Benetou, Vasiliki
    Orfanos, Philippos
    Masala, Giovanna
    Agnoli, Claudia
    Mattiello, Amalia
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(as)
    Peeters, Petra H. M.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Gram, Inger T.
    Gavrilyuk, Oxana
    Ramon Quiros, J.
    Maria Huerta, Jose
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Larranaga, Nerea
    Lujan-Barroso, Leila
    Sanchez-Cantalejo, Emilio
    Butt, Salma Tuna
    Borgquist, Signe
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Allen, Naomi E.
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Dossus, Laure
    Gunter, Marc
    Merritt, Melissa A.
    Tzoulaki, Ioanna
    Riboli, Elio
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Endometrial cancer risk prediction including serum-based biomarkers: results from the EPIC cohort2017In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 140, no 6, p. 1317-1323Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Endometrial cancer risk prediction models including lifestyle, anthropometric and reproductive factors have limited discrimina-tion. Adding biomarker data to these models may improve predictive capacity; to our knowledge, this has not been investigat-ed for endometrial cancer. Using a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, we investigated the improvement in discrimination gained by adding serum biomarker concentrations to risk estimates derived from an existing risk prediction model based on epidemiologic factors. Serum concentrations of sex steroid hormones, metabolic markers, growth factors, adipokines and cytokines were evaluated in a step-wise backward selec-tion process; biomarkers were retained at p < 0.157 indicating improvement in the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Improvement in discrimination was assessed using the C-statistic for all biomarkers alone, and change in C-statistic from addition of biomarkers to preexisting absolute risk estimates. We used internal validation with bootstrapping (1000-fold) to adjust for over-fitting. Adiponectin, estrone, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and triglycerides were select-ed into the model. After accounting for over-fitting, discrimination was improved by 2.0 percentage points when all evaluated biomarkers were included and 1.7 percentage points in the model including the selected biomarkers. Models including eti-ologic markers on independent pathways and genetic markers may further improve discrimination.

  • 37. Fortner, Renee T.
    et al.
    Ose, Jennifer
    Merritt, Melissa A.
    Schock, Helena
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Hansen, Louise
    Overvad, Kim
    Dossus, Laure
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Baglietto, Laura
    Boeing, Heiner
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Benetou, Vassiliki
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Agnoli, Claudia
    Mattiello, Amalia
    Masala, Giovanna
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(as)
    Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte
    Peeters, Petra H.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Gram, Inger Torhild
    Duell, Eric J.
    Larranaga, Nerea
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Sanchez, Maria-Jose
    Chirlaque, M-D
    Braendstedt, Jenny
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Travis, Ruth C.
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Riboli, Elio
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Reproductive and hormone-related risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer by histologic pathways, invasiveness and histologic subtypes: results from the EPIC cohort2015In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 137, no 5, p. 1196-1208Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Whether risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) differ by subtype (i.e., dualistic pathway of carcinogenesis, histologic subtype) is not well understood; however, data to date suggest risk factor differences. We examined associations between reproductive and hormone-related risk factors for EOC by subtype in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Among 334,126 women with data on reproductive and hormone-related risk factors (follow-up: 1992-2010), 1,245 incident cases of EOC with known histology and invasiveness were identified. Data on tumor histology, grade, and invasiveness, were available from cancer registries and pathology record review. We observed significant heterogeneity by the dualistic model (i.e., type I [low grade serous or endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, malignant Brenner] vs. type II [high grade serous or endometrioid]) for full-term pregnancy (p(het)=0.02). Full-term pregnancy was more strongly inversely associated with type I than type II tumors (ever vs. never: type I: relative risk (RR) 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33-0.69]; type II, RR: 0.81 [0.61-1.06]). We observed no significant differences in risk in analyses by major histologic subtypes of invasive EOC (serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell). None of the investigated factors were associated with borderline tumors. Established protective factors, including duration of oral contraceptive use and full term pregnancy, were consistently inversely associated with risk across histologic subtypes (e.g., ever full-term pregnancy: serous, RR: 0.73 [0.58-0.92]; mucinous, RR: 0.53 [0.30-0.95]; endometrioid, RR: 0.65 [0.40-1.06]; clear cell, RR: 0.34 [0.18-0.64]; p(het)=0.16). These results suggest limited heterogeneity between reproductive and hormone-related risk factors and EOC subtypes. What's new? Reproductive and hormone-related risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have been extensively investigated. However, EOC is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous disease and risk factor differences across EOC subtypes, as defined by the recently proposed dualistic pathway of ovarian carcinogenesis and histological characteristics, are not well understood. Here, the authors present a detailed prospective investigation on reproductive and hormone-related risk factors for borderline tumors and epithelial ovarian cancer by main histological subtypes and, for the first time, by the types defined by the dualistic pathway. The results suggest limited heterogeneity between reproductive and hormone-related risk factors and EOC subtypes.

