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  • 1.
    Blomstedt, Patric
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Fytagoridis, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Linder, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Forsgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Hariz, Marwan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Unilateral caudal Zona incerta deep brain stimulation for Parkinsonian tremor2012Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 18, nr 10, s. 1062-1066Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The subthalamic nucleus is currently the target of choice in deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD), while thalamic DBS is used in some cases of tremor-dominant PD. Recently, a number of studies have presented promising results from DBS in the posterior subthalamic area, including the caudal zona incerta (cZi). The aim of the current study was to evaluate cZi DBS in tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease.

    Methods: 14 patients with predominately unilateral tremor-dominant PD and insufficient relief from pharmacologic therapy were included and evaluated according to the motor part of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The mean age was 65 ± 6.1 years and the disease duration 7 ± 5.7 years. Thirteen patients were operated on with unilateral cZi DBS and 1 patient with a bilateral staged procedure. Five patients had non-L-dopa responsive symptoms. The patients were evaluated on/off medication before surgery and on/off medication and stimulation after a minimum of 12 months after surgery.

    Results: At the follow-up after a mean of 18.1 months stimulation in the off-medication state improved the contralateral UPDRS III score by 47.7%. Contralateral tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia were improved by 82.2%, 34.3%, and 26.7%, respectively. Stimulation alone abolished tremor at rest in 10 (66.7%) and action tremor in 8 (53.3%) of the patients.

    Conclusion: Unilateral cZi DBS seems to be safe and effective for patients with severe Parkinsoniantremor. The effects on rigidity and bradykinesia were, however, not as profound as in previous reports of DBS in this area.

  • 2.
    Blomstedt, Patric
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurokirurgi.
    Hariz, Gun-Marie
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Arbetsterapi.
    Hariz, Marwan I
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurokirurgi.
    Pallidotomy versus pallidal stimulation2006Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 12, nr 5, s. 296-301Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Both posteroventral pallidotomy and pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) have a documented effect on Parkinsonian symptoms. DBS is more costly and more laborious than pallidotomy. The aim of this study was to analyse the respective long-term effect of each surgical procedure on contralateral symptoms in the same patients. Five consecutive patients, two women and three men, who at first surgery had a mean age of 64 years and a mean duration of disease of 18 years, received a pallidotomy contralateral to the more symptomatic side of the body. At a mean of 14 months later, the same patients received a pallidal DBS on the side contralateral to the pallidotomy. All patients had on–off phenomena and dyskinesias. There were three left-sided and two right-sided pallidotomies, and, subsequently, two left-sided and three right-sided pallidal DBS. The latest evaluation was performed 37 months (range 22–60) after the pallidotomy and 22 months (range 12–33) after the pallidal DBS. Mean UPDRS motor score pre-operatively was 49 and at last follow-up 33 (32.7% improvement, p<0.05). Appendicular items 20–26 contralateral to pallidotomy remained improved more significantly than contralateral to DBS. Dyskinesia scores were also improved more markedly contralateral to the pallidotomy. Two patients exhibited moderate dysarthria and one patient severe dysphonia following DBS. Symptoms contralateral to the chronologically older pallidotomy, especially dyskinesias, rigidity and tremor, were still more improved than symptoms contralateral to the more recent pallidal DBS, despite numerous post-operative patient visits to optimise stimulation parameters.

  • 3.
    Blomstedt, Patric
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurokirurgi.
    Hariz, Marwan I
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurokirurgi.
    Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders before DBS for movement disorders2010Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 16, nr 7, s. 429-433Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor and dystonia. It is generally acknowledged that the development of DBS as we know it today started with the publication of Benabid, Pollak et al in 1987 on thalamic DBS for tremor. This technique gained momentum in the mid-Nineties after that Pollak and Benabid introduced the subthalamic nucleus as a target in advanced PD. This paper reviews the gestational pre-natal era of deep brain stimulation, before 1987. The origin of DBS can be traced back to the practice of intra-operative electrical stimulation, used for target exploration prior to lesioning, during the early years of stereotactic functional neurosurgery. During the 60s, Sem-Jacobsen and others implanted externalised electrodes which were used for intermittent stimulation and evaluation during weeks or months, prior to subsequent ablation of thalamic and other basal ganglia targets. In the early 70s Bechtereva treated PD patients using "therapeutic electrical stimulation" through electrodes implanted for up to 1.5 years. In the late 70s and early 80s the term Deep Brain Stimulation was coined and few groups attempted treatment of Parkinson's disease, non-Parkinsonian tremor and dystonia with high-frequency stimulation using chronically implanted DBS systems. Cumbersome, un-sophisticated DBS hardware, together with the general decline of all surgery for PD following the introduction of levodopa, may have contributed to the lack of popularity of old-times DBS. It is to the credit of the Grenoble Group to have reinvented, modernised and expanded modern DBS in surgical treatment of movement disorders.

  • 4.
    Blomstedt, Patric
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Hariz, Marwan I
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurokirurgi.
    Silberstein, P
    Lees, A
    Limousin, P
    Yelnik, J
    Agid, Y
    Acute severe depression induced by intraoperative stimulation of the Substatia Nigra: a case-report2008Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 14, nr 3, s. 253-256Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a 62 years old man with Parkinson's disease (PD) who underwent bilateral stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). During the intraoperative evaluation, stimulation through the lowest contact in the right STN area, induced an acute depressive state, during which the patient was crying and expressing that he did not want to live. The patient returned to his normal state of mood within seconds after the cessation of stimulation. Repeated blinded stimulations resulted in the same response. Immediate postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that the lowest contact of the right electrode was located in the substantia nigra.

  • 5.
    Blomstedt, Patric
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurokirurgi.
    Sandvik, Ulrika
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurokirurgi.
    Hariz, Marwan
    UCL Insitute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, Uk.
    Fytagoridis, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurokirurgi.
    Forsgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Hariz, Gun-Marie
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Arbetsterapi.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurokirurgi.
    Influence of age, gender and severity of tremor on outcome after thalamic and subthalamic DBS for essential tremor2011Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 17, nr 8, s. 617-620Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for essential tremor (ET). The nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami (Vim) is the target of choice, but promising results have been presented regarding DBS in the posterior subthalamic area (PSA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible influence of gender, age and severity of disease on the outcome of these procedures. Sixty eight patients (34 Vim, 34 PSA) with ET were included in this non-randomised study. Evaluation using the Essential Tremor Rating Scale (ETRS) was performed before, and one year after surgery concerning PSA DBS, and at a mean of 28 ± 24 months concerning Vim DBS. Items 5/6 and 11-14 (hand tremor and hand function) were selected for analysis of tremor outcome. The efficacy of DBS on essential tremor was not related to age or gender. Nor was it associated with the severity of tremor when the percentual reduction of tremor on stimulation was taken into account. However, patients with a more severe tremor at baseline had a higher degree of residual tremor on stimulation. Tremor in the treated hand and hand function were improved with 70% in the Vim group and 89% in the PSA group.

  • 6. Cappon, Davide
    et al.
    Beigi, Mazda
    Kefalopoulou, Zinovia
    Zrinzo, Ludvic
    Candelario, Joseph
    Milabo, Catherine
    Akram, Harith
    Dayal, Viswas
    Hyam, Jonathan
    Kass-Iliyya, Lewis
    Silverdale, Monty
    Evans, Julian
    Limousin, Patricia
    Hariz, Marwan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap. Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
    Joyce, Eileen
    Foltynie, Thomas
    Jahanshahi, Marjan
    Globus pallidal deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome: Effects on cognitive function2019Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 69, s. 14-18Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: In a double-blind randomized crossover trial, we previously established that bilateral deep brain stimulation of the anteromedial globus pallidus internus (GPiam-DBS) is effective in significantly reducing tic severity in patients with refractory Tourette syndrome (TS). Here, we report the effects of bilateral GPiam-DBS on cognitive function in 11 of the 13 patients who had participated in our double-blind cross-over trial of GPi-DBS.