  • 38. Fortner, Renee T.
    et al.
    Poole, Elizabeth M.
    Wentzensen, Nicolas A.
    Trabert, Britton
    White, Emily
    Arslan, Alan A.
    Patel, Alpa, V
    Setiawan, V. Wendy
    Visvanathan, Kala
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Adami, Hans-Olov
    Black, Amanda
    Bernstein, Leslie
    Brinton, Louise A.
    Buring, Julie
    Clendenen, Tess, V
    Fournier, Agnes
    Fraser, Gary
    Gapstur, Susan M.
    Gaudet, Mia M.
    Giles, Graham G.
    Gram, Inger T.
    Hartge, Patricia
    Hoffman-Bolton, Judith
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Kirsh, Victoria A.
    Knutsen, Synnove
    Koh, Woon-Puay
    Lacey, James V., Jr.
    Lee, I-Min
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Merritt, Melissa A.
    Milne, Roger L.
    Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte
    Peters, Ulrike
    Poynter, Jenny N.
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Robien, Kim
    Rohan, Thomas
    Sanchez, Maria-Jose
    Schairer, Catherine
    Schouten, Leo J.
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Townsend, Mary K.
    Travis, Ruth C.
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    van den Brandt, Piet A.
    Vineis, Paolo
    Wilkens, Lynne
    Wolk, Alicja
    Yang, Hannah P.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Tworoger, Shelley S.
    Ovarian cancer risk factors by tumor aggressiveness: an analysis from the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium2019In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 145, no 1, p. 58-69Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ovarian cancer risk factors differ by histotype; however, within subtype, there is substantial variability in outcomes. We hypothesized that risk factor profiles may influence tumor aggressiveness, defined by time between diagnosis and death, independent of histology. Among 1.3 million women from 21 prospective cohorts, 4,584 invasive epithelial ovarian cancers were identified and classified as highly aggressive (death in <1 year, n = 864), very aggressive (death in 1 to < 3 years, n = 1,390), moderately aggressive (death in 3 to < 5 years, n = 639), and less aggressive (lived 5+ years, n = 1,691). Using competing risks Cox proportional hazards regression, we assessed heterogeneity of associations by tumor aggressiveness for all cases and among serous and endometrioid/clear cell tumors. Associations between parity (phet = 0.01), family history of ovarian cancer (phet = 0.02), body mass index (BMI; phet ≤ 0.04) and smoking (phet < 0.01) and ovarian cancer risk differed by aggressiveness. A first/single pregnancy, relative to nulliparity, was inversely associated with highly aggressive disease (HR: 0.72; 95% CI [0.58–0.88]), no association was observed for subsequent pregnancies (per pregnancy, 0.97 [0.92–1.02]). In contrast, first and subsequent pregnancies were similarly associated with less aggressive disease (0.87 for both). Family history of ovarian cancer was only associated with risk of less aggressive disease (1.94 [1.47–2.55]). High BMI (≥35 vs. 20 to < 25 kg/m2, 1.93 [1.46–2.56] and current smoking (vs. never, 1.30 [1.07–1.57]) were associated with increased risk of highly aggressive disease. Results were similar within histotypes. Ovarian cancer risk factors may be directly associated with subtypes defined by tumor aggressiveness, rather than through differential effects on histology. Studies to assess biological pathways are warranted.

  • 39. Fortner, Renee T.
    et al.
    Tolockiene, Egle
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Schock, Helena
    Oda, Husam
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Lakso, Hans-Åke
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Toniolo, Paolo
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Early pregnancy sex steroids during primiparous pregnancies and maternal breast cancer: a nested case-control study in the Northern Sweden Maternity Cohort2017In: Breast Cancer Research, ISSN 1465-5411, E-ISSN 1465-542X, Vol. 19, article id 82Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Pregnancy and parity are associated with subsequent breast cancer risk. Experimental and epidemiologic data suggest a role for pregnancy sex steroid hormones.

    Methods: We conducted a nested case–control study in the Northern Sweden Maternity Cohort (1975–2007). Eligible women had provided a blood sample in the first 20 weeks of gestation during a primiparous pregnancy leading to a term delivery. The current study includes 223 cases and 417 matched controls (matching factors: age at and date of blood collection). Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status was available for all cases; androgen receptor (AR) data were available for 41% of cases (n = 92). Sex steroids were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using conditional logistic regression.

    Results: Higher concentrations of circulating progesterone in early pregnancy were inversely associated with ER+/PR+ breast cancer risk (ORlog2: 0.64 (0.41–1.00)). Higher testosterone was positively associated with ER+/PR+ disease risk (ORlog2: 1.57 (1.13–2.18)). Early pregnancy estrogens were not associated with risk, except for relatively high estradiol in the context of low progesterone (split at median, relative to low concentrations of both; OR: 1.87 (1.11–3.16)). None of the investigated hormones were associated with ER–/PR– disease, or with AR+ or AR+/ER+/PR+ disease.

    Conclusions: Consistent with experimental models, high progesterone in early pregnancy was associated with lower risk of ER+/PR+ breast cancer in the mother. High circulating testosterone in early pregnancy, which likely reflects nonpregnant premenopausal exposure, was associated with higher risk of ER+/PR+ disease.

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  • 40. Fortner, Renée T.
    et al.
    Schock, Helena
    Jung, Seungyoun
    Allen, Naomi E.
    Arslan, Alan A.
    Brinton, Louise A.
    Egleston, Brian L.
    Falk, Roni T.
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Helzlsouer, Kathy J.
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Johnson, Theron S.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Merritt, Melissa A.
    Navarro, Carmen
    Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte
    Palli, Domenico
    Shu, Xiao-Ou
    Sluss, Patrick M.
    Staats, Paul N.
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Zheng, Wei
    Dorgan, Joanne F.
    Anti-Mullerian hormone and endometrial cancer: a multi-cohort study2017In: British Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0007-0920, E-ISSN 1532-1827, Vol. 117, no 9, p. 1412-1418Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The Mullerian ducts are the embryological precursors of the female reproductive tract, including the uterus; anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has a key role in the regulation of foetal sexual differentiation. Anti-Mullerian hormone inhibits endometrial tumour growth in experimental models by stimulating apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. To date, there are no prospective epidemiologic data on circulating AMH and endometrial cancer risk. Methods: We investigated this association among women premenopausal at blood collection in a multicohort study including participants from eight studies located in the United States, Europe, and China. We identified 329 endometrial cancer cases and 339 matched controls. AntiMullerian hormone concentrations in blood were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) across tertiles and for a doubling of AMH concentrations (ORlog2). Subgroup analyses were performed by ages at blood donation and diagnosis, oral contraceptive use, and tumour characteristics. Results: Anti-Mullerian hormone was not associated with the risk of endometrial cancer overall (ORlog(2): 1.07 (0.99-1.17)), or with any of the examined subgroups. Conclusions: Although experimental models implicate AMH in endometrial cancer growth inhibition, our findings do not support a role for circulating AMH in the aetiology of endometrial cancer.