    Methods: Patients were assessed at baseline (4 weeks prior to surgery) and at the end of each of the three-month blinded periods, with stimulation either ON or OFF. The patients were evaluated on tests of memory (California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II); Corsi blocks; Short Recognition Memory for Faces), executive function (D-KEFS Stroop color-word interference, verbal fluency, Trail-making test, Hayling Sentence Completion test), and attention (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, Numbers and Letters Test).

    Results: GPiam-DBS did not produce any significant change in global cognition. Relative to pre-operative baseline assessment verbal episodic memory on the CVLT-II and set-shifting on the Trail-making Test were improved with DBS OFF. Performance on the cognitive tests were not different with DBS ON versus DBS OFF. GPiam-DBS did not alter aspects of cognition that are impaired in TS such as inhibition on the Stroop interference task or the Hayling Sentence Completion test.

    Conclusions: This study extends previous findings providing data showing that GPiam-DBS does not adversely affect cognitive domains such as memory, executive function, verbal fluency, attention, psychomotor speed, and information processing. These results indicate that GPiam-DBS does not produce any cognitive deficits in TS.

  • 7.
    Eriksson Domellöf, Magdalena
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Lundin, Karl-Fredrik
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Edström, Mona
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Forsgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Olfactory dysfunction and dementia in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease2017Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 38, s. 41-47Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Studies report that up to 90% of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) have olfactory dysfunction (hyposmia). Hyposmia has also been connected to cognitive impairment and dementia in PD, but no studies of newly diagnosed patients followed longer than three years exists. The present study investigates the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction at PD diagnosis, how it evolves over time and whether hyposmia increases the risk of dementia in Parkinson's disease.

    METHODS: Olfactory function was assessed with Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) in 125 newly diagnosed patients with PD. They were followed for a maximum of 10 years (median six years) with extensive investigations at baseline, 12, 36, 60 and 96 months. Patients with B-SIT<9 were considered hyposmic.

    RESULTS: Hyposmia was found in 73% of the patients at diagnosis. During the follow up period of ten years 42 (46%) patients with hyposmia at baseline developed dementia compared to seven (21%) of the normosmic patients. Cox proportional hazards model showed that hyposmia at baseline (controlled for age, gender, UPDRS III and Mild Cognitive Impairment) increased the risk of developing dementia (hazard ratio (95%CI): 3.29 (1.44-7.52), p = 0.005). Only one of 22 patients with normal cognition and normal olfaction at baseline developed dementia.

    CONCLUSIONS: Olfactory dysfunction was common at the time of PD diagnosis and increased the risk of dementia up to ten years after PD diagnosis regardless of baseline cognitive function. Normal olfaction together with normal cognition at baseline predicted a benign cognitive course up to ten years after diagnosis.

  • 8.
    Hariz, Gun-Marie
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Arbetsterapi. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Hariz, Marwan I
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurokirurgi.
    Gender distribution in surgery for Parkinson's disease.2000Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 6, nr 3, s. 155-157Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Parkinson's disease (PD) affects both women and men. The surgical treatment of this disease has experienced a worldwide increase since the mid-eighties. In order to document eventual differences in gender distribution of patients undergoing various stereotactic surgical procedures for PD, we reviewed scientific papers published during the last 14years.A literature search provided 145 clinical papers, published between January 1985 and February 1999, and dealing with pallidotomy, thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation procedures. These papers were scrutinised with respect to redundancies or other overlap of reported patients. The resulting numbers of patients were compiled according to gender, to surgical procedure, and to geographic area of origin of the publishing centers.In one third of the reviewed publications the gender of the patients was not specified. In the remaining papers, the overall sex distribution of patients who underwent surgery was 35% females and 65% males. These proportions between sexes were relatively consistent regardless of surgical procedure, and regardless of geographic origin of the publications.Male preponderance in patients undergoing surgery for PD cannot be explained by a corresponding difference in gender-prevalence of the disease. The criteria of selection, and patterns of referral, of patients for surgery, as well as the respective attitude of female and male patients toward surgery, may account for the uneven gender distribution in surgical PD patients.

  • 9.
    Hariz, Gun-Marie
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Arbetsterapi. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Nakajama, Takeshi
    UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
    Limousin, Patricia
    UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
    Foltynie, Tom
    UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
    Zrinzo, Ludvic
    UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
    Jahanshahi, Marjan
    UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
    Hamberg, Katarina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Allmänmedicin.
    Gender distribution of patients with Parkinson's disease treated with subthalamic deep brain stimulation: a review of the 2000-2009 literature2011Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 17, nr 3, s. 146-149Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been the mainstream surgical procedure for advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) during the last decade. Reports from a few individual centres have hinted that women who receive STN DBS are under-represented. We aimed to evaluate the gender distribution of patients with PD who had received STN DBS during the last ten years, and to discuss the findings in relation to studies on gender prevalence of PD.

    Methods: A search of the PubMed database of clinical papers in English language related to STN DBS between 2000 and 2009 was conducted. Care was taken to minimize redundancies in reporting of published patients. The proportion of men and women were expressed in total and according to pre-defined geographic regions.

    Results: One hundred and thirty five papers were eligible for review. The gender of the patients was specified in 119 papers on a total of 3880 patients, of which 63% were men. According to geographic origin of publications, the percentage of men with STN DBS was 68% in North America, 62% in Europe, 69% in Australia and 50% in Asia.

    Conclusions: The proportion of male patients who undergo STN DBS seems to exceed the reported male/female ratio of patients with PD.

  • 10.
    Hariz, Gun-Marie
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering.
    Rehncrona, Stig
    Blomstedt, Patric
    Limousin, Patricia
    Hamberg, Katarina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Allmänmedicin.
    Hariz, Marwan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap. UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
    Women pioneers in basal ganglia surgery2014Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 20, nr 2, s. 137-141Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Stereotactic functional neurosurgery on basal ganglia has a long history and the pioneers are mostly men. We aimed at finding out if there were women who have contributed pioneering work in this field. Methods: The literature was searched to identify women who have been first to publish innovative papers related to human basal ganglia surgery. Results: Six women fulfilling our criteria were found: Marion Smith, a British neuropathologist, made unique observations on stereotactic lesions of basal ganglia and thalamus on autopsied brains, and the lesions' relation to the reported clinical outcome. Natalia Bechtereva, a Russian neurophysiologist, pioneered the technique of therapeutic chronic deep brain stimulation to treat various brain disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Denise Albe-Fessard, a French neurophysiologist, pioneered the technique of microelectrode recording (MER) in stereotactic functional neurosurgery. Gunvor Kullberg, a Swedish neurosurgeon, contributed in early CT imaging as well as early functional imaging of stereotactic lesions in PD and psychiatric patients. Hilda Molina, a Cuban neurosurgeon, established the Centro Internacional de Restauracion Neurologica (CIREN) and pioneered there MER-guided transplant surgery in PD patients. Veerle Vandewalle, a Belgian neurosurgeon, pioneered in 1999 deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Tourette Syndrome. Conclusion: Although men constitute the great majority of neurosurgeons, neurologists and other neuro-specialists who have made groundbreaking contributions in basal ganglia surgery, there are women who have made equally important and unique contributions to the field. The principal two techniques used today in functional stereotactic neurosurgery, MER and DBS, have once upon a time been pioneered by women. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 11.
    Hariz, Marwan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap. Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.
    Deep brain stimulation: new techniques2014Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 20, nr Suppl.1, s. S192-S196Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The technology of the hardware used in deep brain stimulation (DBS), and the mode of delivering the stimulation have not significantly evolved since the start of the modern era of DBS 25 years ago.However, new technology is now being developed along several avenues. New features of the implantable pulse generator (IPG) allow fractionation of the electric current into variable proportions between different contacts of the multi-polar lead. Another design consists in leads that allow selective current steering from directionally placed electrode contacts that would deliver the stimulation in a specific direction or even create a directional shaped electric field that would conform to the anatomy of the brain target aimed at, avoiding adjacent structures, and thus avoiding side effects.Closed loop adaptive stimulation technologies are being developed, allowing a tracking of the pathological local field potential of the brain target, and delivering automatically the stimulation to suppress the pathological activity as soon as it is detected and for as long as needed. This feature may contribute to a DBS therapy "on demand", instead of continuously.Finally, advances in imaging technology are providing "new" brain targets, and increasingly allowing DBS to be performed accurately while avoiding the risks of microelectrode recording. 