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  • 41. Fortner, Renée T
    et al.
    Schock, Helena
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Lehtinen, Matti
    Pukkala, Eero
    Lakso, Hans-Åke
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences.
    Tanner, Minna
    Kallio, Raija
    Joensuu, Heikki
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Toniolo, Paolo
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Surcel, Helja-Marja
    Early pregnancy sex steroids and maternal breast cancer: a nested case-control study2014In: Cancer Research, ISSN 0008-5472, E-ISSN 1538-7445, Vol. 74, no 23, p. 6958-6967Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pregnancy, parity, and circulating steroid hormone levels are associated with risk of breast cancer, but little is known about hormone concentrations during pregnancy and subsequent breast cancer risk. We evaluated early pregnancy (<140 days gestation) serum estradiol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone and breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study in the Finnish Maternity Cohort. The cohort includes 98% of pregnancies registered in Finland since 1983. Individuals with samples collected in the first pregnancy leading to a live birth were eligible. Breast cancer cases (n = 1,199) were identified through linkage with the Finnish Cancer Registry; 2,281 matched controls were selected using incidence density sampling. ORs were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Hormone concentrations were not associated with breast cancer overall. Estradiol was positively associated with risk of breast cancer diagnosed age <40 [4th vs. 1st quartile OR 1.60 (1.07-2.39); Ptrend = 0.01], and inversely associated with breast cancer diagnosed at age ≥40 [4th vs. 1st quartile OR 0.71 (0.51-1.00); Ptrend = 0.02]. Elevated concentrations of the steroid hormones were associated with increased risk of estrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-negative tumors in women age <40 at diagnosis. We observed no association between steroid hormones and ER(+)/PR(+) disease. These data suggest a positive association between high concentrations of early pregnancy steroid hormones and risk of ER(-)/PR(-) breast cancer in women diagnosed age <40, and an inverse association for overall breast cancer diagnosed age ≥40. Further research on pregnancy hormones and risk of steroid receptor-negative cancers is needed to further characterize this association.

  • 42. Fortner, Renée T
    et al.
    Schock, Helena
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Lehtinen, Matti
    Pukkala, Eero
    Lakso, Hans-Åke
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Tanner, Minna
    Kallio, Raija
    Joensuu, Heikki
    Korpela, Jaana
    Toriola, Adetunji T
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Toniolo, Paolo
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Surcel, Heljä-Marja
    Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Does Not Correlate with Risk for Maternal Breast Cancer: Results from the Finnish Maternity Cohort2017In: Cancer Research, ISSN 0008-5472, E-ISSN 1538-7445, Vol. 77, no 1, p. 134-141Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is necessary for the maintenance of early pregnancy and promotes normal breast cell differentiation. Administered hCG reduces risk of carcinogen-induced breast cancer in animal models, and higher circulating hCG concentrations were associated with significantly lower long-term risk of breast cancer in a prior nested case-control study. In this study, we investigated early-pregnancy hCG concentrations and subsequent breast cancer risk. We conducted a nested case-control study with 1,191 cases and 2,257 controls (matched on age and date at blood collection) in the Finnish Maternity Cohort, a cohort with serum samples from 98% of pregnancies registered in Finland since 1983. This study included women with a serum sample collected early (<140 days gestation) in their first pregnancy resulting in a live, term birth. Breast cancer cases were identified via the Finnish Cancer Registry. Age at breast cancer diagnosis ranged from 22 to 58 years (mean: 41 years). hCG was measured using a solid-phase competitive chemiluminescence assay. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. We observed no association between hCG and breast cancer risk, overall [Quartile 4 vs. 1, OR, 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94-1.39], by estrogen and progesterone receptor status, or by ages at first-term birth or diagnosis. Associations did not differ by time between pregnancy and diagnosis (e.g., <5 years, ORQ4 vs. Q1, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.64-1.89; ≥15 years, ORQ4 vs. Q1, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.86-2.13; pheterogeneity = 0.62). This large prospective study does not support an inverse relationship between early pregnancy serum hCG concentrations and breast cancer risk. 

  • 43. Fortner, Renée T.
    et al.
    Schock, Helena
    Le Cornet, Charlotte
    Hüsing, Anika
    Vitonis, Allison F.
    Johnson, Theron S.
    Fichorova, Raina N.
    Fashemi, Titilayo
    Yamamoto, Hidemi S.
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Hansen, Louise
    Overvad, Kim
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Kvaskoff, Marina
    Severi, Gianluca
    Boeing, Heiner
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Papatesta, Eleni-Maria
    La Vecchia, Carlo
    Palli, Domenico
    Sieri, Sabina
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Mattiello, Amalia
    Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte
    Peeters, Petra H.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(as)
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Quirós, J. Ramón
    Duell, Eric J.
    Sánchez, Maria-Jose
    Navarro, Carmen
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Larrañaga, Nerea
    Nodin, Björn
    Jirström, Karin
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Travis, Ruth C.
    Gunter, Marc
    Johansson, Mattias
    Dossus, Laure
    Merritt, Melissa A.
    Riboli, Elio
    Terry, Kathryn L.
    Cramer, Daniel W.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Ovarian cancer early detection by circulating CA125 in the context of anti-CA125 autoantibody levels: Results from the EPIC cohort2018In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 142, no 7, p. 1355-1360Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    CA125 is the best ovarian cancer early detection marker to date; however, sensitivity is limited and complementary markers are required to improve discrimination between ovarian cancer cases and non-cases. Anti-CA125 autoantibodies are observed in circulation. Our objective was to evaluate whether these antibodies (1) can serve as early detection markers, providing evidence of an immune response to a developing tumor, and (2) modify the discriminatory capacity of CA125 by either masking CA125 levels (resulting in lower discrimination) or acting synergistically to improve discrimination between cases and non-cases. We investigated these objectives using a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (EPIC) including 250 cases diagnosed within 4 years of blood collection and up to four matched controls. Circulating CA125 antigen and antibody levels were quantified using an electrochemiluminescence assay. Adjusted areas under the curve (aAUCs) by 2-year lag-time intervals were calculated using conditional logistic regression calibrated toward the absolute risk estimates from a pre-existing epidemiological risk model as an offset-variable. Anti-CA125 levels alone did not discriminate cases from controls. For cases diagnosed <2 years after blood collection, discrimination by CA125 antigen was suggestively higher with higher anti-CA125 levels (aAUC, highest antibody tertile: 0.84 [0.76-0.92]; lowest tertile: 0.76 [0.67-0.86]; p(het)=0.06). We provide the first evidence of potentially synergistic discrimination effects of CA125 and anti-CA125 antibodies in ovarian early detection. If these findings are replicated, evaluating CA125 in the context of its antibody may improve ovarian cancer early detection. What's new? Although CA125, a mucin produced in epithelial cells, is a known marker for ovarian cancer, complementary biomarkers are necessary for reliable early cancer detection. Here, the authors examined autoantibodies against CA125 as potential pre-diagnosis markers. Although anti-CA125 levels did not discriminate between ovarian cases and controls, discrimination of CA125 differed by levels of its antibody, with the highest discrimination among women with the highest antibody levels. The authors propose that CA125 and anti-CA125 may act synergistically for ovarian cancer early detection.

  • 44. Friedenreich, Christine
    et al.
    Cust, Anne
    Lahmann, Petra H
    Steindorf, Karen
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
    Mesrine, Sylvie
    Linseisen, Jakob
    Rohrmann, Sabine
    Boeing, Heiner
    Pischon, Tobias
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Halkjaer, Jytte
    Overvad, Kim
    Mendez, Michelle
    Redondo, M L
    Garcia, Carmen Martinez
    Larrañaga, Nerea
    Tormo, María-José
    Gurrea, Aurelio Barricarte
    Bingham, Sheila
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Allen, Naomi
    Key, Tim
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Vasilopoulou, Effie
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Pala, Valeria
    Palli, Domenico
    Tumino, Rosario
    Mattiello, Amalia
    Vineis, Paolo
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Peeters, Petra H M
    Berglund, Göran
    Manjer, Jonas
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Slimani, Nadia
    Jenab, Mazda
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Riboli, Elio
    Anthropometric factors and risk of endometrial cancer: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition.2007In: Cancer Causes and Control, ISSN 0957-5243, E-ISSN 1573-7225, Vol. 18, no 4, p. 399-413Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between anthropometry and endometrial cancer, particularly by menopausal status and exogenous hormone use subgroups. METHODS: Among 223,008 women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, there were 567 incident endometrial cancer cases during 6.4 years of follow-up. The analysis was performed with Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS: Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were strongly associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer. The relative risk (RR) for obese (BMI 30- < 40 kg/m(2)) compared to normal weight (BMI < 25) women was 1.78, 95% CI = 1.41-2.26, and for morbidly obese women (BMI > or = 40) was 3.02, 95% CI = 1.66-5.52. The RR for women with a waist circumference of > or =88 cm vs. <80 cm was 1.76, 95% CI = 1.42-2.19. Adult weight gain of > or =20 kg compared with stable weight (+/-3 kg) increased risk independent of body weight at age 20 (RR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.11-2.77). These associations were generally stronger for postmenopausal than premenopausal women, and oral contraceptives never-users than ever-users, and much stronger among never-users of hormone replacement therapy compared to ever-users. CONCLUSION: Obesity, abdominal adiposity, and adult weight gain were strongly associated with endometrial cancer risk. These associations were particularly evident among never-users of hormone replacement therapy.