  • 12.
    Karlsson, Fredrik
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Logopedi.
    Blomstedt, Patric
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Olofsson, Katarina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Öron- näs- och halssjukdomar.
    Linder, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Nordh, Erik
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    van Doorn, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Logopedi.
    Control of phonatory onset and offset in Parkinson patients following deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and caudal Zona Incerta2012Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 18, nr 7, s. 824-827Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Laryngeal hypokinesia is a common symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD) that affects quality of life. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is well recognized as a complementary method for treatment of motor symptoms in PD but the outcomes on patients’ control over phonatory alternation have yet not been clearly elucidated. The present study examined the effect of subthalamic nucleus STN-DBS (n=8, aged 51-72 yrs; median=63 yrs) and caudal Zona incerta cZi-DBS (n=8,aged 49-71 yrs; median=61 yrs) on control of onset and offset of phonation in connected speech. The patients were evaluated in a preoperatively (Med ON, 1.5 times the ordinary Levodopa dose) and 12 months postoperatively (Med ON, ordinary Levodopa dose). The results provided evidence of a progressive reduction in the ability to manifest alternations between voicing and voiceless states in a reading task. Mean proportion produced with inappropriate voicing increased from 47.6% to 55.3% and from 62.9% to 68.6% of the total duration for the two groups of patients between Pre-op and Post-op, Stim OFF evaluations. The medial and final parts of the fricative were more affected than the initial part, indicating an increased voicing lead into the following vowel. We propose that this reduction in phonatory control is be due to either progression of the disease, an effect of reduced Levodopa dosage or a microlesional effect. Patients’ proficiency in alternating between voiced and voiceless states in connected speech remained unaffected by both STN-DBS and cZi-DBS.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    PRD_1780
  • 13.
    Lenfeldt, Niklas
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Larsson, Anne
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Nyberg, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Diagnostisk radiologi. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för integrativ medicinsk biologi (IMB), Fysiologi.
    Birgander, Richard
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Diagnostisk radiologi.
    Forsgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Diffusion measures in early stage parkinsonism: controversial findings including hemispheric lateralisation2013Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 19, nr 4, s. 469-471Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 14. Magdalinou, N. K.
    et al.
    Noyce, A. J.
    Pinto, Rui
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen.
    Lindstrom, E.
    Holmen-Larsson, J.
    Holtta, M.
    Blennow, K.
    Morris, H. R.
    Skillback, T.
    Warner, T. T.
    Lees, A. J.
    Pike, I.
    Ward, M.
    Zetterberg, H.
    Gobom, J.
    Identification of candidate cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in parkinsonism using quantitative proteomics2017Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 37, s. 65-71Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndromes have significant clinical and pathological overlap, making early diagnosis difficult. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers may aid the differentiation of these disorders, but other than a-synuclein and neurofilament light chain protein, which have limited diagnostic power, specific protein biomarkers remain elusive. Objectives: To study disease mechanisms and identify possible CSF diagnostic biomarkers through discovery proteomics, which discriminate parkinsonian syndromes from healthy controls. Methods: CSF was collected consecutively from 134 participants; Parkinson's disease (n = 26), atypical parkinsonian syndromes (n = 78, including progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 36), multiple system atrophy (n = 28), corticobasal syndrome (n = 14)), and elderly healthy controls (n = 30). Participants were divided into a discovery and a validation set for analysis. The samples were subjected to tryptic digestion, followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis for identification and relative quantification by isobaric labelling. Candidate protein biomarkers were identified based on the relative abundances of the identified tryptic peptides. Their predictive performance was evaluated by analysis of the validation set. Results: 79 tryptic peptides, derived from 26 proteins were found to differ significantly between atypical parkinsonism patients and controls. They included acute phase/inflammatory markers and neuronal/synaptic markers, which were respectively increased or decreased in atypical parkinsonism, while their levels in PD subjects were intermediate between controls and atypical parkinsonism. Conclusion: Using an unbiased proteomic approach, proteins were identified that were able to differentiate atypical parkinsonian syndrome patients from healthy controls. Our study indicates that markers that may reflect neuronal function and/or plasticity, such as the amyloid precursor protein, and inflammatory markers may hold future promise as candidate biomarkers in parkinsonism.

  • 15. Patil, Ketan S.
    et al.
    Basak, Indranil
    Dalen, Ingvild
    Hoedt, Esthelle
    Lange, Johannes
    Lunde, Kristin A.
    Liu, Ying
    Tysnes, Ole-Bjørn
    Forsgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Aarsland, Dag
    Neubert, Thomas A.
    Larsen, Jan Petter
    Alves, Guido
    Møller, Simon Geir
    Combinatory microRNA serum signatures as classifiers of Parkinson's disease2019Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 64, s. 202-210Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: As current clinical diagnostic protocols for Parkinson's disease (PD) may be prone to inaccuracies there is a need to identify and validate molecular biomarkers, such as circulating microRNAs, which will complement current practices and increase diagnostic accuracy. This study identifies, verifies and validates combinatory serum microRNA signatures as diagnostic classifiers of PD across different patient cohorts. Methods: 370 PD (drug naive) and control serum samples from the Norwegian ParkWest study were used for identification and verification of differential microRNA levels in PD which were validated in a blind study using 64 NY Parkinsonism in UMea (NYPUM) study serum samples and tested for specificity in 48 Dementia Study of Western Norway (DemWest) study Alzheimer's disease (AD) serum samples using miRNA-microarrays, and quantitative (q) RT-PCR. Proteomic approaches identified potential molecular targets for these microRNAs. Results: Using Affymetrix GeneChip (R) miRNA 4.0 arrays and qRT-PCR we comprehensively analyzed serum microRNA levels and found that the microRNA (PARKmiR)-combinations, hsa-miR-335-5p/hsa-miR-3613-3p (95% CI, 0.87-0.94), hsa-miR-335-5p/hsa-miR-6865-3p (95% CI, 0.87-0.93), and miR-335-5p/miR-3613-3p/miR-6865-3p (95% CI, 0.87-0.94) show a high degree of discriminatory accuracy (AUC 0.9-1.0). The PARKmiR signatures were validated in an independent PD cohort (AUC <= 0.71) and analysis in AD serum samples showed PARKmiR signature specificity to PD. Proteomic analyses showed that the PAFtKmiRs regulate key PD-associated proteins, including alpha-synuclein and Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2. Conclusions: Our study has identified and validated unique miRNA serum signatures that represent PD classifiers, which may complement and increase the accuracy of current diagnostic protocols.

  • 16. Puschmann, Andreas
    et al.
    Jimenez-Ferrer, Itzia
    Lundblad-Andersson, Elin
    Martensson, Emma
    Hansson, Oskar
    Odin, Per
    Widner, Håkan
    Brolin, Kajsa
    Mzezewa, Ropafadzo
    Kristensen, Jonas
    Soller, Maria
    Ygland Rödström, Emil
    Ross, Owen A.
    Toft, Mathias
    Breedveld, Guido J.
    Bonifati, Vincenzo
    Brodin, Lovisa
    Zettergren, Anna
    Sydow, Olof
    Linder, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Wirdefeldt, Karin
    Svenningsson, Per
    Nissbrandt, Hans
    Belin, Andrea Carmine
    Forsgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Swanberg, Maria
    Low prevalence of known pathogenic mutations in dominant PD genes: A Swedish multicenter study2019Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 66, s. 158-165Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To determine the frequency of mutations known to cause autosomal dominant Parkinson disease (PD) in a series with more than 10% of Sweden's estimated number of PD patients.

    Methods: The Swedish Parkinson Disease Genetics Network was formed as a national multicenter consortium of clinical researchers who together have access to DNA from a total of 2,206 PD patients; 85.4% were from population-based studies. Samples were analyzed centrally for known pathogenic mutations in SNCA (duplications/triplications, p.Ala30Pro, p.Ala53Thr) and LRRK2 (p.Asn1437His, p.Arg1441His, p.Tyr1699Cys, p.Gly2019Ser, p.Ile2020Thr). We compared the frequency of these mutations in Swedish patients with published PD series and the gnomAD database.