  • 45. Gram, Inger T
    et al.
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Brill, Ilene
    Braaten, Tonje
    Lund, Eiliv
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences.
    Overvad, Kim
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Chabbert-Buffet, Nathalie
    Bamia, Christina
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Zylis, Dimosthenis
    Masala, Giovanna
    Berrino, Franco
    Galasso, Rocco
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Gavrilyuk, Oxana
    Kristiansen, Steinar
    Rodríguez, Laudina
    Bonet, Catalina
    Huerta, José María
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Sánchez, Maria-José
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Jirström, Karin
    Almquist, Martin
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Braem, Marie
    Onland-Moret, Charlotte
    Tsilidis, Konstantinos K
    Allen, Naomi E
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Riboli, E
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Cigarette smoking and risk of histological subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer in the EPIC cohort study2012In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 130, no 9, p. 2204-2210Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    New data regarding a positive association between smoking and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), especially the mucinous tumor type, has started to emerge. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between different measures of smoking exposures and subtypes of EOC in a large cohort of women from 10 European countries. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort is a multicenter prospective study initiated in 1992. The questionnaires included data about dietary, lifestyle, and health factors. Information about cigarette smoking was collected from individuals in all participating countries. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate hazard ratio (HR) of EOC overall and serous, mucinous, and endometroid histological subtypes, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with different measures of smoking exposures adjusting for confounding variables. Altogether 836 incident EOC cases were identified among 326,831 women. The tumors were classified as 400 serous, 83 mucinous, 80 endometroid, 35 clear cell, and 238 unspecified. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had a significantly increased risk for mucinous tumors [HR = 1.85 (95% CI 1.08-3.16)] and those smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day had a doubling in risk [HR = 2.25(95% CI 1.26-4.03)] as did those who had smoked less than 15 pack-years of cigarettes [HR = 2.18 (95% CI 1.07-4.43)]. The results from the EPIC study add further evidence that smoking increases risk of mucinous ovarian cancer and support the notion that the effect of smoking varies according to histological subtype.

  • 46.
    Hathaway, Cassandra A.
    et al.
    Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, FL, Tampa, United States.
    Rice, Megan S.
    Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, United States.
    Townsend, Mary K.
    Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, FL, Tampa, United States.
    Hankinson, Susan E.
    Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, Amherst, United States.
    Arslan, Alan A.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Health, NY, New York, United States; Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, NY, New York, United States; NYU Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY, New York, United States.
    Buring, Julie E.
    Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, Boston, United States.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Idahl, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Kubzansky, Laura D.
    Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, Boston, United States.
    Lee, I-Min
    Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, Boston, United States.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Sluss, Patrick M.
    Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, Boston, United States.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, NY, New York, United States; NYU Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY, New York, United States.
    Tworoger, Shelley S.
    Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, FL, Tampa, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, Boston, United States.
    Prolactin and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer2021In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, ISSN 1055-9965, E-ISSN 1538-7755, Vol. 30, no 9, p. 1652-1659Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Prolactin is synthesized in the ovaries and may play a role in ovarian cancer etiology. One prior prospective study observed a suggestive positive association between prolactin levels and risk of ovarian cancer.

    Methods: Weconducted a pooled case-control study of 703 cases and 864 matched controls nested within five prospective cohorts. We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between prolactin and ovarian cancer risk. We examined heterogeneity by menopausal status at blood collection, body mass index (BMI), age, and histotype.