    Results: A family history of PD in first- and/or second-degree relatives was reported by 21.6% of participants. Twelve patients (0.54%) carried LRRK2 p.(Gly2019Ser) mutations, one patient (0.045%) an SNCA duplication. The frequency of LRRK2 p.(Gly2019Ser) carriers was 0.11% in a matched Swedish control cohort and a similar 0.098% in total gnomAD, but there was a marked difference between ethnicities in gnomAD, with 42-fold higher frequency among Ashkenazi Jews than all others combined.

    Conclusions: In relative terms, the LRRK2 p.(Gly2019Ser) variant is the most frequent mutation among Swedish or international PD patients, and in gnomAD. SNCA duplications were the second.most common of the mutations examined. In absolute terms, however, these known pathogenic variants in dominant PD genes are generally very rare and can only explain a minute fraction of familial aggregation of PD. Additional genetic and environmental mechanisms may explain the frequent co-occurrence of PD in close relatives.

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  • 17. Ramsay, Neil
    et al.
    Macleod, Angus D.
    Alves, Guido
    Camacho, Marta
    Forsgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Neurovetenskaper.
    Lawson, Rachael A.
    Maple-Grødem, Jodi
    Tysnes, Ole-Bjørn
    Williams-Gray, Caroline H.
    Yarnall, Alison J.
    Counsell, Carl E.
    Validation of a UPDRS-/MDS-UPDRS-based definition of functional dependency for Parkinson's disease2020Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 76, s. 49-53Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Functional dependency in basic activities of daily living (ADLs) is a key outcome in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to define dependency in PD, using the original and MDS versions of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).

    METHODS: We developed two algorithms to define dependency from items of UPDRS Part 2 and MDS-UPDRS Part 2 relating to basic ADLs (feeding, dressing, hygiene and walking, and getting out of a chair). We validated both algorithms using data from 1110 patients from six community-based PD incidence cohorts, testing concurrent validity, convergent validity, and predictive validity.

    RESULTS: Our optimal algorithm showed high specificity and moderate to high sensitivity versus Schwab & England <80% (specificity 95% [95% confidence interval (CI) 93-97] and sensitivity 65% [95% CI 55-73] at baseline; 88% [95% CI 85-91] and 85% [95% CI 79-97] respectively at five-years follow-up). Convergent validity was demonstrated by strong associations between dependency defined by the algorithm and cognition (MMSE), quality of life (PDQ39), and impairment (UPDRS part 3) (all p < 0.001). Algorithm-defined dependency status also predicted mortality: HR for mortality in those dependent vs independent at baseline was 1.6 (95%CI 1.2-2.1) and in those dependent vs independent at five-years' follow-up was 2.2 (1.6-3.0).

    DISCUSSION: We have demonstrated the concurrent validity, convergent validity, and predictive validity of a UPDRS-/MDS-UPDRS-based algorithm to define functional dependency in PD. This can be used for studying dependency in any study where UPDRS or MDS-UPDRS part 2 data have been collected.

  • 18. Rengmark, Aina
    et al.
    Pihlstrom, Lasse
    Linder, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Forsgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Toft, Mathias
    Low frequency of GCH1 and TH mutations in Parkinson's disease2016Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 29, s. 109-111Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The causes of Parkinson's disease (PD) are unknown in the majority of patients. TheGCH1 gene encodes GTP-cyclohydrolase I, an important enzyme in dopaminesynthesis. Co-occurrence of dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) and a PD phenotype has been reported in families with GCH1 mutations. Recently, rare coding variants in GCH1were found to be enriched in PD patients, indicating a role for the enzyme in theneurodegenerative process.

    Methods: To further elucidate the contribution of GCH1 mutations to sporadic PD, we examined its coding exons in a targeted deep sequencing study of 509 PD patients (mean age at onset 56.7 ± 12.0 years) and 230 controls. We further included the tyrosine hydroxylasegene TH, also known to cause DRD. Gene dose assessments were performed to screen for large copy number variants in a subset of 48 patients with early-onset PD.

    Results: No putatively pathogenic GCH1 mutations were found. The frequency of rare heterozygous variants in the TH gene was 0.69% (7/1018) in the patient group and 0.22% (1/460) in the control group (p = 0.45).

    Conclusions: Previous studies have found that coding variants in the GCH1 gene may be considered a risk factor for PD. Our study indicates that mutations in GCH1 are rare in late-onset PD. Several patients carried heterozygous variants in the TH gene that may affect protein function. Our study was not designed to determine with certainty if any of these variants play a role as risk factors for late-onset PD.

  • 19. Riso, Lukas
    et al.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Kuehn, Tilman
    Sookthai, Disorn
    Forsgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Enheten för biobanksforskning.
    Trupp, Miles
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Enheten för biobanksforskning.
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    La Vecchia, Carlo
    Karakatsani, Anna
    Gavrila, Diana
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Freisling, Heinz
    Petersson, Jesper
    Lewan, Susanne
    Vemeulen, Roel Ch.
    Panico, Salvatore
    Masala, Giovanna
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Perneczky, Robert
    Middleton, Lefkos T.
    Mokoroa, Olatz
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Sieri, Sabrina
    Hayat, Shabina A.
    Brayne, Carol
    Riboli, Elio
    Vineis, Paolo
    Gallo, Valentina
    Katzke, Verena A.
    General and abdominal adiposity and the risk of Parkinson's disease: A prospective cohort study2019Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 62, s. 98-104Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Due to demographic change, an increase in the frequency of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is expected in the future and, thus, the identification of modifiable risk factors is urgently needed. We aimed to examine the associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with incident PD. Methods: In 13 of the 23 centers of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, a total of 734 incident cases of PD were identified between 1992 and 2012 with a mean follow-up of 12 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We modelled anthropometric variables as continuous and categorical exposures and performed subgroup analyses by potential effect modifiers including sex and smoking. Results: We found no association between BMI, WC and incident PD, neither among men nor among women. Among never and former smokers, BMI and waist circumference were also not associated with PD risk. For male smokers, however, we observed a statistically significant inverse association between BMI and PD risk (HR 0.51, 95%CI: 0.30, 0.84) and the opposite for women, i.e. a significant direct association of BMI (HR 1.79, 95%CI: 1.04, 3.08) and waist circumference (HR 1.64, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.61) with risk of PD. Conclusion: Our data revealed no association between excess weight and PD risk but a possible interaction between anthropometry, sex and smoking.

  • 20.
    Sandström, Linda
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Logopedi.
    Blomstedt, Patric
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Karlsson, Fredrik
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Logopedi.
    Long-term effects of unilateral deep brain stimulation on voice tremor in patients with essential tremor2019Inngår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, ISSN 1353-8020, E-ISSN 1873-5126, Vol. 60, s. 70-75Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Voice tremor (VT) is a common symptom of Essential tremor (ET). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for ET overall, however, its effect on VT is less clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term effects of DBS on VT and to investigate how VT symptoms develop over time in patients with ET.

    METHODS: VT scores for the cohort of 81 ET patients that had undergone DBS surgery in the caudal zona incerta (cZi) were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-four patients had preoperative VT and long-term evaluations were available for 19 patients. Longitudinal effects of cZi-DBS were investigated 1, 3 and 5 years postoperatively. VT progression was evaluated based on preoperative-, and off stimulation postoperative assessments.

    RESULTS: Unilateral cZi-DBS reduced average voice tremor by 58% at the 3-year follow-up and by 67% 5 years after surgery. Four patterns of VT development were identified among patients, and the effectiveness of cZi-DBS in alleviating voice tremor symptoms showed differing patterns for these subgroups.

    CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective analysis of a small cohort of patients suggests that cZi-DBS may reduce VT in the long-term for patients with ET overall, but the pattern of VT progression likely influences the effectiveness of the treatment. These results also suggest that unilateral cZi-DBS may be more efficacious when treating patients with mild to moderate VT. A prospective, blinded, controlled clinical trial in patients with ET is needed to determine developmental patterns of VT, and the safety and efficacy of cZi-DBS for the treatment of VT.

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