    Results: Among women with known menopausal status, we observed a positive trend in the association between prolactin and ovarian cancer risk (Ptrend = 0.045; OR, quartile 4 vs. 1 = 1.34; 95% CI = 0.97–1.85), but no significant association was observed for premenopausal or postmenopausal women individually (corresponding OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.74–2.58; Ptrend = 0.32 and OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 0.93–2.13; Ptrend = 0.08, respectively; Pheterogeneity = 0.91). In stratified analyses, we observed a positive association between prolactin and risk for women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, but not BMI < 25 kg/m2 (corresponding OR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.56–4.59; Ptrend < 0.01 and OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.58–1.40; Ptrend = 0.98, respectively; Pheterogeneity < 0.01). Associations did not vary by age, postmenopausal hormone therapy use, histotype, or time between blood draw and diagnosis.

    Conclusions: We found a trend between higher prolactin levels and increased ovarian cancer risk, especially among women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.

    Impact: This work supports a previous study linking higher prolactin with ovarian carcinogenesis in a high adiposity setting. Future work is needed to understand the mechanism underlying this association.

  • 47. Holl, Katsiaryna
    et al.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Kaasila, Marjo
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Afanasyeva, Yelena
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Lehtinen, Matti
    Pukkala, Eero
    Surcel, Helja-Marja
    Toniolo, Paolo
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Koskela, Pentti
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Effect of long-term storage on hormone measurements in samples from pregnant women: the experience of the Finnish Maternity Cohort2008In: Acta Oncologica, ISSN 0284-186X, E-ISSN 1651-226X, Vol. 47, no 3, p. 406-412Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Validity of biobank studies on hormone associated cancers depend on the extent the sample preservation is affecting the hormone measurements. We investigated the effect of long-term storage (up to 22 years) on immunoassay measurements of three groups of hormones and associated proteins: sex-steroids [estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)], pregnancy-specific hormones [human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), placental growth hormone (pGH), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)], and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family hormones exploiting the world largest serum bank, the Finnish Maternity Cohort (FMC). Hormones of interest were analyzed in a random sample of 154 Finnish women in the median age (29.5 years, range 25 to 34 years) of their first pregnancy with serum samples drawn during the first trimester. All hormone measurements were performed using commercial enzyme-linked- or radio-immunoassays. Storage time did not correlate with serum levels of testosterone, DHEAS, hCG, pGH and total IGFBP-1. It had a weak or moderate negative correlation with serum levels of progesterone (Spearman's ranked correlation coefficient (rs)=− 0.36), IGF-I (rs=−0.23) and IGF binding protein (BP)-3 (rs=−0.38), and weak positive correlation with estradiol (rs=0.23), SHBG (rs=0.16), AFP (rs=0.20) and non-phosphorylated IGF binding protein (BP)-1 (rs=0.27). The variation of all hormone levels studied followed the kinetics reported for early pregnancy. Bench-lag time (the time between sample collection and freezing for storage) did not materially affect the serum hormone levels. In conclusion, the stored FMC serum samples can be used to study hormone-disease associations, but close matching for storage time and gestational day are necessary design components of all related biobank studies.

  • 48. Holl, Katsiaryna
    et al.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Surcel, Heljä-Marja
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Koskela, Pentti
    Dillner, Joakim
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Wadell, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Olafsdottir, Gudridur H
    Ogmundsdottir, Helga M
    Pukkala, Eero
    Lehtinen, Matti
    Stattin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Endogenous steroid hormone levels in early pregnancy and risk of testicular cancer in the offspring: A nested case-referent study.2009In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 124, no 12, p. 2923-2928Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    According to the leading hypothesis on testicular cancer (TC) etiology exposure to a specific pattern of steroid hormones in utero, in particular, to high levels of estrogens and low levels of androgens is the major determinant of TC risk in the offspring. We performed a case-referent study nested within Finnish, Swedish and Icelandic maternity cohorts exploiting early pregnancy serum samples to evaluate the role of maternal endogenous steroid hormones with regard to the risk of TC. TC cases and referents were aged between 0 and 25 years. For each case-index mother pair, three or four matched referent-referent mother pairs were identified using national population registries. First trimester or early second trimester sera were retrieved from the index mothers of 73 TC cases and 286 matched referent mothers, and were tested for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol, estrone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Offspring of mothers with high DHEAS levels had a significantly decreased risk of TC (OR for highest vs. lowest DHEAS quartile, 0.18 (95% CI 0.06-0.58). In contrast, offspring of mothers with high androstenedione levels had an increased risk of TC (OR 4.1; 95% CI 1.2-12.0). High maternal total estradiol level also tended to be associated with an increased risk of TC in the offspring (OR 32; 95% CI 0.98-1,090). We report the first direct evidence that interplay of maternal steroid hormones in the early pregnancy is important in the etiology of TC in the offspring. (c) 2009 UICC.

  • 49. Hunt, Kelly J
    et al.
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Norat, Teresa
    Palmqvist, Richard
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Stattin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Riboli, Elio
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    A potential inverse association between insulin-like growth factor I and hypertension in a cross-sectional study.2006In: Annals of Epidemiology, ISSN 1047-2797, E-ISSN 1873-2585, Vol. 16, no 7, p. 563-571Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 50.
    Idahl, Annika
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Le Cornet, C.
    Maldonado, S. González
    Waterboer, T.
    Bender, N.
    Tjønneland, A.
    Hansen, L.
    Boutron-Ruault, M-C
    Fournier, A.
    Kvaskoff, M.
    Boeing, H.
    Trichopoulou, A.
    Valanou, E.
    Peppa, E.
    Palli, D.
    Agnoli, C.
    Mattiello, A.
    Tumino, R.
    Sacerdote, C.
    Onland-Moret, C.
    Gram, I. T.
    Weiderpass, E.
    Quirós, J. R.
    Duell, E. J.
    Sánchez, M-J
    Chirlaque, M-D
    Barricarte, A.
    Gil, L.
    Brändstedt, J.
    Riesbeck, K.
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences.
    Khaw, K-T
    Perez-Cornago, A.
    Gunter, M.
    Dossus, L.
    Kaaks, R.
    Fortner, R. Turzanski
    Serologic markers of Chlamydia trachomatis and other sexually transmitted infections and subsequent ovarian cancer risk: results from the EPIC cohort2019In: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, ISSN 1048-891X, E-ISSN 1525-1438, Vol. 29, p. A473-A474Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction/Background Sexually transmitted infections (STI) and pelvic inflammatory disease may cause damage to the fallopian tube where a substantial proportion of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) likely arises. The aim of this study was to determine whether Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies are associated with higher EOC risk. As secondary objectives, we investigated Mycoplasma genitalium,herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, 18 and 45 and EOC risk.

    Methodology In a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort,791 cases and 1,669 matched controls with pre-diagnosis blood samples were analyzed. Cases and controls were matched on study center, and at blood collection age, time of day, fasting status, exogenous hormone use, menopausal status, and menstrual cycle phase. Antibodies against C. trachomatisM. genitalium, HSV-2, and HPV 16, 18 and 45 (E6, E7, L1) were assessed using multiplex fluorescent bead-based serology. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals [CI] comparing women with positive vs. negative serology.

    Results A total of 40% of the study population was seropositive to at least one STI. Positive serology to C. trachomatis Pgp3 antibodies was not associated with EOC risk overall, but was associated with higher risk of the mucinous histotype (RR=2.56 [95% CI=1.3–5.05]). Positive serology for chlamydia heat shock protein 60 (cHSP60-1), produced during persistent infection, was associated with higher risk of EOC overall (1.33 [1.09–1.62]) and of the serous subtype (1.42 [1.09–1.84]). None of the other evaluated STIs were associated with EOC risk overall; in analyses by histotype, HSV-2 was associated with higher risk of endometrioid EOC (2.93 [1.50–5.74]).

    Conclusion C. trachomatis infection may influence carcinogenesis of serous and mucinous EOC, while HSV-2 might promote endometrioid disease. Mechanisms linking STIs to EOC need to be further elucidated.

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